Japanese Religions
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Religion and Culture
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 40/2: 355–375 © 2013 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture review article Constructing Histories, Thinking Ritual Gatherings, and Rereading “Native” Religion A Review of Recent Books Published in Japanese on Premodern Japanese Religion (Part Two) Brian O. Ruppert Histories of Premodern Japanese Religion We can start with Yoshida Kazuhiko’s 吉田一彦 Kodai Bukkyō o yominaosu 古代仏 教 をよみ なお す (Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 2006), since it seems in many ways like a founder and precursor of the range of works written recently concerning early and, to some extent, medieval Japanese religion. Yoshida, who has long attempted to overcome common misconceptions concerning early Buddhism, succinctly tries to correct the public’s “common sense” (jōshiki 常識). Highlights include clarifications, including reference to primary and secondary sources that “Shōtoku Taishi” is a historical construction rather than a person, and even the story of the destruction of Buddhist images is based primarily on continental Buddhist sources; “popular Buddhism” does not begin in the Kamakura period, since even the new Kamakura Buddhisms as a group did not become promi- nent until the late fifteenth century; discourses on kami-Buddha relations in Japan were originally based on Chinese sources; for early Japanese Buddhists (including Saichō, Kūkai, and so on), Japan was a Buddhist country modeling Brian O. Ruppert is an associate professor in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cul- tures, University of Illinois. 355 356 | Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 40/2 (2013) its Buddhism on the continent; and the term for the sovereign tennō, written as “heavenly thearch” 天皇, was based on Chinese religious sources and only used from the late seventh century. -
Fortean Times 338
THE X-FILES car-crash politics jg ballard versus ronald reagan cave of the witches south america's magical murders they're back: is the truth still out there? phantom fares japan's ghostly cab passengers THE WORLD’S THE WORLD OF STRANGE PHENOMENA WWW.FORTEANTiMES.cOM FORTEAN TiMES 338 chimaera cats • death by meteorite • flat earth rapper • ancient greek laptop WEIRDES NEWS T THE WORLD OF STRANGE PHENOMENA www.forteantimes.com ft338 march 2016 £4.25 THE SEcRET HiSTORy OF DAviD bOWiE • RETuRN OF THE x-FiLES • cAvE OF THE WiTcHES • AuTOMATic LEPREcHAuNSP • jAPAN'S GHOST ACE ODDITY from aliens to the occult: the strange fascinations of daVid b0Wie FA RES bogey beasts the shape-shifting monsters of british folklore mystery moggies on the trail of alien big MAR 2016 cats in deepest suffolk Fortean Times 338 strange days Japan’s phantom taxi fares, John Dee’s lost library, Indian claims death by meteorite, cretinous criminals, curious cats, Harry Price traduced, ancient Greek laptop, Flat Earth rapper, CONTENTS ghostly photobombs, bogey beasts – and much more. 05 THE CONSPIRASPHERE 23 MYTHCONCEPTIONS 05 EXTRA! EXTRA! 24 NECROLOG the world of strange phenomena 15 ALIEN ZOO 25 FAIRIES & FORTEANA 16 GHOSTWATCH 26 THE UFO FILES features COVER STORY 28 THE MAGE WHO SOLD THE WORLD From an early interest in UFOs and Aleister Crowley to fl irtations with Kabbalah and Nazi mysticism, David Bowie cultivated a number of esoteric interests over the years and embraced alien and occult imagery in his costumes, songs and videos. DEAN BALLINGER explores the fortean aspects and influences of the late musician’s career. -
Not Falling, Not Obscuring: Dogen and the Two Truths of the Fox Koan
NOT FALLING, NOT OBSCURING: DOGEN AND THE TWO TRUTHS OF THE FOX KOAN ________________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ________________________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ________________________________________________________________________ By Patrick H. Wyant January, 2013 Thesis Approvals: Shigenori Nagatomo, Thesis Advisor, Religion Marcus Bingenheimer, Religion ABSTRACT Within recent Japanese Buddhist scholarship there is a debate over the interpretation of Karmic causality evidenced in the 75 and 12 fascicle editions of Dōgen‟s Shōbōgenzō, one salient example being that found in the daishugyō and shinjin inga fascicles on the fox kōan from the mumonkon. At issue is whether a Buddhist of great cultivation transcends karmic causality, with the earlier daishugyō promoting a balanced perspective of both “not falling into” and “not obscuring” causality, while shinjin inga instead strongly favors the latter over the former. Traditionalists interpret the apparent reversal in shinjin inga as an introductory simplification to aid novices, while some Critical Buddhists see Dōgen as instead returning to the orthodox truth of universal causality. I argue that Dōgen philosophically favored the view found in daishugyō, but moved away from it in his later teachings due to misinterpretations made by both senior and novice monks alike. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... -
