1914.' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 6i39 - -· - -

joint resolutions 88 and 50; to the ·committee on the Judi­ a motion is made as in legislati"re session that that is action ciary. upon the part of the Senate of the United States to return to' By Mr. WALLIN: Petitions of various congregations of legislative bu iness. churches in the thirtieth New York congressional district, for 1\Ir. W AllREN. Mr. President, may I suggest that under that national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. construction by the Chair the REcoRD ought to be corrected? Also, petitions of vnrious business men of the thirtieth New The RECORD, as I read it rather hurriedly, would seem to in­ York congressionnl district, favoring passage of House bill dicate that the business was done in executive session. 5308 re1atiYe to taxing mail-order houses; to the Committee The VICE PRESIDENT. No; the RECORD does not disclose on Ways and :Means. that. The RECORD discloses, on the contrary, that it was done Also, memorial of Ovis "'l erband, of Amsterdam, N. Y ., protest­ in legislative session after 2 hours and 45 minutes spent in ing against national prohibition; to the Committee on the executive session. Judiciary. · 1\lr. CUMMINS. We were carrying out yesterday a unani­ Also, memorial of Rising Star Loyal Orange Lodge. No. 17, mous-consent agreement for the consideration of the nomina­ favoring "One hundred years peace celebration"; to the Com­ tion of :Mr. Daniels. of New Jersey, as a member of the Inter­ mittee on Foreign Affairs. state Commerce Commission. HoweYer, I ought not to state By 1\Ir. WHITE: Petition signed by Rev. J. F. Richmond, of what occurred, but this can be said, that ·the question was McConnelsville. Ohio, and 225 others, favoring the adoption of raised as to whether we should consider the matter in open a constitutional amendment for nation-wide prohibition; to the executive session or with clo ed doors, and the occupant of the Committee on the Judiciary. chair ruled that it would be a violation of the unanimous­ Also, petition signed by Rev. C. E. Baird', of Hopewell, Ohio, consent agreement to consider the nomination otherwise than and some 30 others, fayoring the adoption of a constitutional in secret executive session. There was no motion made, for I amendment for nation-wide prohibition; to the Committee on was here all the while, to open the doors and go into legislative the Judiciary. session. The Senator from North Carolina at one point offered Also, petition signed by J. L. Browning, of Frazeysburg, Ohio, a resolution with respect to the death of a 1\Iember of the House and some 80 others, favoring the adoption of a constitutional of Representatives. There was no objection made to the con­ amendment for nation-wide prohibition; to the Committee on sideration of that resolution, and it was adopted. Thereupon the Judiciary. the Senator from North Carolina moved to take a recess until 11.50 to-day, because the unanimous-consent agreement pro­ By Mr. WILLIS: Petition of the mayor of Dela-ware, Ohio, vided that the matter under consideration was to be disposed and 143 other citizens of that city, in favor of the e-~tension of of during the legislative day. That is the situation. So far Federal conti·ol over all nonnavigable watercourses of the as I am concerned, I have no objection to continuing the con­ United Stntes; to the Committee on Agriculture. sideration of the nomination in open session. By Mr. YOUNG of Texas: Petition of 16 citizens of Gilmer, The VICE PRESIDE:NT. The Chair is of opinion that hours Tex., favoring national prohibition; to the Committee on the are wasted here in the discussion of questions that are not Judiciary. of any moment. There is no trouble about either striking out this record, which could not have been made in executh·e ses­ sion, or immediatelv upon the roll call disclosing the presence SENATE. of a quorum, going into executive session again. Mr. KERN. I think the shortest way is to return to execu­ THURSDAY, Apn11Z, 1914. tiYe session. (Continuation of legislative day of Wednesday, April 1, 1914.) The VICE PR;ESIDENT. 'The Senator from Indiana. The Senate reassembled at 11 o'clock and 50 minutes a. m., EXECUTIVE SESSION. on the expiration of the recess, and the Vice President resumed .Mr. KERN. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ the chair. si-deration of executive business. Mr. CUMMINS. I assume that "We are in executive session. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the I suggest the absence of a quorum. consideration of executive business. The VICE PRESIDE:t\"'"T. The Secretary will call the roll. Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I rise to a parliamentary in­ quiry. When we took a recess last night we were in executive session. My understanding is that when we meet this morning, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. it being a part of the legislative day, we meet in executive ses­ sion. THURSDAY, Ap1.. il B, 1914. The VICE PRESIDENT. We, however, went into legislative session for the purpose of receiving resolutions on the death of The House met at 12 o'clock noon. the late RepresentatiYe RicHARDSON. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the fol­ .Mr. THOllAS. My purpose is merely one of parliamentary lowing prayer : inquiry. If I am wrong, of course I do not want to interrupt We bless Thee, infinite Spirit, our heavenly Father for th~ the roll call. discipline to which Thou hast subjected us in th~ gift of The VICE PRESIDrnT. The Chair thinks the REcoRD so choice, without which there could be no such thing as intel­ discloses. The Chair will ·examine the RECORD. lectual, moral, or spiritual attainments. Help us therefore Mr. CUMl\IINS. I do not know what the RECORD shows, but to meet the conditions with fortitude and learn the l~ssons with we did not pass into legislative session before taking the patience, and thus prove ourselves worthy of the trust reposed recess. in us, for it is writ: "He that overcometh shall inherit these Mr. THOMAS. Such is my recollection, although it may be things~ and I will be his God, and he shall be my son." So mav that we did. we struggle, so may we attain, so may we enjoy the fruits of righteousness. In His name. Amen. Mr. CUllin ~ -'1. I was here at the time. The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap. The VICE PRESIDENT (reading): proyed. . .Mr. S~UTH ef Georgia. I move that the Sena.te proceed to the consid­ eration of executive business. GOVERNMENT EXHffiiT .AT P.A.NA.U.A-P.A.CIFIC EXPOSITION (H. DOC. The RECORD shows that after 2 hours and 45 minutes spent NO. 877). in executive session the doors were reopened when action was The SPEAKER laid before the House the following message taken with reference to the death of the l~te Representative from the President of the United States, which was read and RICHARDSON. with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee o~ 1\Ir. KERN. That is a mista.ke. Industrial Arts and Expositions and ordered to be printed. Mr. THOMAS. The doors were not reopened. Mr. KERN. The doors were never reopened. The fact is To tlze Senate and House of Rep1·esentatives: that the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. OVERMAN], as in I transmit herewith a report by the Secretary of State recom­ open session, moved the adoption of the resolution, and the mending an appropriation of $5~0 , 000 for the erection of a doors were never reopened. building within wbich to install, display, and safeguard at the T_he VICE P.RESIDENT. It must be . perfectly apparent Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco the tb:n tJ:.ere cot:ld not hf;lve been any record here if we were in .Government exhibit anthorized by the surldry civil appropria­ executiye sessiOn, and 1t must be perfectly apparent that when tion act of Jtme 23, 1913. 1

...l '6140 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE. APRIL 2,_

As pointed out by the Secretary of State, many of the Govern­ the bills to be considered in the House as in Committee of the ments officially invited by the United States to participate in Whole. Is there objection? the exposition are erecting buildings within which to house Mr. ALLEN. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, their exhibits at the exposition. The Government of the United would not the gentleman be willing to make that all bills on States should not be behind these in appropriately providing the Private Calendar that are not objected to, and that those for its national exhibit. reported from committees other than the Committee on Claims I commend the recommendation to the favorable considera­ shall be considered subsequent to those reported from the Com­ tion of Congress. mittee on Claims? ,WooDROW WILsoN. Mr. POU. Mr. Speaker, I hope the gentleman will not insist THE WHITE HousE, March 31, 1914. upon that, because there will be more than 100 bills from the PRIVATE CLAIMS BILLS. Committee on Claims, probably, bl' to-morrow morning, and we can get another night session. Mr. POU. Mr. Speaker, I desire to submit a request for Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will unanimous consent. There are about 90 bills on the Private yield, I would say that the Private Calendar has had but little Calendar reported from the CommJ.ltee on Claims. I am aware chance in this Congress. I thirik some arrangement ought to that the Appropriations Committee is going to consume the time be made at a later date to call all of the bills on the Private .of the House to-day and probably will to-morrow, and that under Calendar, by unanimous consent, when it can be arranged so as the ruling of the Chair and the rules of the House appropriation not to interfere with supply bills and matters of great impor­ bills of course have the right of way. Therefore I ask unani- tance that have to be pushed now. I will say to the gentleman mous consent that the House meet to-morrow night at 8 o'clock from Ohio that I intend to ask unanimous consent that we may and remain in session until 11 o'clock for the consideration of have a day on which the bills on the Private Calendar may be bills from the Committee on Claims. I am aware of the fact called, by unanimous consent. that any gentleman, by making the point of no quorum, can Mr. .ALLEN. Mr. Speaker, I will say to th~ gentleman that probably block the passage of any bill at the session of the the only object I have in having bills on the Private Calendar House for which I am asking, so that, practically speaking, the considered at an early day is that I have a small bill on the committee would have about three hours for the consideration calendar which will permit a man to take an examination for of bills by unanimous consent. the Revenue-Cutter Service, which occurs in the month of Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, are April. April is now here, and if the. month goes by the work the bills which the gentleman proposes to call up private bills? that has been done in getting that bill on the calendar-and it Mr. POU. Yes; bills from the Committee on Claims. has already passed the Senate-will be of no avail. I am very Mr. PAYNE. I would suggest to the gentleman that he con- anxious to have that passed during the month of ApriL I have fine the business exclusively to bills on the Private Calendar. no objection. Mr. POU. That is my request, that the House meet to-morrow The SPEAKER. Is there objection? night at 8 o'clock and remain in session until 11 o'clock for Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob- the consideration of bills reported by the Committee on Claims, ject, as I understand the legislative status the Committee on now on the Private Calendar, and that these bills be considered War Claims has precedence over the Committee on Claims when in the House as in Committee of the Whole. the next Friday is given over to the consideration of private The SPEAKER. Is there objection? business. To-morrow is to be given over to the consideration Mr. BURKE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle- of the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation bill man yield? under the five-minute rule. There will be some here who will Mr. POU. Yes. be occupied some six hours in the consideration of that im- Mr. BURKE of South Dakota. Why does not the gentleman portant bill. If the gentleman will make ·his request some include in his request the bills reported from other committees time later in the session, when we may have general debate than the Committee on Claims? There are a few bills on the and we would not be kept here in the consideration of a bill calendar reported from the Committee on the Public Lands and under the five-minute rule, I would not feel inclined to object, from the Committee on Indian Affairs and from other commit- but under the circumstances I am constrained to object at tees. the present time. Mr. POU. I would say to my friend that the Committee on The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin objects. Claims has had only part of one day. The committee has Mr. POU. Mr. Speaker, I make the same request for to- been working diligently and there are probably 90 bills re- night? ported from that committee now on the calendar. The three The SPEAKER. Is there objection? hours would be certainly more than consumed in the con- Mr. STAFFORD. I obje~t, Mr. Speaker. sideration Of bills from that COmmittee. I think there Will be DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL. no trouble about getting unanimous consent for another night session, and I hope there will be no objection. Mr. PAGEJ of North Carolina. Mr. Speaker, I desire to call Mr. BURKE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, I am not going up from the Speaker's table the District o! Columbia appro­ to object, but it occurs to me that there are a very few, per- priation bill (H. R. 10523) and ask unanimous consent that the haps not to exceed half a dozen, trifling bills of the character amendments of the Senate may be disagreed to and ask for a indicated, and unless they are considered under this unanimous conference. consent they may not be considered at all. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. Mr. POU. Mr. Speaker, I will say to the gentleman that PAGE] asks unanimous consent to take from the Speaker?s table the Committee on Claims does not hope to complete the cal- the District of Columbia appropriation bill, to disagree to the endar to-morrow night. We will be forced, probably, to ask Senate amendments, and ask for a conference. Is there ob­ for another night. The pressure is very · great to secure con- jection? sideration of these bills. There are quite a number to which Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob- I think there can be no objection at all. ject, I realize there are over 200 amendments that have been Mr. FITZGERALD. Mr. Speaker, I would suggest to the added to this bill by the Senate. When the bill passed the gentleman that he make his request for the consideration of House there were · two amendments which were seriously bills on the Private Calendar that are 1;1ot objected to. That mooted on this side of the Chamber and on which there was no would prevent complication arising from some one trying to roll call. I refer to the Borland amendment 11roviding for tax­ force a roll call. There are probably a great number of bills ing the improvement of highwnys to the adjoining property to which there is no .objection, and if they could be considered owners and also the amendment stricken out by the Senate and disposed of it would facilitate matters. embodied in section 8 which invades the half-::md-hulf prin- Mr. POU. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the ciple. I would like to ask whether there will be any oppor­ House meet to-morrow night at 8 o'clock and remain in session tunity for a separate vote upon ench of those nmendments until 11 o'clock for the consideration of bills on the Private before a full agreement is reached upon the bill? Calendar, reported from the Committee on Claims, to which .1\Ir. PAGEJ of North Carolina. Mr. Sp~aker, ~ think I can there is no objection, the bills to be considered in the House as · give the gentleman as full· assurnnce us IS possible now that in Committee of the Whole. there will be an opportunity given the House to vote on those The SPJDA.KER. The gentleman from North Carolina asks amendments. unanimous consent that there be a session of the House to- Mr. STAFFORD. I have no objection, Mr. Speaker. morrow night, beginning at 8 o'clock and exte.nding until 11 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gen- ·o'clock, for the purpose of considering bills on the Private Cal- tleman from North Carolina? [After a pause.) The Chair endar that are not objected to from the Committee on Claiins, hears none. The Clerk will announce the following conferees. 191~ .. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.HOUSE. 6141

The Clerk read as follows : treating the Members of the House as dummies, instead Of real living, vital mortals? [Laughter.] Mr. PAGE of North Carolina, Mr. SISSON, and Mr. DAns. .Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Speaker, we will WITHDBAW .AL OF REPORT. engage in general debate during the day. The report on this Mr. EAYDEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to bill is very elaborate, and I have no doubt the very indus­ withdraw a re_port from the Committee on Indian Affairs which trious gentleman from Illinois [Mr. FowLER], before we take I made on House bill 14869, for the purpose of inserting a letter up the bill under the five-minute rule, will be familiar with in the report which was omitted in the printing. every item in the bill ; and besides, I expect to make a yery The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Arizona asks unani­ full explanation of it myself. mous consent to withdraw a report for the purpose stated. Is Mr. FOWLER. I will be -rery glad to listen to the gentle­ there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. man's explanation of the bill, because it will be about the ORDER OF BUSINESS. only opportunity that I will have to investigate the merits of · Mr. .1\IOSS of West Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous it l\1r. Speaker, I also desire to ask the gentleman if there consent to address the House for five minutes on a resolution will be an opportunity to go through this bill during the gen­ _that I have introduced. . eral debate, with a view to picking out all of the changes l\Ir. FITZGERALD. 1\Ir. S_pe::tker, t.llere is going to be debate which have been made in the bill over the appropriations of on the appropriation bill, and the gentleman will have to get last session? · his time that way. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I will say to the gentle­ 1\Ir. GOOD. I will yield time to the gentleman wnen we go man from Illinois that the report in this case takes up every d-e­ Into the committee. partment of the Government and shows -whether there has been an increase in the f01·ce or a decrease and whether there has been LEGISLA-TIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND JUDICIAL APPROPRIATION BILL. an increase or decrease in the salaries, so that there will be ~Ir. JOHNSON of South Oa1·olina. Mr. Speaker, I move that absolutely no difficulty in learning in a few moments any item the House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House that is subject to a po-int of order. on the state of the Union for the consideration of the legisla­ Mr. FOWLER. I will sny to the distinguished chairman tive. executive, and judicial appropriation bill; and, .Mr. Speaker, of the subcommittee that I applied this morning at about the ' pending that motion, I w.ould like to ascertain if we can reach hour that Joel Grayson reached -his office-9 o'clock a. m.­ an agreement as to the time for general debate. The gentleman foi' the bill and the report, but the report ::J.ad not reached his ·from Iowa [Mr. Goon] is the ranking minority member of the office, so I have not had an opportunity to see it yet. committee. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I will see that the gen­ Mr. GOOD. I will say to the gentleman there have been a tleman has a copy. good many requests on this side. I think the total requests l\Ir. FOWLER. Mr. Speaker, 1 withdraw any intention of amount to about four and a half hours on this slde, and I objecting. would suggest to the gentleman that we let general debate run The SPEAKER. Is there objection? · [After a pause.] The for to-day and then take up the bill to-morrow under the five­ Chair hears none. minute rule, if that is satisfactory. So the motion was agreed to. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of nous consent that general debate be concluded when the com­ the Whole House on the state of the Union for the considera­ mittee rlses this afternoon, one half of the time to be controlled tion of the bill (H. R. 15270) making appropriations for the by myself and the other half by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. legislative, executive, and judicial expenses of the Government Goon]. for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, and for other purposes, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from South Carolina asks with 1\Ir. GABNER in the chair. unanimous consent that general de.bate shall be concluded when Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I ask the House adjourns to-day, one half of the time to be controlled unanimous consent that the first reading of the bill be dis­ by himself and the other half by the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. pensed with . .GooD]. 1 1\Ir. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, fhe language of the request of the The CIIA.IRMAN. The gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. gentleman from South Carolina is a little obscure when he JoHNSON] asks unanimous consent that the first reading of the , asks that general debate shall be concluded when the committee bill be di~11ensed with. Is there objection? [After a pause.] :rises this afternoon. Of course the committee might rise in half The Ch~ir hea.rs none. an hour. I suppose the intention of the gentleman is that gen­ Mr. JOH~SON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman and gentle­ the eral debate shall conclude with to~ay's session of the House? men of committee, in presenting the legislative, exec.uti ve, Mr. JOHI\SON of South Carolina. Some gentlemen who have and judicial appropriation bill to the committee I feel justified asked for time are not here, and we do not know they will be in saying that it is a good, cle!.tn bill. Were I not familiar :here, and for that reason it would not be well to fix any exact with the bill I might have had some suspicion about it after :time. However, I have no objection to the language used by reading n sensational report as to its contents. · This bill pro­ the gentleman from New York. vides for the salaries of more than 15,000 Government em­ The SPEAKF.R. Is there objection? ployees, from the President of the United States to the humblest 1\Ir. HINEBAUGH. 1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to ob­ worker in the departments. There are two alm·ies reduced ject, I would like to have some understanding as to the por­ in all of that number. One salary in the Post Office Depart­ tion of the time that the Progressive Party is to have in this ment was reduced from $5~000 to $4,800 and another from debate. $3,500 to $2,750. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. How much time does the 1\lr. MADDEN. Will the chairman of the committee let me gentleman want? ask him why the committee thought it was necessary to make Mr. GOOD. I will at least yield the gentleman that Jll'O­ those slight reductions? portion which the membership of the Progressive Party bears 1\.ll·. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Those reductions were to the Republican Party-maybe more, I think. made at the request of the Postmaster General, under whom 1\lr. MURDOCK. How is t.lle gentleman going to determine these people wo.rk. The places were filled with men who were that, when it is indefinite as to the tin1e of debate? notified when they accepted them that this reduction would 1\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. How much time does ihe be .made in order to make the salaries of those di \isions con­ gentleman want? form to the salaries in other like divisions. Now, that is the Mr. IDNEBAUGH. Thirty minutes. extent of the cutting in this bilL Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Oh, I will give the gentle­ It is also indicated that a great number of people are to be man that much time myself. thrown out of employment or out of the Government service. Mr. MURDOCK. I suggest to the gentleman that he take it. There is not a word of truth in that statement nor any justific..'l­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the tion for ma.h.'ing it. The law now provides that only one vacancy gentleman from South Carolina-- out of four shall be filled at the Pension Office. That provision lHr. FOWLER. :Mr. Speaker, I reserve the right to object has been carried in the appropriation bills for many years, so for the purpose of asking the distinguished chairman a ques­ that the vacancies as they occur are not filled, in order that it tion. I want to know if the gentleman does not think it rather may not be necessary as the work diminishes to discharge any­ unfair to this House to have a bill reported from tile committee body from the service. In the estimate submitted by the Com­ only yesterday, giving no opportunity for its reaching the hands missioner of Pensions he asked for the reduction of about 145 uf the Members of the House until this morning at 9 o'clock places. The committee, believing t.llat certain work was being or after-does he not think it unfair to the committee to take duplicated in the disbursing office, provided a slight reduction up a bill of this magnitude, .and d-oes he not think it rather there. • 6142 ·CONGRESS-IONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2,

We have pi·ovided for an additional force to take care of the tee has accordingly inserted in this bill a provision that the new post office near the Uniori Station. We have also provided President shaiJ appoint a board of Government employees,-with­ for an additional force to take care of the old Bureau of En­ out additional compensation, to look into this question and to graving and Printing, to which will be moved all the auditing report at the next session of Congress a method to be adopted departments of the Treasury Department, except the Auditor for in the purchase and in the exchang·e of typewriters. the Post Office Department. There is a reduction in force at The only changes made in the force of the House of Repre­ the Census Bureau, because the Secretary said that if we would sentatives were simply those to take care of employees author­ move them to a modern office building he would not need cer­ ized. The sensational story to which I referred .a while ago tain employees that are now on the pay roll to keep up the old indicated that this subcommittee had provided fat, juicy places building in which they .are doing business. There will not be the on the pay roll of the House. That statement is absolutely slightest difficulty in ta1."i~g care of that force either at the new false. We have appropriated in this bill for a clerk to the Com­ post-office building or at the old Bureau of Engraving and mittee on Good Roads and certain other employees whose posi­ Printing or at othet; places where we have provided for an in- tions have been created by law. Resolutions have been brought in crease in force. . from the Committee on Accounts, and this House has a

Mr. GOOD. Those positions are not under the civil service. Mr. FOWLER. Wiil the g-entleman yield? Mr. PAGE of North Carolina. I know; but does the gentle­ .Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I will yield, but I hope . man think they should be or should not be? that gentlemen will let me conclude my remarks. Mr. GOOD. I think that practically all of these positions, or .Mr. FOWLER. I mean to interrupt the gentleman only most of them, should be under the civil service, because I be­ once. · On page 23 ·of the bili there is an effort to increase tbe . lieve in the civil service. But I think that for any place where pay of these inferior-srrlaried employees, and I discover that the civil sen·ice does not apply there is not a department of $60 a year has been added, as the gentleman has indicated. the .Government where the appointments are made on merit, Beginning with line 8, on page 23, 14 employees at $900 re­ .· without regard to political influences, to a greater degree than ceive an increase to $960, 4 who received $800 get an increase they are in the Library of Congress. to $860, arid 13 who formerly received $720 will receive $780 .Mr. GARRETT of Texas. Mr. Chairman, will the chairman by this bill; but there are 13 receiving only $600, which they permit me to ask the gentleman a question? have received heretofore, and in other places there has been a Mr. PAGE of North Caro1ina. I do not want to interrupt like neglect to increase the lowest-salaried employees. I want the chairman of the subcommittee. to ask the distinguished gentleman what reason the committee l\Ir. GARRETT of Texas. I want to ask the gentleman by had for not increasing the lowest-paid men? whom is the librarian appointed? Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I can not remember every 1\Ir. GOOD. By the President · of the United States. item where we are dealing with over 15,000 people. We have Mr. GARRETT of Texas. For how long? What is his ten­ increased the salaries of people not only in tbe Library of ure of office? Congress, who were receiving small salaries. but we have in­ Mr. GOOD. I think there is no fixed tenure of office. As I creased the salaries of those who were receiving low compensa­ understand it, the President can make an appointment at his tion in all the departments of the Government. Just why tbe pleasure. particular employees referred to by the gentleman from Illinois 1\fr. HU:MPREYS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ were not increased iR a matter that I will probably be able to tleman yield for a moment? expHtin to his satisfaction when we reach that item undet; tile .Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes. five-minute rule. Mr. HUM:PHllEYS of Mississippi. The gentleman from Iowa Mr. Chairman, we have provided that all of the bureaus and [Mr. GooD] says a large number of them are not under the civil departments of the Treasury Department tbat are now occupy­ service. None of them are in the civil service. Is not that a ing rented buildings shall remove to the old building of ·the fact? Bureau of Engraving and Printing. It is not quite. sure that Mr. GOOD. I would think that, perhaps, is a true statement. that building will be adequate for all purposes, or whether I think none of them are, except, perhaps, the charwomen and there will be room to store all of the documents that are now some laborers. stored elsewhere. That fact could not be ascertained when we Mr. SLAYDEN. If the gentleman will permit, I will say that completed the bill, and it will be necessary to make certain ex­ I do not think there is an <>mployee in the Library under the aminations and investigations with respect to that before we civil service. They are appointed under rules established by can definitely ·know whether we may not have to. rent a little the Committee on the Library, which is an organ of this House. space outside. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, when I Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Will the gentleman yield? was interrupted I was stating that we have increased the sal­ Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes. aries of 135 people in the Library of Congress: Those salaries · ~Ir: BYRNS of Terinessee. A moment ago the gentleman were all $900 a year or less. T·he increase is $60 a year for from Illinois asked why the committee did not raise 13 em­ each person, or $5 a month. That is a very small increase, and ployees under the catalogue, transportation, and shelf diYiSion yet the committee felt that where people are living on such of the Library of Congress. I want to say to the gentleman moderate salaries even that increase will help. I think prac­ that as a matter of fact those employees did re{?eive increases, tically everybody in the Library of Congress working for less beca-q.se there were originally 10 at $540, and they were giyen than $900 a year was increased, except the watchmen. I do salaries of $600 under this bill; so, as a rna tter of fact, the not understand why there is any distinction between the watch­ committee did not make any exception with reference to tho'se men at the Library of Congress and those around the Capitol. particular employees. Here we call them policemen. There they are called watch­ Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I am very much obliged men. Their duties are substantially the same and their com- to my colleague from Tennessee, who is well acquainted with pensation is utterly inadequate. . every item. As I stated, I am sure that when we reach the Mr. G.ARRETT of Texas. I will ask the chairman if, in his item under the five-minute rule •there will be no difficulty in opinion, the watchmen of the Library of Congress have not more explaining it. In other words, these employees formerly re­ responsible duties than the ordinary watchmen of other public ceived $540, and we have increased them to $600. buildings? · 1\Ir. FOWLER. No; that is not quite true, l\fr. Chairman. 1\fr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I think the watchmen in I do not desire to interrupt the chairJLan of the committee, be­ the Library differ in some respects from watchmen anyw)lere cause he is making a very illuminating explanation, which I am else in the Government service, because that Library is visited trying to take in; but heretofore that bill carried 3 men at $600, by vast throngs of people day and night, and these watchmen and the bill now carries 13 men at $600. In other words, there must be men of good appearance and good address to come in are three men who have been receiving $600, whose salaries ~ontact witb the. public. were not increased. Mr. GOULDEN. l\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Perhaps there are and Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes. perhaps there are not. These places may be vacant now, and Mr. GOULDEN. What is the salary provided for these they may be filled by people who were getting less than that watchmen in the Congressional Library? before. Mr. JOHNSON {)f South Carolina. It is $60 a month. Mr. FOWLER. I have examined that, and I know. Mr. GOULDEN. Did the committee take into consideration Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I think it best not to go any advance for thE>m? into the explanation of little items like that until we reach Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. We did not give them any. them in the reading of the bill. . Mr. GOULDEN. It would seem to me that that is a very The Department of State asked for no increase over the small salary, especially in comparison with what men of similar current law. There is a slight reduction in this bill. The grades get elsewhere. In common justice their salaries should Post Office Department asked for a slight decrease from the be increased to $75 per month. current law. It is true tllat this' bill carries a small sum more 1\fr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I have already indicated than the one for the current year, but that is because we had to what I think about it. take care of the new Post Office Building· down here' at the l\1r. GOULDEN. I know; but I hoped that the gentleman, Union Station. being the chairman of the subcommittee in charge of this bill, I want to call attention to the· fact that in this 'bill we have would have given the matter more serious consideration and ap­ provided for the Department ·of Commerce quite a large sum in plied a remedy. These watchmen certainly ought to have the order to take advantage of the opening of the Panama Canal, $75 a month, and I trust t.hat· the committee will not object to for trade purposes in Central and South America. But those an amendment to that effect. items will be discussed when we reach them, .and I have no Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. The gentleman from South doubt are of great interest to the House and to the country. Carolina is only one member of a very large and powerful com- There is very little. legislation ·in this bill. The first item mittee. · · is· in respect to mileage. · Mr. GOULDEN. Yes; but he is an influential member of that l\fr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, will the committee, permit me to say. gentleman yield for a moinent? · 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE.

· Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes. sustenance; they are the immediate and dependent members of Mr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. Has the gentleman con- his family. . eluded the enumeration of the increases in the various depart- Mr. J. I. NOLAN. Would it take in the Member's servants- ments? his butler and nurse? Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. No; I have not, but I can Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. No; the Government of ·do that if the gentleman would like to have it. the Unit~ States is not going to bring butlers, nurses, or cooks Mr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. I had just as lief have it to Washington. That was never intended. when we read the bill. That will suit me as well as any other Mr. J. I. NOLAN. I would like to ask the gentleman why way. a rna~ with a large family, a Member of the House of Repre- .Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I was going to insert it sentatives, should have any more consideration than a man as a part of my remarks, and not burden the committee by who is not married or has no family. going over it now. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Probably I can best an- Mr. HUl\IPHREYS of .1\fissh.:;sippi. The particular point I . swer that question by asking another. Can the tientleman tell had in mind was the Department of Justice, but it will suit me me why a man li'ing on the Pacific coast should have $1,200 just as well to discuss that when we reach it. or $1,500 more compensation than the man who lives in Mary- Mr. JOHNSON of .South Carolina. We have not only in- land or Virginia? creased the force, but the salaries of some of those on the pay 1\Ir. J. I. NOLAN. Yes; because he actually pays out that roll. I may say in a few words that the Attorney General much money. appeared before the subcommittee and stated that the Govern- 1\I;r. JOHNS01; of South Carolina. He does not pay out any ment was engaged in very important litigation, that the ablest such amount of money coming and going. lawyers in the country were employed by the great corpora- Mr. J. I. NOLAN. Then, why did not the committee put tions and those wbo were litigating with the Government, and it at 10 cents a mile, say? he felt that the force at his disposal was not sufficient for the Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. We say the actual ex- immediate requirements, and he felt that the salaries paid penses: That puts every man on an equality. were inadequate to secure the kind of talent that he desired to Mr. J. I. NOLAN. But you do not say the expenses of a have around him and to keep permanently. The subcommittee Member and his family, but you say the expenses of himself believed that the argument of the Attorney General was based and the immediate and C.ependent members of l:.is family. upon sound reasoning and decided to increase the force and to Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. If the gentleman does not increase the pay of some who were already in the force. That think that the Member ought to bring his wife and children he we will be glad to explain more fully when ;we reach the item can move to strike that out. ' under the five-minute rule. Mr. J. I. NOLAN. It may be that a good deal of this will The first item of legislation, and one that Members generally be stricken out before the bill becomes a law. are interested in, is the provision repealing the law touching Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Does not the gentleman from your compensation, or mileage, as it is commonly called. The South Carolina think that if the mileage was fixed at 10 cents general public believes that a Congressman receives 20 cents a mile that that in itself would work an inequality, when you a mile mileage, but an examination of the law will show that take into consideration that many Members have large families a Congressman receives as compensation $7,500 a year and 20 and some have none at all? cents a mile to and from his home. But, as I stated, the gen- Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes; it makes no differ­ eral public believes that this money is paid as mileage in the ence. The only way to put Members on an equality is to pay ordinary sense of that term. the actual expenses coming and going . .A.s mileage, your committee believes that 20 cents a mile each 1\fr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. If the gentleman from way can not be justified. It is the small matters t~at are :t;t~t South Carolina will pardon me, I understood the gentleman to worth contending over that give people an opportunity to cnti- state at the outset that" this was a part of the compensation of cize Congressmen for indirect efforts to increase their salary. Members. He has just stated that he had increased the com- The committee discussed 5 cents a mile, 10 cents a mile, 6 pensation of the Assistant Attorneys General and others in the cents a mile, 7 cents a mile, with a view to determining what Department of Justice, so that tbe Attorney General might would be the proper amount to pay a Member of Congress to get more efficient and competent men. I assume, therefore, come to Washington and return at the close of the session of that the committee thought when they reduced the compensa­ Congress. Some men who come to Congress have large fam- tion to Members of the House that the Members were already ilies some have small ones, and some .have none. Some .bring sufficiently efficient and competent and that there was no occa­ the inembers of their family and some do not. The committee sion to hold out any further inducement. [Laughter.] finally decided, after considering the matter as carefully as time Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Unquestionably so. we would permit, that a provision that paid the actual traveling have no criticism to offer of the House or any Member. expenses of the Member and the actual and immediate and Mr. HUI\IPHREYS of Mississippi. Not criticism, but quite a dependent members of his family, coming and going, would not compliment. do anybody injustice. We have therefore incorporated that Mr. BOOHER. Will the gentleman yield? provision in the bill for the consideration of the committee .Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Ce1·tainly. and of the House. Mr. BOOHER. I would like to ask the gentleman who is Mr. J. I. NOLAN. Will the gentleman yield? to determine who the dependent and immediate members of Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I will. the family are? How is the matter to be determined? Who Mr. J. I. NOLAl'T. Will the chairman of the subcommittee give is going to say whether my daughter or son is dependent or not the committee the benefit of his definition of the words " im- dependent? mediate and dependent members" of a man's family? Mr. BRYAN. Suppose the wife has more money than the Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I do not think there is husband. [Laughter.] any great difficulty in construing the words "immediate and 1\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. She would come under the dependent members" of a family. I do not believe that the words "immediate" member of the family. officials whose duty it will be to pass upon this question, if it 1\.fr. BOOHER. I do not think the gentleman is correct. The ever becomes a law, will have any difficulty in determining who person must not only be immediate, but a dependent, under are the immediate members who are dependent. this provision. Mr. J. I. NOLAN. I would like to get the committee's idea .1\fr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I think the important of what it had in mind when it incorporated that provision. thing is to get the law on the statute book and then we will Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. If the .gentleman wants take care of the construction of it when we get to it. We have to know why we use the words "immediate and dependent,'' I auditors and people on the pay roll of the Government who will say, suppose a gentleman is coming to Congress, and he properly construe all these statutes. says to some young lady, a friend of his daughter, " Come to 1\Ir. BOOHER. Is it true that after a Member of Congress Washington and spend the winter with us." That would not certifies that he has brought here to Washington certain de­ be an immediate and dependent member of his family. pendent and immediate members of his family that that is to be Mr. J. I. NOLAN. I had in mind the .1\Iember's wife and his questioned by some subordinate? son and his daughter. l\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. It is not to be assumed l\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. His wife, son, and daugh- that Members of Congress are not sufficiently intelligent to ter, and children would be immediate members of his family. know who are the members of their families and who are de- Mr. J. I. NOLAN. Or a niece or a nephew. pendent upon them or that they would render an account for 1\!r. JOHNSON of South Carolina. It includes the people who anybody else. live in his household who are dependent upon him; the perma- !!tir. BOOHER. T.hat may be perfectly satisfactory to the gen­ nent members of his household who a.:re d~pendent on .him for tleman, but it does not answer who is to determine that and :1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE. 6145

who is to question whether or not a certain person is a depend­ us hope, they will continue to live as they have lived heretofore ent member of the family of a Member of Congress. and travel as inexpensively as they have traveled when paying 1\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I will ask the bills themselves; but other Members traveling the same dis­ the gentleman another question. Who determines when the gen­ tance, without any departure from their accustomed ways of tleman files his account for mileage under the present law living, will turn in expense accounts for precisely the same whether it is correct or incorrect? distance two or three times as great. There you invite criticism Mr. BOOHER. Why the Committee on Mileage. You have a of Congress and scandal, and I personally would prefer, if the committee for that. committee can find any means of doing it, that they fix a 1\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Very well. We can have definite sum ~o that there will be no necessity for keeping a committee on this question, too. accounts, so that Members will not be forced to put down every Mr. GOULDEN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? item of expense. Fix it as low as you please, but let it be fixed · Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes. definitely. My reason for that is based largely on what a dis­ 1\Ir. GOULDEN. I think the mileage questions will all be tinguished and honorable gentleman, a member of the Federal settled, as the gentleman suggests, at the time it is necessary judiciary, once said to me in respect to traveling and keeping to consider them if this measure becomes a law, but I want to judicial expense accounts. He was a scrupulously exact and make this observation, and that is to commend the committee honest man, and he begged me to endeavor to have the law for bringing in an amendment of that character. I served, as amended to reduce the amount, if desired, but to fix it definitely, the gentleman knows, for four years at a salary of $5,000 a so that when a judge went from one part of the city to another year, and we had the same mileage at that time. It was thought he would not be compelled, if he were going to his court. to simply additional compensation. We are now getting $7,500 a charge the money paid for car fare or for cab hire, or something year, a 50 per cent increase, and I think the amendment pro­ of that kind. I think it would be wiser to fix a definite, posed by the committee a wise and proper one, and I hope this moderate sum, and, I think, most Members would prefer it on House will see to it that it becomes a law. There is no valid that basis. reason for the present obsolete practice of paying Members, or Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I want any officials of the Government, 20 cents a mile. When adopted to say that these are all interesting questions. We have brought in the days of stage coaches or private vehicles and small sal­ this matter before Congress and it can be amended. Personally, aries to Members it might have been justifiable, but certainly I do not think the traveling expenses ought to include anything not in this age. except actual railway fare and Pullman fare-not a drawing Mr. HUMPHREYS of Mississippi. Mr. Chairman, as I room, but an ordinary Pullman berth. understand it, mileage is now paid upon the certificate signed :Mr. SLAYDEN. Then say so in the law. by a Member and passed upon by the Committee on Mileage. Mr. CANDLER of Mississippi. :Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ This provision, as I read it, settles the controversy suggested tleman yield? by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. BooHER], if there is any Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Certainly. difficulty, It says : Mr. CANDLER of Mississippi. I just wanted to say, though The same to be paid on certificates duly approved and in the manner I do not know that it is necessary now, in view of your response heret

2 clerks, at '$1,200 each; 2 clerks, at $1,000 each: 2 clerks, at $900 assistant there, although one is needed, and the reason that each ; 2 charwomen, at $240 each. there is no assistant at the present time, as stated by the Attor­ DEPARTMENT OF STATE. ney General, is that there is no appropriation available now for A reduction is made of 1 clerk at $900. the payment of assistants to the district attorney. I want to TBEASUllY DEPARTME~T . know if that was a matter that would be provided or could be Chief clerk's office : An increase is made of 1 clerk at 2.000, 1 provided for in this bill, or would it have to be taken up when photographic copy-machine operator at $800, and for the following we ha-ve under consideration the sundry civil appropriation bill? force in the old Bureau of Engraving and Printing Building : One forewoman of char force. at 5480 ; 22 charwomen, at 240 each; Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I belie-ve the matter to 1 elevator conductor, at $720 : 3 laborers, at $500 each ; 2 female labor­ which the gentleman refers would haYe to come under the sun­ ers. at $480 each. dry civil bill. but I am not sure; but I will let him know before The pay of 1 plumher's assistant is increased from $720 to $780. Bookkeeping and Warrant Division: One executive clerk at 2,500 is we reach the item in the bill. recommended and a reduction of 1 bookkeeper at $2,000 and 1 clerk at 1\lr. HUl\IPHllEYS of Mississippi. I will be T"ery much $1,200 is made. it Customs Division : An increase of 1 clerk at $1,200 is recommended obliged, because seems to me to be a matter of importance in and a messenger boy at $360 is omitted. the northern district of Mississippi that there should be some Appointment Division : One clerk at $1,200 is omitted. provisjon made for an assistant to the district attorney. Loans and Currency Division : An increase is recommended of 1 1\Ir. ·PAYNE. Will the ~entlernan yield for a question? clerk at 1, 00, 1 clerk at $1,GOO, and 1 machine operator at 840, Revenue-Cutter Service : An increase is recommended in the salary l\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes, sir. of l law and contract clerk from $1.800 to 2,000. 1\lr. PAYNE. ' I understand the provision for the traveling Disbursing clerk's office: A reduction is made of 1 clerk at 1,000. Supervising Architect's Office : Aside from certain transfers hereto­ expenses of the President comes under the sundry ci-vil bill? fore carried under the appropriation for " General expenses, public Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes, sir. buildin~s," the following mcreases are recommended: One clerk at 1\Ir. PAY1\TE. Has the committee yet taken up that bill to $1,600. 5 clerks at $1,20.0 each, and 1 messeng'er at $840. Auditor for War Department : The salary of the auditor is increased see whether they could not fix that upon the basis of the actual from $4.000 to $5,000 to include the sum heretofore paid him out of expenses by the usual traveled route? the appropriation for constructing the Panama Canal. A reduction in Mr. JOHKSON of South Carolina. I will say to the gentle­ the office force is made as follows : Seven clerks at $1,400 each and 5 clerks at $1,200 each. man from New York that we have troubles of our own and we Auditor for Interior Department : The force is reduced as follows: do not care to borrow more. That matter is considered by Two clerks, at :1,800 each; 2 clerks, at $1,600 each ; 9 clerks, at anothe1· committee. $1,400 each ; 1 assistant messen~er, at $720. An increase is submitted of 3 clerks at $1.000 each and 3 clerks at l\Ir. PAYNE. Then this provision is purely on account of $!:>00 each. A lump sum appropriation of 14,000 is recommended for troubles of our own? compensation, on a piece-rate basis, of employees for work on tabu­ 1\fr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I understand the present lating machines. Auditor for State and Other Departments: A reduction is :recom­ Executive has used Yery little of the $25,000, so it will be cov­ mended of 2 clerks at $1,200, 1 clerk at $1,000, and 2 clerks at $900 ered into the Treasury. I reserve the balance of my time. each. 1\fr. BRYAN. If the gentleman will permit me. I notice the Auditor for Post Office Department : A reduction is recommended as follows: committee allows practically $4 apiece per month for the Sena­ One principal bookkeeper. at $2.000; 2 clerks, at $1.800 each; R tors to bathe over in the Senate Office Building all the year clerks, at $1,600 each: 4 clerks, at $1,400 each; 6 clerks, at $1,200 round, although we are not in session all the time. Does not the each ; 3 clerks, at $1,000 each ; 3 clerks, at $900 each; 3 skllled labor­ ers, at 840 each. gentleman think that $4 a month for a Senator to bathe is An increase is recommended of 5 messenger boys at $420 each. The too much, or ought it to be increased? I understand not more amount for compensation, on a piece-rate basis, is increased from than 10 per cent of the Senators use these baths. That would $166,960 to $191.130, or in the sum of 24,170. Treasurer's Office : Aside from a number of transfers made to this make it $40 a month for thos~ who use them. office from other offices a reduction is made of 2 clerks at 1,400 each. Mr. PAYNE. I want to say to the gentleman I do not think Bureau of Engraving and Printing: The following increase in force is anyone ought to object to a very liberal amount for bathing pur­ made on account of the removal of the bureau to the new building: Fourteen watchmen, at $720 each; 6 day charwomen, at $400 each : poses to the ~entlemen o-rer at the other end of the Capitol. 25 morning and evening charwomen, at $300 each; 10 laborer·, at $540 1\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I will say to the gentle­ each. n:an, by an examination of this bi11 he will find the appropria­ Secret Service Division: The salary of the Chief of the Secret Service is increased from $4,000 to $4,250. tions made for the United States Senate are very large. There Office of Director of Mint: An examiner at $3,000 is omitted. has always been a comity existing between the House of Rep­ MINTS ~\D ASSAY OFFICES. resentatives and the Senate, and the practice is that each Appropriations are omitted for the mint at Carson, Nev .• and the House will provide for its own services, pay such salaries as it assay offices at Boise, Idaho ; Deadwood, S. Dak, ; Helena, hlont. ; and believes ought to be paid, and take the responsibility before Salt Lake, Utah. New Orleans llint : A reduction is made of 1 clerk and 1 assayer's the country. We are not responsible for the salaries at the assistant at $1,200 each. Senate end of this building. _ Philadelphia JU:int: A reduction is made of 2 clerks at $1.000 each. I append here as a part of my remarks a portion of the report San Francisco Mint: A clerk at $1,000 is provided for instead of a clerk at $1,200. of tlle Committee on Appropriations : Seattle assay office : A reduction is made of 1 clerk at $1,600. HOUSE OF REPllESEXTATI\ES. The total appropriation for mints and assay offices is reduced from $1,112,!)50 to $1,059,400, a decrease of $53,550. The total number of Under authority of resolutions of the House, provision i:::: recom· salaries is reduced by 2!?. mended for the followin~ additional employees : Office of the Clerk : One messenger and assistant Journal clerk at WAn DEPAitT~IENT . $1, 00. Secretary's office: .An aduitional clerk at $1,800 is recommended and ommittee clerks: Clerk to the Committe€ on Election of President, a reduction is made of 1 clerk at $1,GOO, 2 watchmen at $GGO each, and Vice President. and Representatives, $2.000; clerk to the Committee 1 elevator conductor at $600. on Roads, 2,000; janitor to the Committee on Roads, S720. Adjutant General's Office: The salary of the chief clerk is increased Post office : Four messengers at $100 per month during the next from $2,000 to $2,250 and a reduction is made of 1 clerk at $1,200, 4 session, the same being provided for on account of the present session clerks at $1,000 each, 3 assistant messengers at $720 each, and 1 super­ in the deficiency act. intendent of buildings, at 250. Minority employees: Tbe continuance of 1 minority special em­ Signal Office: A reduction is made of 1 clerk at $1,000. plo~·cc at $1,800, authorized by a resolution, is provided for. Office of Chief, Quartermaster Corps : A reduction is made of 1 ex­ Doorkeeper's office : The salary of 1 speci.:tl employee at $1,800 is perienced builder and mechanic at $2,500, and 1 hydraulic and sanitary omitted. en~ineer at $2.000 is provided for Instead of a civil engineer at $1,800. LIDR.ARY OF COXGUESS. vrdnance Office: The salary of the chief clerk is increased from $2,000 to $2,250, a principal clerk at 2,000 is provided for, and a reduction Pronsion is made for 1 additional clerk at $1,000~, and an assist­ is made of 2 clerks at $1,200 each. ant at S1.500 is provided for in lieu of an assistant at !)00 in the Divi­ The amount authorized to be expended for personal services ont of the sion of !:;cmitic and Oriental Literature. Increases of $60 per annum appropriations for "Armament of fortifications" anu "Organized Mili­ in some of the smaller salaries of employees are recommended as tia" is increased from $50,000 to $55,000 for 1915. follows: En~irieer Office: The amount authorized to be used out of the appro­ 30 employees from ~noo to ~!)60------$1, 800 priations for "llivers and harbors" and " li'ortificatious" for personal 4 employees from ~800 to ~SGO ______240 services is increased from $42,000 to $50,400 for Hl15. 53 employec:s from 720 to •. 7 0------3,180 Bureau of Insular Affairs: A reduction is made of 3 clerks at $1,000 1 employee from $600 to G60 ______60 each. 10 employees from $540 to ~woo ______600 STATE, WAll, AND NAVY DEPARTMENT BUILDTXG$. 1 employee from $520 to :£580------60 A reduction is made of nine watchmen at $720 each. 8 employees from $480 to ~540------480 28 employees frem $360 to 420------1,680 NAI'"Y DEPARTMENT. Secretary's office : A private secretary to the Assistant Secretary of 135 in all------~------8,100 the Navy at $2,000 is recommended and a reduction is made of one EXECUTIVE OFFICE. clerk at $1,800. INTERIOR DEPAUT:llENT. The salaries of 2 con·espondents are increased from ~2,2GO to $2,500 each, a clerk at 1,600 instead of 1 at • 1,400, and a cferk at $1,200 Indian Office : An increase is recommended as follows : instead of a clerk and messenger at $1,000, are pro\ided for. Two clerks, at $1,GOO each; 4 clerks, at $1,400 each; 7 clc:~s, at $1 200 each. Cl\II, SERVICE COMMISSIOX. Pension Office : A reduction is recommended as follows: The following additional employees are authorized: Ten principal examiners, at $2,000 each; 10 clerk!'!, at $1,800 each ; One clerk, at $1,800; 1 clerk, at $1,600; 2 clerks, at $1,400 each ; 15 clerks, at $1,600 each; 25 clerks, at $1,400 each; 45 clerks, ~t $1,200 I

