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Copyright by Casey Jeffrey Hanson 2010 Copyright by Casey Jeffrey Hanson 2010 The Thesis Committee for Casey Jeffrey Hanson Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: The Archaeology of San Antonio’s Main Plaza, Investigations at 41BX1753 APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Maria Wade Darrell Creel The Archaeology of San Antonio’s Main Plaza, Investigations at 41BX1753 by Casey Jeffrey Hanson, B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin December 2010 Dedication Dedicated to M.L. Scone, G.A. Gustoferson and G.R. Gerschwitz. Acknowledgements I would like to thank everyone at PBS&J including Clell Bond, Eugene Foster, and Nesta Anderson PhD. for giving me the opportunity to get involved in the Main Plaza Project, Mike Smith for putting up with me every day in the field, Mel Nichols, Kelly Russell, Meg Cruise, Linda Ellis, Haley Rush and Amy Borgens for all the help in the field and in the lab, and Brandy Harris for too many things to list. I‟d also like to thank Kay Hindes with the City of San Antonio and Mark Denton from the Texas Historical Commission for their guidance and time. The field effort would not have been possible without the patience and skill of Randall Lozano, Brent Watson, and Ruben Cerna of Jerdon Construction Co. Inc. I especially need to thank Mariah Wade PhD. for helping me make a silk purse out of a sow‟s ear and Darrell Creel PhD. for helping me in a time of need. I would like to thank my parents for their encouragement and my brother for his questions about cannon balls. Most importantly, I have to thank my wife, Susan for her love and support and for making this fun. December 1, 2010 v Abstract The Archaeology of San Antonio’s Main Plaza, Investigations at 41BX1753 Casey Jeffrey Hanson, MA The University of Texas at Austin, 2010 Supervisor: Maria Wade This thesis documents the fieldwork component of the archaeological survey, testing, and data recovery efforts associated with 41BX1753, a historic-age site located in downtown San Antonio, Texas. This paper details the project‟s activities and results and provides feature and artifact descriptions. Furthermore, this work provides a contextual analysis of 41BX1753 based on the artifacts recovered and the archival record. In the report, I explore the social, political and economic relationships in San Antonio‟s past through the study of the material and archival records associated with a single property and its residents. Examined within a greater historical context, these records are indicative of choices made by some of San Antonio‟s most influential residents indicating vi a sense of identity and status, as well as strategies of adaptation and accommodation to ensure stability in the face of constant change. vii Table of Contents List of Tables ......................................................................................................... xi List of Figures ....................................................................................................... xii Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Project Description...................................................................................................3 Previous Investigations ............................................................................................7 Archival and Contextual History ...........................................................................11 Community and Identity Formation..............................................................12 A New Frontier .............................................................................................18 Revolution on the Plaza ................................................................................25 Capitalist Enterprise ......................................................................................32 Methodology ..........................................................................................................40 Phase I: Survey/Monitoring ..........................................................................40 Phase II: NRHP Testing ................................................................................41 Phase III: Data Recovery ..............................................................................44 Results ....................................................................................................................45 Feature 1........................................................................................................45 Feature 2........................................................................................................48 Feature 3........................................................................................................52 Feature 4........................................................................................................55 Feature 5........................................................................................................56 Artifact Analysis ....................................................................................................59 viii Ceramics .......................................................................................................59 Feature 1...............................................................................................60 Feature 2...............................................................................................63 Feature 3...............................................................................................70 Feature 4...............................................................................................73 Feature 5...............................................................................................73 Glass ..............................................................................................................74 Feature 1...............................................................................................75 Feature 2...............................................................................................76 Feature 3...............................................................................................77 Feature 4...............................................................................................81 Feature 5...............................................................................................82 Metal .............................................................................................................83 Feature 1...............................................................................................84 Feature 2...............................................................................................84 Feature 3...............................................................................................85 Feature 4...............................................................................................86 Feature 5...............................................................................................86 Lithics and Fire Cracked Rocks ....................................................................87 Feature 2...............................................................................................87 Other Artifacts ..............................................................................................88 Feature 1...............................................................................................88 Feature 2...............................................................................................89 Feature 3...............................................................................................89 Feature 4...............................................................................................89 Feature 5...............................................................................................89 Faunal Remains .............................................................................................89 ix Discussion ..............................................................................................................92 Recommendations for Future Research ...............................................................102 Appendix A Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps .........................................................104 References ............................................................................................................108 Vita .....................................................................................................................121 x List of Tables Table 1: Ceramic Type Distribution by Feature .............................................60 Table 2: Types of Glass Artifacts by Feature..................................................75 Table 3: Types of Metal Artifacts by Feature .................................................84 Table 4: Distribution of Lithic Artifacts and FCR by Feature ........................87 xi List of Figures Figure 1: 41BX1753 site location map ...............................................................3 Figure 2: Stormwater drain footprint and 41BX1753 location ..........................4 Figure 3: Ranchos of the San Antonio River Valley (1794) depicting Ranchos de las Mulas ...........................................................................................21
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