A POPULAR DICTIONARY of Shinto
A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto A POPULAR DICTIONARY OF Shinto BRIAN BOCKING Curzon First published by Curzon Press 15 The Quadrant, Richmond Surrey, TW9 1BP This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.” Copyright © 1995 by Brian Bocking Revised edition 1997 Cover photograph by Sharon Hoogstraten Cover design by Kim Bartko All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0-203-98627-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-7007-1051-5 (Print Edition) To Shelagh INTRODUCTION How to use this dictionary A Popular Dictionary of Shintō lists in alphabetical order more than a thousand terms relating to Shintō. Almost all are Japanese terms. The dictionary can be used in the ordinary way if the Shintō term you want to look up is already in Japanese (e.g. kami rather than ‘deity’) and has a main entry in the dictionary. If, as is very likely, the concept or word you want is in English such as ‘pollution’, ‘children’, ‘shrine’, etc., or perhaps a place-name like ‘Kyōto’ or ‘Akita’ which does not have a main entry, then consult the comprehensive Thematic Index of English and Japanese terms at the end of the Dictionary first. -
World of Darkness Mummy in the Sands of the Kingdom of Khem, in Times Long Forgotten, a War Began
World of Darkness Mummy In the sands of the kingdom of Khem, in times long forgotten, a war began. The lands were ruled by the Pharoah Osiris, and his wife Isis. Osiris's brother Set coveted the throne, and for his machinations was banished. Thus Osiris ruled benevolently over his peaceful kingdom, that is until a stranger came. This stranger, named Typhon, arrived wishing an audience with Osiris. Osiris accepted him and spoke of a comind darkness and war. Typhon and Osiris met on the eve of the full moon for four months. On the dawn after their fourth meeting Osiris was discovered ill and near death, pale and bloodless on his chamber floor. But true death did not come for Osiris. He rose, stronger and more powerful than ever, but pale and cold still. None knew wether Osiris chose undeath or had it thrust upon him, but for three hundred years he ruled thusly. Soon another visitor appeared, however, named Thoth, who would teach the mystical arts to both Isis and her sister Nephtys. He would soon depart as abruptly and mysteriously as Typhon. This heralded the return of Set, now a creature of darkness like Osiris. He would trap Osiris in a coffin and cast him into the Nile. And though Isis and her son Horus would retrieve it, Set captured them and tore Osiris into 13 pieces and cast his parts across the sands of Khem. He tortured Isis and Horus, plucking out Horus's eye taking his Ba or vital force. Horus withered away, kept alive solely by the ministrations of Isis's magic. -
CSJR Newsletter
Centre for the Study of Japanese Religions CSJR Newsletter Autumn 2009 Issue 18-19 CSJR Newsletter • Autumn 2009 • Issue 18-19 In this issue 2 From the Centre Chair Centre Activities FROM THE CHAIR 3 CSJR Seminar and Fora Schedule 4 Film Screening: A Zen Life: D.T. Suzuki 5 Spring International Workshop: Minakata Another academic year has just concluded and while we look forward to the summer Kumagusu and London break we reflect back on the past months. As I write, the field of Japanese religion is saddened by the news that Carmen Blacker has passed away, on the morning of her Centre Activities Reports 85th birthday. Perhaps the most influential British scholar of Japanese religions, Carmen Blacker’s work opened up a new understanding of religious practices in Japan. She was 6 CSJR Spring International Workshop very supportive of the Centre, as she was of young scholars and of new initiatives, and I 8 Numata Lecture Series (2007-2008) have fond memories of her visits in the early years of the Centre. We will be remember- 9 Portraiture: Power & Ritual ing her and honouring her scholarly contributions in coming events. Research Notes Last year several people were away from the CSJR. After Brian Boching took up a post 10 O-take Dainichi Nyorai, a Shugendō Icon at the University of Cork, John Breen also left London to take up a three-year assignment 13 Motoori Norinaga’s Thoughts at Nichibunken in Kyoto. A few of our PhD students spent periods in Japan conducting on Astronomy fieldwork, and I myself was on sabbatical for the first two terms of 2008-2009. -
Shugendo Art1