1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6147

each; 21 clerks, at $1,000 each; 4 copyists, at $900 each; 45 special compensation of such additional number of employees ns may be neces­ examiners, at 1,300 each. · sary to tabulate by the use of mechanical devices the accounts and A provision is recommended requiring the Commissioner of Pensions vouchers of the Interior Department: Pro1;idea tttrther, That under snch to reorganize the finance division and the office of the disbursing clerk rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe, for the payment of pensions so as to eliminate useless work and prevent piece-rate employees in the Office of the Auditor for the Interior De:. duplication of labor. partment shall be entitled to the same leave of absence with pay as is '!'he provision heretofore prohibiting the filling of more than 25 per provided by law for clerks and employees in the exeeutive departments cent of the vacancies occurring in the Pension Office is continued for in Washington. The pay of any piece-rate employee during such leave the fiscal yenr 1915. shall be determined by the average quantity of work done by such Patent Office : A first assistant examiner of trade-marks and designs employee and the pay therefor. at $2,400 is recommended, 3 laborers at $480 each are omitted, and On page 47, with reference to the Treasurer's Office: an increase in the pay of 42 laborers from $4SO to $540 each and of "And the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorizt>d to transfer 40 messenger boys from $~60 to $420 each is recommended. and appoint in the office of the Treasurer of the United States such of Bureau of Education : An increase is recommended of 1 tmnslator at the employees, in his discretion, as are now employed in said office $1,800, 2 clerks at $1.800 each. 1 clerk at $1,600, and 1 clerk at under details authorized by the act of M-arch 4. 1913." $1,400. The appropriation for the investigation of rural and indus- On page 54: trial education is increased from $15,000 to $30,000. • " In addition to the offices of the four auditors of the Treasurv re­ POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. quired to be removed to the old building of the Bureau of Engr:i vlng and Printing, the General Supply Committee and offices of the Treasury An additional assistant attorney at $2,500 is recommended in the now occupying rented quarters, and such other offices or parts of offices division of the Assistant Attorney General for the department.. of the Treasury Department as the Secretary of the Tr<'asury may de­ Provision is made for 77 employees, includin" assistant engmeers, termine, shall 'be removed thereto ; and the· Bureau of Engraving and electricians, elevator conductors, watchmen, laborers, and charwomen, Printing shall entirely vacn.te all cf 5aid buildin.,"'B on or before June wHh salaries amounting to $48,540, for the new Washington City post­ 1, 1914." office building. On page 67: The Topography Division is omitted and its duties and employees " Hereafter the estimates for expenses of government in the Terri­ consolidated with tile Division of Supplies. tories shall be submitted through and be subject to revision by the Tl1 e clerical and other force of employet>s in certain offices of the Deoartment of the Interior." department is reot·ganized, resulting in a net reduction of G6 employees, On page 98: with salaries amounting to $43.250, for the fiscal year 1914, as com­ "The Commissioner of Pensions shall. on or before July 1, 1914, re­ pared with the ensuing year 1!)15. arrange the finance division· and the office of tbe disbursing clerk for In accordance with the recommendation of the department, the salary the payment of pensions in the Pension Office and reorganize the forces of the Director of the Postal Savings System Is reduced from $5,000. t!> employed therein so as to eliminate useless work and prevent duplica­ $4,800 and the salary of the Superintendent of the Money-Order DiVI­ tion of labor." sion is reduced from .$3,500 to $2.750. On page 99: DEPARTME~T OF JUSTICE. " The First As istant Commissioner of Patents and the Assistant Commissioner of Patents shall hereafter pefform such duties pertain­ Attorney General's Office: The salaries of 6 Assistant Attorneys Gen­ ing to the office of Commissioner of Patents as may be assip:ned to them, eral are increased from 5.000 to $6.000 each. An incre.·Fe is recom­ resoectively, from time to time by the Commissioner of Patents." mended of 2 attorneys, at $3,500 each; 2 attorneys, at $3.v00 each; 3 On page 114, with reference to the Solicitor for the Department of clerks, at $1,400 each; 4 clerks. at $1,200 each; 3 clerks. at 1,000 the Interior : each ; and 1 messenger, at $840. A reduction is recommended of 1 up1'01:ided, That this change of tltle shall not afl'ect the status of the clerk, at $1,800, and 5 clerks, at 900 each. The salary of the clerk present incumbent or require his reappointment." to the Attorney General is increased from $1,600 to $1,800. On page 114, with reference to the Solicitor for the Post Office Solicitor for Department of Labor: An increase is recommended of 1 Department : clerk, at $1,800, and 1 messenger, at $840. uprot:ided, That this change of title shall not afl'ect the status of the . DEPART3H"J:' T OF CO!I[JIIERCE. present incumbent or require his reappointment" Secretary's office : An increase is recommended of 1 elevator con­ On pnge 129: ductor, at $720, and 7 charwomen, at $240 each. "Apprentices in the Bureau of Standards may be promoted after Census Office: A reduction is recommended as follows: 1 clerk, satisfactory apprenticeship, with the approval of the Civil Service Com· $1.200 ; 1 electrician, $1,000; 1 skilled laborer, 1,000; 1 skilled laborer, mission, to positions corresponding to the journeyman grades for which $900; 5 skilled laborers, at $720 eaeh; 4 watchmen, at 720 each; 2 their duties logically prepare them without regard to apportionment: firemen, at $720 each; 5 unskilled laborers, at $720 each; 9 charwomen, Pro1:ided, 'Ih.at they thus acquire no rights to transfer to other lines of at $240 each. work." Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce : The salary of the chief On page 133, with reference to rent for the Census Office : of the bureau is increased from $4.000 to $6,000, and the salary of 2 " * * * and the Secretary of Commerce is authorized to enter assistant chiefs of the bureau are increased from $3,000 to $3,500 and into a contract for the lease. :tor a period not to exceed five years, from $2,750 to $3,000, respectively. of a modern fireproof office building or modern fireproof addition to the An increase is recommended of 1 translator. at $2,000; 2 clerks. at present Department of Commerce Building. containing ·no less than $1,800 each ; 1 clerk, at $1,600; 1 clerk, at $1,400 ; 4 clerks, at $900 50,000 square feet of available floor space for use of the Census Office, each; and n reduction is made of 2 clerks, at $1.000 each; 1 messenger. at an annuai ·rental at a rate per squru.·e foot of available floor space at 840; 2 assi tant messengers, at $720 each; 2 laborers, at $060 not to exceed 35 cents." each; and 1 laborer, at 480. On pages 143, 144, 145: A .new appropriation of $50,000 is recommended for promoting com­ " SEc. 4. That no part of any money appronrln.ted by this or any merce in South and Central America, includine: the employment of ex­ other act shall be used during the fiscal year 1915 for the purchase of perts and special ap:ents; also the sum of $100,000 for commercial at­ any typewriting machine at a price in excess of the lowest price paid tach~s to be accredited through the State Department, to investigate by the Gov~rnment of the United States for the same make and model and report on conditions in the manufacturing industries and trade o! of machine during the pertod of the fiscal years 1913 and 1914; such foreign countries as may be of interest to the United States. price shall include the value of any typewriting machine or machines Steamboat-Inspection Service: One clerk, at $900, and a traveling given in exchange, but shall not .apply to special prices granted on inspector, at 2,500, are recommended. typewriting machines used in schools of the Distl'ict of Columbia or Bureau of Standards: An increase is recommended of 1 elevator boy, of the Indian Set-vice, the lowest of which special prices paid for type­ at $360 ; 1 woodworker, at $1,000 ; and 1 photographer, at $1,200, writing machines shall not be exceeded in future purchases for such DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. schools. " Within 30 days after the passage of this act the President shall Secretary's office : An increase is recommended as follows : appoint a board, consisting of three persons in the employment of the One clerk, at $1,800; 1 clerk, at $1,600; 1 clerk. at $1,400; 2 clerks, Government, who shall serve without additional compensation, and two at $1,200 each; 1 clerk, at $1,000; 1 clerk, at 900; 1 telephone oper­ of whom shall be experienced in mechllllical manufacturing; it shall be ator, at $720; 2 assistant messengers, at $720 each; 1 mes.sen~er boy, the duty of said board to make an investigation of typewriting and at $480; 1 engineer, at $1.000; 1 skilled laborer, at 840; 3 laborers, other machines of like character and to fix a mechanical standard to at $660; 1 watchman, at 720 ; 3 charwomen, at $240 each; 2 elevator be required for typewriting machines for each class of work in the conductors, at 720 each. . public service requiring the use of such machines ; it shall also ascertain Bureau of Naturalization : The salary of the commissioner is increased and report as nearly as may be practicable the probable maximum cost from $3,500 to $4,000 and the deputy commissioner from $3,000 to of producing each such machine, based upon sllch mechanical standard, $3,250. An increa e is recommended of 1 clerk at $1,400, 3 clerks at and shall communicate tbe same to Congress through the Secretttry of $1,200, and 1 clerk at $1,000. the 1'reasury at the beginning of its next session. LIMITATIONS, "The head of every executive department and other Government establishment shall transmit to Congress, on the first day o! its next Limitations with respect to expenditures or legislative provu:aons session, a statement showing, for the first three months of the fiscal within clause 2 of Rule XXI of the House, not heretofore enacted, are year l!H5, the following relative to typewriting machines purchased recommended as follows : ; during that period: The model, character, contract price, and make On page 2: of each machine purchased; the model, cllaracte1·, amount allowed, and " Hereafter, in lieu of the mileage now authorized by law, each make of each machine gtven in exchange; total numbet· purchased and Senator, Representative, Delegate, and Resident Commissioner shall be total number given in exchange; aggregate cost, aggregate allowance on entitled to and be paid the traveling expenses, including the traveling exchanges, and aggregate net cost of all machines. And there .shall be expenses of immediate and dependent members of their respective submitted to Congress, on the first day of the session following the families, actually incurred in going to and returning once from each close of the fiscal year 1915, statements of all of the foregoing facto; session of Congress by the nearest route usually traveled, the same to for the entire period of that fiscal year." be paid on certificates duly approved as in the manner heretofore pre­ On page 145: scribed for the payment of mileage." " SEC. 5. That appropriations made in this or any- other act shall not On page 32: be available for purchase, maintenance, or repah· of motor-propelled "The operation of the Executive order of 1\farch 20, 1912, for the annual submission to the Civil Service Commission of an outline of vehicles unless specific authority be granted by law for such purchase, organlzation of the Government of the United States is suspended until maintenance, Ol' repair, or unless authority therefor be specifically otllerwise provided by law." . stated in any appropriation used for such purposes." On page 42, with reference to piece-rate employees in the Office of IlECAPITOLATION. the Auditor for the Interior Department: "Pro'Licled, '!'hat the Secretary of the Treasury may, during the fiscal As a part of this report there is submitted a comparative statement year 1015. in his discretion, diminish the number of positions of the showing in parallel columns as to each item in the bill the current grades below that of clerk at $1,200 per annum in the Office of the appropriation, the amount estimated for 1915, and the sum ret:om­ Auditor for the Interior Department and use the unexpended balances mended in the bill for that year, together with the number of salarie:s of the appropriation for the positions so diminished as a fund to pay, in each offic.e or bureau and in the aggregate in each department unde1· on a piece-rate basis, to be fixed by the Secretary of the Treasury, the the three conditions mentioned. - 6148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2,

:Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I reserve the balance of haps the provision which the committee has adopted is as my time. good a provision as can be found. But whatever provision is .Mr. GOOD. .Mr. Chairman, 50 years ago, when Gen. Garfield, adopted, there will be those who will find points of criticism. of Ohio, chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, re­ There is another provision of the bill which I was in hopes ported the bill making appropriations for the le~islative, execu­ would receive a little kinder treatment at the hands of the tive and judicial expenditures of the Government, he made the committee, and that was the one in regard to the Children's obs;rvation that if a deluge should destroy all the history of Bureau. One hundred and six thousand dollars was asked this this country, after the waters had receded and dry land had year for this great department of the Government and in addi­ reappeared and there only remained the annual budgets of the tion $48,000 for contingent expenses. We gave them, as I Congress, from them alone the future historian could write a recall, about $25,400, the same appropriation that was given true and correct history of our country. A review of the annual to them last year, with nothing for contingent expenses. It appropriation bills that have been reported to this House within must be remembered that this is a new department of the the last few years is a magnificent tribute to the wonderfu.l Government, and increases should be gradual. When we con­ advancement which our country has made in all the arts and sider the great work of this bureau and consider what we are sciences. But, 1\Ir. Chairman, it also reveals to my mind a great doing to protect the agricultural interest of the country from weakness. While the country has advanced by leaps and the ravages of insects and bugs, and then remember that we bounds, Congress has not kept pace with this great devel~pment are only giving $26.000 a year in the prosecution of this great of our countrJ in meeting the demands of our people .wi_th r.e­ work, it seems to me that it is inadequate, when we consider gard to legislation. One of the reasons for our d~rellcbon 1~ the great objects of the bureau as well as its power for good. this respect is found in the fact that we are followmg an anti­ Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Will the gentleman yield? quated system in making appropriations. The CHAIRMAN (Mr. GARRET').' of Texas). Will the gentle­ Mr. Chairman, hearings on the bill which we now have under man from Iowa yield to the gentleman from Tennessee? consideration were taken up by the subcommittee on the 14th Mr. GOOD. I yield to the gentleman. . day of January and hearings were he1d almost daily for almost Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. The gentleman recalls, of course, a month and fi~aiJy concluded on the 9th day of March. If this that the items of expense for that bureau are fixed by statute? subcommittee follows the same course that it adopted two years Mr. GOOD. Yes. ago, it will be necessary about ~e 1st of next November for Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. And any incxease of appropria­ this subcommittee again to hold hearings and pass on the same tion would have been subject to a point of order, even if the identical items for 1916 which we passed on in the bill before committee had recommended it? us for the year 1915. The making and passing of an annual Mr. GOOD. Any increase except the increase for contingent budget is a great waste of time and money. It is all the more expenses, and a few things of that kind. regrettable when we remember that this time could be so well :Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. But the gentleman will recall that spent considering remedial legislation. There are too many the $106,640 recommended over and above the $26,000 as being people who feel that the Congress should be kept busy most of used during this year, was for personal expenses of the bureau, the time on supply bills, but this reactionary doctrine will soon and therefore clearly subject to a point of order. be a thing of the past. . . Mr. GOOD. I do not think all of it was subject to a point of We now appropriate every year more than a billiOn doll~rs order. I think most of it was. There were some clerks, as I for carrying on the work of the Government. ~h~se a~propria­ recall, that would be subject to a point of order. But the gen­ tions are contained in 14 or 15 great appropriation bills, and tleman is right in: the main. Practically all of the increases aside from the tremendous loss of time in considering these bills asked for would be subject to a point of order. Fifty-eight annually, hearing the same witnesses year aft~r ye~r on the thousand dollars was asked for contingent expenses, for which same identical items, there is a great expense m taking down we allowed nothing, and no part of which would be subject to a and printing these hearings. After these bi11s are annually point of order, of course. reported more than six weeks o . solid time of the House ~s Mr. Speaker, there are some other provisions of the bill with consumed in consideration and debate on the floor of this which I am not in accord. I do not believe that we ought to House. strike the blow that Congress has already struck right at the I have hoped that some one on that side of the House would roots of the civil service of this country. When the tariff bill introduce in this Congress a bill making these appropriations placed within the power of the Treasury Department the ap­ for a biennial period instead of annually, so that these great pointment of deputy collectors without regard to the civil-service questions that are now pending before the various com~ittees of rules, it was, to my mind, a great mistake. In this bill in Congress in bills that can not, because of the lack of time, have appropriating money for persons who are to do that work it the deliberation and consideration of thts House and of Congress. has occurred to me that we ought to limit the payment to those If we could make this change, we could save at least six weeks only who have been appointed as the result of a civil-service of the time of the House at each short session of Congress. examination. That Congress could do something, then, other than to consi~er Mr. Chairman, I now yield five minutes to the gentleman from only supply bills. West Virginia [Mr. Moss]. Mr. Chairman, the bill which we have before us is, in my Mr. MOSS of West Virginia. Mr. Chairman, as a part of my humble judgment, a good bill. I want to say just a word in remarks I would like to ask the Clerk to read a resolution which regard to the manner in which the chairman of the subcom­ I wish to offer through regular channels. mittee .Mr. JoHNSON of South Carolina, conducted the hearings. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read the resolution. Day after day he sat in the committee room patiently listening The Clerk read as follows : to the testimony of witness after witness who appeared before Whereas this House has enacted into law a bill introduced by Mr. Srl!s the committee and when the time came for decision regarding on the 9th day of March, 1914, to repeal the following provision, to wit: " No tolls shall be levied upon vessels engaged in the coastwise hundreds of dlsputed items, without fear or favor and with a trade of the United States," contained in section 5 of an act entitled sincere desire to observe the spirit as well as the letter of his "An act to provide for the opening, maintenance, protection, and oath of office, he struck down a proposed advance where it operation of the Panama Canal and the sanitation of the Canal Zone," approved August 24, 1912 ; and was wrong just as freely and willingly as he gave an increase Whereas a due and formal protest on the part of the Government of in !::alary where it was meritorious. [Applause.] Great Britain to this Government was filed against such exemption clause on the ground that it violated what is known as the Hay­ There are some provisions in the bill with which I do not Pauncefote treaty, concluded between the high contracting parties on agree. I regret that there were appropriations asked for that September 18, 1901 ; and were not granted, but in the main I think the bill is a very good Whereas there is a difference of opinion between Great Britain and the United States as to the proper construction and meaning of said one. I do not agree with the majority of the committee with treaty, relating to the right of the United States to exempt such ves· regard to this question of mileage. I do not see why one part sels, and it is desired, as a matter of international courtesy, to enter of our compensation should be cut off and the other part into negotiations with the said Government of Great Britain for the remain. Undet· the decisions of this House the mileage is a peaceful and proper settlement of the question so pending. There· fore be it part of the compensation of a Member; if we desire to reduce Resolved by the House of Representatives, That it is the sense of the our compensation, Jet us do it and not play politics over such House of Representatives of the United States that the enactment by reduction. it of the said Sims bill and the repeal by it of the said clause granting such exemption are in furtherance of the desire of the United States to I recognize that there is an inequality in the law that gives facilitate such negotiations between said two Governments, and are in to a Member from the Pacific coast $1,200 a year of compensation, no sense to be construed as waiving or denying any right possessed by that is denied to a Member from Virginia, for instance. This the United States to grant exemption from tolls to her vessels of war inequality exists by reason of the present law fixing salaries and commerce. of 1\fembe.rs. If we are to change the law and cut off a portion Mr. MOSS of West Virginia. Mr. Chairman, I appreciat~ of the compensation to Members and grant instead only the the courtesy of being permitted to speak on this at the present actual expenses of traveling to and from Washington, per- time, and I want to assure the House that nothing that I shall 1914. CONG!tESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE. 6149

say can be construed as partisan or as wishing to revive the 1\fr. GORDON. If that is so, why has not that terror struck controversy which has just ended. the American people before? The more I think on this subject, and the more I study it, 1\Ir. MOORE. It has struck them before; it struck them so however, it seems to me that this House, now that the smoke hard in the days of Grover Cleveland that tliey did not forget of battle has blown away, should in some way clearly indicate it until the gentleman arrived in Congress. He and his younger that by the repeal of this law it does not express an opinion constituents probably imagined that because the country had one way or the other on this question of the construction of been restored to a prosperous condition under wjse Republican the treaty. legislation it would always be so, and that conditions could be Now, this is not a privileged resolution, but I wanted to call changed at will by mere dreamers in tariff matters. [Applnuse it to the attention of the House, and I presume it will be re­ on the Republican side.] ferred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. I sincerely trust UNEMPLOYED PROBLE~f AGAIY. that the said committee will act upon that resotution one way Now, Mr. Chairman, since this agitation began, and particu­ or the other at an early date. It seems to ·me, Mr. -Chairman. larly since the passage of the Underwood law, there has been that the sense of this HoUEe as embodied in that resolution, this condition of nonemployment, concerning whi MOORE. Is the gentleman from Tennessee speaking in tleman's idea as to the reduction of those rates when tolls will the mterest of the farmer, whose prices have gone. down ot: be ch:u:ged on the American coastwise shipping passing through is he speaking in the interest of the consumer, whose ·pr:ices the cnnal below the reduction that l).as already taken place in have gone up? · · . · . , railroad rates. 1\!r. SL\IS. I am speaking of the prices of farm products. Mr. l\IOORE. The gentleman will have to stat~ his pesitipn DEUOCR.A_TS STILL SEARCHING FOR A REMEDY. a little more clearly to get himself within the purview of my 1\!r. 1\!00RE. That was the question you Democrats were' tariff argument. going to settle for the farmer, and the consumer, too, when yon 1\Ir. BRYAN. I guess that is true. passed the Underwood bill; but that question is not settled and Ur. MOORE. Appa~cntly the Republican Party was wrong is more serious to both producer and consumer to-day than it !n the eyes of the Democracy and many of the younger men of was when you made your arguments in this Hall a year ago; the Kation in the last campaign for maintaining too much pros­ The farmer generally has been getting less for his products and perity. Because of other conditions and without regard to the the man who buys them has been paying more. ·Did your bill tariff. the cost of living had increased the world over, but our remedy that situation? _ friends on the other side made much of it and insisted that it was · 1\!r. SIMS. Did that condition exist before the bill was due in the United States to Republican mismanagement and pa~d? ~ to the operation of Republican protection. That which kept us 1\ir. MOORE. I do not th~nk it did; but you did not have the prosperous was declared to be the sum of all evil. remedy, whether it did or did not · COST OF LIVING HAS NOT BEEN REDUCED. Mr. SIMS. How could we have a remedy if the condition did 1\lr. :MADDEN. How much has the cost of living been low­ not exist? · ered since the passage of the Underwood bill? Mr. 1\I~ORE. Apparently you do not know the remedy, and 1\Ir. 1\IOORE. It has not been lowered. On the contrary, it your tariff-for-revenue law does not cover it. ·You are trying has continued to rise from the day the Underwood bill passed. to find it now in antitrust bills and other legislation which con­ Those who opposed the Republican Party upon that ground in tinue to harass the publfc. You do not know the remedy. You the last campaign did so in spite of a wise administration and did not know it then, and you do not know it now. a real prosperity that the country is not enjoying now. The NO HORSE MEAT FOR FOOD IN AMERICA YET. truth of the matter is that the tariff had nothing to do with the Mr. FOWLER. Will the gentleman yield for a question! increase in the cost of living. That was a world-wide condi­ 1\:fr. 1\iOORE. I yield to my genial friend from .Illinois. tion ·that came naturally and logically along with other events. Mr. FOWLER. The gentleman says that the protective tarjff It may have produced certain inequalities, subject to local regu­ in America has had nothing to do with the increased cost in' lation, but the tariff was not to blame. living. I desir.e to ask the gentleman if it is not a fact that the· 1\fr. COPLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield to me rate of increase within the last 12 years in America has been for a question? greater than that in any other country in the world except one? The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? 1\ir. MOORE. No. . 1\Ir. 1\IOORE. Yes; I yield to the gentleman from Illinois. 1\Ir. FOWLER. I will put in the REcoRD statistics to 'sliow· 1\Ir. COPLEY. Has the cost of living been reduced any since that it has. · the Undetwood tariff bill went into effect? 1\Ir. 1\IOORE. I think the gentleman will find that even the M1·. 1\IOORE. It has not. I just answered that question. price of horse meat for consumers in Fi.'ance, ~elgium, and Ger­ The cost of living has not been reduced. The cost of living many has gone up coordinately with other foodstuffs in the last has constantly and steadily increased. Here is a recent report of 10 years, and we have not yet .come to that pass in' the United the existing Department of Labor, created by the aid of Re­ States where we have got to eat horse meat. I believe once ·in· publican votes, but organized by a Democtatic administration, a while goat meat does get in. [Laughter.] which demonstrates clearly that during the past year the cost Mr. COPLEY. Does not the gentleman believe we ·are headed of living to the consumer of commodities everywhere in this that way? country has gone up. And if there be any better evidence than 1\Ir. MOORE. I think we are, under this administration; yes. that of a man's own home and fireside, ot any better evidence Mr. SIMS. If that is so, then the price of horses will go up, than that afforded by purchases made by his own wife, I would and the farmer will get something out of it. · · like to know lt, because my wife tells me, after keeping a car•eful THE AGUICULTURIST l\rr!AR . THE CITY, account of domestic expenditures, that the price of beefsteak Mr. GOULDEN. Will my friend yield 1 and pork chops and other food supplies has constantly increased 1\Ir. 1\IOORE. I yield to my frlend from New York. since the beginning of the Democratic administration. Let any 1\Ir. GOULDEN. I know· the gentleman is an ngriculturist. man who doubts it consult his own pocketbook. He says that the price ·of farm products has gone down, an·d l\11'. MADDEN. And since the passage of the Democratic that the price to the consumer in· the city has gone up. I hope tariff bill? he will enlighten us how and iii what particular farm products "h!r:. MOORE. Yes; I have already said that, and I presume have gone down in price. I happen to be a farmer selling as the truth is unfolded by practical e,x:perience to those who farm products, like the gentleman himself, a-nd I hope he will lGok for a reduction in the cost of living under a Democratic enlighten this House wherein farm products have gone down, system the next campaign will result in sending back here because mine have not gone down. · enough Republicans to change this tariff-for-revenue system Mr. l\lOORE. I get the gentleman's point exactly. The that .has undermined the industries of the country and inter­ gentleman is one of those agriculturists who reads the farm fered with the employment of our people. [Applause.] journals very carefully and possibly cuts out all the ·l1atent­ WAGES REDUCED-LIVING COST SOARS. medicine advertisements; then he goes down to his little farm Mr. :MADDEN. What does the gentleman say as to the oppor­ next door to the city of Baltimore, where he gets the Baltimore tunity that the masses of the people of the country have had for papers in the morning, to find out what the retail price is; and increased employment and increased wages to meet this in­ then jumps into his market wagon and drives into Baltimore creased cost of living since the operation of the Underwood ~nd gets the good old retail price. [Laughter.] But if tlle tariff law? · _ , gentleman lived out in Nebraska and had· to get his corn into ~fr. MOORE. Why, the gentleman well remembers what we Philadelphia or Baltimore, he would have a different story 'to peard about the "burden upon the backs of the American tell; or if he had to Jay his ·eggs by from April to December people," that wns supposed to be placed there. by a Republican or get some storage man to do it, it. would not be so easy. protecUre tariff. If such a " burden " ever existed as we heard There is a vast difference between being a real farmer and so often in this House during the last four years, it llas since a gentleman agriculturist. · been increased 100 per cent, not only by raising the cost of living Mr. GOULDEN. The gentleman's explanation is in keeping that the consumer has had to pay, but by reducing the wage he witll his knowledge of actual farming and of the prices secured earns with which to pay the cost of living. He has been saddled by the farmers of this country for their products. [Laughter.] with a double burden by reason of the infernal system of MULE MEAT AXD DO~KEY MEAT ALSO SUGGESTED. cheapness that was placed upon his back under the pretense 1\Ir. BUCHANAN of Illinois. :Mr. Chairman-·- that the "burden" of prosperity was to be removed. The CHAJRl\IAN. Does tile gentleman from Pennsylvania .Mr. SIMS. May I ask the gentleman a question 'l yield to the gentleman from Illlnois? CONGRESSIONAL ~RECORD-HOUSE. 6151

