DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technology: Finding the Path to Commercialization

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technology: Finding the Path to Commercialization MARINE AND HYDROKINETIC ENERGY TECHNOLOGY: FINDING THE PATH TO COMMERCIALIZATION HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION DECEMBER 3, 2009 Serial No. 111–67 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 53–690PDF WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BART GORDON, Tennessee, Chair JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER JR., LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California Wisconsin DAVID WU, Oregon LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas BRIAN BAIRD, Washington DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRAD MILLER, North Carolina ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio W. TODD AKIN, Missouri BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas PAUL D. TONKO, New York BOB INGLIS, South Carolina PARKER GRIFFITH, Alabama MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas JOHN GARAMENDI, California MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California JIM MATHESON, Utah ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska LINCOLN DAVIS, Tennessee PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky PETE OLSON, Texas RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri BARON P. HILL, Indiana HARRY E. MITCHELL, Arizona CHARLES A. WILSON, Ohio KATHLEEN DAHLKEMPER, Pennsylvania ALAN GRAYSON, Florida SUZANNE M. KOSMAS, Florida GARY C. PETERS, Michigan VACANCY SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HON. BRIAN BAIRD, Washington, Chair JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois BOB INGLIS, South Carolina EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona W. TODD AKIN, Missouri DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida PAUL D. TONKO, New York JIM MATHESON, Utah LINCOLN DAVIS, Tennessee BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky JOHN GARAMENDI, California RALPH M. HALL, Texas BART GORDON, Tennessee CHRIS KING Democratic Staff Director SHIMERE WILLIAMS Democratic Professional Staff Member ADAM ROSENBERG Democratic Professional Staff Member JETTA WONG Democratic Professional Staff Member DAN BYERSRepublican Professional Staff Member TARA ROTHSCHILD Republican Professional Staff Member JANE WISE Research Assistant ALEX MATTHEWS Research Assistant (II) C O N T E N T S December 3, 2009 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 3 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Brian Baird, Chairman, Subcommittee on En- ergy and Environment, Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 8 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 9 Statement by Representative Bob Inglis, Ranking Minority Member, Sub- committee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science and Tech- nology, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................... 9 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 10 Prepared Statement by Representative Jerry F. Costello, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science and technology, U.S. House of Representatives .................................................................................... 11 Prepared Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science and technology, U.S. House of Representatives .................................................................................... 11 Witnesses: Jacques Beaudry-Losique, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Renewable Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 12 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 14 Biography .......................................................................................................... 21 Roger Bedard, Ocean Energy Leader, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 22 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 24 Biography .......................................................................................................... 35 James G.P. Dehlsen, Founder and Chairman, Ecomerit Technologies, LLC Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 36 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 37 Biography .......................................................................................................... 43 Craig W. Collar, P.E., Senior Manager for Energy Resource Development at Snohomish Public Utility District Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 44 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 45 Biography .......................................................................................................... 56 Gia D. Schneider, Co-Founder and CEO, Natel Energy, Inc. Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 57 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 59 Biography .......................................................................................................... 67 Discussion The Problem of Outsourced Manufacturing and Test Beds .............................. 67 Pace of Test Bed Development ............................................................................ 68 Keys to Expediting Projects ................................................................................ 68 Species Safety ....................................................................................................... 68 (III) IV Page Turbine Design ..................................................................................................... 69 Combining Wave and Wind Technologies .......................................................... 70 Comparing Economic Costs and Benefits of Energy ......................................... 71 Hydrokinetic Potential in the Great Lakes ........................................................ 72 Low Head Hydropower ........................................................................................ 73 Other Promising Technologies ............................................................................ 73 Lessons from Verdant Power in New York State .............................................. 74 Cost Competitiveness of MHK Technologies ..................................................... 75 Impacts on Scenic Views ..................................................................................... 