Calendar of Catalogue II of the Spanish Collection
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“I Go for Independence”: Stephen Austin and Two Wars for Texan Independence
“I go for Independence”: Stephen Austin and Two Wars for Texan Independence A thesis submitted To Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by James Robert Griffin August 2021 ©Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by James Robert Griffin B.S., Kent State University, 2019 M.A., Kent State University, 2021 Approved by Kim M. Gruenwald , Advisor Kevin Adams , Chair, Department of History Mandy Munro-Stasiuk , Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………...……iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………………v INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………..1 CHAPTERS I. Building a Colony: Austin leads the Texans Through the Difficulty of Settling Texas….9 Early Colony……………………………………………………………………………..11 The Fredonian Rebellion…………………………………………………………………19 The Law of April 6, 1830………………………………………………………………..25 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….32 II. Time of Struggle: Austin Negotiates with the Conventions of 1832 and 1833………….35 Civil War of 1832………………………………………………………………………..37 The Convention of 1833…………………………………………………………………47 Austin’s Arrest…………………………………………………………………………...52 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….59 III. Two Wars: Austin Guides the Texans from Rebellion to Independence………………..61 Imprisonment During a Rebellion……………………………………………………….63 War is our Only Resource……………………………………………………………….70 The Second War…………………………………………………………………………78 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….85 -
Antonio Lopez De Santa Anna ➢ in 1833 Santa Anna Was Elected President of Mexico, After Overthrowing Anastacio Bustamante
Road To Revolution PoliticAL uNREST IN TEXAS ➢ Haden Edwards received his Empresario contract from the Mexican Government in 1825. ➢ This contract allowed him to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches. ➢ Upon arrival, Edwards found that there had been families living there already. These “Old Settlers” were made up of Mexicans, Anglos, and Cherokees. ➢ Edwards’s contract required him to respect the property rights of the “old settlers” but he thought some of those titles were fake and demanded that people pay him additional fees for land they had already purchased. Fredonian Rebellion ➢ After Edward’s son-in-law was elected alcalde of the settlement, “old settlers” suspected fraud. ➢ Enraged, the “old settlers” got the Mexican Government to overturn the election and ultimately cancel Edwards’s contract on October 1826. ➢ Benjamin Edwards along with other supporters took action and declared themselves free from Mexican rule. Fredonian Rebellion (cont.) ➢ The Fredonian Decleration of Independance was issued on December 21, 1826 ➢ On January 1827, the Mexican government puts down the Fredonian Rebellion, collapsing the republic of Fredonia. MIer y Teran Report ➢ At this point, Mexican officials fear they are losing control of Texas. ➢ General Manuel de Mier y Teran was sent to examine the resources and indians of Texas & to help determine the formal boundary with Louisiana. Most importantly to determine how many americans lived in Texas and what their attitudes toward Mexico were. ➢ Mier y Teran came up with recommendations to weaken TX ties with the U.S. so Mexico can keep TX based on his report. His Report: His Recommendations: ➢ Mexican influence ➢ To increase trade between decreased as one moved TX & Mexico instead with northward & eastward. -
Stephen F. Austin and the Empresarios
169 11/18/02 9:24 AM Page 174 Stephen F. Austin Why It Matters Now 2 Stephen F. Austin’s colony laid the foundation for thousands of people and the Empresarios to later move to Texas. TERMS & NAMES OBJECTIVES MAIN IDEA Moses Austin, petition, 1. Identify the contributions of Moses Anglo American colonization of Stephen F. Austin, Austin to the colonization of Texas. Texas began when Stephen F. Austin land title, San Felipe de 2. Identify the contributions of Stephen F. was given permission to establish Austin, Green DeWitt Austin to the colonization of Texas. a colony of 300 American families 3. Explain the major change that took on Texas soil. Soon other colonists place in Texas during 1821. followed Austin’s lead, and Texas’s population expanded rapidly. WHAT Would You Do? Stephen F. Austin gave up his home and his career to fulfill Write your response his father’s dream of establishing a colony in Texas. to Interact with History Imagine that a loved one has asked you to leave in your Texas Notebook. your current life behind to go to a foreign country to carry out his or her wishes. Would you drop everything and leave, Stephen F. Austin’s hatchet or would you try to talk the person into staying here? Moses Austin Begins Colonization in Texas Moses Austin was born in Connecticut in 1761. During his business dealings, he developed a keen interest in lead mining. After learning of George Morgan’s colony in what is now Missouri, Austin moved there to operate a lead mine. -