Mr. MOORE. I do. · Mr. MOORE. If· the laboring men in great Britain are not Mr. BUCHANAN of illinois. Does the gentleman think that more thoroughly organized than they are in the United States? the Democratic Party is responsible for the increased price of Mr. BUCHANAN of illinois. I do not think so. · ho"rse meat in foreign countries? Mr. MOORE. It has been admitted by Secretary of Labor Mr. MOORE. Relatively, yes. [Laughter.] Wilson and by Mr. Morrison, of the American Federation of Mr. HELVERING. Will the gentleman yield? Labor. I ask the gentleman why it is that organized labor, Mr. MOORE. Pardon me a moment, please. I said to the which is more thoroughly organized in Great Britain, can only gentleman from Illinois yes, relatively, the Democratic Party get one-half . the wages that organized or even unorganized is responsible. The Democratic Party is essentially a party of labor can get in the United States? low wage~ 1. The Republican Party is decidedly a party of high 1\Ir. BUCHANAN of Illinois. Because they are only half as wages. Vlill the gentleman bear that in mind? We believe efficient. in high prices both in wages and in products. The Democratic 1\Ir. 1\IOORE. With all respect to the gentleman from Illi­ Party has trained with Great Britain, Germany, and France on nois, he simply does not know what he is talking about. the wage question, and it trains with them on the price ques­ 1\fr. BUCHANAN of illinois. The gentleman from Pennsyl­ tion. You believe in low prices, we believe in good prices, and vania is mistaken; I do know what I am talking about. if you have low prices, which enable people to get nothing EUROPEAN CHILD LABOR. better than horse meat in Belgium and France, we in the Mr. MOORE. ~'he gentleman may know about the structural United States believe in having sirloin of beef if we can only ironworkers, but he does not know the history of the textile earn enough money to buy it. industry in Germany and Great Britain. Did the gentleman l\fr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. Have they begun to eat mules hear the gentleman from New York [Mr. 1\IETz], of his own anywhere yet? party, on the floor the other day, when he said that the men Mr. MOORE. They do say the Missouri mule is an animal and women in the German mills work side by side with the of very fine quality, but I am not authorized to speak for that State. children, and that the child takes the place of the parent and Mr. KAHN. How about the Democratic donkey? the grandparent, and that the efficiency of the workmen is thus Mr. MOORE. Very good eating-perhaps. . And so long as maintained all along and down the line? Did not the gentle­ the question has arisen, especially in view of the promise that man from New York also say that the American textile worker . the free listing of beef would give us cheaper beef for the was forever and constantly looking for some other place be­ dinner table, let me put in the RECORD a statement from the . cause of the restlessness of his nature and his desire to do so-called Beef Trust, the octopus that was to be shorn of its something better for himself? tentacles by the Democratic tariff bill. I quote from one of Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. I want to say to the gentleman yesterday's papers: that from the information which I have and which I think is re­ NO CHEAP MEAT SAYS ARl\IOUR-HIGH PRICE TO CONTINUE ALL SUMMER, liable, the labor cost of the construction of a building in London PREDICTS PACKER. 0;\UHA, April 1. by-American workmen is cheaper than it is in London by London Ogden .Armour, head of the packing interests, takes a gloomy view building craftsmen at their scale of wages. of business conditions. FOREIGN VERSUS AMEniCAN WAGES. Mr. Armour has been making a tour of inspection of his packing Mr. MOORE. Mr. Chairman, as the gentleman puts it, that houses and spent yesterday in Omaha. "There may be some improve­ ment this spring," he said, " but I see no reason for believing that there is an unusual statement. I do not believe American workmen will be any change for the better soon. Crop conditions I find splendid. work in Great Britain for less than the British workmen do. There seems sufficient moisture in the ground to assure good yields. " I do not look for a drop in prices of meats, either this summer or Some building-trades wage figures reported by the Bureau of even next winter," he added. "There will be no reduction in prices of Labor in March, 1911, as coming from the British Board of . fresh meat until there are more cattle in this country." Trade apply to the question raised by the gentleman from Illi­ Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. Of course all of the Republi­ nois [Mr. BucHANAN] and I shall insert them. cans do not believe in a protective tariff; but the Republican Predominant range of weekly wages in certain occupations in S1Jecifi,ea protectionists argue in favor of high protection to keep up the indttstries, by cot~ntr·i es . [Compiled from reports of an inquiry by the board of trade into work­ price of the commodity so they could pay higher wages. The ing-class rents. hausing, and retail prices, together with rates of tariff was reduced and the price still remains. Does not that wages in certain occu8ations in the principal industrial towns of the rather take the ground from under the argument that the high United Kingdom, 19 8 ; Germany, 1908; France, 1909 ; Belgium, tariff kept up the price of the commodity. so that the manu­ 1910; United States, 1911.] facturer could pay higher wages? Building trades. Mr. MOORE. No; it does not. If abuses creep in under the tariff, the tariff itself is not at fault. Under a protective sys­ Countries. tem, as we understand it in the United States, wages are always Bricklayers. Stonemasons. Carpenters. Joiners. higher than they are when we admit cheap-made foreign goods. A man is better off when he is working than when he is out of England and Wales (exclud- work. Protection helps to keep him employed by giving encour­ ing London)...... $9.12--$9. 85 $9. 04-$9. 57 $8. 80-$9. 57 $8. S0-$9. 57 agement to those who employ him. If the tariff comes down Germany (excluding Berlin). 1 6. 55- 7. 60 (2) 6. 55- 7. 60 ...... France...... 5.25- 7.02 5. 25- 7. 02 5. 84- 7. 36 5. 7 - 6. 43 and the price remains up, it may be due to local manipulation, Bel~ium ...... _...... 1 5. 05- 5. 84 (2) 4. 91- 6.14 4. 97- 5. 70 but it is not due to the tariff itself. In such an event the Gov­ Umted States...... 26.77-30.42 23. 42-26. 77 16. 73-21. 90 16. 73-21. 90 ernment loses its revenue and the laborer is not benefited. What the gentleman complains of is a matter for regulation at home. Breaking down American protection against foreign­ Building trades. made commodities will not help any. THE TARIFF AND ORGANIZED LABOR. Countries. Hod car­ riers and Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. Does not the gentleman know Plasterers. Plumbers. Painters. bricklayers' that the only thing that kept wages up was organized labor, and laborers. that all these tariff beneficiaries have been working against labor and trying to crush it down? England and Wales (exclud- Mr. MOORE. Does the gentleman tell me that under the ing London) ...... $8.88-$10.14 $8. 60-$9. 67 S7. 66-$9.12 $5. 9"..-i6. 57 Democratic system for which he stands organized labor or un­ Germany (excluding Berlin) ...... 5. 84- 6. 93 5. 84- 7. 22 4. 74- 5. 84 France .. _...... 5. 78- 7.06 5. 84- 7. 02 5. 21- 6. 43 3. 85- 4. s~ organized labor is generally employed in this country to-day? Belgium...... 5.01- 5.96 4. 91- 5. 70 4. 56- 5. 25 3. 6.5- 4. :t. Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. I have not that information. :Mr. MOORE. Then may I ask the gentleman, who speaks England and Wales (exclud- for organized labor as well as for Democracy, if the British ing London)...... $7. 79-$8. 76 $7.79-$8. 76 $7.79-$8. 76 ~8. 27--$9. 25 workingmen are not more thoroughly organized than they are Germany (excluding Berlin). 6. 33- 7. 79 6. 57- 8. 03 6. 93- 8. 03 6. 2{}-- 7. 30 France...... 5.84- 7.02 5. 84- 7. 42 6.12- 7. 73 6. 20- 7. 24 in the United States? I am putting the question to the gen­ Belgium ..... _...... 4. 81- 5. 56 4. 99- 5. 92 4. 89- 5. 96 4. 77- 5. 84 tlernant as a fair question; because he is an expert. United States...... 15.41-18.13 15. 41-18.13 16.47-20.76 18. 13-22.30 1\lr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. What is the gentleman's last question? ~Including stonemasons. 2 Included in bricklayers. ' LI-388 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE.

Predo1nimin't nmge ot icef!'kly wagmJ it~ vertain occupations in specified to nonemployment. Business men do not know where they are industries, by countt'ies-Continued. at now. That necessarily affects the wage-earner. As to the gentleman's Chicago building troubles, I can only suggest to the Engineering _p • ting gentleman that lowering or raising the tariff on buildings could trades. tra~Hand C:ountries. 1---~ 1 compositors not have cut a very great figure, because we have not yet de­ Laborers. Oob work). veloped sufficiently to import buildings from abrond. His Chi­ cago trouble was a financial, not a tariff trouble. TR'OE FACTS llEI~G WITHHELD. England and Wa!es (excluding London) .•...... ·~... t4. 3145.35 6. 81-...~. 03 Now, .Mr. Chairman, I started to ay that we had our gra'Ve Germany (excluding Berlin)...... :·~t ~·~ ~:g:= ~:~ doubts about the efficacy of the Underwood tariff bill. I do not want in any particular to increase the lack of confidence that ~;?~t~t:~:.::::: ~=:::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: =~:::: ~:klg: ~ J: ~1~: ~~ prevails in the business world to-day, but I have observed, as every one of you must have observed, that there is almost a con­ Figures like these do not confirm t11e statement of the gentle­ spiracy of silence With regard to the true condition of industrial man from Illinois, nor are they calculated to cheer those who business in this country. The new papers do not want to have taken to heart the new "efficiency., notions of the Demo­ ·ten the story. They do not want to see distress addro to busi- cratic administration with the expectation that American busi­ ness stagnation. But, nevertheless, thousands of men in Chi ness men or American workmen should be made to compete with cago seek employment, thousands of men in San Francisco are the wit or wages of foreign countries. And now, as showing seeking employment, thousands of men in Philadelphia are the state of unemployment in the building trades for which the seeking employment. There are plenty of them here in the city gentleman assumed to speak a moment ago, I present a letter of Washington seeking employment, and not all of them Demo from the secretary of the Builders' Exchange of Philadelphia crats who bave been waiting 1_6 years to get a job, either, but in response to my request for a statement comparing conditions men who actually need days' labor in order to get bread and a year ago with conditions prevailing now: butter for their families. Thousands of men in Boston are seek BUlLDERS' EXCHANGE~ ing employment, and many of them have gone to the soup Philadelphia, March 20~ 194, houses. There are thousands and tens of thousands of unem Ron. J. HAMPTON MooRE, ployed in New York. Indeed, unemployment during the pend House of Representatives, Washington, D. 0. bill DEAR MR. MooRE : Answering your inquiries of the 19th instant rela­ ency of the new low-tariff has become one of the real prob tive to the building trade of Philadelphia, would say: lems of the large cities. First. The general contractors ana builders are not busy, man~ of Mr. ALLEN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield. whom I know have comparatively nothing on hand, and very little Mr . .MOORE. .Mr. Chairman, I would like to yield to the gen prospects for this year ; not nearly so busy as a year ago. Second. They are not employing as many men. tlernan from Ohio, but I can not now. Third. From 25 to 50 per cent less men employed. - OPINIONS OF PRACTICAL 1\IE..'f I~VOKED. Fourth. Carpenters' wages are 5. cents .an hour higher than a year ago. others in proportion. This condition did not prevail last year when the agitation Fifth Most building material is about tbe same price, excepting for a change from the Payne tariff law was under way. It did cement,· which ts higher, and 30 cents a baJ.'l'el bigher than Jt was in not prevail then because that law was in effect and working 1912.Sixth. Lumber and shingles are the same pr1ce. as 1ns t year, b u t as well; business was being conducted under it successfully and a rule quality poorer. . . . safely. Oh, some one said a little while ago perhaps we had The general outlook .for the building tra~e in Philadel.phla for this not had a fair chance to test the new L.'l w. I may have echoed coming season, so far, IS not very encouragrng. . Yours ve'ry truly, that sentiment myself. But we haye llad it in operation about ' crus. E'LMER SMITH, Secrctarv. half a year, and during that time we hav-e seen the most com FAVORS LABOR OF FOlmi.G..""l' 'L.A.NbS. plete change from happiness, prosperity, contentment, and em ployment everywhere to a condition of nonemployment and busi Observe that work has -fallen off, but that material prices have ness uncertainty. The condition now confronting us with regard· advanced or remained the same. It is the work of American to the future is one the end of which we can not foretell. workmen that bas fallen off. Mark that-..American workmen. I have taken the trouble during the last two or tln·ee weeks Now, I want to say that fhe trouble with the gentleman from to invite opinions of men who are practically concerned in the Illinois is-as it is with most of his compatriots who argue the operation of a tariff law. I will not have time to introduce all case of the Democratic Party for the workingman-that, whether of them. Here and there one says that business is fairly satis inadvertently or not, -they persistently advocate an economic factory. Here and there one who manufactures a specialty system that favors labor in foreign lands and injures the labor possibly a patented article, says he is doing well, but wherever of their own land. there is competition with the cheap foreign labor brought for Mr. BUCHAl'1AN of llljnois. Will the gentleman yield? ward by the Underwood tariff law to break down the American Mr. 1\IOORE. Yes. wage scale and depress the American workingmen, there is Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. I want to say to the gentleman doubt and ·uncertainty as to the future. I intend to read a few that in 1908 in Chicago there was 50 per cent less labor em­ of these letters, but before I do so I want to give some of the ployed in building than there was the year before. The Repub­ reasons for the concern that generally prevails. lican Party wns in control at that time. Does the gentleman CHINESE AND JAPANESE LABOR PRODUCTS. think that that was due to some Democratic administration at Do we want to compete with the labor in Js.pan? Do we some other time? want to compete with the labor in China? We are receiving l\Ir. MOORE. When was that? hosiery from Japan now in competition with the hosiery that is 1\fr. BUCHANAN of illinois. In 1908. manufactured in this country. 1\Ir . .MOORE. There was a panic in 1907, and it was not due Mr. KAHN. 1\ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? to the tariff. Can the gentleman tell us what the condition Mr. MOORE. I yield to the gentleman from California. of the money market was at that time? What was going on in .Mr. KAHN. In that connection and in connection with the the industrial world 1 Did business people have any incentive organization of labor unions, may I be permitted to call to the to build buildings? All these things are "factors. gentleman's attention a quotation from the speech of the gen­ Now, gentlemen will have to excuse me. I have yielded so tleman from Oklahoma [Mr. MURRAY], in which he quotes from much time that I am in danger of neglecting the things I in­ a work by F. H. King, called Farmers of Forty Centuries; or, tended to say. Permanent Agriculture in China, Korea, and Japan, in which Mr. BUCr::r.A.N"AN of illinois. The gentleman bas not an­ he says: swered my question. Everywhere we went in China the laboring people appeared generally BUSINESS UNCERTAINTY AI\1> DEPRESSION. happy and contented, if they have something .to do, and showed clearly that they were well nourished. The industrial classes are thoroughly 1\Ir . .MOORE. The gentleman from Illinois does not say what organized ha-ving bad their guilds, or labor unions, for centuries, and the condition of the money market was at that time. To-day it is not at all uncommon for a laborer who is known to have violated the business man can get all the money he wants to support any the rules to be summarily dealt with and even disappear with no ques­ enterprise for thi employment of labor at 3}' per cent, an ex­ tions being asked. traordinarily low figure. .But nobody wants the money under Mr. MOORE. .Mr. Chairman, I will supplement what the the present Democratic administration. Tlley have not the cour­ !)

· COTTON KNITTING WAGES IN EUROPE. is making money by saving the duty be formerly had to pay Or, Mr. Chairman, suppose we take knitted cotton under­ under the Payne law. Why give up a good thing so long as wear. How do the wages compare there? I quote now from you can hold on to it? says the German manufacturer. Thus Philadelphia workmen, who submitted their data to the chair­ he rna tches his wits against the insufficiently protected Ameri­ man of the Ways and 1\feans Committee in 1911 as a protest can competitor. against a reduction of duties: Here is another statement relating to knit goods showing The average rate of wages paid to skilled women sewing-machine how the foreigner takes advantage of the low tariff law to operators in the United States varies from $1.50 to $2 per day. The enter the American market. It is incredible that the American same class of labor in France, Germany, and Switzerland receives from 30 cents to 50 cents per day. production can be thus curtailed without displacing American Wages paid winders or spoolers in the United States varies from labor employed in the manufacture of these goods. $1.ri0 to $1.75 per day. The same class of labor in the countries named Imports of knit goods under Unde1·1cood lato compat·ea with same receives from 35 cents to 40 cents per day. months under Payne law. Wages paid knitters in the United States varies from $1.25 to $2 Octob-er, 1912----·---- $307, 804 October, 1913----·---- $375, 134 per day. The same class of labor in the countries named receives from No'lember, 1912______210, 306 November, 19VL_____ 413, 727 35 cents to 75 cents per day. December, 1912______213, 063 December, 1913______472, 815 Mr. Chairman, there you have a sample of the European January, 1913______240, 820 January, 1914______544, 383 wages with which American labor is now compelled to compete. TotaL______971, 993 TotaL ______1, 806, 059 I do not want to see that foreign wage condition overcome the Eighty-five and eighth-tenths per cent increase. United States. Surely the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. BucHANAN], who speaks so well for organized labor in this And here it is fair to stop and ask if any American. con­ House, does not want to see that condition prevail, yet he con­ sumer, who was to derive so much benefit from a reduced sistently votes for these measures that put the American labor tariff, has bought his underwear cheaper this year than he in competition with the labor of these countries where the wage did last year when protection was still in effect? scale is infinitesimal1y small in comparison with what it is BRINGING UP THE IMMIGRATION QUESTION AGAIN. here. Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentle­ A MATCHING OF THE WITS. man yield? We were speaking a while ago about the effect of the new Mr. MOORE. Yes. tariff. It appears that some men who can or do not manufac­ Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. The gentleman ought to be fair. ture profitably begin to import. That may be so. There is I was referring to the building trades. I know little about less risk in importing and acting as commission men than there textiles, and, if the gentleman will yield further, I would like is in manufacturing and carrying a labor pay roll. They go to ask him when he is talking about American and European abroad and investigate the markets and buy cheap foreign goods workmen how it is he votes against restrictions of foreigners and bring them in. If they are altogether successful, they are coming into this country? satisfied with this Underwood tariff law. But many of them, I .Mr. MOORE. It is because, as I told the gentleman before am persuaded, who ha1e sent their agents into Germany and and as I said in the debate. That is not a question of foreign England, where the manufacturers are as shrewd as our own goods, it is a question of flesh and blood. When a foreigner in the United States, and where we are compelled to match comes into the United States to better his condition he does our wits against the wits of the foreign manufacturers, just as not carry the foreign wnge scale with him. He works here at President Wilson told us to do, they have found the foreigner the American wage or he is not welcome. raising prices on all commodities that we need, sticking into 1\Ir. BUCHANAN of Illinois. But he keeps down the Ameri­ their own pockets the duties which we had formerly levied can wage. against them, and which you took out of the Treasury of the 1\Ir. l\IOORE. The admission of the immigrant is a 11roblem United States. Thus the foreigner has the advantage of the of humanity. We are all immigrants or descendants of immi­ lower wage scale, plus the American tariff duty which you re­ grants. I have stated before, and the gentleman knows there moved, and you who gave it all away have added an income is a vast difference between admitting men who come to A~erica tax to the burden of the American people to make up our losses. to work at an American wage and admitting goods that are 1\fr. KAHN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? manufactured at a foreign wage. If the foreigner who comes to Mr. MOORE. Yes. America works at the America wage or joins the union, I pre­ Mr. KAHN. The gentleman from Tilinois [Mr. BucHANAN] sume he would be unobjectionable. said that the European mechanic was inferior to the American THE IMMIGRANT LEAVES THE Ii'OREIG~ WAGE SCALE BEHIND. mechanic. Does the gentleman believe that statement to be cor­ Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. He is brought here and adds to rect, in view of the fact that imported textiles are preferred to the unemployed the gentleman talks of. domestic textiles? Mr. 1\fOORE. I have answered the gentleman, and the gen­ WHAT GERM !.N COMPETITION IN HOSIERY MEANS. tleman k-nows the answer. The gentleman can not raise that question without having it come back to smite him: As a friend Mr. MOORE. With regard to the hosiery imports !rom Ger­ of labor, he can not turn down his own flesh and blood if that many, he is inferi~r only in the matter o! wages. He is cer­ flesh and blood is willing to work for the same waO'e that he tainly not inferior, except as to wages, with regard to the im­ does, or is willing to do the drudgery that he ref;ses to do. ports of woolens and worsteds from England, and he is certainly If we admit the foreigner, as we have done from the beo-in­ efficient, except as to wages, with regard to certain silks and ning, we admit him on our terms and not his own. We ,-:.o ~not high-fashioned things from France. This is also the rule with permit him to bring his European wage scale with him. We regard to a great number of manufactures that come in from do not stand for the British or Japanese wage scale in this various countries on the other side and which the bargain hunter country; we do not stand for the French wage scale or that of seeks in America in preference to American-made goods. At this any other ~ountry. We maintain an American wage scale time, in view of the interest of the gentleman fror:1 California here, and wnen a man conforms to that, whether he be native [Mr. KAHN], whv is as much a friend o! labor as any man in or foreign, he does aU that we ask of him. 1\foreover, he be­ thi3 House, I intend to show what :foreign competition superin­ comes a consumer of American products and :.ids in the de­ duced by a low-tariff bill means. I submit a statement prepared velopment of the country. bv Mr. C. H. Brown, of New York, special representative of Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois. Does tbe gentleman contend the National Association of Hosiery and Underwear 1\Ianufac­ thnt the foreigner gets the same wages here tbat the American turers. Mark closely what he says: does? The common hosiery known as the " poor man's " hose. cotton lisle Mr. 1\fOORE. As a rule, yes. My time is limited, and the and retailing at 25 cents p~r pair is now entering the United State~ at $1.36 per dozen. The Umted States mills' sellin"' price is $1 85 per gentleman has tnken much of it; and, although I must close the dozen; the .cost price, without profit, is $1.70 per d~zen. · debate with him now, I will say that the garment workers in the 'l'he foreign manufacturer, however, is only landing the goods at United States are organized in a subsidiary branch oi the $1.R6 per dozen pairs ; they are selling at the American price of $1.85 !lnd the 9-Lffcren<'e, or 4~ cents, is. going into the pocket of the .American Federation of Labor, and most of them are of for­ Importer, JObber, and retailer, but WJth no- difference in cost to the eign birth. They demand and obtain American wages. It is consumer. also true that most of the 400,000 miuers in the United 1\Iine Under the Payne Jaw this class of hosiery entered at between $1 85 and $1.90 per dozen pairs. · Workers, which is affiliated with the American Federation of Under ~be Underwood Jaw the foreign manufacturer can undersell Labor, are foreign born. They work at a wage rate that is the Amencan manufacturer whenever he makes up his mind to do so sanctioned by the unions. The gentleman will find this state­ but for the present he is taking all he can get. ' ment borne out if he will examine the testimony of Secretary RUSHING KNIT GOODS INTO AMERICA. Morrison, of the American Federation of Labor, who nppeared That's it, he is taking all he can get. The German manu­ recently before the Committee on Immigration and Natnrnliza· factur~r is not driving us too hard all at once, because for the tion in opposition to further immigration. I think it can be present, so long as he can obtain the old American price, he fairly asserted that wherever the foreign workman who has 6154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2,

come to the United States in good faith has settled down to his It may inte:·est the American farmer to know that up tG the work ne manages to get as much pay as the native workman 1st of March, according to the latest bulletin of the Department fo1· the same kind of work. I venture that as a general propo­ of Commerce, 3,362,495 dozen foreign eggs have been admitted sition. under the free-trade provision of the new Democratic tariff law. li'OODSTU.IIFS COMIXG li'ROM ABI!OA.D. ANOTHER PROOF OF LOW FOREIGN WAGES. Now. the average business man-- Mr. COOPER. Will the gentleman permit an interruption M-r. BUCHANAN of Illinois. I beg the gentleman's pardon. for just a moment? I thought he yielded to me. Mr. MOORE. I will. Mr. MOORE. But I do not now have time to yield further. Mr. COOPER. I desire at this point to call the gentleman's I suggested a moment ago that the average manufacturer or attention t<> something in a speech of a Democratic Member business man will doubtless find something to do if during the of the House, the Hon. WILLIAM H. MURRAY, of Oklahoma puge pendency of the new law he finds it unprofitable to continue in 6119 of the RECORD. This is a quotation from Dr. King'~ book business and employ labor. Some of them have already gone of a statement made in an official report by Consul General into the foreign market to buy goods made by foreign labor Williams, one of our consuls in China. United States Consul at the cheap foreign wage, and they ha.ve begun to bring that General Williams says: stuff into the United States. Others engaged in the business ~ to the price or labor in this part ot China, we learned through of importers are increasing their foreign orders and preparing Um~ed States Consul General Williams that a master mechanic may to avail themselves of every advantage offered by the American recetve 21.5 cents a. day- ' market. One day's arrivals at the port of Philadelphia affords That is practically 21t cents a day for a master mechanic. an example of the new order of things. I read from one of the They have expert mechanics in Chiua­ daily papers; a.nd a joul'Deyman 7. 75 cents gold. Arrivals or foreign wool at Philadelphia yesterday were 1,500 bales. That is less than 8 cents a. day. Among the consignees were the Roosevelt Worsted Mills, the Genesee BETTER FOR J"OHN BULL THAN .!lOR UNCLE SAM, Roof Manufacturin.~ Co., John P. Holt. Pray tell me why these American business men might not have Mr. MOORE. I thank the gentleman from Wisconsin for this Democratic a~t~ority .. It is the same old story of cheap foreign · bought the wool fTom Colorado farmers or from 1\fontana farm­ labor, a condition wh1ch confronts the American workingman ers? On the same day- under the present low tariff. Why, gentlemen, a woolen manu­ Nails which la t week were bought in Philadelphia for Bradford, Eng­ land, also are being imported with wool tops and woolen yarns. ~cturer, who ~ .also an importer of wool, an Englishman by These are manufactures. They are woolen products. They birth and tradition, who does an extensi'Ve business in the are what ha\e been manipulated by the hand of the workman in United States and still retains his establishment in the old · various stages, work that ought to have been done in the United counh·y, which I am told is on~ of the greatest in th~ whole States. What shall you say to the spinners of the United States world, .who deals in the wools of Australia ancl the wools of who could haye made those particular noils that were imported ;A-rg~tina, as. well as the wools of the United States, told me at that one port? The men who made them were employed in ~n Philad~lph1a on Saturday night last, that the only difference England, in Bradford; they are not employed here. The •1e ~ound m the Underwood tariff bill, in so far as it affected his American workmen who might have had the job may, perhaps, busmess, was that he had found it advisable to transplant the be found amongst those who are walking the streets seeh'ing larger part of his working force from the United States to Great Bri~ain. The law increased his business there, while it employment. reduced his force here, but he held the American market just Here is another : the same. The Philadelphia Pickling Co. and F. H. Fromm, importers of 200 bar­ rels of sauerkraut, and mackerel are in for Thomas Roberts & Co. Il\IPORTS THE PRODUCT OF CHILD LABQR. WHERE DOES THD CONSUUER BE~"'EFIT? Mr. WILLIS. Will the gentleman yield? Great Scott r has it come tv this? Listen, please. What will Mr. MOORE. Yes; I yield to the gentleman from Ohio. the farmers say when they learn that the people of the Atlantic 1\lr~ ~ILLIS. In connection with what the gentleman was seaboard have gone abroad to get their sauerkraut? Will it please just saymg, I wondered whether his attention has been called a the good old Pennsylvania Dutchmen who make the best sauer­ to the statement made in the Rouse the other day by very1 kraut in the world and who ought to ha\'e this market? What, distinguished Democrat, the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. too, has become of the fishermen who used to catch the mackerel LE.wrs], in oppos~g an amendment to exclude the products of off the coast? Must we go abroad to buy those things? This is ~hild labor, m which he said that probably one-half of many under the Underwood taritr bill in active operation. We are rmports under the present tariff law were the products •)f g.etting these food commodities abroad now because production child labor. by foreign la.bor is cheaper. The list of imports which I hold in 1\Ir. MOORE. I realize the importance of what the gentle­ my hand is not confined to wool and sauerkraut and mackerel man says, and, although I have not the time- to go into it now, Sugar-beet seed and shelled peanuts are in the list; crockery I stop to say that the Democratic Pal"ty through the Labor from Belgium and cloth from Great Britain. Could not we grow !Jommi.ttee, of which the gentleman from Maryland [l\Ir. LEWis] them or make them in this country? And does the consumer get 1s ch:urman, had a fine opportunity when that convict-labor them cheaper because of a reduction of the tariff? Gentlemen, bill wa.s up to bar unfair manufactured goods that come into they never reach the consumer until the foreigner has been paid, competition with goods made by fair labor in the United States. and until the importer and the department store and the retailer That gave them an opportunity. and the advertiser and the distributor all along the line have 1\Ir. WILLIS. And they did not seize it. r had their whack at it. And when the confiding consumer gets it, 1\fr. MOORE. No. The convict-labor bill gave them the op­ under the benevolent influence of u tariff-for-re\'enue only, he portunity to sa.y whether they wer~ opposed to . the importation finds that the duty that the Government sacrificed for him, was of commodities to the consumel" in the United States that were absorbed before he got it, and that the price is about the same made by child labor, which is prohibited in the United States. as it always was, or just a little more. They were further given an opportunity to say whether they li'BESH ( ?) EGGS li'ROM CHINA AND RUSSIA. would forbid the importation into this country of goods made by labor employed more than eight hours a day, which they Mr. KAHl~. Will the gentleman yield for a question? Mr. MOORE. For just ene question. oppose in the United Stutes. But when called to book and Mr. KAHN. Does the gentleman know that eggs are now given an opportunity to vote, they \Oted-the Labor Committee coming from China by the hundreds of thousand dozens? and ali-in fa\'or of the admission into this country of commod­ Mr. CARTER. Those are china eggs. [Laughter.} ities mnde- by child L'lbor abroad that compete with honest :Mr. KAHN. Chinese eggs. American Ia?or, and of goods made abroad by labor employed Mr. MOORE. Eggs are coming from China supposedly fresh more than e1gbt hours a day, contrary to the doctrine tlley ha \'e and broken and frozen in cakes of ice. They are going into the been preaching with respect to American conditions. great cities, where the bakers turn them into bread and cake for THI!l PRICE OF WOOL AT HOME AND ABROAD. the consumer, who does not know what he is getting. I presume 1\lr. THACHER. Will the gentleman yield? he believes he is getting genuine simon-pure American eggs. The CHA.IRMAl~. Will the gentlema.n from Pennsylvania Eggs are also being imported from Germany and Russia. And yield to the gentleman from Massachusetts? so long as the gentleman has called attention to the subject, I Mr. MOORE. I will. am reminded that one of the Philadelphia papers to-day reports Mr. THACHER. The gentleman referred a few moments ago the condemnation us rotten of 9,000 dozen of a total cargo of to the importation of wool from Argentina and Australia. Is 1~,000 dozen eggs b1·ought into this country from Russia for the gentleman aware that at the present time, in spite of the ~he delectation of American breakfast tables. fact that the duty of 11 cents per pound has been remo\'ed, wool 1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6155 is selling in Montana and elsewhere higher than·a year ago-in Weekly Wool Chart, l\Iarch 12, 1914, published at Bradford, spite of that importation? . . . England, gives exports to port of New York (goods taken out of l\fr. MOORE. I think that is due to a speculative condition. bond): Exports to port of New York. Coming from the hub of the universe, and perhaps the c~nter of the wool trade in the United States, the gentleman certainly can WOOL CLOTHS. not object to giving the farmers a fair price. January, January, In.crease Mr. THACHER. I think the farmer is getting a fair price, 1914. 1913. . considering the international conditions. But the price of do­ mestic wool has gone up, in spite of the free iml!ortation of wool Per cent. Mr. MOORE. I want to show you how this matter works. From France ...... :.! ...... ·--·· £31,900 £3,100 930 We were once asked to take the bemg United States and it avails him nothing to aid in reducing the $343,763 greater than in 1912, which was the record. year. Dunng t;he purchasing power of that market. second and third quarters of the year the exportatiOn fell ofl' collSld ernbly but in the last three months the increase was sufficient to bring INCREASE PERCENTAGES THAT STARTLE. up the total for the year to the highest figures for textiles ever reached at this consulate. . . And here is another chart which is well worth perusal Look The increase in the declared exports of textiles to the Umted States at the percentages of increase in imports. How it must de­ in 1913-they havin"' an aggregate value of $2,280,875 in that year, light the shrewd business men of England, Germany, and contrasted with $1,9S7,112 in 1912, $1,514.293 ln 1911, $1,136.206 in 1910, $1,110,025 in 1909, and $474,463 ln 1908-may he regarded as a France to watch the steady growth of their hold upon the normal growth of the textile trade with that eountry and not as American market ! specially due to the reduction of the American tariff, although doubt- •. •