75 Progress to Date and the Power Density of MHK ............................................. 76 2009 Stimulus Funding for MHK ....................................................................... 77 The Importance of Consistent Federal Support ................................................ 77 Permitting and Regulatory Structure ................................................................ 78 Energy Production From the Gulf Stream ......................................................... 81 Thermal Energy Potential in the Oceans ........................................................... 82 Closing .................................................................................................................. 83 MARINE AND HYDROKINETIC ENERGY TECHNOLOGY: FINDING THE PATH TO COMMERCIALIZATION THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 2009 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10:00 a.m., in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Brian Baird [Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. (1) 2 3 HEARING CHARTER COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technology: Finding the Path to Commercialization THURSDAY, DECEMBER 3, 2009 10:00 A.M.–12:00 P.M. 2318 RAYBURN HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING PURPOSE On Thursday, December 3, the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment will hold a hearing entitled, ‘‘Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technology: Finding the Path to Commercialization.’’ The purpose
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Design and Analysis of a Kaplan Turbine Runner Wheel
    Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'17) Rome, Italy – June 8 – 10, 2017 Paper No. HTFF 151 ISSN: 2369-8136 DOI: 10.11159/htff17.151 Design and Analysis of a Kaplan Turbine Runner Wheel Chamil Abeykoon1, Tobi Hantsch2 1Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK [email protected] 2Devison of Applied Science, Computing and Engineering, Glyndwr University Mold Road, LL11 2AW, Wrexham, UK Abstract - The demand for renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar and wind has been rapidly growing over the last few decades due to the increasing environmental issues and the predicted scarcity of fossil fuels. Among the renewable energy sources, hydropower generation is one of the primary sources which date back to 1770s. Hydropower turbines are in two types as impulse and reaction where Kaplan turbine is a reaction type which was invented in 1913. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a Kaplan turbine runner wheel. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. Usually, theoretical equations are generalized and simplified and also they assumed constants of experienced data and hence a theoretical design will only be an approximate. This was confirmed as the same theoretical design showed only 59.98% of efficiency with a computational fluids dynamics (CFD) evaluation. Then, the theoretically proposed design was further analysed where pressure distribution and inlet/outlet tangential velocities of the blades were analysed and corrected with CFD to improve the efficiency of power generation.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Volume 1
    Natural Resources Canada Hydraulic Energy Group Renewable Energy Technologies Sustainable Buildings and Communities CANMET Energy Technology Centre (CETC) 580 Booth Street, 13th Floor Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E4 Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Volume 1 - Main Report Final H-327842 Rev 0 March 2008 Natural Resources Canada - Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Volume 1 - Main Report Volume 2 - Appendices H-327842.201.01, Rev. 0 Low Head Market Assess - Mainreport.Doc © Hatch 2006/03 a Natural Resources Canada - Low Head Hydro Market Assessment Main Report Table of Contents Report and Estimate Disclaimer List of Acronyms/Abbreviations Hydropower Glossary List of Tables List of Figures 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background................................................................................................................................. 1-2 2. Small and Low Head Hydro ................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Small Hydro Defined .................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Low Head Hydro Defined........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.3 Run-of-River Defined .................................................................................................................. 2-2
    [Show full text]
  • Guideline and Manual for Hydropower Development Vol. 2 Small Scale Hydropower
    Guideline and Manual for Hydropower Development Vol. 2 Small Scale Hydropower March 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. JP Design Co., Ltd. IDD JR 11-020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1 Introduction on Small Scale Hydropower for Rural Electrification Chapter 1 Significance of Small Scale Hydropower Development ..................................... 1-1 Chapter 2 Objectives and Scope of Manual ......................................................................... 2-1 Chapter 3 Outline of Hydropower Generation ..................................................................... 3-1 Chapter 4 Rural Electrification Project by Small-Scale Hydropower ................................. 4-1 Part 2 Designation of the Area of Electrification Chapter 5 Selection of the Area of Electrification and Finding of the Site .......................... 5-1 Part 3 Investigation, Planning, Designing and Construction Chapter 6 Social Economic Research .................................................................................. 6-1 Chapter 7 Technical Survey ................................................................................................. 7-1 Chapter 8 Generation Plan ................................................................................................... 8-1 Chapter 9 Design of Civil Structures ................................................................................... 9-1 Chapter 10 Design of Electro-Mechanical Equipment .........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Electricity Generation and Storage Technologies Futures Study
