tarmac roads. (See fgure: elevation curve). is Geopark Magma is Egersund curve). elevation fgure: (See roads. tarmac

here by a glacier. The boulders consist of “foreign” rock types since since types rock “foreign” of consist boulders The glacier. a by here appearance of the anorthosite with a small-scale “striped” pattern. pattern. “striped” small-scale a with anorthosite the of appearance

with tarmac. The amount of traffc is generally low, but highest on the the on highest but low, generally is traffc of amount The tarmac. with direction of movement. movement. of direction randomly distributed in the landscape. These have been transported transported been have These landscape. the in distributed randomly weathering in the joints. This has resulted in the characteristic characteristic the in resulted has This joints. the in weathering

and follows a variety of roads, some with gravel surfaces and some some and surfaces gravel with some roads, of variety a follows and the orientation of the glacier since they form at right angles to the the to angles right at form they since glacier the of orientation the On the opposite side of the lake there are many boulders that are are that boulders many are there lake the of side opposite the On than today and the plagioclase feldspar was exposed to chemical chemical to exposed was feldspar plagioclase the and today than

ended some 10.000 years ago. The trip is approximately 27 km long long km 27 approximately is trip The ago. years 10.000 some ended into the base of a moving glacier. The shapes of the crescents indicate indicate crescents the of shapes The glacier. moving a of base the into

down into these joints. The climate was warmer and more humid humid more and warmer was climate The joints. these into down

landscape with a unique geology and traces of the last ice age that that age ice last the of traces and geology unique a with landscape bedrock. They were formed by the pressure of blocks of rocks frozen frozen rocks of blocks of pressure the by formed were They bedrock. size, roundness and shape. and roundness size, pressure decreases and cracks (called joints) form. Water can penetrate penetrate can Water form. joints) (called cracks and decreases pressure

(Railway road) in Egersund. The cycle trip passes through a cultural cultural a through passes trip cycle The Egersund. in road) (Railway Just above the trail there are several crescent-shaped marks in the the in marks crescent-shaped several are there trail the above Just age and is typically unsorted, containing fragments of different grain grain different of fragments containing unsorted, typically is and age As it approaches the surface (after hundreds of millions of years) the the years) of millions of hundreds (after surface the approaches it As

The trip starts at the parking lot on Gruset along Jernbaneveien Jernbaneveien along Gruset on lot parking the at starts trip The

moraine material was deposited by melting glaciers after the last ice ice last the after glaciers melting by deposited was material moraine mantle. Like an iceberg, as the surface is eroded away the body rises. rises. body the away eroded is surface the as iceberg, an Like mantle.

decorated in the old style. old the in decorated moraine deposits that are scattered throughout the landscape. The The landscape. the throughout scattered are that deposits moraine surface. The crust of the Earth “foats” on the denser, underlying plastic plastic underlying denser, the on “foats” Earth the of crust The surface. START & END: GRUSET (EGERSUND) GRUSET END: & START

The building on the left was the signal man´s house which is still still is which house man´s signal the was left the on building The Lush areas of vegetation are usually due to the presence of fertile fertile of presence the to due usually are vegetation of areas Lush Age. When the anorthoite was formed it was about 20 km below the the below km 20 about was it formed was anorthoite the When Age.

These are due to weathering and were formed long before the Ice Ice the before long formed were and weathering to due are These green background. Part of the trip goes through the village of . of village the through goes trip the of Part background. green

Eigerøy bridge was built. The former railroad is now a hiking trail. hiking a now is railroad former The built. was bridge Eigerøy region: a “bare landscape”. “bare a region: Dalane On the south side of the trail is a weathered surface with joints *. *. joints with surface weathered a is trail the of side south the On refected in the municipal fag which is a gold-coloured oak leaf on a a on leaf oak gold-coloured a is which fag municipal the in refected

name “Lille Sirevaag stop”. The station was closed in 1951 when when 1951 in closed was station The stop”. Sirevaag “Lille name the mountains. This leads to one of the characteristic features of the the of features characteristic the of one to leads This mountains. the Eikundarsund, which means “a sound with a lot of oak trees.” This is is This trees.” oak of lot a with sound “a means which Eikundarsund,

The old Maurholen railway station was opened in 1879 under the the under 1879 in opened was station railway Maurholen old The very low in nutrients which means that there is little vegetation on on vegetation little is there that means which nutrients in low very mineral – plagioclase feldspar. feldspar. plagioclase – mineral names Egersund and come from the Norwegian name name Norwegian the from come Eigersund and Egersund names

Anorthosite weathers very slowly in today’s Norwegian climate. It is is It climate. Norwegian today’s in slowly very weathers Anorthosite anorthosite. It is unusual in that it consists almost entirely of one one of entirely almost consists it that in unusual is It anorthosite. of Lund, and , make up the Dalane region. The The region. Dalane the up make Bjerkreim, and Sokndal Lund, of FRACTURES IN THE ROCKS THE IN FRACTURES