"6156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE. APRIL 2, less the tariff had something to do with it. In the last quarter of. the The wages remain the same, as our industry is all organized in year the fact that several firms that had not previously been shipping labor unions, and any move in that direction would only cause trouble textiles to the United States began to do business with American im­ and strikes. · porters indicates that an increasing business in this line of. goods is to We have not had time to feel the effects of. foreign goods yet, as it be anticipated under the revised taritf. takes them some time to get our designs and colorings and qualities As the foregoing table shows, there was a material increase in the suitable to the American markets. This will come along in due time -declared exports of calfskins and cow ano ox hides, while rabbit and perhaps too soon for the workman and working woman. When that hare skins were not exported to the United States at all in 1913. It is time arrives wages will have to be reduced to meet that competition probable that Leipzig gets a portion of. the bare-skin trade that was " The worst is yet to come." · formerly done here. The sale of hops to the United States increased. As our looms are made in England, we have had to pay 45 per cent duty to the Government to get them. Under the new bill the duty is 25 Therefore although these German textiles found an increased per cent, so -we have bad to charge off the 20 per cent reduction, which American market in competition with American textiles, and makes our plant worth that much less, and prevents us competing with the English manufacturer, who pays no duty at all, and with a new the optimistic department says the increase was "not due to manufacturer, who will get his looms at the reduced duty. tariff," the consul making the report says " the tariff had some­ Our carpets and rugs are made out of foreign wools, and the owners thing to do with it." of these wools have taken the 4 and 7 cents per pound that went to the ACCEPTING THE DUTIES WE SU3RENDER. revenues of the country. · Mr. Chairman, my opinion is that good reason exists for IT'S THE FOREIGNER WHO GETS IT. preaching optimism. The foreign manufacturer has been get­ So there you have it from a practical man. When you take ting in his work and the American manufacturer in textiles the duty off the foreigner who sells you the raw material gets especially, is not sure of his·ground. it, or the department store or some one else gets it, and the Here is the letter of an American importer, forwarded to me, price to the consumer is the same. and which I shall not have time to read, in regard to chemicals, Mr. PAYNE. I think the gentleman ought to mention there colors, and so forth. He tells the jobber in the Unite~ States the fact that carpet wools are not produced in the United that he wants his trade, but that "it will not be made any States, but are all imported for the manufacture of our carpets. easier by this reduced tariff." It will not make easier in this Mr. MOORE. That is correct I thank the gentleman for particular because the foreign price for goods to the United referring to it. States has gone up. The foreign price has been raised to match Mr. PAYNE. So that we are simply taking this from our the duty we took down. Treasury and putting it into the hands of the foreigners. ANOTHER " MA.TCHING OF WITS." Mr. MOORE. That is exactly it. We are robbing ourselves But showing further how the foreign manufacturer improved to enrich them, and that is the whole effect thus far of the upon the opportunities of the Underwood tariff law, I shall quote Democratic tariff bill. ·a letter written to me at my request l>y Mr. Charles M. Biddle, "The worst is yet to come," says Mr. Pollock. He fails to one of the most respected citizens of New Jersey, who has a indulge the spirit of optimism on the basis of efficiency us large business place in Philadelphia : manifested by the Secretary of Commerce. BIDDLE HARDWARE CO., CARPET MILLS RUNNING SHORT-HANDED. Philadel-phia, June !, 191~. Bon. J. HAMPTON MOORE, Here is another letter, from a large concern engaged in manu­ House of Rept·esentatives, Washington, D. a. facturing carpets in Philadelphia : DEAR Srn : Confirming conversation I had with you a few days ago, Replying to your inquiry concerning business conditions, we regret I send you the following quotation from a letter written May 9, 1913, that we are compelled to report them very unsatisfactory. We have by a German importer, returning the conditional order that we placed been running a part of our machinery only four days a. week for many with them for 200 dozen pocket knives, to be sent us under the proposed months ; the production is not more than half of the maximum and no revised tariff. present outlook for improvement. As our business extends to about The order was placed at the price that they were being sold for under every State and Territory, this would seem to indicate the general bust­ the present duties (Payne law). You will notice that they proposed to ness conditions over the country, increase the price about 50 per cent, which will even more than cover the difference in duty between the present and proposed. This letter is dated March 12. I do not use the name of the " MAY 9, 1913. firm because it does not want to have the story told. From " GENTLEMEN : We were ~nable to place this order abroad ; the fact two of the largest employers of labor in the carpet world I is, that they want an advance of nearly 50 per cent of what we paid have letters confirming the general statement of slackness in for it before. This will give you an idea of what the situation is in Solingen regarding prices on German knives. the industry. They are as follows: "We regret we are compelled to cancel your specification, and trust JOHN BROMLEY & SONS, you will make note of same on your records. OFFICE, LEHIGH AVENUE BELOW FRONT STREET, "Very truly, yours." Philadelphia, March 9, 1914. In other words, Mr. Chairman, O'Qr German brothers say : Hon. J. HAMPTON MOORE, "You may lower your tariffs, thank you; but that does not House of Representatives, Washington, D. a. DEAR SIR : In answer to yours of the 7th instant, addressed to Mr. necessarily mean that you will lower your values in the John H. Bromley, beg to say that the usual number of people are em. United States. You. have taken down the bar which you had ployed, but they are not working full time. According to our reports against our goods coming into the United States, thank you; they are making about 20 per cent less time than usual and at this time a year ago. but do you think we are foolish enough to keep our prices down Yours, truly, JOHN BROMLEY & SONS. just because you took the duty off? If your Government did not :want the revenue you took from us, and you insist upon giving it away, it looks good to us, and we will keep it on our FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL CARPET AND PLUSH MILLS, Philadelphia, March 11, 1914. side of the water." [Applause.] · Hon. J. HAMPTON MOORE, .The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Pennsyl- House of Representatives, Washington, D. a. vania has expired. · MY DEA.R Srn: In answer to your inquiry of March 7, addressed to ANOTHER I STANCE OF OUR GREAT GENEROSI~Y. John & James Dobson, Falls of Schuylkill, Pa., I beg to reply as fol­ lows: Mr. GOOD. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes mo:re to the There are in the John & James Dobson Corporation several distinct gentleman. plants. The Bradford Mills are running about 70 per cent of their 1\Ir. MOORE. I thank the gentleman from Iowa. Mr. Chair­ machinery at the present time. A much larger quantity was stopped during the preceding 12 months; in fact, only about 25 per cent was man, here is another illustration. The gentleman from running. whom I now quote was one of the most independent of Re­ In our plush department we have been and nt·e still running to publicans in the last campaign, and had no especial inclina­ capacity. The carpet department is running full time, with about 20 per cent tion to oppose anybody who was undertaking a revision of the of the looms stopped. tariff. He was engaged, however, in carpet manufacturing. I The blanket and cloth mllls are the least satisfactory of all ; there not asked him what effect the Underwood bill was having upon more than 20 per cent of the looms and machinery are running to capacity. his business. Mr. James Pollock-for that is the name of the Believe me to be, gentleman-for the Pollock-Huston Co., carpet manufacturers, Very respectfully, yours, Dauphin and Tulip Streets, Philadelphia, under date of March JOHN & JAMES DOBSO~ (INC.), 16 last, replied: Per ARTHUR SPENCER. I beg leave to say that it [the Underwood law] has not been bene· SILK INDUSTRY ACTIVE : WOOL DRAGGING. ficial. As you are aware, it is very important to get raw material at the minimum price. For this purpose the Underwood bill put wool In the silk industry, Mr. Chairman, there seems to be a better on the free list, and it took 4 and 7 cents per pound duty off, which tone. The demand for dre.ss goods is running to special ties, the Government loses; and we pay the same price for the woolen yarn and both importers and manufacturers of such goods appear to ns we did before the duty was taken off; and because we expected to get yarns at a reduced price we were compelled to reduce the price be getting along fairly well. But that is a matter of taste; even of our goods 5 per cent, which is just so much more profit to the depart­ the tango is said to have its effect upon this line of industry. ment stores, as the goods are retailed at the same price. My correspondence indicates, however, that the changes of style We are paying the highest price we have ever paid for linen, jute, and cotton yarns; in fact, we have had no relief at all under the opera­ are always watched with great concern. The optimism in the tion of the new bllJ. silk field may be contrasted with wool and woolens, the mote ~ ... :"'"'--.

1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6157

I substantial and essential commcdity. One of the largest firms, eome is concerned, is the same thing-and there was no reduction in their cost of living. which does not care to be named at this time, says: The exports of wool manufactures from England alone for the months The unemployment in the woolen and worsted industry at this time of .January and February, 1914, were three and three-fourths times the ts· probnbly about '20 per cent of the normal totaL. This indicates an exports tor January and February of 1913. unsatisfactory condition, as the manufacturing costs in this industry This means a corresponding loss -of home production and home em· are predicated on full employment. ployment. As compared with December 1, there has been a slight gain in activ­ I look for these exports to increase as the foreign wool manufacturers ity, the unemployment at that time being about 25 per cent. Tpis become more familiar with the requirements of the American market. · slight gain is a temporary situation, due to the necessity of supplymg A duty that is low enough to permit such imports as these is low customers with their initial deli~eries for sample requiremepts. enough to permit a volume limited only by the capacity of the foreign Present indkati'ons point to a progressively increasing proportion of woolen factories. unemployment from the middle of A.prU onward, probably reaching the Yours, sincerely, maximum by the latter part of June. GEO. C. HETZEL. As will be observed, the pay roll is the serious question with these mill owners. They want to maintain their organizatians. Wu. n. RILEY & Co.'!, .MANUFACTURERS, They can not do it by laying off their hands. How can they Phila-aelphia, Mat·ch 11, 1914. Hon . .T. HAMPTOX MOORE, · keep their hands employed, if foreign competition absorbs their House of Rep.resen:tati,;es, Unite(], States, Washington, D. 0. market? 'UY DEAR 1\JR. Mo01m ~ Yours of March 9 duly received. So tar us our BUSINESS LETTERS FOR TIIOUGHTFUL MEN. busine is concerned, we find ourselves \ery much behind, ann the out­ look with us is not at all reassuring. Since I will not have time to read them, I submit herewith We feel that a great many goods that heretofore have been made on a series of letters from men who know what they are talking this side of the Atlantic that come within th.e range of cmr busine::>..S wtll be imported. about on this question of employment and the tariff. I trust Very truly, yours, these letters will aid the House and the country, to a better understanding of the difficulties that confront the men who ha'\"e the courage, under adverse legislation, to keep the wheels - MURPHY & BRO., of industry going. These letters were not sent nt the volition Philadelplzia~ Ma1·ch 9, 191+ of the writers. They are not seeking to tell of the disadvan­ Ron. J. ll.AMPTON MOORE, tages under which they conduct their b.usiness. They were House vf Representatizes, Washington, D. a. requested by me because, as a representative of the people be­ DEAR SIR : Agreeable to your letter of the 7th, we would advise you lieving in the protection of American industries, I desired to that we find conditions in the textile business to be anything bat satis­ factory. Before the new tarlli law went into effect it was fully antici· have the Congress know at first hand what it m~ans to industry pated, and business has not recovered. We are running full time but to lower our standards on the pretens~ of obtaining cheap com­ about 60 per cent of tlli:l equipment. We have been shown samples of modities from foreign lands. foreign goods at prices that would make it absolutely impossible far any American manufacturer to produce them. LETTERS RELATD•'"'G TO THE EFFECT OF THE DEl\IOCRATIC TARIFF LAW UPON Yom~ h·u.ly, MURPHY & BRo. THE WOOL, WORSTED, ru~D WOOLE~ IXDUSTRIES. £E1'RESENTATIVES OF TRli: HOSIERY I:li.'DUSTRY IN THE ~TTED STATES JAliEs DoAK, JR., Co., TELL OF THE LOW TARIFF'S EFFECTS UPO~ THEIR BUSIXESS--THE AD­ Philadelphia, Mat·ch !J, 1914. VANTAGE -GIVEN TO THJ;J FOREIGN COMPETITOR. Ron. J. HAMPTO~ MOORE, The same story of uncertainty and unemployment is told with Washington, D. a. DEAR Sm: Your letter of inquiry of the 7th instant 1n regard to the very great frequency. The hosiery busineS's seems to be one present statu-s of tile worsted spinning Industry bas been received. that is particularly marked for slaughter under the new system. A.t the precsent moment our factory is rtmning full time, W'lth a The following letters from representatives of the trade best t-ell ma~imom complement of help. It is doubtful how long thls will continue. of existing conditions : Sufficient business was secured to keep all our help employed and CHA.s. CHIPMAN's So~s, to meet the flood of foreign competition, but at a sacrifice of all profit. Netv Ym·k, March 13, 1911,. 'l"bis state of affairs can not endure .and the alternative is approach­ Hon. J. HAM1>1'oN MoonE, ing of closing down our plant in the face 1lf increasing imports or House of Representatives of United Stt1tes, Washington, D. 0. reducin~ wages. MY DEAR 1\I&. MooRE : I am in rec~ipt of your inquiry of the 12th The Democrats d~manded a redudion in the profits ot manuf11cturers. and in reply would state that our mills have been fairly busy up to U:o this extent their new tariff law has been a suecess. Profits are the present time. I noticed, however, during the past month a great eliminated, but with absolutely no resultant benefit to the consumer. falling off of business on everything except the cheapest grade of goods. Yours, vet•y truly, My explanation of this Is that the hosiery buyers all over the country JAMES Do.AK, J~ ... Co. are holding up their purchases and not buying anything that they don't have to have at the moment, pending their annual trips to Europe, which occurs during the months of May and June. A.s far af! the hosiery busin~s is concerned the fact that the Ameri• THOS. WOLSTENHOLME SONS & Co. (INC.), can people have recently taken to wearing stlk1 hosiery, 'eSpE'Cial1y the Philadelphia~ Pa.~ March n, 1914. cheaper grades, has been tbe ·one thing that ha.s savoo us. It the de­ Mr. J. HA.IPTO~ Momrn, mand fur cotton goods should come up tbat we bad two or three years · Unit-ed States House 'Of Repre$entatives, ago on anytb'ing above H)-cent goods, our mills would be practically · Washington, D. 0. out and I am feartol with the new tarifi' law that .next season a great DEAR SIR : The writer is in receipt of your fav-or of the ith instant, many 15-cent ~oods will be imported The facts of the case are, we inquiring bow the new taritl' law ha~ affected us. In giving you my h3:ve not had hme to feel the blow which tb1s bill is going to hand us. straight, fair. and honest opinion. will say it has boon very disastroUB, The goods we are delivering were bought last .Tune, July, and August, indeed. :tnd I personally think that inside of one year we will find ourselves I presume for the last 8 or 10 years we have operated nigh't work. high and dry for business on anything over these cheap goods, with Toward the close of last yeat·, October or Novembe.r, we entirety sus­ the exception of the silk goods, which we hope to be able to hold the pended all .night work, ann there is absolutely. no chance of ~ver 'Start­ market on. ing it up again. Not only that, we have had to suspend considerable of Most popular 25-cent goods are manufactuxed out ot a combination our daytime fOJ.·ce. This, you will naturally see., runs up our overhead artificial silk and rotton, and a great many 50-cent goods {JUt of a expenses, .and unless things improve I am afraid it will be entirely combination of artificial and Japan silk. Now, under the Underwood necessary :for us to close our plant in the daytime, with the exception bill, artificial silk takes an ad -valorem duty instead of specific, alld of just one mil1, the numbers of silk which are l.a.rgely used in our industry, nam~ly The people whose business we have had year after year have imported Nos. 120 and 130 Den., costs more under the Underwood bill than it yarns from the other side cheaper than we can make them. did under the Payne bill, and the only a.ceounts that are cheaper are No doubt our next corporation tax to the Gov-ernment will prove the very heavy accounts, which are used ln very small quantities. AU ' more clearly the situation than anything we can say. of these silks are controlled by one concern, viz, the Ariierican Viscose Yours, very truly, Co., with the exception of a di.fl'erent process silk which is called ltOBERT WOLSTE..~HOLME. •• Tobays," which is not suitable tor the knitting rndustry on account GEo. c. HETZ-EL Co., ot its weakness. Ohester~ . Pa~, JI.a-rch 18, 191~ We had contracts for this silk from abroad at $1.88 per po.und under Ron. J. HAMPTON .MOORE, the Payne bill, with the understanding if the duty should be changed, WaslURgton, D. a. we .should have the benefit of it. Under the Underwood bill they want DEAR M11. Mooalll: SeV1!ral days' absence accounts for the delay ln. re­ to charge us 3 cents more per pound, saying this was the difference. plying to your inquiry of the 7th instant. We made a strenuous fight and succeeded in main,taining the price the I can not speak specifically as to the percentage of production of 1lther same. Notwithstanding these facts, our duty bas been cut, as you manufacturers in our llne of 'business, but we are xunning about 60 know, on the finished article. per cent of capacity. Very respectfully, yours, F. L. CHIPMAN. I can recall no year sl11ce 1.896 when this mill was not running to its full capacity in the month of March. JOHN BLOOD & Co., Ever since the extra session oi Congress was convened to enact a Philadelphin, .MQ,rch 18, 19~. so·eaUed competitive tariff the wool-manufacturing business bas suffered, Mr. J. HAMPTON 'MOORE, and suffered severely. House of Representatives, Washington, D. a. The uncertainty as to the outcome of the interminable discussions HON<>:n..lBLE SIR : Inclosed please find some figures taken from our in Congress destroyed confidence in values so that purchases were cur­ books at this particular time, which speak .for themselves : tail~d! and the final enactment of the tariff bill has completely demoral­ During the period of three months, including December, ifanuar,y, ana ized the market. Wherever goods have had a free sale since Jannary 1 February and ending March 1, 1913, we paid ·(}Ut to 'Our employees it has been ouly at the sacrifice 1lf profit or at actual loss. $54,946. For the same period ending March 1, 1914, we paid out · Tbe amount of wages paid in our mill in 1913 was over 21 per cent $46,213, making a difference of $8,733. This dtil'erenee, if continued less than in 1912. for .a year, would mean that our employees would receive $34,932 less This does not represent a reduction in the rate of wages, but a re­ for a period of one year under the present conditions as compared to ouction from full-time employment which, so far as the employees' in- the conditions during 1913, 6158' CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD--HOUSE: APRIL 2,

Please note that this time one year ago ,our mill . was running 1~0 per RADMOOR MILLS, THOS. E. ·BROWN & SONS, cent full; to-day we are operating exactly 70 per cent of our machmery. Plziladelpltia, March 10, 1914. Yours, very truly, J. HAUPTON MOORE, JoHN BLooD & Co., House of Representati-t:es, Washington, D. a. ROBERT C. BLOOD. DEAn. SIR : We have your letter of March 7, and take pleasure iii advising you as follows : . . BROWN KNI'M'I]'fG CO., Our seamless-hosiery plant has been, practically at a standstill since Philadelphia, Ma1·ch 11, 1911,. the new tariff has gone into operation. As you possibly know, we are Hon. J. HAMPTON MOORE, both full-fashioned and seamless manufacturers, while the greatest por­ House of Representatives, Washington, D. a. tion of our production is full-fashioned. Om· l:>r·oduction on seamless hosiery which we above refer to Is from DEAR MR. MOORE: I am in receipt of your favor of the 7th I~stant, 300 to 400 oozen per day. This !lfl'ect~ about ~0 employees. and in reply be<> to say that the goods we are manufacturing m our Other hosiery manufacturers m Philadelphia must be in equally as mill at the pres~nt time are orders taken prior to the passage of the bad shape, or worse than we are, 'oecause almost daily we have from a Underwood · bill. We have received no orders of any ~mount on. our dozen to .two dozen applicants .at our mill, whereas prior to this time cotton, lisle, or mercerized hose such ns w~ have been m the habit of it was always necessary for us to advertise for help. getting from our trade. It would seem to , us as if the bu7ers were Yours, very truly, · waiting to see what the foreign market was going to be on. th1s class of & SO~S , merchandise. If it were not for some orders we have on s1l~ goods, on THOS. El. BROWN which there is no competition in Germany and which the tanff. does not Per KNEBEL. . . . affect our mill would be closed. If anybody says that our busmess has UPHOLSTERY MANUFACTURERS, GLOVE fAKERS, AND OTHERS REPORT been prospering since the Underwood bill went into effe~t, they do ~ot ACTUAL CONDITIONS AS INFLUENCED BY TARIFF LEGISLATION. state the truth. We have received a number of canc~llations ~mounting to many thousands of dozens since the Underwood bill· went mto effect Here are several other reports affecting industries where labor on cotton, lisle, and mercerized goods. This Is. due to the fact, . as is feeling the effects of tariff depression: written above. the buyers are interested in ~nowmg what the fore1gn BURK BROS., market is going to do. They all have the impre.ssion that goods. are Philadelphia, March 9, 1914. going to be cheaper, and consequently .ar!'l cancellmg fr~m e~ery. direc­ Hon. J. HAMPTON MOORE. tion where it is possible to do so. This iS the correct Situation m our , Washington, D. a. mill at the present time. MY DEAR CoNGRESSMAN: Your favor of March 7, 1914, asking us Yours, very truly, whether we are employing the usual number of people in our industry W. PARK MOORE, Treasurer. at this time and whether we are . working full time as usual at hand. For the past six months we were working about 60 per cent of our production, but the last two weeks we went up to about eighty-odd BERKSHIRE KNITTING MILLS, per cent of our production, not that business looked sufficiently good to Reading, Pa., March 18, 191~. warrant that, but this is the time of the year when we get good skins Mr. J. HAMPTON MOORE, and is the best time of the year to manufacture leather. A year ago at House of Rep1·esentatives, Washington, D. a. the main gate of our factory where we employ . our people there would DEAR SIR : Your kind letter of the 12th was duly received and an­ be an occasional straggler in the morning looking for a job ; it is put· swer delayed on account of the absence of the writer. ting it very <;onservatively to say that at the present time we have a Our Mr. Oberlaender was in Chemnitz, the chief center of German good-sized crowd there looking for jobs every morning. This is our hosiery manufacture, during November and December of last year in· experience. vestigating conditiens, and found that the Germaa manufacturers h~d Yours, truly, BURK BROTHERS, advanced their prices all along the line as soon as the Underwood bill ALFRED E. BURK, Pt·esiacnt. passed. In other words, they were smart enough to discount the con­ ditions by raising the price on account of the lower rate of duty: The NEPAUL 1\IILLS, American buyers generally held off, but there can not be · the shghte.st THiil STEAD & MILLER Co., doubt that importations will increase, as the imports for last month Will Philadelphia, March 9, 1914. indicate. . fi Bon. J. HAMPTON MOORE, In our business we unhesitatingly give you the followmg gures on House of Representatives, Washington, D. a. our mercerized hosiery: 1913, orders on hand for February delivery, 35 147 dozen· 1914 orders on band for February delivery. 7,092 dozen; DEAR MR. MOORE: Replying to your letter of March 7, relative to the 19l3, orde'rs ~n hand for March delivery, 41,101 dozen.: .1914, orders on number of workers employed in the manufacturing upholstery trade in band for March delivery, 5,935 dozen ; and we are Willmg to make an Philadelphia, would say that ail the mills are. running slack, · and not affidavit as to their correctness. . more than two-thirds of the regular number are employed. in any mill !lt Relative to employment, we have been able to keep the mill gomg on the. present time. full time by working on stock in the hope that with the opening

