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History of Utah's Salt Industry 1847-1970

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History of Utah's Salt Industry 1847-1970 Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1971 History of Utah's Salt Industry 1847-1970 John L. Clark Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons, History Commons, and the Mormon Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Clark, John L., "History of Utah's Salt Industry 1847-1970" (1971). Theses and Dissertations. 4603. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4603 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. HISTORY OF UTAHSUTAITS SALT INDUSTRY 184719701847 1970 A thesis presented to the department of history brigham young university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of arts by john L darkclark august 1971 this thesis by john L darkclark is accepted in its present form by the department of history of brigham young university as satisfying the thesichesithesiss requirement for the degree of master of arts af JUye szfB alienailencommittee thchairmanairman roy W noxaopxyynpxa committee member sl zem august 2 1971 zei & a de jensen dep menrtiun date lamar department7 benr chairmanairman t ii PREFAPREFACErr while applying for a summer job at a salt company I1 was prophetically warned by an elderly night watchman that salt has a mystic quality salt gets in your blood once you have worked in it you will always return TT the warning went unheeded consequently during onefourthone fourth of my life much of my spare time and summer vacations have been spent researching and writing the history of utahsutah salt industry this project was initiated with the hope that it would contribute to the knowledge of utahs heritage in a preliminary survey of available information I1 found nothing had been written directly on the salt industry I1 felt the topic was worthy of treatment because of the worldwideworld wide fame of great salt lake prin- cipal source of utah salt production from the lake has been one of the oldest businesses in the state dating from pioneer times an attempt has been made in this study to trace the meth- ods used to extract and refine salt from the various sources and explore the economic legal and environmental factors that enhanced or impeded growth ortheof the industry and the individual com- panies within it since very little has been written on the salt industry I1 have had to rely heavily on firstfirsthandhand information from various experts including the salt makers themselves every effort has iii been made to write this history as honestly and objectively as possible however I1 must assume full responsibility for any inferences implications or interpretations placed upon this information which does not correspond to the message they tried to convey for the contribution they have made to this history my heartfelt thanks is expressed to don boB alienailennorman birchler milo bosshardt ray woW garrard thayne imlay alonzomonzo jeffs morving larsen sherrill W neville james palmer delbert pence albert poulson A Z richards jr C R rockwellRodkwell and james wood because of the extra demands placed upon his time special thanks must begivenbergivenbe given to myron L sutton pond foreman for morton salt company his knowledge of local salt history is unsur- passed and is recognized as such by the men in his field his explanation of technical detail onthespoton the spot locations of old salt works and the thousand and one tidbits proved indispensable to the completion of this thesis an expression of thanks must be extended posthumously to L leroy imlay for his contribution he was killed in an autom- obile accident before this work was completed I1 love appreciate and thank my parents john W and elizabeth H clark for their interest and encouragement my father provided some insights into earlydayearly day saltsaltmakingmaking methods from his personal experience I1 want to thankerthankdrthank dr james B alienailenmy graduate committee chairman for his assistance in making this project meet accept- able standards to the other members of my committee roy W iv doxey and dr eugene Eeo campbell I1 express appreciation I1 want to especially thank mrs ruth Kka christensen thohaswhohaswho has done such a proficient job of typing and revising the final copy of this work I1 appreciate the openhandopen hand generosity of george B gudgell lilliiIII111 of bush and gudgell inc who so graciously presented me with the maps that comprise appendixesappend bxesaxes IV and V in recognition of the assistance given by the various institutions mention should be made of the staff and personnel of the following brigham young university library university of utah library lodsLDS church historians library bancroft library at berkeley california the utah state historical society office of the secretary of the state of utah office of county recorders in davis and salt lake counties state of utah I1 owe the greatest debt of gratitude to my wife linda