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FYLKESKOMMUNE FYLKESKOMMUNE KOMMUNE KOMMUNE KOMMUNE KOMMUNE KOMMUNE VEST-AGDER ROGALAND SOKNDAL LUND FLEKKEFJORD EIGERSUND BJERKREIM gender equality and local knowledge. local and equality gender geopark.com magma www. history, geohazards, natural resources and climate change, as well as as well as change, climate and resources natural geohazards, history, awareness and understanding of the geological heritage and its its and heritage geological the of understanding and awareness education and sustainable development. Such an area helps raise raise helps area an Such development. sustainable and education international geological importance and which is run for conservation, conservation, for run is which and importance geological international Geopark is a well defned geographical area where the landscape is of of is landscape the where area geographical defned well a is Geopark than 127 geoparks (in 2017) from around the world. A UNESCO Global Global UNESCO A world. the around from 2017) (in geoparks 127 than Magma Geopark is part of UNESCO Global Geoparks, a network of more more of network a Geoparks, Global UNESCO of part is Geopark Magma anorthosite became exposed and is waiting for your footprints. your for waiting is and exposed became anorthosite to the modern Himalayas. When the ice retreated for the last time, the the time, last the for retreated ice the When Himalayas. modern the to geological and cultural features ready to be explored by everyone! by explored be to ready features cultural and geological years ago. It developed in the root zone of a mountain range similar similar range mountain a of zone root the in developed It ago. years and Sokndal. Here you will fnd over 40 sites that present exciting exciting present that sites 40 over fnd will you Here Sokndal. and the geopark crystallised in large magma chambers about 930 million million 930 about chambers magma large in crystallised geopark the comprising fve municipalities: Bjerkreim, Eigersund, Flekkefjord, Lund Lund Flekkefjord, Eigersund, Bjerkreim, municipalities: fve comprising coloured parts of the surface of the moon - anorthosite. Anorthosite in in Anorthosite anorthosite. - moon the of surface the of parts coloured Magma Geopark is a unique geological area in southwest Norway Norway southwest in area geological unique a is Geopark Magma In Magma Geopark the main rock type is the same as the lighter- the as same the is type rock main the Geopark Magma In Photo: Richard Larssen Richard Photo: MAGMA GEOPARK MAGMA Magma Geopark Photo: MUNICIPALITY EIGERSUND 27 km 27 Egersund - Hellvik - Egersund - Hellvik - Egersund geopark.com magma www. Vitenskap og Kultur og Vitenskap Global Geopark Global Organisasjon for Utdanning, for Organisasjon UNESCO 20 Forente Nasjoner Forente Magma No. [email protected] GEOBIKE Elvegaten 23, 4370 Egersund 4370 23, Elvegaten Magma Geopark Magma HEIGHT CURVE m o. h. INTRODUCTION Fotlandsfossen (stop 9) km The biking trip is 27 km long The cycling tourSykkelveien goes through mellom the moraineEgersund landscape og Hellvik Did Holy Olav defeat the serpent? What is anorthosite and what are locality number 25. *Weathering means the chemical or physical degradation of a solid they come from areas where the geology differs from the anothositic erratics boulders? These are some questions that will be answered component into smaller fragments. bedrock here. These “foreign” boulders are called glacial erratics. during this cycle tour that starts in Egersund. Egersund is the main STOP 1: ANORTHOSITE AND WEATHERING town of Eigersund municipality which, together with the municipalities On the north side of the trail you can observe the rock type called STOP 2: SOIL, MORAINE AND GLACIAL ERRATICS STOP 3: MAURHOLEN RAILWAY STATION AND CRESCENT-SHAPED of Lund, Sokndal and Bjerkreim, make up the Dalane region. The anorthosite. It is unusual in that it consists almost entirely of one Anorthosite weathers very slowly in today’s Norwegian climate. It is FRACTURES IN THE ROCKS names Egersund and Eigersund come from the Norwegian name mineral – plagioclase feldspar. very low in nutrients which means that there is little vegetation on The old Maurholen railway station was opened in 1879 under the Eikundarsund, which means “a sound with a lot of oak trees.” This is the mountains. This leads to one of the characteristic features of the name “Lille Sirevaag stop”. The station was closed in 1951 when refected in the municipal fag which is a gold-coloured oak leaf on a On the south side of the trail is a weathered surface with joints *. Dalane region: a “bare landscape”. Eigerøy bridge was built. The former railroad is now a hiking trail. green background. Part of the trip goes through the village of Hellvik. These are due to weathering and were formed long before the Ice Age. When the anorthoite was formed it was about 20 km below the Lush areas of vegetation are usually due to the presence of fertile The building on the left was