1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6159' hands is also very large, and the city physicians have a number of cases The Bement-1\files Works · are old-established and widely­ in chat·ge." Under the rates of the old law the foreign producers of leather dress known machinists. glo'>.:es bad about 80 per cent of our market in women's gloves and 20 THE ADAMS & WESTLAKE Co., per cent of men's. Philadelphia, March 9, 1914. So with a good part of the handicap removed by the much lower rates Hon. J. HAliiPTON MooRE, of the present law, it is obvious that the American glove manufacturer ]lepresentative Thit-d District, Pennsylvania,. must continue to lose the business to the lower-wage countries of Aus­ House of Representatives, United States, tria, Italy, Germany, France, and England. Washingtott, D. "C. Yours, vet·y truly, DEAR Srn: We beg to acknowledge receipt of your favor of the '7th JAMES W ARBASSE, instant, in which you desire to know whether we are now employing Edito1· ana P1Lblisller ·the Glovers Revieto. tho same number of people in our industry that is usual at this time SLACKNESS SERIOUSLY AFFECTING LaBOR IN THE IRQ~ A~D STEEL IN­ ol' the year, and whether they are working full time. DUSTRY AND MACHINERY TRADES. We very ~reatly regret that we arc compelled to state that we are now cmploymg a force more than 25 per cent less than the normal at Mr. Chairman, here are a lot of letters froin. firms engaged in this time, and are working- that force . but five days per week, with the the steel and iron trade, doing less business, running short unpleasant prospect before us of the possibility of being compelled latet· hom·s, laying off men. The iron and steel business is usually re­ on to still further reduce our force and working time. We do not understand that you desire us to enter into the many g:.u~ed as an indicator of general prosperity or depression. re~sons producing the condition above mentioned; but we will say T·here was no special trouble with it last year except the effects brtefiy that t~e most important factors affecting our individual busi­ ness are the new tariff law and the uncertainty as to whether the of persistent investigation. but this year it is different. The Interstate Commerce Commission will grant to the eastern railroads low tariff is in operation, and the results speak for themselves: the advance in freight asked for. WORTH BROS. Co., Yours, very truly, Coatesville, Pa., March 10, 1914. THE ADA:us & WESTLAKE Co., J. HAMPTON MOORE, M. C.,. E. L. LANGWORTHY, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. Eastern 1£anager. DEAR SIR:· Yom favor of the 7th received, and in reply would say The Adams & Westlake Co. are manufacturers of railway sup­ that, as compared with March 1 last year, the number of men on our pli~s, supposedly not affected. by the tariff; but depression pay rolls is from 25 to 33~ per cent less, and the men that have been retained are a vemging not more than 50 per cent time, while during the under the tariff seems to involve a general depression, just as fit·st two months of last year we were running full, with a complete prosperity under a tariff makes for general prosperity. complement of men, and had been operating at 100 per cent capacity during the greater part of 1912. Jus:rus B. SCHWACKE, Philadelphia, Pa., Ma1·ch 13, 191t Orders commenced to decline in volume and tonnage shortly after the Bon. J. HAMPTON MOORE, 4th of March last year, and by ~arly summer we found the volume of business very much curtailed. and this gradually diminished during the House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. remaining six or seven months of 1913. This yeat• is starting in with DEAR SIR: I duly received yours of 7th instant, and deferred reply still lowet· prices and with no increase in the volume, and every new untiJ I could consult a gentleman here who I thought might have de­ piece of business that comes into the market seems to be accompanied pendable information which I could compare with some inquiry that I with hesitation, which frequently results in actual orders being deferred made a little over a month ago among the metal industries here in indefinitely. enly the northeast section of the city, but in his reply, which is now Regretting that actual conditions will not allow us to give you a before me, he seems to have considered all the unemployed, so that the more optimistic repot·t, I am, contemplated comparison is not possible. Very truly, yours, W. P. WORTH. His estimate is from 75,000 to 100,000, including those affected by seasonable occupations. Be does say, however, that the Pencoyd Iron Works and the Midvale Steel Co. some weeks ago were down to GO per MILLER LOCK Co., cent. Philadelphia, Mat·ch 12, 1914. The special inquiry which I made of 22 separate concerns elicited the Bon. J. JlAMPTON ·MooRE, following : . House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. • A. About 10 per cent less than normal (but they are making a cer­ DEAR :\fR. :MooRE : Replying to your esteemed request of the 9th tain line of machinery which is affected by the new fashions for instant, would advise that orders being entet·ed are about 66 per cent women's dress goods, so that their condition is not typical). of the normal condition. and our wot·king force is accordingly reduced, B. No reduction. either in number of employees or working hours, to meet this condition ; C. Reduced about 30 per cent. this comparison is by actual figures with the same months one year ago. D. No reduction (except in one department), due to contracts taken Just at the present time there are few, if any, goods being imported in before the tariff agitation and not yet worked out. our line, as it takes quite some time to change the channel of trade. E. No reduction. Are bringing out a new line of machinery not af· Also, the foreign factories who will compete in this industry must pre­ fected l.ly tariff conditions. pare their types of goods so as to be as near those produced in the F. Running only about 60 per cent capacity. Amet·ican market as possible; this all takes time. Unless the new tal'iff G. Running only about 80 per cent capacity. law is repealed we expect that the low-priced goods made in Germany, B. Running only about 50 per cent capacity. which are. impossible for us to compete with here owing to their ex­ I. Hours reduced, 50 per cent; number of men reduced, 50 per cent. tremely low wages, will be an important factor in this market. Consequently working only 25 p('r cent of capacity. About February 3 there was considerable excitement in the Connec­ J. Running about 30 per cent of capacity. ticut Democratic newspapers-largely copied throughout the United K. Running about 75 per cent of capacity. States-over the statement that the Eagle Lock Co., of Terryville, Conn., L. Running about 50 per cent of capacity. was running 13 bom·s a day. This report was incorrect. If you will M. Running about 80 per cent of capacity. communicate with 1\lr. n. J. Plumb, their president, at Terryville, Conn., N. No change, but working principally on stock. he no doubt will give you the facts. 0. Bav.e reduced hours 10 per cent and men 10 per cent. Our general superintendent, Mr. A. C. Jackson, spent sometime last P. Conditions normal. summer in the hardware manufacturing ~!strict of Germany, and would. Q. Have reduced force about 10 per cent. be more than pleased to give .vou data obtained as to comparisons of R. About normal. wag~s between Germany and here, as well as some other facts .which he S. Force reduced one-half. obtamed while on the tour made last summer by the American Society • '1'. Force reduced one-third; working principally on stock. of Mechanical Engineers. U. Force slightly increased over this time last year. Very truly, yours, EOWAJ!D S. JACKSON. . The above does not include some of the biggest works in towp, a."l for instance, the Baldwin Locomotive Works, which is reported to b~ running less than one-half force. . Our own condition is about two-thirds of capacity, but working THE J. G. BRILL Co., largely on· stock in order to keep our organization together, but with Philadelphia, Pa., March 9,1914. very little demand. Hon. ,J. HAMPTON MOORE, I take ~very opportunity to inquire of visitors and others through HotJ.se of Rep1·esentatives, WasTzington, D. C. our travelmg salesmen as to the general conditions existing in the DEAR Sm: We have yours of March 7, in connection with number of metal trades, and the reports are in accord as to largely reduced men employed at this time as compared with normal conditions. Beg to forces a~d prospects very discouraging. advise that we have somewhat less than the normal number of men Yours, very truly, working for this time of year, and can best sum it up by saying that we J. B. SCHWACKEl. are operating about 70 per cent of our normal capacity. Would state that we have not felt any direct effect of the new tariff laws but are of Mr. Schwacke knows the machinery business from beginning thn opinion that they indirectly affect the condition of our 'business at to end. His summary of conditions prevailing in large indus­ this time. tri~l plants is one of the most interesting of the group. Yours, very truly, J. W. RAWLE, Assistant General Manager. A TREMENDOUS SLUMP IN LOCOMOTIVE BUILDI "G. The J. G. Brill Co. are extensive car builders. Some of our THE BALOW! LOCOMOTIVE WORKS, Philadelphia, Mm·ch 11, 191-'J. Democratic friends would say they should not be affected by the Hon. J. HAMPTON MOORE, tariff. I submit the company's own version of the situation. Ho11se of Representatives, Washington, D. C. BEMENT-MILES WORKS, OF THE NILES-BE~1:E~T-POND Co., . 1\IY DEAR MB. MOORE: Replying to your favor of the lOth instant, Philadelpllia, Pa., March 9, 191.4. there has been no essential change of conditions with us since om; last n on. J . H AMPTON MOORE, commlillications. Our pay roll for the week ending March 7 includes House of Representatives, Washington, D. 0. . 8,433 men, working an average of 50 hours. DE.A.R Sm: Replying to your letter of the· 7th instant, relative to the Very truly, yours, ALBA B. · JOHNSO~, number of people employed at our r>lant, have to advise that when oper­ Pres-ident. ~~~Jf. at full capacity 800 to 850 men are engaged, working 60 hour~ a The Baldwin Locomotive Works-Mr. Chairman, I have al­ w:e~. the present time we have 27G employees working 40 hours per luded to that institution before. At the beginning of the year " Yours, Yery truly, 1913 they had over 19,300 men in their employ-fine, sturdy, · BEMENT-l\fiLES WORKS, OF •rHE NILES-llEME-'\T-PONO CO. American mechanics, e"\:ery one of them earning his bread and W. J. BAGMAN, General Manager. putting away a little of his savings in the savings bank. He is •

6160 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-HOUSE. XPRIL z, using that up now. At th~ close of :1.913 that fine force -of 19,300 lieved "that the_iosses will be h9avier in the ensning six months, since the woolen sched-:1le has been in operation only three months, so that men had dwindled down to 10,464. Here is a letter from the the experts of the Treasury were pretty nearly correct in their figures. president of the company, written at my req\!est, dated March In the six months we have lost in exports and have ~aincd in im· 11, 1914, showing that the force had been still further reduced, ports. We have imported $54,000,000 less of raw materials, or mate­ rials for further manufacture, than in the corresponding five months until on 1\Iarch 7 there were only 8,433 remaining, less than half of the previous year. In the same period our exports of manufactured the usual complement. Put those reductions along witl:f the or partly manufactured articles fell off: by $33,000,000-a. net loss to figures of the Bement-Miles Works and strike an average and this country of $87,000,000 in our mannfacturin~ trade. 'J'his net loss falls upon workers in American mills and factones. Our "wits " have you will soon find, 1\Ir. Chairman, that there is good reason for not met those abr.oad for the simple reason that our men will not work those who believe that lower tariffs will help labor to preach for such wages as are paid abroad. The showing for the month of optimism and to preach it hard. ' March is the worst of all. and there is no prospect of a change for the better. HARDSHIP ANn NO::Oi'EMPLOYMENT VIE WITH SPORTY GOODS. The Government is $30,000,000 behind in its balance sheet for the Mr. ANSBERRY. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? fiscal year to date. Appropriations are on a higher scale than ever, while the prosperity of the country is being assailed on every side. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Pennsylvania That conditions are no worse is due to the fact that our mai:mfacturers yield to the gentleman from Ohio? · have been doing their best to meet conditions. They have seen their Mr. :MOORE. I regret I -can not yield now. I have not the profits cut down or vanish, but they have kept on because they did. not want to see their organization broken up. Many thou,sands of em­ time. · ployees have been discharged. This city has more idle men than at The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. any time in a .generation. 1\fr. MOORE. I do not intend now to dwell upon the misery It was as plain as anything could b six months ago that such would be the results. but the academic legislators at Washington of those who have had to endure the rigors of the winter with­ believed that by law they could make three and three make seven. out employment. They have been numerous, and no great city [Editorial from the Public Ledger, Philadelphia.] has failed to realize their presence. I shall not even read some DEMOCRATS FILLING THE FOREIGNERJS PURSE. appeals from charitable organizations which I have laid aside The elfect of Democratic bedevilment of business is reflected more for this occasion. They tell of the want of those who were with­ clearly in the customhouse returns than anywhere else. They show that there has been a falling off of $40,000,000 in dutiable imports during out work in the mills; let that suffice. But briefly and in .Con­ the first four months of the new tariff law, in comparison with the cor­ clusion, I commend to your .attention the advertising pages of responding period a year ago. This decline is at the rate of 120,000,000 the great newspapers. Read them, if you will, and see the a year, in spite o! the fact that the duties have been reduced. The reason for this astounding slump in foreign purchasing is found secret of our popular optimism. The foreign goods are coming in the demoralization of business. The home producer has not benefited in. Look at the great broadsides telling of the fine new styles by the sale of his own products to take the place of those u-sually that the foreigners are setting fpr us. Read of the hats from bought abroad, 'because people have not been buying goods. They are waiting to see what else Congress will do; and revenue-producing busb London and the dress goods from Paris; of the china ware from ness is falling otr at the annual rate of $112,000,000 net. Belgium and the woolens from England. Read of the fine new The increase of free imports by $12,000,000 is due to the preference clothes for the sporty young man and the dress goods for the that the Democrats ha-ve shown for the foreign p1·oducer over the Ameri­ can farmer, cattle raiser, and manufacturer, a preference that Abraham· ladies as they come from the fashion plates of Paris and London. Lincoln never could countenance. He did not pretend to be a tariff SEE THE C.A.RG.OES COMING IN. expert, and did not have much use for theories of any kind, but be was gifted with enough plain horse sense to understand what going abroad Witness the ships with cargoes of foreign A. Senate had passed the following resolutions ( S. Res. 325) : (Submitted by Mr. MoonE under leave to extend his remarks.) Resolved, That the Senate has heard with Jlrofound sorrow the an­ [Editorial from the Philadelphia Inquirer.] nouncement of the death of fhe Ron. WILLIAM RICRARDSOX, late a Rep~ resentative from the State of Alabama. SIX MONTHS OF THE UNDERWOOD TARIFF. Resolved, That a committee of six Senators be appointed by the Pre­ Six months of the Underwood tari.tr taw have more than justified siding Officer, to join the committee appo1nted on the part of. the House every prediction made by protectionists. President Wilson's idea that of Representatives, to attend the funeral of the deceased Representative. it would be a good plan to put the "wits oi the American manufac­ Resolved, That the Secretary communicate these resolutions to the turer against the world " is shown to be a failure. In 'the last six House of -Representatives and transmit a copy the-reof to the family of months the Nation has lost $2~000,000 in customs reyenue. It is be- the deceased. 1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6161 '

Resolved, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the "' 0 King, live forever; but be not hasty_in this thing. Jus­ deceased the Senate do now take a recess until to-morrow (Thursday) at 11.50 a. m. tice requireth not this decree. Hast thou not heard, even from thy father, that every man-and Kings sornetimes-worketh In compliance with the foregoing, the Presiding Officer ap­ for his own interests? Why rage and marvel that men are pointed as said committee 1\fr. BANKHEAD, 1\fr. THORNTON, Mr. selfish? Marvel, rather, that any be unselfish.' ROBINSON, 1\Ir. GRONNA, 1\fr. POINDEXTER, and Mr. ORA WFORD. "'Isaac, my son,' continues the tablet, 'thou art wise in thy LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND JUDICIAL APPROPRIATION BILL. generation; but these men have conspired against the royal The committee resumed its session. treasur1. for my sweaty subjects have built this road and have 1\Ir. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I yield five minutes to dug tlld shekels from the Nile's soil to pay for it. If, then, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BowDLE]. these men be not knaves, they be lunatics or fools. Let them Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Will the gentleman from all be taken at once to the royal bughouse that this pest be Iowa consume some of his time now? not propogated and that my subjects be no longer deceived.'" Mr. BOWDLE. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I have a mat­ And it was so, even in the days of Seti, 3,500 years ago. ter of enormous interest to all archreologists and to some Verily, there is nothing new under the sun. [Laughter and archaic statesmen which I desire to bring to the attention of applause.] the House. It is brief. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Will the gentleman from There is nothing new under the sun. AJfred Russel Wallace, Iowa cons rime some of his time now? Mr. GOOD. I yield 45 minutes to the gentleman from Massa­ the distinguished scientist, has shown enough to make us be­ chusetts [Mr. RoGERS]. lieve that from the question of the minimum wage to t~e aboli.sh­ ing of the red-light district in Washington, there 1s nothmg 1\fr. ROGERS. Mr. Chairman, a few weeks ago the Secre­ new and that all civilizations have had to meet pretty much tary of State, Mr. Bryan, issued a signed statement entitled the questions. In this toll question there is nothing new. "Our policy toward Latin America." In the course of the state­ ~arne ment he used the following language: In a recently excavated cellar at Karnak. the archreologi~ts have He [referring to President Wilson] is not concerned as to the personnel discovered a tablet which tells the followmg story, very liberally of the Government ; all he desires is that the people shall have such translated: offices as they desire. . " In the days of Seti there arose a mighty controversy which Mr. Bryan in this enunciation was apparently referring to shook all Egypt. the Latin American Republics; but, if we substitute the word "It appears that in a prior reign a certain Egyptian had been "Democrats" for the word "people" in this sentence, we granted the roya.l favor of exclusively carrying :n vehicles all have an accurate summing up of Mr. Bryan's point of view O'oods on the roads between Karnak ·and Memphis, which were relative to our Diplomatic Service. '.rhe record of Mr. Bryan in ~ot ass laden. A company was organized around this fran­ the portfolio of State during the past year has conclusively chise, known as the Karnak-Memphis Transfer Co., and its established that be is not concerned as to the personnel of the vehicles quickly drove all asses off the roads. Diplomatic Service; all be desires is that the Democrats shall "In later years Seti built another road, much shorter and have such offices as they desire. better and which promptly became immensely popular for all It i~ my purpose to develop as briefly as may be the precise the c~ravans between Assyria and Babylonia on the east and changes in our Diplomatic Service which the year just past has Abyssinia on the west. witnessed. I shall deal more especially with the diplomatic " The cost of this new road was about 400,000,000 shekels, and situation in Latin America, because in that quarter of the was paid out of the royal treasury; but the purpose was, and it earth's surface lies our commercial future, and because, too, was so declared, that this cost was to be defrayed finallY: by owing to the present interpretation of the Monroe doctrine, tolls levied on the vehicles, caravans, and asses of all natwns we are forced to scan with peculiar closeness the attitude which using the road. To this declaration the nations j~yfully as­ the Repub1ics to the south of us assume toward this country. sented, for, be it known, the road was of enormous mterest to The United States to-day is not receiving anything like its fair them. share of the trade of Latin America. In a speech delivered "But at about the time the road was to be dedicated, the some three months ago I dealt at considerable length with this transfer company solemnly declared that its exclusive fran­ aspect of our problem. Suffice it to say here that the latest figures chise would be impaired by charging it tolls. It claimed that available show that the United States was responsible for but requiring it to pay tolls along with foreigners when Egypt had 22.9 per cent of the total imports of Latin America; if· Mexico built the entire road was to surrender Egyptian sovereignty­ and Cuba be omitted-which countries, from geographical and was, in fact, truckling to Babylonia; that there could have _been historical reasons, have always had close trade relations with no motive in building the road if its franchise and busmess the United States-the figure of 22.9 per cent is reduced to 16 were to be taxed; it charged finally that the term "all nations" per cent. The United States is responsible for but 11 per cent could not have included Egypt, which built the road. of the imports of Brazil, but 12 per cent of the !mports of Chile, "All this produced a high degree of botheration to Pharaoh, and but 14 per cent of the imports of Argentina. Clearly, if for the people, who, before the road was built, ·regarded the the United States is to receive its rightful share of the com­ company as a trust now showed a profound tendency to regard merce of these great and very rapidly growing sister Repub­ it as a benevolent ~rganization. The air rang with 'bad faith,' i.ics of the American Hemisphere, it is incumbent upon her to ' unconstitutional ' 'treason ' ' truckling to Assyria,' and the be diligent in promoting close and cordial relations with each whole nation divided itself into 'tollites' and 'antitollites.' and every one of these Republi$!s, whether large or small. One ""So· Pharaoh, in profound distress, proposed a change ~n the way, and certainly an important way, i~ to raise ~e Diplomatic law by exempting the company from tolls. But at this the Service with these countries to the highest possible plane of nations protested, for said they, 'If our tolls are to be based on efficiency. The possibilities for good resultant upon the send· cost, then it is obviously to our advantage to have as many pay ing of a skillful, experienced, tactful, and capable minister or as possible.' And so the battle raged. ambassador to any one of these countries can scarcely be "At this crisis a Hebrew from Goshen appeared at the palace overemphasized. and addressed the King on this wise : . In the Roosevelt and Taft administrations a sincere attempt " ' 0 King, live forever. Why art thou bothered over thiS was made to place our Diplomatic Service upon a merit basis. simple question? Dost thou not know that this company hath Some traces of the old spoils system were discernible, espe­ charged thy subjects all the traffic would bear? Dost thou cially in the higher appointments, but the lower diplomatic not know that it is already a monopoly in restraint of trade grades became more and more the rewards of efficient service under the antitrust act of the Shepherd Kings? Dost thou during those 12 years. The country looked forward confident~y not know that it bath waxed fat and arrogant and hath dliven to a continuance of this policy under the stalwart leadershiP all asses off the road from Memphis to Karnac? Dost thou not know that its exclusive franchise of carrying all the freight of President Wilson. As he said himself: My warm advocacy and support both of the principle and of the is immensely valuable? And dost thou not think that it is bona fide practice of civil-service reform is known ~o the whole c?untry, arrogant and impious for it, with one exclusive franchise, to and there is no danger that the spoils system wlll creep in Wl th my ask for another, and to throw thy kingdom into turmoil to approval or connivance. get it?' Having in mind the tremendous ~mporta~ce of t~e Latin­ "At this the tablet says the King replied: American situation, from whatever pomt of VIew exammed! and " ' Isaac, my son. I perceive that thou art the goods, and that having in mind, too, the straightforward policy of the Pre~Ident I, even I, am an illustrious chump. Bring hither the directors upon the merit system, thus ably declared, I have been mt_er­ of that

6162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE.