and to ourfiveour fiveeiveelve children lauren paul michael daniel and adam whose sacrifice to see this work completed has gone if not unheeded unrewardedunrewardedo my wife has spent many hours proof- reading revising editing and critically evaluating every page of manuscript she has given me the encouragement support understanding and love needed to continue my work v TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 11 chapter I1 introduction 0O 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 1 II11 geological ASPECTS OF UTAHS SALT DEPOSITS 12 BEFORE THE MORMONS 8.8 iliIII111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 IV PIONEER EXPLOITS 184718801847 1880 0 fa 0 0 32 V GENERAL TECHNICTECHNICALALI AND ECONOMIC 146 developments 186018951860 1895 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 significance of transportation 47 significance facilities n 1 au saltsaltmakingmaking techniques 0 0 0 0 9 Is 0 505u economic revolution 0 16 0 0 0 0 faf0 0 58 conclusion 1 0 0 0 a 10 le 0 0 40 0 62 VI EARLY SALT COMPANIES ON THE SOUTHERN SHORE OF GREAT SALT LAKE 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 IV 0 19 0 0 64 jeremy and company 0 0 0 0 if 0 9 & 66 company fo 6 8 inland salt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 68 company 10 1 inland crystal salt P 0 0 0 0 74 company 10 IV interintermountainmountain salt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 company & IV diamond salt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 the salt monopoly 0 it 0 w 0 & 0 0 0 0 0 81 conclusion a 0 0 10 10 it 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 VII EARLY SALT COMPANIES ON THE EASTERN SHORE LAKE 10 10 OF GREAT SALT lumlug 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 MORTON SALT COMPANY isifalibi 10 0 0 41 10 villVIIIVIIII 0 0 0 0 0 101 fl chapterLJI1 cakcajjter IX SOLAR SALT COMPANY 115 company crystal white salt 0 0 0 0 116 company .9 stansbury salt 0 9 120 company ID chemical salt production 0 0 9 121 company 16 solar salt 0 0 0 0 0 to 0 124 X HARDY SALT COMPANY 129 historical overview 0 0 0 0 129 pond system 0 0 ID 0 130 harvesting and refining procedures 133 improvements made by each company 0 0 0 a 135 factors affecting growth of the complex 0 136 conclusion 0 0 16 140 XI SALT COMPANIES ON THE EAST AND NORTH SHORES OF GREAT SALT LAKE 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 141 salt companies on the eastern shore of the lake 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 141 ritz salt company 0 142 company Q 10 to solar salt 0 0 0 0 0 144 salt companies on the northern shore of great salt lake 145 company quaker crystal salt 0 0 0 0 146 company 16 lake crystal salt 0 0 0 0 0 0 149 summary 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 6 6.6 0 0 0 0 152 XII SALT production FROM SOURCES OTHER THAN GREAT SALT LAKE 0 0 ab1b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 rock salt production nephi utah 156 rock salt production redmond utah 0 0 0 158 utah salt company 164 XIII litigation PERTINENT TO THE SALT COMPANIES ON GREAT SALT LAKE 171 relection lands controversy 0 0 0 0 ID 0 171 salt royalty controversy 0 6 6.6 a 0 0 177 salt companies and lawsuits 0 0 0 0 0 185 litigation pending on salt migration 189 XIV significance AND FUTURE OF UTASUTAHS SALT INDUSTRY 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 192 v1vaviivili appendixes I1 production and value of salt in utah 188019681880 1968 0 0 Is 0 0 201 II11 fluctuations of great salt lake 204 lilliiIII111 map of great salt lake utah 205 Wivo plat showing morton international inc properties and their extensions to the edge of great salt lake 206 V plat showing morton international inc properties and their extensions to the thread of the greatsaltgreat saltsait lake 207 VI US supreme court decision on the navigability of great salt lake junene 1971 10 0 41 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208 SOURCES CONSULTED 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 Is 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 209 viii CHAPTER I1 introduction the history of utahs salt industry closely parallels the steps taken by man throughout the ages to satisfy his need for salt in the spectrum of utahsutah history men scooped up lowqualitylow quality salt from the natural deposits on the shore of great salt lake in much the same way as the ancients with modern machines utahsutah present companies are producing salt over 99799.7 per cent pure from vast solarsolarpondpond complexes while recent marketing emphasis designates more than 95 per cent for industrial purposes 1 man cannot live on a totally saltfreesalt free diet if there is an imbalance the bodysbody hormone system causes water to be excreted via urination and perspira- tion until the correct saltsaltwaterwater ratio is restored water will continually be excreted until the body finally expires if there 2 is a failure to stop the loss of salt thus man has frequently been required to use
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