On the north side of the trail you can observe the rock type called called type rock the observe can you trail the of side north the On town of Eigersund municipality which, together with the municipalities municipalities the with together which, municipality Eigersund of town

STOP 3: MAURHOLEN RAILWAY STATION AND CRESCENT-SHAPED CRESCENT-SHAPED AND STATION RAILWAY MAURHOLEN 3: STOP ERRATICS GLACIAL AND MORAINE SOIL, 2: STOP

during this cycle tour that starts in Egersund. Egersund is the main main the is Egersund Egersund. in starts that tour cycle this during

STOP 1: ANORTHOSITE AND WEATHERING AND ANORTHOSITE 1: STOP

erratics boulders? These are some questions that will be answered answered be will that questions some are These boulders? erratics component into smaller fragments. smaller into component bedrock here. These “foreign” boulders are called glacial erratics. erratics. glacial called are boulders “foreign” These here. bedrock

Did Holy Olav defeat the serpent? What is anorthosite and what are are what and anorthosite is What serpent? the defeat Olav Holy Did *Weathering means the chemical or physical degradation of a solid solid a of degradation physical or chemical the means *Weathering locality number 25. number locality they come from areas where the geology differs from the anothositic anothositic the from differs geology the where areas from come they

km Fotlandsfossen (stop 9) (stop Fotlandsfossen The cycling tour goes through the moraine landscape moraine the through goes tour cycling The long km 27 is trip biking The Sykkelveien mellom Egersund og Hellvik og Egersund mellom Sykkelveien

INTRODUCTION

h.

o.

m HEIGHT CURVE HEIGHT

Magma Geopark Elvegaten 23, 4370 Egersund GEOBIKE [email protected] No. Forente Nasjoner Magma 20 Organisasjon for Utdanning, UNESCO Vitenskap og Kultur Global Geopark www.magmageopark.com Egersund - Hellvik - Egersund

27 km

EIGERSUND MUNICIPALITY

Photo: Magma Geopark Photo: MAGMA GEOPARK Photo: Richard Larssen Richard Photo:

In Magma Geopark the main rock type is the same as the lighter- Magma Geopark is a unique geological area in southwest coloured parts of the surface of the moon - anorthosite. Anorthosite in comprising fve municipalities: Bjerkreim, Eigersund, , Lund the geopark crystallised in large magma chambers about 930 million and Sokndal. Here you will fnd over 40 sites that present exciting years ago. It developed in the root zone of a mountain range similar geological and cultural features ready to be explored by everyone! to the modern Himalayas. When the ice retreated for the last time, the anorthosite became exposed and is waiting for your footprints. Magma Geopark is part of UNESCO Global Geoparks, a network of more than 127 geoparks (in 2017) from around the world. A UNESCO Global Geopark is a well defned geographical area where the landscape is of international geological importance and which is run for conservation, education and sustainable development. Such an area helps raise awareness and understanding of the geological heritage and its www.magmageopark.com history, geohazards, natural resources and climate change, as well as gender equality and local knowledge.

BJERKREIM EIGERSUND FLEKKEFJORD LUND SOKNDAL VEST- KOMMUNE KOMMUNE KOMMUNE KOMMUNE KOMMUNE FYLKESKOMMUNE FYLKESKOMMUNE Typical anorthosite apperance (stop 2) Flyttblokk (stopp 5) Eige

The fght between King Olav and St. Olavs Anotrhosite can be observed nearby stop 1 White anorthosite at Hellviksplitt AS (stop 5) Erosion marks (stop 3) St. Olavs serpent. Illutration by Ole Østring. serpent. Illustration by Ole Østring Salmon rich river - stop 9 Ivesdal kapell (stopp Hestvad6)Stop 10 bru - basaltic fra 1851 dyke