learning in d~tail the careers of the new diplomats to Latin COSTA RICA. America, because of the fact that almost all are ~ntirely un­ Hale, Edward J. (appointed). Born in North Carolina iii known to the publishers of that most useful handbook, Who's Who 1839 and has lived there ever since. Newspaper editor. in America. That excellent manual, as is well known, does not Einstein, Lewis (displaced). Born 1877. Holds two degrees err on the side of exclusiveness. Its preface. tells us that 27,000 from Columbia. Appointed secretary in the Diplomatic Service names are listed therein. Yet of the 15 new appointments to in 1903 at Pmis; then successively secretary at London, at the legations in Latin America but 4 are known even by name to Moroccan conference, at Constantinople, and at Peking. In the editor. For further information as to one of these-a most 1911 promoted to be minister at Costa. Rica. unkind cut-we are referred to an eat·Uer edition in the series, as if the gentleman in question, though actually living, were CUBA. legally dead. Two of the others are listed, because 15 years Gonzales, William EJ. (appointed). Born in Charleston, S. C., ago they were Members of Congress. The fourth is listed ns a in 1866 and has lived there ever since. E'(}itor. The Pan Ameri­ . retired clergyman, but also, fortunately for his chances of can Union Bulletin tells us that his father was concerned in diplomatic preferment, as a" Progressive Democrat." The other the first filibustering expedition from the United' States to 11 of the 15 are unknown even to such fame as inclusion in Cuba in 1850, and goes on to say that- hi-s ancestry and training * * * wlll give him the advantage of a Who's Who lbolds out to th~ ambitious. For m11:ch of the sympathetic understanding of the nature of the Cuban people. information concerning their careers which I have been able to The report of the treasurer of the Democratic national com­ compile I am indebted to the various numbers of th~ Pan Amer­ ican Union Bulletin. The editor of this publication, as fast as mittee, Mr. Rolla Wells, chronicles-page 8-that Gonzales Latin-Ameri-can appointments are confirmed by the Senate, Br-os., Columbia, S. C., contributed $500 to the " true cause " in writes to the appointee for authentic information as to his Hfe, the national campaign of 1912. Perchance here is another character, and achieyements. Such information as appears Is qualification beyond those alluded to in the Pnn American Union therefore largely autobiographic, and wherever I have quoted Bulletin. Beaupre, A. M. {displaced). Mr. Beaupre was born in Illi­ it below it may be accepted as at least representing th~ opinjon of the subject of the sketch. nois :md w.as appointed after an examination sec1·etary of the legation and consul general at Guatemala in 1897; successively I do not ·need to point out that a vast amount of criticism charg~ d'affaires, secretary of the legation, and consul general has been directed against the administration in connection with at Bogota, minister to Colombia, minister to Argentina, ministe~ its diplomatic appointments. For example, Dr. Charles W. Eliot president of the National Civil Service Reform League, to the Neth~rlands and Luxemburg, and minister to Cuba; a record of 16 years in the for~vn service of the. United States. 1s rei>orted to have said at the annual convention of that body last December : DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Of the 22 mini ters dL"P.laced, 13 lla.d had several years' experience Sullivan, .James M. (appointed). 3orn in 1873, now a crimi­ f_n Diplomatic Sel'Vice, wh1le none of the new appointees had had. any nal lawyer in New York City. Col. Harvey tells us that he 'oxperienee. Seveml of th€ appoi"!ltments of o_bscure men to ~Iplo­ achieved eminence by defending -''Bald Jack." Rose in t]J.e tnatic posts have seemed to the public to be made m payment of pQlltlcal debts. noto1ious Becker trial, and that his cousin is a eontractor in­ terested in railway concessions in San Domingo. He is also It is very easy to mn..ke a gene-ral arrnignment of .a· prin­ known to fame as an indefatigable organizer of Democratic ciple or .a policy, but it is much more convincing to assemble clubs in the campaign of 1912. the actua.l facts bearing upon a given proposition so that Russell, W. W. (displaced). .Mr. Russell was born in Wash­ the reader may judge for himself what general conclusions shall ington, D. C., in 1859. He is a graduate of the United States be drawn. I therefore incorporate in my rem:uks .at this Naval Academy, and has been civil engineer and surveyor in point a brief sketch of the men who have been servin-g this South America, Mexico, and the United States. He was ap­ (!()Untry in the Latin-American diplomatic posts :and of those pointed secretary of the legation at Caracas in :!.895. He was who, since the advent of P.resiclent Wilson, have talren their successively secretary and charg{! d'affaires at Panama, minister places. to Colombia, minister to Venezuela, commissioner to Ecuador, BoLrvu.. and minister and consul general to the Dominican Republic: O'Rear, John D. (appointed). Bot'D in l'llexico, Mo., in 1870, ECuADoR. and has lived there ever since. His diplomatic qualific.ations. Hartman, Charles S. (appointed). .Mr. Hartman is a lawyer if any, ·arise from th~ name of ~e town in which. he has re- of Bozeman, Mont. He was a Member of Congress from 1893 sid~d · certainly he has ha

appointed . minister to Peru in 1911 was a county judge in 20 important diplomatic capacities. As the crown and culmina 4 ~entucky. tion of his long and distinguished service he was appointed URUGUAY. ambassador to Russia in lDOO, and transferred, still as ambassa­ De Saulles, John L. (appointed). Mr. De Saulles, according dor, to Turkey in 1911. He is displaced by Mr. Henry :Morgan­ to the Washington Post of March 12, bas at least four claims than, the millionaire real estate operator of New York. Mr. to the appointment as minister to Uruguay : First, he is an old­ Rockhill is turned adrift to shift for himself. The explanation time Yale football captain; second, be married the daughter of is not difficult to find; Mr. l\Iorganthau was chairman of the one of the richest men in Chile; third, be is well known in Democratic national finance committee in the campaign of 1912, South America as a duelist; fourth, he was a valiant organizer and he alone-to say nothing of large contributions by members of Democratic clubs of college men in the 1912 campaign. of his family-contributed $10,000 to the funds . .Mr. De Saulles, when interviewed, used the following diplo­ A somewhat similar case is that of Mr. John B. Jackson, matic language: minister to Bulgaria, Roumania, and Setvia. Mr. Jackson was I am in hearty ·sympathy with President Wilson's policy as to tb~ born in 1862, and is a graduate of the United States Naval South American Republics, which, as I understand it, is to establish Academy, New York University, and Princeton. He was ap­ a common understanding with them all. pointed second secretary of legation at Berlin in 1890, and had (Uruguay bas just been given a legation sepp.rate from that worked his way up to the rank of minister through a dozen of Paraguay. Mr. Grevstad, ab-ove referred to, formerly acted intervening posts. as minister to both countries.) His successor is Mr. Charles J. Vopicka, of Chicago, who VENEZUELA. also was a liberal contributor to the Democratic fund of 1912, 1\lcGoodwin, Preston (appointed). Mr. McGoo

From this point of view, at leas.t, 1\!r. Vopickn is e-vidently u donations to ·the cause. As the successor of lli. Ide., formeu (!hie! jus· tice and Governor General to the Philippines, who is fully acquainted pearl beyond price. with the language and customs of Spain and a gentleman of modest 1\lr. Leishman, who had ser-ved in vario.us diplomatic posts for fortune, Mr. Willard appears as a complete reversal of the President's 16 years, working up from minister to ambassador, is displaced aspiration. · by Mr. James W. Gerard, of New York, who contributed $13,500 :Mr. MOORE. I ha'\"e just come in. Do I understand the to the Wilson campaign committee, and who is referred to by gentleman to say that some of these distinguished men who the Outlook as "a popular member of Tammany Hall." 1\Ir. have been appointed ambassadors had contributed to the Demo· Penfield, the new ambassador to Austria-Hungary, also con­ em tic campaign fund? tributed $10,000 to the Democratic campaign fund. Col. Harvey, l\Ir. ROGERS. I will refer the gentleman to d-etails which after quoting President Wilson's announcement, shortly after I have given in the earlier part of my remarks. I certainly do his inauguration, that he would select for the Diplomatic Serv­ mean to say just that ice "men without wealth, but possessing every other form of Mr. MOORE. Is not that contrary to Democratic policy? qualification," says, 1'eferrtng to this financial side of diplo­ :Mr. ROGERS. That is diametrically opposed to the an­ macy: nounced Democratic policy, and contrary to the pronouncement With the single exception o! Mr. Walter H. Page, who contributed only of President Wilson a few days after he took office. William Bayard Hale and $100 in cash, all of those appointed are men 1\ir. ANSBERRY. I should like to ask my friend if, in his who, at one time or nnather, supplied pecuniary aid to his [President opinion, the present representative of our GoTernment at the Wilson's] canvass. Court of St. James, even though he contributed, as the gentle­ I do not care to discuss the famous Pindell case, which is man says he did, has not simply followed the example of the recent and notorious history. Of Mr. Pindell it can at least be gentleman who preceded him, who was there for no other rea· said, as Malcolm said of Cawdor, u Nothing in Ws [diplomatic] son, so it is said, than that he contributed liberally to the R~ life became him like the leaving it." publican campaign fund on all occasions? Nor do I care to criticize the still more recent speech before Mr. ROGERS. As I said at the outset of my remarks, the the chamber of commerce in London dellvered by our ambas­ Republican Party has not been wholly blameless, but we ex­ sador to the Court of St. James, Mr. Page, in the course of pected a great improvement at the hands of the Democratic which he said: Party. The Republican Party had made a splendid stftrt in the I will not say that we have constructed the Panama Canal for you, for I am speaking with great frankness and not with what is S'ome­ right direction, but the Derrwcratic Party to(}k office · with the times called diplomatic indirection,' but I will say, most truly, that it distinct assurance that it would remedy any trace of the spoils adds greatly to the pleasure of building that great work that it is evil that the Republican Party had left behind. you who will most profit by it. I can say a similar thing about the recent lowering of our tariff. We did not lower it in order to please Mr. ANSBERRY. Does the gentleman exp.ect us to do that you ; it was for purposes that we considered economieall:y sound for in one year? ourselves. Nevertheless, it added to the pleasure of domg that to Mr. COOPER. Never. reflect that thereby we should receive more trade from you. His [Presi­ dent Wilson's as he delivered the Panama tolls message] was the voice Mr. ROGERS. See the horrors you have wrought in the of the people. Nevertheless, it adds to the pleasure of hearing that Diplomatic Service in one short year. voice to know that it does please you. The Monroe doctrine, you know, Like Mr. Walter Hines Page, who, since his Panama-tolls meant only this, that the United States would prefer that no European Government should guin more la.nd in t}le New World. speech above referred to, seems to be enormously popular in Perhaps the most charitable comment on this utterance to England, 1\Ir. Willard is apparently on the best of terms with the English people is that which Spea1.""er CLARK is reported to the King of Spain, at least. I quote from a dispatch whicb have made: appears in the Washington Post under date of March 16: .Alphonso seized an occasion when he was talking to .Ambassador I can not comm~11t on what was said late in the night after a ban­ Willard recently to ask whether he, like moat America.n.s, had evel' quet ; it was walnuts and wine. served in the Army or Navy. Mr. Willard. replied that he had only The London press and the foreign press generally realize as been in a mllitia regtment, whereupon the King asked: "~hen why don't you wear a uniform when you come to court? I should deligh't well as we the depths to which our Dip-lomatic Service has boon to see an A.mertean militia uniform there." So Col. Willard, who bas allowed to sink. The London Daily Telegraph, for example, never made use of his military title, will appear at the next court in said on November 18 last: the full regimentals of a Virginia militiaman, though this will be a breach of court sartorial precedent, for it is not a diplomatic uniform.. With few exceptions, it is cprehension that the legation at Lisbon is an embassy 22 have been replaced- need not be regarded as prejudiciaL These replacements would be materially increased to-day­ Other experienced officers who have been removed after long with the result that some men ot long experience have been replaced by and distinguished service are Chal'les H. Graves, once a colonel untrained men. Of the 22 ministers displaced, 13 had had several in the Civil War and in the Regular Army, who had served years' experience in diplomatic service, while none of the new ap­ pointees had had any experience. -acceptably nine years a.s minister to Sweden and Norway, and Peter A. Jay, who had entered the Diplomatic Service as secre· Commenting on the above, the New York Times said the next tary in 1902 and had worked up through six intermediate posi­ day: tions to be agent and consul general at Cairo. It is notorious that the higher appointments in the Diplomatic Serv­ ice have largely been made from personal or political favoritism. Able Some of the diplomatic appointments to European capitals and experienced men have been allowed to go and a number of men are, as we all know, excellent; but on examination it will be with no experience whatever have been appointed. It is said that the found that these are mostly to places where they will "show" ambassador to the Court of St. James was the only one of the new ap­ pointees who could talk fiuently the language of the capital to which the most, and hence where the credit of the administration he was accredited. wo.uld be more compromised by notable inferiority. As I have Mr. PLATT. Will the gentleman yield for a question? tried to show, wherever posts to be filled were less conspicuous 1\fr. ROGERS. Yes. · the appointments have apparently been dictated wholly by a Mr. PLA1."T. Is it possible that the facts you have stated desire on the part of some one to repay past political favors. may have had something to do with the recent request to It fs often said that President Wilson took unto himself the bolster up our foreign policy? European appointments and turned over Latin America, body Mr. ROGERS. That may have been indirectly involved. I and soul, to the Secretary of State. It may be doubted whether desire now to refer briefly to a few of the less known European any such bargain were actually made, although, with the ex­ appointments of the present administration. ception of a couple of appointments ath·ibutable to Col. House As ambassador to Spain we find M.r. Joseph E. Willard a and the Postmaster General, most of the new diplomats seem millionaire hotel proprietor and real estate operator of Ri~h­ to have a distinctly Bryanesque flavor; but, as I have at· mond, Va. He contributed $2,000 to the Wilson campaign of tempted to show, the appointments to several of the European 1912. In comparing him with his predecessor, Col. Harvey, capitals by no means square with the advanced professions of after commenting favorably upon the selection of Thomas Nel­ the President of the United States. son Page as minister to Italy, says: It may be said by some defenders of the administration that ~o much, unh!l.ppily, ca.n not be said of his fellow Virginian, Mr. much of what I have collated here is, while undoubtedly true, Willard, the new ambassador to Spain, whose sole qualification 1.s his not of a sort to enable us to judge accurately the kind of service :wealth and whose appointment can only be attributed to his generous which the new gentlemen will render; that, although they may; 6166 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. have their peculiarities like the rest of us, they may ·also render within his reach, whether in the department or on foreign service, who bad any special or gene.ral diplomatic capacity. Nobody is left in the admirable . service to their country. Of course this is true. department who is not protected by the civil-service rules ... The fact that a man is an eccentric or a buffoon does not ex­ The CHAIRMAN " (Mr. BUCHANAN of Illinois). The time of clude the possibility of efficiency. But it is also clearly true that the gentleman has expired. there is an almost unrebuttable presumption that men who .Mr. GOOD. Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes more to the have risen in the service as the result of years of toil will be gentleman. on the average vastly more useful in the delicate missions The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Massachusetts is which they are constantly called upon to perform than those recognized for 10 minutes more. . . , who have grown old without a ~cintilla of training or experi­ Mr. ROGERS. Since the above was written Mr. John Bas­ ence in their new duties. sett Moore, one of the two competent men mentioned, lias re­ Mr. ANSBERRY. Just one more question. signed his post in despair.- In the words of a newspaper which Mr. ROGERS. I can not yield further. There is another has been extremely friendly to the administration : important aspect of the case. Well, the pilot bas been put overboard and good old Admiral Piflle Foreign countries-all of them-regard their diplomatic serv­ treads the bridge alone. John Bassett Moore, for a year or so the ice seriously, if we, or some of us, do not. Many of our real brains of the State Department, has retired and goes back to what must be.a more agreeable JOb at Columbia. In his term of service as neighbors-esJ}ecially, perhaps, in Latin America-are fond of counsellor of the State Department be bas earned the thanks of a ceremony and lay great store by the strict etiquette and usages Nation of people, who will view his departure with regret and the of the diplomatic world. It does not make our new repre· future with misgiving. The wonder is that Prof. Moore was content to hold on so long, with the exasperation necessarily incident to serving sentatives any less worthy or estimable gentlemen if they do under a. man with the predilections-and the mentality-of Mr. Bryan. not know how to save themselves from being ridiculous, but it Prof. Moore served well, however. He stuck to the ship while Mr. does undeniably weaken their position in the sphere which they Bryan went lecturing around the country on his vaudeville circuit. He knew something of navigation and employed that knowledge to the are called upon to fill. advantage of the Ship of State when the chief officer very obviously The newspapers have from time to time referred to various knew nothing. We fear that Mr. Wilson will miss this very useful man cases of this description in addition to those which I have more than be may know. Whether Mr. Bryan will have the wit to miss him is more doubtful. But that the country as a whole wlll regret already mentioned. I have no knowledge of the accuracy of his departure goes without saying, and for the moment one may be these incidents other than the reputability of the newspapers justified in wondering -what the department wlil do without at least in which they are printed and the fact that although I have one man of broad experience and intelligence of international scope. kept somewhat close watch I have seen none of them denied. The Washington correspondent of the New York Times says I shall not mention the names of the ministers involved, be­ that the most potent cause of Mr. Moore's dissatisfaction "was cause, after all, my indictment is not of any of these gentle­ the displacement of experienced officers in t;he State Department men, but of the system which makes their diplomatic existence to make way for persons of no experience in diplomatic affairs," possible. . and the Tribune refers to his despair at the "incompetent One new minister pm·chased a pony of his predecessor, giv­ horde of retainers now infesting foreign capitals." ing him his personal check therefor; the check came .back If an article in the Washington Post, of March 10, is to be from the bank a few days later stamped on the back "No believed, Mr. Adee, the sole survivor, after 30 years of service funds." In another case the President of a Latin-American will resign on June 1, dissatisfied with the conditions whicll Republic was asked what he thought of our new minister. have been allowed to grow up within his ken. "The same as you do," was his more or less diplomatic So far as I can learn the . secretaryships and the consuls response. have, in general, been left undisturbed. It is a matter of merest Mr. ANSBERRY. Is the gentleman going-­ conjecture, however, just how soon the onslaught ·upon these Mr. COOPER. Regular order I branches of the service will begin. Indeed, perhaps it may be Mr. ROGERS. I can not yield. I have not the time. said to have already begun. Frank W. Mahin, a university and [From the New York Tribune, December 26.] law-school graduate, once a regent of Iowa State University, So bad bas the situation become in one Latin-American country was appointed, after examination, to the Consular Service in that the State Department actually bad to send a special agent to 1897; he had worked up to be consul at Amsterdam, to which the. capital of that nation to give the new American minister a course post he was appointed in 1910. I quote from the Boston Record, in the rudiments of diplomatic procedure and even in the routine mat­ ters having to do with carrying on business with the State Department. of .March 2: A very interesting story of the discipline of a former United States [From the Outlook, March 7, 1914.] consul bas recently been brought to light in Washington. It seems that One at least of the new ministers to Latin America is known to the gentleman in question, Frank W. Mabin, recently United States have come to Washington in quest of a "job" in the customs service. consul at Amsterdam, was found guilty by Secretary Bryan of having He was made minister to a small Republic. He protested, saying that given his charwoman $2 a week when the regular price for such service be bad no qualification for diplomacy and knew nothing of the work is 50 cents. Of course, this encouraged the poor woman to extravagance ot a legation. This was of no avail; he was compelled to accept. and created discontent among the laboring classes, and, quite naturallyl A job was a job. It was a $10,000 job. What more did be want? many persons objected. Mr. Bryan was not slow to act. He removeo Ot one appointee in the field of our delicate relations with the ·other Mr. Mabin. That was many weeks ago. Recently it seems that Mr. Americas it is said that "since the day of his arrival at his post be Mabin was able to clear himself of the charge. Whether he rer-oke:d the bas hardly known a sober moment; his vice and vulgarity have caused $1.50 per week from the woman is not known with certainty. Like o, consternation .there." And this report is confirmed from other inde­ true man, Secretary Bryan publicly exonerated him from the charge, pendent sources. This man has succeeded a service minister of irre­ but his place bad gone in the meantime. The present incumbent of the proachable record, public and private. • • • The new appointments consulate at Amsterdam is a e:ood Democrat, and Mr. Mahin bas been to Latin America are in general such as to bring a blush of shame to the a staunch Republican, but, of course, these facts have nothing to do cheek of every high-minded American. with the case. [From the New York Sun, September 21.~ 1\fr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Will the gentleman yield · It is known in Washington that when one South American Govern­ for a question? ment was sounded on the acceptability of one of Mr. Bryan's selections, of whom naturally no one connected with it had ever beard, it cable4 Mr. ROGERS. I can not yield; my time is too short. a reply asking that the actual minister be retained, the actual ministe;.o In conclusion, I desire to quote a few more editorial com-· having " served up " to his rank through three administrations. ments, mostly from newspapers which have been, in the main, [From the New York Sun, December 21.] extremely approving of President Wilson and of almost every The records o! the displaced officers are mostly to be found in so aspect of his administration. The New York Journal of Com­ accessible a manual as Who's Who in America, which bas been searched by inquirers, mostly in vain, for the life story of their suc­ merce, under date of November 17, says: : cessors. We happen to know that application to the publishers of that The Secretary of State writes in a most edifying strain about the excellent publication for such information about the latent diplomatic obligation to cultivate closer relations with the Latin-American Repub­ geniuses whom Mr. Bryan has discovered have resulted in comparative lics and facilitate an intellectual exchange between our people an~ failure. One such application resulted in the discovery of a new envoy theirs, and sends to Nicaragua a doctor turned politician ; to Honduras, exteaaedinat·y and minister plenipotentiary who gave bas address as a jack of all trades and casual incumbent of petty political offices; to the "American consulate " of the capital to which be bas newly been Guatemala, a reverend gentleman whose sole title to distinction seems to accredited, he clearly being unaware that in the bright lexicon of the be his Bryanism; to Ecuador, an ex-Congressman who left the Repub­ diplomacy which has been thrust upon him there was such a word as lican party to become a silver Democrat; to Colombia, a Texas ranch ''legation." owner; and to the Dominican Republic, an obscure crim!nal lawy('.r. If any one of these gentlemen knows the Spanish language, it is a The same Sun article just referred to points out that the sit­ mere accident in determining his claim to the appointment; the diplo­ uation which we have been describing is by no means confined ma tic experience of one a "J.d all of them is nil, · and their · capacity to to our foreign posts. The Department of State in Washington represent the country abroad in any .diplomatic position whatever more than questionable. And yet we expect the Latin Americans to respect 1s equaliy a prey to the spoilsmen. and esteem us when we send them an assortment of political hacks to do Mr. RAINEY. Mr. Chairman-- work which other countries reserve for trained diplomats and cultivated Mr. ROGERS. I can not yield. My time is almost gone. gentlemen . . I~ is tp be rememl?ered that the prese~t administration has made as Speaking of the same group, the New York Sun said, under clean n sweep o:t all competent diplomatic officers within the depart­ ment as without it. There are only two men in the department who date of December 21: · · know how to draw up a diplomatic dispatch in the form current and They will remain so long as they are suffered to remain; at wors~ :tccept\.ld in the international usage of the world. Those are Mr. Moore seandals, at best jokes; jokes to the officials with whom they have to and Mr. Adee. The ·Secretary bas made a clean sweep of everybody deal, jokes to their diplomatic -colleagues, contributing to the gaiety of 1914. !JONGR~SSION AL _~EQQRD _-HOUSE. .6161. other nations and to the shame and disgrace of their_own. It is this who had reached a high position by promotion after years of miserable- state of things that Mr. Bryan has what can only be called the impudence ot pretending that the motive to it has been a desire to continuous and efficient service. We should not have been sat­ improve the Diplomatic Service. A more brazenly and shamelessly false isfied, in view of his professions, if he had merely continued pretense was never made. without improvement a most commendable policy of the Repub:­ -Col. Haivey, writing in the February North American of the lican Party in its recent years. We felt confident that a man Latin-American appointments, says: of his record could be absolutely depended upon to root out the Twelve trained and capable representatives, several of whom entered last hint of Jacksonism, in the Diplomatic Service at least. But the service under competitive examination and all of whom had long to how low a degree has the service been brought within the sin<'e forsaken partisanship, are superseded by mere party hacks whose ages clearly di.squal_ify them for continuance in office for sufficient time short space of a year. What hope of the future is held out t~ to equip themselves for proper performance of their duties. A clearer the secretaries now in the service to continue with the confi­ case of partisan political debauchery can not be imagip.ed. di:mce that merit will mean promotion? What appeal is·lliere This from the " discoverer " of President Wilson! to the right men to embark upon this career as their life work 1 The New York Sun, on September 21, said of the diplomatic The Secretary of State does no·t "favor or look with sympathy appointments: · upon the idea of building up a trained and permanent diplo­ As to their special or even general fitness for the places they are to matic force with a permanent tenure of office such as obtains occupy, it is absurd to conceive that Mr. Bryan ever troubled himself in the Army and N~vy a_nd the Federal judiciary." Indeed, he with that considet·ation. If be had, he would have begun by question­ ing himself as to his own fitness for the Secretaryship of State, and is quoted as having said that he regards the chance of displace­ the result of a candid inquiry on that score would have been a vacancy ment as " one of the current risks of the business of being a in the office within 24 hours. minister." There is summed up in a dozen words the present The New York Times, in a similar strain, says, December 16: diplomatic policy of a great Nation. Is it the right policy? Is In only three cf the cases have the appointees been mi:m whose it a policy which in these days, when skill and specialization station and actinty would justify the expectation that they would are demanded as never before, is likely to raise the United bring special qualifications to their work. In most instances the presumption that they would not do so is warranted. States to that position among its fellow nations which we, as I have quoted very freely throughout my remarks from news­ patriotic Americans, demand that it shall occupy? [Applause paper articles of the past six months and from editorial refer­ on the Republican side.] I yield back the balance of my time. ence to these news items. It will be observed, as I have before The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman yields back five minutes. _pointed out, that in almost every instance the newspaper cited _ Mr. JOHNSON of South· Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 is regarded as a Democratic organ or sympathizer, and in most minutes to the gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. PAGE]. departments of governmental activity has been a warm admirer Mr. PAGE of North Carolina. .Mr. Chairman, it is not my .of the administration. How much more damning is their indict­ purpose to discuss things political· in the brief space of time ment then when they, with every inclination to approve, make that I have asked the chairman to yield to me at this tinie, but, having listened with a . good deal of interest to the gentle­ .these bitter denunciations of the diplom~tic changes. 1\lany criticisms of the administration are. necessarily matters of man that preceded me [Mr. RoGERS], it is no wonder to me opinion on which equally conscientious and well-informed men or any other Democrat that the members of the party that .may differ. Here, on the other hand, is a state of affairs based has been in control of the Government for 16 years and has on definite, specific facts and information with regard to which so manipulated the pretended civil-service laws that we have there can not be the slightest opportunity for difference of as to fill every · branch of the Government with partisan Re­ opinion. Every fair-minded, reasonable man, whatever his publicans should now think it· a crime that any of these men party, must think the same way here. That eminent Democrat, should lose their places at the public trough. [Laughter and Col. Harvey, refers to the Diplomatic Service- applause on the Democratic side.] Whose reformation upon a higher plane, initiated by Secretary Hay I am not, I am free to say, an ardent admirer of the civil ·and scrupulously safeguarded by Secretary Root and Secretary Knox, service, and never have been; but as administered by the party wlth the full approval of Presidents McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft, _that has been in power for these last years in our country, I reflects the highest credit upon the Republican Party. • do not hesitate to say that it is a howling farce. But it is my .A.nd the Outlook for March 7, after adversely- criticizing the purpose to discuss for a little while not the particular items .twenty.odd new appointments to Latin America, "for the :rea­ contained in the appropriation bill that is now before the House, son that with those countries, with which we need to be in in­ but appropriations in general. creasingly. good . relations, the men who have been occupying In the first place, I want to say-because, perhaps, some gen­ ministerial posts and who have earned those posts by promo­ tlemen do not know.::_that I am not a member of the subcom­ tion have now been replaced by men of no experience," says: mittee that framed this bill. I think there are few men in the The political sweep would indicate some abandonment of the policy begun by John Hay. Convinced that our foreign relations were ot too House who do not have service upon the committees that frame much moment to be the plaything of spoilsmen, Mr. Hay established appropriation bills who have any adequate idea of the amount a system of examinations for entrance to the Diplomatic Service. of painstaking labor that is bestowed by gentlemen upon whom Some of the very men whose places have now been filled by new ap­ this responsibility is placed in the making of these bills as they pointees began theii· careers in diplomacy, as is shown above, by ex­ -amination, and reached the higher grades only through the system of are reported to the House. Days and nights of laborious effort promotion, also inaugurated by Mr. Hay. Since his day the retention of ·are put forth on the part of the membership of these committees such men has been fostered by Secretaries Root and Knox, and has in an effort to report bills that are in line with the promises now come to be accepted as the principle governing our service, no matter who may be President in the White House. of a party to which they belong, the party that is responsible Any onslau~ht on such reforms would be a most objectionable feature to the country, having gone to the country on a promise to in any new administration. Exactly this is true of Mr. ·Bryan's record. cut off these appropriations that are not warranted in the The principle actuating the three Secretaries who preceded him was that politics should play a diminishing part in the service. The contrary public service and in confining the amounts to what is necessary has been true of him, for he has put out experienced men at home and to be appropriated for the efficient and effective service of the abroad to make room for his appointees. Government. I do not pretend that the record of the Republican Party in These Members of the House who do this onerous labor deserve this respect is unimpeachable, but no man who has taken the not only the consideration of the membership of the House, but trouble to inform himself in the least degree can fail to be con­ they deserve the consideration of the country. But the respon­ vinced that at least it had in the last decade made a long and sibility, afte.r all, for the appropriations that are made of the noteworthy stride toward the establishment of the Diplomatic public money is a divided one, and the responsibility finally Service upon a merit basis. And now in less than a year all this comes to that party that is in power in the country for the has been thrown away; at best it will take many years to repair appropriation of the public money. I have no disposition to the damage. The handicap in the past to getting the best men try to place upon the minority side of the Chamber the slightest for our Diplomatic Service had been its lack of permanency. responsibility for any appropriation that is enacted into law by This handicap was being rapidly overcome. the Si.xty-thiTd Congress. I believe that full responsibility rests The Democratic-Party, recognizing this condition when it cost with the majority side of the House and the majo1ity of the it nothing, said in its 1912 platform: other legislative body. · Merit and ability should be the standard of appointment and promo­ Responsibility for appropriations from a party standpoint tion rather than service rendered to a political party. rests with the executive department that submits to Congress We have already observed the ringing words of President the items for the expenses of the Government for the fiscal Wilson to much the same effect. What an opening had he, a year for which we are appropriating. I want to say that in my fo.rmer officer of the National Civil Service Reform League and observation,· it matters not which political party is in power, always an avowed leader of the merit system, to get away from the· administrative branch of the Government, because of cir­ such traces of the spoils system as the Republican Party had cumstances that sunound it, because of the environment and not already eliminated from the Dipl.omatic Service. There human nature tha~ pervades all men, that they being the peo­ was his golden opportunity, to recognize tJ:le service of the men ple-·who , a~e to ·expend the money that we appropriate, ar~ in- LI-:._389 .6168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2, dined to ask for more than is essential for the economical corporation tax and the income tax-will bring at least a small administration of goyernmental affairs. In proof of this state- part of the population to a realization of the fact that they are ment, if you will take the Book of Estimates that is submitted contributors to the e::&.-pense of the maintenance of the National to the Congress and the appropriation bills as they are reported . Government. The only hope, in my judgment, of e\er reduc­ out of the committee, and the bills that finally pass and are ing in amount the money that is expended for the conduct of written into the law, you will find without exception, not only the affairs of the Government lies in this direction, · and unless during this Congress but dUTing the pt·eceding Congress and all we get away further and further from the system of indirect former Congresses, the estimates of the expenses of the Gov- taxation and come to a system of direct taxation the expense ernment submitted by the executive departments have been in of the conduct of the Government, in spite of the promises we exce s of the amount either recommended by the committees or have made to the people, will be such that we will never see the enacterity, in his individual capacity, to jority of both branches of the Congress before it could reduce respect the pledge of his party, and, where committees have or keep within certain bounds the expenditures. made reductions, stand behind them. 1\fr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, will the gen- Tllere has never been an appropriation bill, so far as my ob- tleman yield? ser\ution goes, reported to this Congress or to any former Con- Mr. PAGE bf North Carolina. Certainly. gress since I have bad the honor to be a Member of it, that was 1\Ir. GARRE'l'T of Tennessee. Does not the gentleman think not increased oyer the amount that was recommended by the committee reporting it by the membership of the House upon that a budget committee would be, howeyer, a valuable addi- the floor in the passage of the bill. In other words, the tend- tion? . ency always has been to increase and never to reduce, and this Mr. PAGE of North Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I am free to accounts in large measure for the fact that every bill enacted say to the gentleman that I have not reached a definite conclu­ into law by the Congress is in a larger amount than the amount ·sion. I do not know just how much rrlight be effected by the recommended by the committees who, item by item, studied the creation of a budget committee the functions of which are detail of the appropriations making up the aggregate of the bill. merely to place a limitation upon the appropriating committees :We ha\e recently seen some of the in:fiuences that are seen in as to the amount they could expend, but I will say this, be­ e\ery Congress, the influences that bring about this condition of cause I do not want to be misunderstood: r.rhis part of the things. I do not hesitate to say thnt there are certain organi- legislative branch of the Government has and can have no con­ zations in this country that are strong en<>ugh and powerful trol over another branch. The gentleman knows, as I know, enough, because of their political influence or of their supposed that every appropriation bill that goes from this branch to the political influence to write into appropriation bills in their pas- other branch is increased, never diminished. sage through the House of Representatives and through the We may place all the limitations we please upon it which are Senate amounts that are not estimated for by the executive de- proper in this House and live up to it, and yet we have no power partments, for which there is no warrant of law. That has in the last analysis to keep them from writing more into the bills been recently done in this present Congress, and because of the than the butlget committee has apportioned to the committees political influences that surround gentlemen they feel impelled of the House. to appropliate the tax money of the people m an amount not Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. That is very true; of course, warranted by any evidence given to the Congress beyond the the only effect it could have in that respect would be the moral amount that is necessary for the proper and economical admin- effect. istration of the particular function of government for which it 1\lr. PAGE of North Carolina. If the gentleman will allow, I is appropriated. h:ne never seen an instance in which any moral influence The attitude of the country as a whole toward the expendi- affected some legislative bodies when it comes to appropriating ture of public money is just the same attitude as the member- money. E1ery time some gentleman wants an appropriation ship of this House, because human nature in the aggregate is, for a specific object or a special purpose, knowing that the limit after a11, the aggregate human nature of the individual. has been reached so far as the revenues of the country are con- If an appropriation is going into a given congressional dis- cerned in the expenditures already authorized or already in trict or into a given section of the country, not only the Rep- contemplation, if it happens to be that he wants to increase resentatives of that section or of that district upon the floor the amount of pensions paid to the old soldiers, and I do not of this House stand for that appropriation, whether it is rea- hesitate to say, with all due credit to the patriotism of those sonalJle or not, but it is only the truth to say that the people who defended the country, that the largest element entering where this money is to be expended stand for the same thing, into these appropriations ·is political, "Why," they say, "yes; regar