LOTS of LAND PD Books PD Commons
PD Commons From the collection of the n ^z m PrelingerTi I a JjibraryJj San Francisco, California 2006 PD Books PD Commons LOTS OF LAND PD Books PD Commons Lotg or ^ 4 I / . FROM MATERIAL COMPILED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE OF TEXAS BASCOM GILES WRITTEN BY CURTIS BISHOP DECORATIONS BY WARREN HUNTER The Steck Company Austin Copyright 1949 by THE STECK COMPANY, AUSTIN, TEXAS All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine or newspaper. PRINTED AND BOUND IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PD Books PD Commons Contents \ I THE EXPLORER 1 II THE EMPRESARIO 23 Ml THE SETTLER 111 IV THE FOREIGNER 151 V THE COWBOY 201 VI THE SPECULATOR 245 . VII THE OILMAN 277 . BASCOM GILES PD Books PD Commons Pref<ace I'VE THOUGHT about this book a long time. The subject is one naturally very dear to me, for I have spent all of my adult life in the study of land history, in the interpretation of land laws, and in the direction of the state's land business. It has been a happy and interesting existence. Seldom a day has passed in these thirty years in which I have not experienced a new thrill as the files of the General Land Office revealed still another appealing incident out of the history of the Texas Public Domain. -
The Historical Narrative of San Pedro Creek by Maria Watson Pfeiffer and David Haynes
The Historical Narrative of San Pedro Creek By Maria Watson Pfeiffer and David Haynes [Note: The images reproduced in this internal report are all in the public domain, but the originals remain the intellectual property of their respective owners. None may be reproduced in any way using any media without the specific written permission of the owner. The authors of this report will be happy to help facilitate acquiring such permission.] Native Americans living along San Pedro Creek and the San Antonio River 10,000 years ago were sustained by the swiftly flowing waterways that nourished a rich array of vegetation and wildlife. This virtual oasis in an arid landscape became a stopping place for Spanish expeditions that explored the area in the 17th and early 18th centuries. It was here that Governor Domingo Terán de los Ríos, accompanied by soldiers and priests, camped under cottonwood, oak, and mulberry trees in June 1691. Because it was the feast of Saint Anthony de Padua, they named the place San Antonio.1 In April 1709 an expedition led by Captain Pedro de Aguirre, including Franciscan missionaries Fray Isidro Félix de Espinosa and Fray Antonio Buenventura Olivares, visited here on the way to East Texas to determine the possibility of establishing new missions there. On April 13 Espinosa, the expedition’s diarist, wrote about a lush valley with a plentiful spring. “We named it Agua de San Pedro.” Nearby was a large Indian settlement and a dense growth of pecan, cottonwood, cedar elm, and mulberry trees. Espinosa recorded, “The river, which is formed by this spring, could supply not only a village, but a city, which could easily be founded here.”2 When Captain Domingo Ramón visited the area in 1716, he also recommended that a settlement be established here, and within two years Viceroy Marqués de Valero directed Governor Don Martín de Alarcón to found a town on the river. -
Texas on the Mexican Frontier
Texas on the Mexican Frontier Texas History Chapter 8 1. Mexican Frontier • Texas was vital to Mexico in protecting the rest of the country from Native Americans and U.S. soldiers • Texas’ location made it valuable to Mexico 2. Spanish Missions • The Spanish had created missions to teach Christianity to the American Indians • The Spanish also wanted to keep the French out of Spanish-claimed territory 3. Empresarios in Texas • Mexico created the empresario system to bring new settlers to Texas • Moses Austin received the first empresario contract to bring Anglo settlers to Texas. 4. Moses Austin Moses Austin convinced Mexican authorities to allow 300 Anglo settlers because they would improve the Mexican economy, populate the area and defend it from Indian attacks, and they would be loyal citizens. 5. Moses Austin His motivation for establishing colonies of American families in Texas was to regain his wealth after losing his money in bank failure of 1819. He met with Spanish officials in San Antonio to obtain the first empresario contract to bring Anglo settlers to Texas. 6. Other Empresarios • After Moses Austin death, his son, Stephen became an empresario bring the first Anglo-American settlers to Texas • He looked for settlers who were hard- working and law abiding and willing to convert to Catholicism and become a Mexican citizen • They did NOT have to speak Spanish 7. Other Empresarios • His original settlers, The Old Three Hundred, came from the southeastern U.S. • Austin founded San Felipe as the capital of his colony • He formed a local government and militia and served as a judge 8. -
Bustillo Family Papers, 1772-1936