    Volume 2 of 4 Renewable Electricity Renewable Electricity Generation and Storage Technologies Futures Study Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4 PDF PDF PDF PDF NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Renewable Electricity Futures Study Edited By Hand, M.M. Baldwin, S. DeMeo, E. National Renewable U.S. Department of Renewable Energy Energy Laboratory Energy Consulting Services, Inc. Reilly, J.M. Mai, T. Arent, D. Massachusetts Institute of National Renewable Joint Institute for Strategic Technology Energy Laboratory Energy Analysis Porro, G. Meshek, M. Sandor, D. National Renewable National Renewable National Renewable Energy Laboratory Energy Laboratory Energy Laboratory Suggested Citations Renewable Electricity Futures Study (Entire Report) National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (2012). Renewable Electricity Futures Study. Hand, M.M.; Baldwin, S.; DeMeo, E.; Reilly, J.M.; Mai, T.; Arent, D.; Porro, G.; Meshek, M.; Sandor, D. eds. 4 vols. NREL/TP-6A20-52409. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/re_futures/. Volume 2: Renewable Electricity Generation and Storage Technologies Augustine, C.; Bain, R.; Chapman, J.; Denholm, P.; Drury, E.; Hall, D.G.; Lantz, E.; Margolis, R.; Thresher, R.; Sandor, D.; Bishop, N.A.; Brown, S.R.; Cada, G.F.; Felker, F.; Fernandez, S.J.; Goodrich, A.C.; Hagerman, G.; Heath, G.; O’Neil, S.; Paquette, J.; Tegen, S.; Young, K. (2012). Renewable Electricity Generation and Storage Technologies. Vol 2. of Renewable Electricity Futures Study. NREL/TP-6A20-52409-2. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Chapter 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Active Load Control Techniques for Wind Turbines
    SANDIA REPORT SAND2008-4809 Unlimited Release Printed July 2008 Active Load Control Techniques for Wind Turbines Dale Berg, Scott J. Johnson, C.P. “Case” van Dam Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550 Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited. Issued by Sandia National Laboratories, operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation. NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government, any agency thereof, or any of their contractors. Printed in the United States of America. This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydraulic Turbines and Auxiliary Equipment
    BR01B1848 ETDE-BR--0278 Hydraulic Turbines and Auxiliary Equipment Reporter: Mr. Luo Gaorong Deputy Director of International Centre of PCH of ONU in China .. Small Hydro Power in China L The Procedures of Small Hydro Power (SHP) Construction 1. The SHP Planning 1.1. The planning of middle and small rivers. Since all SHP stations are built on middle and small rivers, it is necessary to mnduct river planning before the SHP design, which shall be in accordance with multipurpose water resources utilization and cascade optimal development. To be more specific, river planning should take such purposes into account, namely, flood control, water supply, navigation, power generation, environmental protection, natural scene improvement, improvement of surviving conditions of human being, etc so as to develop water resources fully and rationally. At present, most rivers in China have been planned and the planning can be modified annually according to the social and economic development. The planning can be accomplished by water conse~ancy bureaus (departments) at the provincial, prefectural or county level as the river basin varies. 1.2. The planning of rural grid. Most SHP has been incorporated into the rural grid, so the electricity demand of the grid and load forecasting determine the SHP development. At present, most rural SHP grids face such a contradiction, i.e. abundant electricity during the flood season vs. electricity shortage during dry season, which can be relaxed a little bit by exchanging electricity with the national grid. So constructing SHP stations with yearly regulating reservoir has become a priority, 1.3. The SHP planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Turbine Wheel-A Hydropower Converter for Head Differences
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk School of Civil Engineering and the Environment Turbine wheel - a hydropower converter for head differences between 2.5 and 5 m Ph.D Thesis Helmizar Supervisors: Dr.Gerald Müller February 2016 2 CONTENTS Academic Thesis: Declaration Of Authorship ......................................................................... 18 Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................... 19 Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 20 Chapter 1 .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Flow Analysis of Enhanced Kaplan Turbine
    DESIGN AND FLOW ANALYSIS OF ENHANCED KAPLAN TURBINE Shri Krishna Gupta1, Anshu Prakash Maurya2, 3 4 Ankit kumar Maurya Priyanka Jhavar 1P G Scholar,deparment of mechanical engineering SSSUTMS, Bhopal (India) 2Assistant Professor, Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi UP (India) 3P G Scholar,deparment of mechanical engineering SSSUTMS, Bhopal (India) 4HOD, SSSUTMS, Bhopal, ABSTRACT This paper presents the study of fluid flow analysis in enhanced Kaplan turbine. By changing the blade design, we consume the more energy even at low pressure of water flow in the Turbine. This turbine works on the principle of Archimedean screw that convert’s the potential energy of water on an upstream level into kinetic energy. Water flows into the turbine and its weight presses down onto the blades of the turbine, which in turn forces the turbine to turn. Water flows freely off the end of the turbine into the river. Also this study focused to found the variations of velocity components and the pressure by average circumferential area (ACA) from inlet to outlet of the blades and used as factors to analyzed the flow inside the blades, the results of this analysis shows a good prediction of the flow behavior inside the blades and this lead to acceptable blade design, which can be used in Kaplan turbine. Blade complex geometry and design have been developed by using the coordinates point system on the blade in PRO-E /CREO software. Based on the flow rate and heads, blade profiles are analyzed using ANSYS software to check and compare the output results for optimization of the blades for improved results which show that by changing blade profile angle and its geometry can be optimized using the computational techniques with changes in CAD models.