STOP 4: NETLAND STOP 6: VIEWPOINT There is an alternative geological explanation for the phenomenon. has been a major challenge for them. The frst salmon ladder beside The walls along the road Netlandsveien were built in 1874. There are This trip reaches a height of 150 m and from the top there are good During the last ice age, clay, silt, , gravel, stones and boulders the waterfall (Fotlandsfossen) was built over 100 years ago. several graves from the Iron Age along the road. The frst graveyard views in all directions. From here you can see much of the Egersund- were transported by melt water fowing in a tunnel under a glacier is located between two driveways on the right (Stop 4). The garden is anorthosite that extends as far as you can see in all directions. that covered the area. When the glacier melted away, the course of STOP 10: EGERSUND DYKE partly covered by trees and grass. There are several other buial sites To the south and west the anorthosite stretches to the coast and the tunnel remained in the landscape as a winding ridge of moraine Beside the road there is a broad band of a dark, fne-grained rock and memorials nearby. beyond. It extends to Krossmoen in the east where it is intruded by the deposits – called an “esker”. This is Magma Geopark locatity 13. that cuts through the white anorthosite. This dark rock is basalt and slightly younger Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion. The mountains was formed when basaltic magma flled a crack that penetrated STOP 5: HELLVIK on the horizon to the east and northeast consist of gneissic rock STOP 8: EIGE anorthosite. It solidifed about 600 million years ago. There are 11 Altered anorthosite – called “white anorthosite” - is extracted and beyond the anorthosite. The name Eige comes from the old Norwegian name Eike which such basalt dykes in Rogaland. The dykes are between 0.5 and 30 m crushed at Hellviksplitt AS. The crushed white anorthosite is mainly refers to a place with many oak trees. Archaeological fnds in this area wide and up to 60 km long. used for building roads. A little further northeast is another quarry STOP 7: ST. OLAVS SERPENT date back to the Stone Age, and there has been a farm here since the with a “white mountain” of crushed altered anorthosite. St. Olav´s serpent is an elevated, winding, grassy ridge (up to 10m high migration period of history. STOP 11: HESTEVAD BRIDGE and 2 km long) located in a broad valley. The ridge has its name from Hestevad bridge, which today functions as pedestrian and cycle path The word Hellvik comes from “hell” which means a fat rock surface a legend about a battle between King Olav the Holy and the Midgard STOP 9: FOTLAND RAPIDS over Eieåne, was built in 1851. The bridge connected the city of that was used for loading and unloading ships for many centuries. Serpent. The huge Midgards serpent tried to travel from the fjord to an The salmon river, Bjerkreimselva, passes through a series of cascades Egersund with the west main road which was the frst planned road Much of what is produced here is transported by ship from Hellvik inland lake. Olav the Holy was victorious and the evidence for this is near Fotland. The amount of water in the river varies throughout the between and . For many years this was the main road harbour which is 3 km away. the remains of the serpent lying in the landscape! year but is usually greatest in spring when the snow melts in the into town. mountains. Salmon swim up the river to spawn and the waterfall here

NO. LOCALITIES DESCRIPTION * If you want to see St. Olavs Start from ‘Gruset’ (car park in Egersund). On the bike serpent take of Stasjonsveien path, follow road 44 to the railway station. At the roundabout, continue along the cycle path to the left into Åsatua before Netlandsveien. towards Eigerøya. Follow Nordsjøruta, cycle route P Start and end Cycle this to the end, and out on 1. The bike path leads from road 502 towards Åsan. Rv44. Take right and follow Rv44. Follow the cycle path to the sign: “The Old Jærbanen” St. Olavs serpent cross the road and continue downhill under You can see St. Olavs serpent by road 502. the lake. 7 8 1 Anorthosite About 3.3 km from the start you reach stop 1. Soil, moraine deposits 2 About 2.8 km from stop 1 you get to stop 2. & glacial erratics Maurholen stop; cres- 6 3 About 1 km from stop 2 you reach stop 3. cent-shaped fractures 100 meters after Hellvik station, take the bicycle The old Egersund Fayance Factory 4 Netland route to the right, under the railway, towards Netlandsveien beside lake Netlandstjørna. STOP 12: EGERSUND FAYANCE 3.9 km from Maurholen you will reach Hellvik on 5 Hellvik The orange building that is located to the right of Fabrikkgaten was the left. 5 About 3.4 km from stop 5 (quarry) you reach a 7 the location of Egersund Fayance Factory for many years. The factory 6 Viewpoint viewpoint. was the frst and largest industrial company in Egersund for a long 7 St. Olav´s serpent Can be observed several places in the terrain. 4 period of time. 8 Eige Follow the same road to Eige. Turn right at crossroads. 7 Fotlandsfossen is located at the end of 9 The factory was founded by Johan Feyer in 1847 and was in operation Fotlandsvatnet with a salmon ladder. You can easily for 132 years before it was closed in 1979. The Dalane Folkemuseum 9 Fotland rapids walk down to the salmon ladder 50 meters after the bus stop on the left. Follow the main road further took over the stock and today you can see a selection of items at down towards road 44 and signs towards Egersund. Egersund Fayancemuseum. Turn left at the EGERSUND sign, across the road and onto the bike path. This is followed by a railway 10 Egersund dyke bridge and approx. 2 km from Fotlandsfossen you can see the Egersund dyke (stop 10) on the left. Turn 3 MAGMA GEOPARK left at the sign SYKEHUS into Kvidafjellveien. 2 1 Free GPS-based game and smartphone guide. Take your family on a At the end of the road turn right under the railway guided tour through Magma Geopark sites and learn more about this and follow the cycle path up along road 42. Turn unique area! 11 Hestvad bridge right under road 42 and over Hestvad bridge. Keep 10 left and follow the river Elva Lundåna past Elverhøy (park). Follow Elvegaten. Join TURFHUNT! Players fnd different Egersund Turn right towards Eikunda into Fabrikkgata. GPS coordinates in the game and 12 Fayance factory Cycle over the bridge to Gruset. 11 answer questions. Suitable for the 2 km whole family! GEOLOGY CULTURE GEOLOGY & CULTURE START & END Apple Android 12 Source: www.geonorge.no - modifed