Texas A&M University-San Antonio Digital Commons @ Texas A&M University-San Antonio Finding Aids: Guides to the Collection Archives & Special Collections 2020 Bustillo Family Papers, 1772-1936 DRT Collection at Texas A&M University-San Antonio Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.tamusa.edu/findingaids A Guide to the Bustillo Family Papers, 1772-1936 Descriptive Summary Creator: Bustillo Family Title: Bustillo Family Papers Dates: 1772-1936 Creator Prominent in the early business and civic affairs of San Antonio, Texas, Abstract: the Bustillo family and its related families have lived in the area for well over two hundred years. Content Containing correspondence, legal documents, financial records, printed Abstract: material, and photographs, the Bustillo family papers document several generations of related families. The earliest items are associated with Domingo Bustillo (1779-1854) and reflect his involvement in family estate matters, land transactions, business activities, and personal matters. Most of the papers after 1855 are related to members of the Gutierres family and reflect business and personal activities. Family letters include letters from soldiers serving in the Confederate army during the Civil War. Identification: Col 879 Extent: 1.67 linear feet (4 boxes) Language: The bulk of the papers are in Spanish. Some materials are in English. Repository: DRT Collection at Texas A&M University-San Antonio Biographical Note Prominent in the early business and civic affairs of San Antonio, the Bustillo family and its related families have lived in the area for well over two hundred years. The family name was established in San Antonio with the arrival of José Antonio Bustillo y Ceballos (circa 1744-1793) in about 1766, family tradition claiming relationship to Juan Antonio Bustillo y Cevallos, governor of Texas from 1731 to 1734. -
Spanish Colonial and Mexican National Content Module
Texas History Spanish Colonial and Mexican National Eras Content Module This content module has been curated using existing Law-Related Education materials along with images available for public use. This resource has been provided to assist educators with delivering the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for middle school Texas History. This content module may be utilized as a tool to help supplement instruction. It is not intended to be a complete unit of study. Note: Arrows have been placed throughout the module to indicate areas where students should interact with the module. All rights reserved. Permission is granted for these materials to be reproduced for classroom use only. No part of these materials may be reproduced in any other form or for any other purpose without the written consent of Law Related Education, State Bar of Texas. For additional information on the LRE Program, please go to www.texaslre.org Spanish Colonial (late 1600s to early 1800s) and Mexican National (1821-1836) Era On the map below, circle Spain , Mexico, and the area we call Texas today. Source: https://lccn.loc.gov/78692118 Read the summary of this era of Texas History below and highlight or underline 3 key words that stand out and help to explain the summary. Spain gave up the search for gold during the Spanish Colonial period and turned their focus to establishing presidios and missions, as well as converting native inhabitants to Catholicism. Spain established missions throughout present-day Texas and laid claim to much of the land in Central America, and Mexico in North America. -
Stephen F. Austin Books
Stephen F. Austin Haden Edwards Robert Leftwich Green DeWitt Martin de Leon Books Facts on File Handbook of Texas Thompson-Gale Books Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Robertson’s Colony Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Google Texas Escapes Wikipedia The DeLeon Colony Genealogy Trails Wikipedia Empresario Contracts History…by County Names Wikipedia Benjamin R. Milam Arthur G. Wavell John L. Woodbury Joseph Vehlein David G. Burnet Facts on File Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Books Handbook of Texas Tx State Lib and Archives Empresario Contracts Empresario Contracts Handbook of Texas Genealogy Trails Empresario Contracts Google Books Genealogy Trails Wikipedia Wikipedia Minor Emp Contracts Tx State Lib & Archives Answers.com Google Timeline John Cameron James Hewetson James Power John McMullen James McGloin Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Empresario Contracts Power & Hewetson Colony Wikipedia McMullen/McGloin McMullen/McGloin Colony Headright Landgrants Historical Marker Colony Google Books Society of America Sons of DeWitt Colony Google Books Lorenzo de Zavala Vicente Filisola Books Handbook of Texas Handbook of Texas Wikipedia Wikipedia Sons of DeWitt Colony Tx State Lib & Archives Famous Texans Google Timeline Primary documents – transcriptions of the land grants @ Empresario Contracts Treaties of Velasco – Tx. State Lib & Archives List of Empresarios: Wikipedia Lesson plans for a Primary Source Adventure from The Portal of Texas / Resources 4 Educators: Texas Revolution Siege of Bexar: Tx State Lib & Archives Battle of San Jacinto: Sons of DeWitt Colony . -