Japanese Journal o f Religious Studies 1989 16/2-3 Shugendo Art1 S a w a Ryuken 佐和隆研 Introduction The Japanese cult of sacred mountains began in prehistory, con tinued on into historical times, then mingled with other religions, especially Buddhism. Such interactions produced distinct cultic forms, some of which survive even today. Important examples of such dis tinctive cults include Omine, Haguro, Haku-san,and Kumano, all of which were religiously significant throughout Japan. Other, related cults, of more local interest,existed in every region of the country, and each likewise had its own identity. For example,most temples on the “Thirty-Three Kannons of the Kansai” pilgrimage circuit developed from sacred mountain cults. The survival of such cults, thanks to popular support,suggests that the cultural complex which nurtured them was no simple one. Tms complex encouraged the emergence not only of art connected with religious rites, but of various performing arts which deeply penetrated the lives of country people. Among the rituals and per forming arts which live on here and there in Japan, many are clearly related to the old mountain cults. In fact, no treatment of regional culture can afford to ignore the role played by local yamabushi. Let us review in this light the art which developed from the cults of sacred mountains. 1 Translated and edited from the Japanese. See Sa w a 1975. 196 Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 16/2-3 Images of Zao Gongen 蔵王権現 and En no Gydja 役行者 The founder of Japanese mountain religion is always said to be En no Gyoja, who was active above all in the Omine 大峯 mountains. -
Weird Beliefs by Barry Wilson
Weird Beliefs by Barry Wilson Public Domain Edition March 2012 Acknowledgments Unless otherwise noted, all biblical quotations in this book are from the King James Authorized Version of the bible. Also, all images are public domain works reproduced courtesy of the WikiMedia Commons website (commons.wikimedia.org). The image on the cover shows a Mesoamerican sculpture thought to depict a god named Quetzalcoatl. Public Domain Use of this Book The author of this book has released its textual content into the public domain. This means that this book, or any part of it, may be freely reproduced and distributed by anyone for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and in any way, including by methods that have not yet been invented. A copy of the full public domain dedication can be found at the end of the book. Introduction Almost every religion contains ideas that can seem weird to outsiders. The following examples come from all over the world and involve many different religions and faiths. The Temple of Rats Everyday about 20,000 rats roam through the Karni Mata temple, which is located in the city of Deshnoke in northwestern India. These rats are believed to be re-incarnations of certain dead people who will eventually be reborn as higher life forms. The rats can move freely throughout the entire temple complex, and they are always provided with all the food they can eat, including milk and special sweets. Visitors must remove their shoes and let the rodents run across their feet. The temple is dedicated to a 15th-century female sage named Karni Mata, who is now considered to have been an incarnation of the Hindu goddess Durga. -
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Pregledni rad Acta med-hist Adriat 2014; 12(2);329-370 Review article UDK: 393.3(3) 0800,),&$7,21,17+( $1&,(17$1'1(::25/' MUMIFIKACIJA U STAROM I NOVOM SVIJETU $QD0DUtD5RVVR In memoriam of Dr. Guillermo Zanniello, expert support and qualified guide in my medicine works Summary In the Ancient and New World there was a custom to preserve the corpse in a natural and artificial way. Since Paleolithic man believed in an afterlife and even in Mesoamerica and the Andes cultures, care and ceremony were practiced to the burial of the dead in an ances- tral cult. Mortuary rituals were developed in Pre-dynastic Egypt (4500-3100 BC) but appar- ently they had begun before in America, c. 5000 BC. Mummies served for assisting the soul to survive and for preventing the dead from frighten- ing the livings. Incas arrived at a point of perfection in these practices after other Andean cultures but we should not forget their older predecessors, the Chinchorro culture on the arid coast of the Atacama Desert. Different steps in the technique can be distinguished in both worlds: natural desiccation covered by animal skins, methods to protect the body skin and flesh removal, replacement with clay; black, red or mud-coated corpses, evisceration, body cavity treatment, cleansing and anointing the interior, brain removal, mummified bodies, corpses covered with natron, before being washed and bandaged or wrapped. It will be necessary to carefully check dates, techniques and periods in the two zones to estab- lish exactly the evolution of the methods applied. .H\ZRUGV: Mummification; ancient and new world; methods and first intentional technique * University of Buenos Aires Argentina, vice President of the Internacional Society for the History of Medicine. -