the signal man´s house which is still START & END: GRUSET (EGERSUND) surface. The crust of the Earth “foats” on the denser, underlying plastic moraine deposits that are scattered throughout the landscape. The decorated in the old style. The trip starts at the parking lot on Gruset along Jernbaneveien mantle. Like an iceberg, as the surface is eroded away the body rises. moraine material was deposited by melting glaciers after the last ice (Railway road) in Egersund. The cycle trip passes through a cultural As it approaches the surface (after hundreds of millions of years) the age and is typically unsorted, containing fragments of different grain Just above the trail there are several crescent-shaped marks in the landscape with a unique geology and traces of the last ice age that pressure decreases and cracks (called joints) form. Water can penetrate size, roundness and shape. bedrock. They were formed by the pressure of blocks of rocks frozen ended some 10.000 years ago. The trip is approximately 27 km long down into these joints. The climate was warmer and more humid into the base of a moving glacier. The shapes of the crescents indicate and follows a variety of roads, some with gravel surfaces and some than today and the plagioclase feldspar was exposed to chemical On the opposite side of the lake there are many boulders that are the orientation of the glacier since they form at right angles to the with tarmac. The amount of traffc is generally low, but highest on the weathering in the joints. This has resulted in the characteristic randomly distributed in the landscape. These have been transported direction of movement. tarmac roads. (See fgure: elevation curve). Egersund is Magma Geopark appearance of the anorthosite with a small-scale “striped” pattern. here by a glacier. The boulders consist of “foreign” rock types since Typical anorthosite apperance (stop 2) Flyttblokk (stopp 5) Eige The fght between King Olav and St. Olavs Anotrhosite can be observed nearby stop 1 White anorthosite at Hellviksplitt AS (stop 5) Erosion marks (stop 3) St. Olavs serpent. Illutration by Ole Østring. serpent. Illustration by Ole Østring Salmon rich river - stop 9 Ivesdal kapell (stopp Hestvad6)Stop 10 bru- basaltic fra 1851 dyke STOP 4: NETLAND STOP 6: VIEWPOINT There is an alternative geological explanation for the phenomenon. has been a major challenge for them. The frst salmon ladder beside The walls along the road Netlandsveien were built in 1874. There are This trip reaches a height of 150 m and from the top there are good During the last ice age, clay, silt, sand, gravel, stones and boulders the waterfall (Fotlandsfossen) was built over 100 years ago. several graves from the Iron Age along the road. The frst graveyard views in all directions. From here you can see much of the Egersund- were transported by melt water fowing in a tunnel under a glacier is located between two driveways on the right (Stop 4). The garden is Ogna anorthosite that extends as far as you can see in all directions. that covered the area. When the glacier melted away, the course of STOP 10: EGERSUND DYKE partly covered by trees and grass. There are several other buial sites To the south and west the anorthosite stretches to the coast and the tunnel remained in the landscape as a winding ridge of moraine Beside the road there is a broad band of a dark, fne-grained rock and memorials nearby. beyond. It extends to Krossmoen in the east where it is intruded by the deposits – called an “esker”. This is Magma Geopark locatity 13. that cuts through the white anorthosite. This dark rock is basalt and slightly younger Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion. The mountains was formed when basaltic magma flled a crack that penetrated STOP 5: HELLVIK on the horizon to the east and northeast consist of gneissic rock STOP 8: EIGE anorthosite. It solidifed about 600 million years ago. There are 11 Altered anorthosite – called “white anorthosite” - is extracted and beyond the anorthosite. The name Eige comes from the old Norwegian name Eike which such basalt dykes in Rogaland. The dykes are between 0.5 and 30 m crushed at Hellviksplitt AS. The crushed white anorthosite is mainly refers to a place with many oak trees. Archaeological fnds in this area wide and up to 60 km long. used for building roads. A little further northeast is another quarry STOP 7: ST. OLAVS SERPENT date back to the Stone Age, and there has been a farm here since the with a “white mountain” of crushed altered anorthosite. St. Olav´s serpent is an elevated, winding, grassy ridge (up to 10m high migration period of history. STOP 11: HESTEVAD BRIDGE and 2 km long) located in a broad valley. The ridge has its name from Hestevad bridge, which today functions as pedestrian and cycle path The word Hellvik comes from “hell” which means a fat rock surface a legend about a battle between King Olav the Holy and the Midgard STOP 9: FOTLAND RAPIDS over Eieåne, was built in 1851.

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