Italian and Irish Contributions to the Texas War for Independence
East Texas Historical Journal Volume 23 Issue 2 Article 7 10-1985 Italian and Irish Contributions to the Texas War for Independence Valentine J. Belfiglio Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Belfiglio, alentineV J. (1985) "Italian and Irish Contributions to the Texas War for Independence," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 23 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol23/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 28 EAST TEXAS mSTORICAL ASSOCIATION ITALIAN AND IRISH CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TEXAS WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE by Valentine J. Belfiglio The Texas War for Independence erupted with the Battle of Gon zales on October 2, 1835.' Centralist forces had renounced the Mex ican constitution and established a dictatorship. The Texas settlers, meanwhile, developed grievances. They desired to retain their English language and American traditions, and feared that the Mex ican government would abolish slavery. Texans also resented Mex ican laws which imposed duties on imported goods, suspended land contracts, and prohibited American immigration. At first the Americans were bent on restoring the constitution, but later they decided to fight for separation from Mexico. Except for research by Luciano G. Rusich (1979, 1982), about the role of the Marquis of " Sant'Angelo, and research by John B. -
Independence Trail Region, Known As the “Cradle of Texas Liberty,” Comprises a 28-County Area Stretching More Than 200 Miles from San Antonio to Galveston
n the saga of Texas history, no era is more distinctive or accented by epic events than Texas’ struggle for independence and its years as a sovereign republic. During the early 1800s, Spain enacted policies to fend off the encroachment of European rivals into its New World territories west of Louisiana. I As a last-ditch defense of what’s now Texas, the Spanish Crown allowed immigrants from the U.S. to settle between the Trinity and Guadalupe rivers. The first settlers were the Old Three Hundred families who established Stephen F. Austin’s initial colony. Lured by land as cheap as four cents per acre, homesteaders came to Texas, first in a trickle, then a flood. In 1821, sovereignty shifted when Mexico won independence from Spain, but Anglo-American immigrants soon outnumbered Tejanos (Mexican-Texans). Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna seized control of Mexico in 1833 and gripped the country with ironhanded rule. By 1835, the dictator tried to stop immigration to Texas, limit settlers’ weapons, impose high tariffs and abolish slavery — changes resisted by most Texans. Texas The Independence ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Trail ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ On March 2, 1836, after more than a year of conclaves, failed negotiations and a few armed conflicts, citizen delegates met at what’s now Washington-on-the-Brazos and declared Texas independent. They adopted a constitution and voted to raise an army under Gen. Sam Houston. TEXAS STATE LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES Gen. Sam Houston THC The San Jacinto Monument towers over the battlefield where Texas forces defeated the Mexican Army. TEXAS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Four days later, the Alamo fell to Santa Anna. -
Texas As a Province and Republic 1795-1845 Reel Listing
Texas as a Province and Republic 1795-1845 Reel Listing Advocate of the People's Rights, Brazoria. Alsbury, Horace A., d. 1847. Extra. Brazoria, Wednesday, March 27, 1834. To the People of Texas. [Brazoria: Printed at the Office of the Advocate of [Brazoria: Printed by F.C. Gray]. [1835] the People's Rights]. [1834] 53; [Text begins:] Arriving this day from Monterray 42; [Published "for the sole purpose of laying before [sic] ... [continues with] information which I possess the public" a letter from Stephen F. Austin to the in regard to the designs of the Mexican Government Ayuntamiento of San Felipe de Austin dated towards the people of Texas ... [Signed and dated at "Monterry [sic], Jan. 17, 1834.", but including a end:] Horatio A. Alsberry [sic]. Columbia, August number of other items. Text begins:] The present 28th, 1835.; Broadside in two columns. 19.3 x 15.4 Extra closes the career of the "Advocate," until the cm.; This handbill, from which Dr. Barker in Johnson return of Oliver H. Allen, the Editor, who is now and Barker, Texas and Texans, quotes at considerable absent in the U.S. of the North ...; Broadsheet, both length in Vol. I, p. 243, gives a report from Alsbury, sides in three columns. 45.5 x 30 cm.; This is one of just back from Mexico, that the Mexican government the letters written by Austin after his arrest at Saltillo plans to establish an "arbitrary despotism" in Texas, on January 3, 1834, when on his way back to Texas "drive from the country a number of our principal from his mission to Mexico City.