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Analysis of a Kaplan Turbine Runner Wheel
    The University of Manchester Research Design and Analysis of a Kaplan Turbine Runner Wheel Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Abeykoon, C., & Hantsch, T. (2017). Design and Analysis of a Kaplan Turbine Runner Wheel. In The 3rd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'17) (pp. 1-16). [HTFF151]. Published in: The 3rd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'17) Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:09. Oct. 2021 Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'17) Rome, Italy – June 8 – 10, 2017 Paper No. HTFF 151 ISSN: 2369-8136 DOI: 10.11159/htff17.151 Design
    [Show full text]
  • Testimony of Gia D. Schneider Chairman and CEO Natel Energy
    Testimony of Gia D. Schneider Chairman and CEO Natel Energy, Inc. Before the Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment United States House of Representatives “Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Technology: Finding the Path to Commercialization” December 3, 2009 Introduction Good morning Chairman Gordon, Ranking Member Hall, and members of the Committee and Subcommittee. My name is Gia Schneider and I am a co-founder and the chairman and CEO of Natel Energy, Inc. I greatly appreciate the opportunity to share Natel Energy’s story with the Committee, and to discuss the roles of the federal government and private industry in developing technologies suitable for low head hydropower energy generation. Natel Energy Background Natel Energy, Inc. is a California and Texas-based company that is commercializing a new hydropower technology called the Linear Hydroengine or SLH, which could cut the cost of low-head turbines by as much as 50%. Our mission is to maximize the use of existing water infrastructure in the U.S. to bring on- line cost-effective, distributed, baseload, renewable energy from low head hydropower sources with minimal negative environmental impacts. Indeed, in certain cases, we believe the potential exists to implement projects that both deliver renewable energy and create positive environmental co-benefits. For example, we are evaluating the potential to incorporate renewable energy into low dams in the Midwest whose primary purpose is to create wetlands that trap nutrient pollutants which are a primary cause of the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico. If we can successfully incorporate low head hydropower generation into some of these projects, we could create an additional revenue source for Midwest farmers, bring new renewable energy onto the grid, and reduce nutrient pollution.
    [Show full text]
  • Learn About Turbines
    Learn about Turbines Akashdeep Singh, AEO TURBINES • The word ‘turbine’ was coined by Claude Bourdin in the early 19th century and is derived from the Latin word for 'whirling' or a 'vortex'. • Water under pressure contains energy. • Turbines convert this energy into rotating mechanical energy. • Flowing water is directed onto the Blades of a turbine Runner, creating a force on the blades, thus transferring kinetic energy from the water flow to the turbine. Where are Turbines used • Hydroelectric schemes use the kinetic energy of moving water to produce electricity. This water is put through a turbine, which in turn drives a generator that generates electricity. Types of Hydro-Electric Schemes • Run of the river: Turbine and generator are located at the dam or along its side – e.g. Bhakhra Dam. • Diversion: The supply of water is taken from a dammed river or lake to a remote powerhouse containing the turbine and generator – e.g. Slapper (the dam is at Pandoh, the water flows through two tunnels & a channel to power house at Slapper) . • Pumped storage: This scheme incorporates two reservoirs. At times of low demand, electricity is used to pump the water from lower to upper basin. This extra water is then released to create power at a time when demand is high – e.g. Tehri Hydropower Complex where Tehri dam forms the upper reservoir and Koteshwar dam serves as lower reservoir. Types of Turbines • Water wheel Turbine • Impulse Turbine • Kaplan Turbine • Francis Turbine • Pelton Turbine • Cross flow Turbine WATER WHEEL TURBINE • Have you seen a water wheel in a field? These were very common till a few decades ago to water the fields.
    [Show full text]
  • T Help from Federal and State Agencies to Help Resolve the Problem but Were Ultimately Widely Condemned As Mass Slaughterers of Birds” (Windpoweringamerica.Gov, 2003)
    The Academic-Industry Research Network The Makings of a Champion or, Wind Innovation for Sale: The Wind Industry in the United States 1980-2011 AIR Working Paper #13-08/02 Matt HOPKINS Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2013 5/1/2013 © 2013 The Academic-Industry Research Network. All rights reserved. ii Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION v PART I. GROWTH OF GLOBAL AND NATIONAL WIND POWER 1 The National Market for Wind in the United States................................................ 3 PART II. THE MAJOR PLAYERS / U.S. WIND POWER COMPANIES 7 The Global Leader: Vestas....................................................................................... 8 The U.S. Challenger: General Electric..................................................................... 9 The Battle for the U.S. Market................................................................................. 11 Market Foundations................................................................................................. 15 Technological Development: The Early Wind Pioneers.......................................... 17 Wind in the U.S. Power System............................................................................... 20 Market Development in the U.S.............................................................................. 22 The First Wind Rush................................................................................................ 23 Kenetech - Bad Management, Bad Timing, or Bad Support?.................................. 27 Zond Systems – Surprising
    [Show full text]