Stripper Funerals, Fantasy Coffins and the World's Dumbest Deaths the DIGITAL DYING TOP 10
Stripper Funerals, Fantasy Coffins THE DIGITAL and the World’s Dumbest Deaths DYING TOP 10 www.funeralwise.com © 2011 Funeralwise, L.L.C. All Rights Reserved. Stripper Funerals, Fantasy Coffins and the World’s Dumbest Deaths: The Digital Dying Top 10 JUSTIN NOBEL AND THE DIGITAL DYING BLOG Where there is death, there is a very creative human response to death. It inspires culture, art, religion and story. For the past two years, journalist Justin Nobel has written Digital Dying, a blog on Funeralwise.com that explores trends in death and the industries it touches. He has covered everything from Taiwanese stripper funerals to the burying of cremated remains on the moon. Justin Nobel also writes about science, culture and travel for publications such as TIME, Audubon, Popular Mechanics and Meatpaper. Check out this video interview with Justin http://blogs.funeralwise.com/dying/about/ We hope you will enjoy this collection of 10 interesting posts from the Digital Dying archives. Justin Nobel, Journalist Visit www.funeralwise.com for more information. © 2011 Funeralwise, L.L.C. All Rights Reserved. Stripper Funerals, Fantasy Coffins and the World’s Dumbest Deaths: The Digital Dying Top 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Japan’s mummy-monks rise again 2. The world’s dumbest deaths, now on TV 3. As the morbidly obese die, coffins change shape 4. Inside the hot and noisy world of Taiwan’s stripper funerals 5. Mt. Everest, the world’s highest cemetery keeps growing 6. Bury me in a uterus, or a Ferrari 7. Gorillas, parrots and horses commit suicide too 8. -
Kakuban's Incorporation of Pure Land Practices
KAKUBAN’S INCORPORATION OF PURE LAND PRACTICES: THE CATALYST FOR THE RESTORATION OF SHINGON DURING THE LATE HEIAN PERIOD A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAIʽI AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN RELIGION (ASIAN) APRIL 2013 By Camille Mori Thesis Committee: Michel Mohr, Chairperson Helen Baroni Arthur Thornhill ii Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 Existing Research on Kakuban ....................................................................................................... 2 Heian Buddhism .............................................................................................................................. 4 The Life of Kakuban ....................................................................................................................... 7 Shingon Visualization Practices ................................................................................................... 10 Outline of the Chapters ................................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 2: The Relationship -
Spiritual Legitimacy in Contemporary Japan: a Case Study of the Power Spot Phenomenon and the Haruna Shrine, Gunma
religions Article Spiritual Legitimacy in Contemporary Japan: A Case Study of the Power Spot Phenomenon and the Haruna Shrine, Gunma Shin Yasuda Faculty of Regional Policy, Takasaki City University of Economics, Gunma 3700801, Japan; [email protected] Abstract: Since the 2000s, Japanese internet media as well as mass media, including magazines, television and newspapers, have promoted the concept of a “power spot” as part of the spirituality movement in the country. This emerging social environment for the power spot phenomenon has developed a new form of religiosity, which can be called “spiritual legitimacy,” according to the transformation of religious legitimacy embedded in Japanese society. This paper, therefore, examined the emergence of a new form of spiritual legitimacy utilizing a case study of the power spot phenomenon in the Haruna Shrine, Gunma Prefecture, in Japan. The development of the power spot phenomenon in the Haruna Shrine indicates that consumption of spiritual narratives has strongly promoted the construction of a social context of spiritual legitimacy, such as through shared images and symbols related to the narratives in the sacred site. As a result, this paper clarifies that this new form of spiritual legitimacy embodies stakeholders’ social consensus on spiritual narratives, which people have struggled to construct a social context for spiritual legitimacy to ensure hot authentication of their individual narratives and experiences. Keywords: power spot; spirituality; social context; spiritual legitimacy; Japan Citation: Yasuda, Shin. 2021. Spiritual Legitimacy in Contemporary Japan: A Case Study of the Power Spot Phenomenon and 1. Introduction the Haruna Shrine, Gunma. Religions Since the 2000s, Japanese internet media, such as webpages, blogs, social networking 12: 177.