of this country what it should be," and so it goes on through as to his expense upon the same mileage, as being greater than the whole list. mine; or, if the proposition was reversed, of mine being greater .Mr. BARTLETT. And the alternative is either to reduce the than his. And 1 think that is one criticism of this proposition number of battleships or pay less pensions to soldiers. that is submitted here, with one other, for which I do not be­ Mr. PAGE of North . Carolina. Of course. Gentlemen who lieve there is any justification, and I have stated it repeatedly haTe charge of the naval bill come upon the floor of the House? in the di-scussion of this matter at former times, of the Gov­ and every 12" months during the 11 years I have had the honor ernment paying the expenses of my wife or my children from to serye in this }:>ody they have endeavored to show us we were our home to the National Capital. [Applause.] upon tlle very brink of war and appealed to the patriotism of I do not think it is any more the business of the GoYernment tlle country in order that we may grant the demands in favor of to pay the railroad fare of my wife and children than it is to this branch of the Government. There is no defense, in my pay their board bill or to pay anything else in ronnectiou. with judgment, for the amount of money appropriated for the naval their expenses. The Government gives to each Member of Con­ establishment to-day, and it is indefensible from any stand­ gress a salary which, if he is extremely economical, he can point; there is but one reason for these continued appropriations, manage to squeeze through on, and any Member who comes to in my judgment, and that is the Armor-plate Trust. [Applause.] the Congress of the United States for the money there is in it We hear the same thing when it comes to appropriating in con­ has no business in the Congress. nection with the Army . Mr. BURKE of Wisconsin. Will the gentleman yield? .Mr. BARTLETT. May I say to the gentleman that the same The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield to the gentleman reasons given in other countries and this as reasons why they from Wisconsin? have been able to keep up their big sums appropr~ated for arma­ Mr. PAGE of North Carolina. I do. ment are also carried on by the men who are engaged in the Mr. BURKE of Wisconsin. Do you not think the allowance manufacture of armor plate and armament? of mileage for a Member's wife will tend to encourage matri­ Ur. PAGE of North Carolina. Certainly; they are the bene­ mony among the Members of this House? ficiaries of the appropriation, and, of course, it is very evident Mr. PAGE of North Carolina. No. I do not think they need here and everywhere. any encouragement. There is not an unmarried 1\Iember of it Ur. BARTLETT. As evidence of it we have the scandals in but that would embark upon that enterprise if he had a proper Germany and Japan on this subject. opportunity, mileage or no mileage. l\Ir. PAGE of North Carolina. Of course. I have come to But, as I have said, I shall support this measure, becnuse it tlle place where individually I have lost hope of seeing the is a vast improTement over the present law. I tell you, my appropriations for the conduct of the Government reduced. If it colleagues of the House of Representatives, say what you please is not one thing, then it is another. We had come within sight about this being a part of the compensation of l\Iembers, you of a reduction of the public expenditures with the completion will never convince the people of the country that it is any­ of the Panama Canal. We hope to open that great waterway to thing but a little piece of petty graft that you are standing the world within a very short time, and appropriations for it for, and the House of Representatives and each individual in it are already diminishing and will be less in the bill we report ought to rise aboTe the selfishness that impels him to want a at this session of Congress than they have been possibly since few dollars to come in this way and remove from the body as a we have had that great undertaking in hand, but as we saw in whole the criticism that is aimed at it by the public on matters sight the hope for a saving of the Public Treasury there, we are of this kind. I was going to say if this proposition is Toted confronted with a proposition, already enacted into law, to down I shall offer an amendment paying the Member of Con­ build a railroad, as the gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE] gress 5 cents a mile each way to and from a session of Con­ expressed it, from a glacier to an iceberg in frozen Alaska, and gress, and that is, in my individual judgment, what the amount there spend $40,000,000 of the people's money. So I haTe lost should be. That will meet every expenditure that he has to hope tllat there is any possibHity of ever reducing the amount make in coming to and going from Washington. that is to be expended by the American Congress. Mr. FESS. Will the gentleman yield? If it does not go for one thing it will go for another, and the 1\Ir. PAGE of North Carolina. For a question. task, my colleagues, that is your task and mine, and the one 1\lr. FESS. Why not make it the actual mileage that we pay that the people are going to hold us responsible for, is in the in the States when we travel from place to place? Why put it future not so much the aggregate amount of these appropri­ at 5 cents a mile? ations, because they, like myself, have lost hope of reducing Mr. PAGE of North Carolina. Simply because you want it to them, but they are going to tenaciously ·hold us to account for be a definite amount. There is no fixed charge. You pay so the details of those expenditures. If we expend money for a much a mile for your railroad fare, but your Pullman fare proper thing, well and good, but they are not going to counte­ makes a difference. I would like to pay the expense of traveling nance a continuance of the expenditure for those things that to and from the Capital, that and no more. And, as I said, they, the people, do not want and do not believe are necessary. should this proposition fail, I shall offer that amendment to In conclusion, because I realize that I am consuming very the bill. And I hope that something will be done at this time much more time than I intended to consume, I wish to say there to remove, as I said a while ago, that criticism of the Congress is just one item proposed in the pending bill about which I as a whole, as well as to individual Members, because we are desire to speak a word, realizing as I do that when the bill going on at this la~ day, accepting-paying to ourselves 20 comes before the House in the Committee of the Whole under cents a mile for travel-an amount that was fixed 50 years ago the five-minute rule and this item is reached almost every gen­ under conditions absolutely different from those which pt·evail tleman in the House will want to take a turn at it, and I may not then have the opportunity. L refer to the propos:tion that to-day. has been reported in this bill touching the mileage of the Mem­ Mr. GOOD. ·Mr. Chairman, in the opening of the remarks bers of Congress. During my service in this body, I think with of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. AN'SBERBY] he called at­ the exception of the first Congress, the Fifty-eighth, I have tention to two diplomatic representatives of this country who made an effort, either in the committee or upon the floor of the had been accused of doing dishonorable . things, and, when House in the Committee of the Whole, to reduce the present pressed for the names of those persons, the gentleman from mileage paid to Members of Congress. North Carolina refused to yield. It leaves the situation, I On this, as on some other propositions that I haTe advocated think, in a very bad way. In all fairness to the gentleman dear to Members' hearts, I have gone down each time to defeat. from Ohio and in all fairness to that great body of honest At this time, while I shall support the proposition that is sub­ diplomatic representatives of the United States, I think the mitted in the bill for the paying of the actual expenses to and two men referred to ought to be named, in order that those who from the sessions of Congress of a Member and the immediate are not guilty will not be stamped with this ignominy. and dependent members of his family, I am free to say that 1\Ir. ANSBERRY. Mr." Chariman, will the gentleman yield? I do not think it is the best proposition that could be adopted, The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Iowa yield to for the reason that has been stated by several gentlemen who the gentleman from Ohio? interrupted the chairman of the subcommittee in his presenta­ Mr. GOOD. Yes. tion of the bill this morning. 1\fy objection to that is that it Mr. Al~SBERRY. I will state to the gentleman this: I re­ brings about a review ·on the part of somebody of the state­ peatedly sought to interrupt the gentleman from Massachusetts ments that would be made by each Member of Congress, and it [Mr. RoGERS] to ask him the selfsame question that the gentle­ will likely bring about some embarrassments and a great num­ man from Iowa [Mr. Goon] has asked of me, or that he has inti­ ber of inequalities. My friend from Ohio may come to the mated he would ask me-that is, to name the two gentlemen Capital in the dl·awing-room of a Pullman car, while I may come to whom he referred-and the gentleman from Massachusetts from about an equal distance in an ordinary berth, and very receiYed encouragement from the yery gentleman who now asks often I have t~ take the upper one, and there would be criticism me that question not to yield, so that I could answer the ques· 6170 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2,,

tion; and now my friend complains that no name was mentioned !lfr. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, a man can not be taken in connection with the things I said. I want to ask the gentle- off the floor on a parliamentary inquiry. man from Iowa, in all fairness-- . The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Iowa [1\fr. Goon] Mr. GOOD. 1\lr. Chairman, I did not yield to the gentleman has the floor, and he has repeatedly refused to yield to the for a speech. I yielded to him to give the names of the two gentleman from Ohio [Mr. ANSBEBRY]. The Chair hopes the persons he says have violated the laws of this country. committee will be in order. Mr. ANSBERRY. Does not the gentleman know the names Mr. GOOD. Mr. Chairman, I have not raised this question of the two persons i.·eferred to? for the purpose of stirring up any bad blood. I raised it in Ml'. GOOD. No. order, first, that the gentleman might not rest under the charge .Mr. ANSBERRY. Then you have read them in the news­ that he would make a general indictment against this class papers? of men without naming the person who brought in gasoline Mr. GOOD. No. for friends in violation of the law or who was sued for a Mr. ANSBERRY. If the gentleman is anxious to get this gambling debt while he was a diplomatic representative. The into the RECORD, I will tell the gentleman plainly I am not going gentleman can see that by leaving that charge unexplained, to mention the names, because as to the first onG I do not without naming the persons, it leaves the charge resting upon recollect his name, and-- every man who has sened in that capacity. I do not know­ Mr. GOOD. Mr. Chairman, I did not yield for a speech. and I will say to the gentleman from Ohio that I have asked Mr. ANSBERRY. The gentleman wants to know my posi­ a number of men on this side of the House about it-and I tion on this matter. have been unable to ascertain the name of either of those The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. gentlemen. They have never heard the names. I do think Mr. GOOD. The gentleman can get time from the other side that the gentleman ought to name the men, and I yield to him if he wishes to speak. for the purpose of naming the men, but for no other purpose. .Mr. ANSBERRY. But the gentleman from Iowa asked me a The CHAIRl\IAN. The gentleman yields to the gentleman question. from Ohio. The CHAIR:i\.lA.N. The gentleman from Ohio must under­ Mr. GOOD. For the purpose, Mr. Chairman-- stan(} that the gentleman from Iowa has the floor, and need not 1\Ir. ANSBERRY. I want an opportunity, Mr. Chairman, of yield to him unless he wishes. That is his privilege. answering the gentleman and the statement he made with Mr. A.NSBERRY. Mr. Chairman, a parliamentary inquiry. reference to me before I will answer any question which the The CHA.IRl\fAN. The gentleman will state it. gentleman propounds. Mr. ANSBERRY. The gentleman impugned my motives in The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from Iowa yield to making a statement here on the floor a few moments ago, and the gentleman from Otio for that purpose? called upon me to answer; and when I rose here for the pur­ Mr. GOOD. The gentleman from Ohio has not the floor? pose of answering it, the gentleman refused to yield to rue the The CHAIRMAN. No; the gentleman from Ohio has not the time in which to answer. floor. · l\Ir. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, a point of order. That is Mr. GOOD. I yield to the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. ANs­ not a parliamentary inquiry. BERRY] for the purpose of naming the two men that he referred Mr. ANSBERRY. We will see about that. The gentleman, to a while ago, and for no other purpose. then, says he will not yield. Mr. Al~SBERRY. Mr. Chairman, I refuse to accept the time Mr. STAFFORD. 1\fr. Chairman, I make the point of order of the gentleman, and with it a string which only permits me that the gentleman is not making a parliament.•uy inquiry. to say what he desires me to say, in the face of the fact that The CHAIRMAN. The Chair thinks the gentleman from Ohio on this floor, in violation of the rules, as I understand them, he understands the rules sufficiently to know that when a gentle­ made a statement with reference to me that was absolutely man has the floor he has the right to refuse to yield as he lacking in fact. may desire. Mr. LAFFERTY~ The regular order! :Mr. ANSBERRY. The gentleman does not understand the Mr. GOOD. Oh, I think the gentleman-- situation. He did yield the floor for the purpose of allowing 1\Ir. ANSBERRY. In making that statement I do not intend me to answer, and then he stopped me in the middle of my to impugn the gentleman's honesty. statement after he had yielded to me. l\1r. MOORE. Will t11e gentleman from Iowa yield? The CHAIRMAN. From his observation of the rules of the 1\Ir. GOOD. I yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania. House and from their interpretation by other Chairmen of the 1\Ir. MOORE. Is it ·not true that the gentleman from Ohio, Committee of the Whole, the pre~ent occupant of the chair in asking his question of the gentleman from Massachusetts thinks the gentleman who has the floor has the right to yield [Mr. RoGERS], stated that he had read in the newspapers about for the purpose of answering a question, and he has the right these two ambassadors? at any time to stop the answer, as he pleases. 1\fr. ANSBERRY. That is a species of sharp practice that Mr. ANSBERRY. Why, certainly. ought not to be permitted under any rule. Mr. MOORE. And is it not true that apparently the gen­ The CHAIRMAN. There is no case of sharp practice to be tleman from Ohio did not feel that he was in a position to pasEed on by the Chair. name them? . Mr. GOOD. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman is entirely mis­ l\Ir. GOOD. I do not know what the gentleman's feelings are taken. My sole motive in asking the question of the gentleman in that respect. from Ohio-to name the two persons-was to remove from that Mr. MOORE. Was it not the impression of the gentleman body of men who have been doing honest and good work in from Iowa that the pm·pose of the gentleman from Ohio was our Diplomatic Service the charge that the gentleman places to put the responsibility of the answer to his question upon the upon them. gentleman from Massachusetts [1\Ir. llooEBs], and that the Mr. ANSBERRY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? gentleman from Ohio [Mr. ANSBERRY] desired to evade responsi­ The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? bility for that statement? Mr. GOOD. I will not yield now. l\1r. GOOD. I do not know what was in his mind. I can only The CHAIR!\'IAN. The gentleman from Iowa declines to answer the gentleman by saying that the charge was made, and yield. I felt-- Mr. GOOD. It was not to place the gentleman, whom I ad­ 1\Ir. Al.~SBERRY. Mr. Chairman-- mire, in any bad light. I did feel that the gentleman was The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? placed in a bad light when the gentleman from North Carolina l\Ir. GOOD. When I have finished my statement. I felt that [Mr. PAGE] refused to yield when the question was asked him. in fairness to the diplomatic representatives of the United States If I should make the charge on the floor of this House that a the names of the persons who had violated the law ought to be Representati\e was dishonest, I would not leave that charge placed in the RECORD. standing as a general indictment against the whole House. 1\Ir. l\lOORE. In view of the- fact that the gentleman from Mr. ANSBERRY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Ohio evidently was followin·g a newspaper report only, and had The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? no knowledge of his own upon which to go, and desired to place Mr. GOOD. No; I can not yield. the responsibility upon the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman declines to yield. RoGERS] of making criminal charges against two of our am­ 1\Ir. GOOD. But if a question was asked me to name the bassadors, would it not be just as well to let the gentleman person who was dishonest and a criminal, I would name him, from Ohio get out of it the best way he can? and not lea\e the charge in the air. 1\fr. GOOD. I have no objection. The gentleman may ex­ 1\fr. ANSBERRY. Mr. Chairman, a parliamentary inquiry. punge it from the llECORD if he desires, so far as I am con­ The CHAIRMAN. 'rhe gentleman will state it. cerned. 1914. OONGRESSIO~AL RECORD-HOUSE. 6171

Mr. ANSBERRY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield tions. The Committee on Interstate and F()reign CDmmerce to me! and the Committee on the Judiciary have had extensive hear­ .Mr. GOOD. Mr. Chairman, I yield the floor. ings on pending bills covering the entire subject of antitrust Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 legislation. I have been greatly interested in this subject. I minutes to the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. FowLER]. .am an ardent advocate of the proposition to create a Fede1·a1 Mr. ANSBERRY. Will the gentleman let me have five min­ trade commission. I believe that such a commission, with ade­ utes? quate power and jurisdiction, is absolutely necessary to protect Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I have promised to yield the people from the large indush·ial concerns, possessing more to the gentleman from Illinois. or less monopolistic power. The Republican and Progressive Mr.. A.NSBERRY. By that time what I want to say will be Parties, by platform declarations, and the Democratic Party cold. . by the message of the President, are committed to the proposi­ Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. How much time does the tion to create a Federal trade commission. The controversy gentleman desire? in this legislation will be over the power to be given to such Mr. ANSBERRY. Make it 10 minutes. commission. In the bill which I introduced in this House more Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I yield to the gentleman than two years ago-to create a national commission with from Ohio five minutes. jurisdiction over large industrial corporations engaged in inter­ The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. A.Ns­ state commerce-the first of the kind ever introduced in this DERRY] is recognized for five minutes. House-gives the commission extensive power, sufficient, I think, 1\Ir. ANS-BERRY. 1\Ir. Chairman, the gentleman from Iowa to enable it to control not only the practices but, if necessary, [Mr. Goon], who stated that he had such a high regard for the the prices which our large corporations charge for their prod­ gentlem:m from Ohio, was so obviously fair in his reference ucts. In a short time we will no doubt be discussing the ques­ that while he called attention to the things that I said I had tion as to what power we should give the proposed Federal read in newspapers with reference to Republican members of the trade C()mmission. What the various States have done a.long Diplomatic Corps, and he wanted me to name them, everyone this line may be helpful to the National Government. present recalled that he stood up here and interrupted the gen­ Oklahoma has a corporation commission which, I believe, bas tleman from Massachusetts [1\Ir. RoGERS], and doubtless he was more extensive p.ower than any like commission in any other going to ask him to name the Democrats to whom he referred as State in the Union. The commission was created by our con­ being guilty of dishonorable practices. Did he? Of course he stitution and given in that instrument comprehensive power did not. That only illustrates how fair he wanted to be. over all transportation, communication, and public utility corpo­ Mr. GOOD. Will the gentleman-- rations. The power of the commission was largely extended .1\fr. ANSBERRY. I decline to yield. You have charge of the by an act of our legislature, as follows: time ()n the other side. I have only a few moments. That Sections 8220 and 8235, Revised Laws of Oklahoma, Annotated, 1910, snows the gentleman's fairness. He is not fair, despite the fact provide: "SEc. 8220. Every act, agreement, contract, or combination in the that he approaches us with fair words. I will say that the form of trust, or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or com­ gentleman who was alleged to have been sued for $75,000 to merce within this State which is against public policy is hereby de­ which I referred was the ambassador to the court of Berlin, a clared to be illegal." "SEc. 8235. Whenever any business, by reason of its nature, extent, man by the name of Leishman. Did the gentleman eveT l!ear of or the existence of a virtual monopoly therein, is f!UCh that the public that transaction by that gentleman? must use the same, or its services, or the consideration by It given or Mr. GOOD. I have heard his name- taken or oi!ered, or the commodities bought or sold therein are offered or taken by purchase or sale in such manner as to make it of public Mr. ANSBERRY. That is the man who was sued. consequence, or to affect the community at large as to supply, demand, Mr. GOOD. Are you addressing the gentleman from Iowa. or price, or rate thereof; or said business is conducted in violation of Mr. ANSBERRY. I am addressing the gentleman from Iowa. the first section of this article, said business is a public business and subject to be controlled by the State, by the corporation commission, Mr. GOOD. I have heard of lli. Lei.Bhmann, but I never o1· by any action in any district court of the State, as to all of its heard-- practices, prices, rates, and charges. And it is hereby declared to be the duty of any person. firm, or corporation engaged in any public business Mr. ANSBERRY. I refuse t() yield further to the gentleman. to render its services and.offer Its commodities, or either, upon reason­ You can E!peak in your own time. Now, mind you. I do not able terms, without discrimination, and adeq_uatelr, to the needs of the know tha.t this newspaper story was true. I read it, not in one public, considering the facilities of said busmess. ' paper at one time, but many times in many papers; and doubt­ Under this statute our State corporation commission has less men in this Chamber", on both sides of it, rea.d the same heard and acted upon a number of cases. I believe this statu­ thing. It is only fair to this man, whom I did not intend to tory provision is a wise one, and I think should be carefully name, and whom I have Mmed only because of the question studied in connection with out antitrust legislation. In connec­ asked by the gentleman from Iowa and the statement made by tion therewith I believe the decisions rendered by our corpora­ the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. MooRE]-it is only fair tion commission would also be of value, and I ask leave to to him to say that I noticed the other day in the paper that he print as part of my remarks a statement covering some of the had paid the judgment of $75,000 for the debt contracted, it is important decisions under the Oklahoma statute rendered by said by the newspapers, in a stock-gambling transaction. Now, the Oklahoma Corporation Commission and furnished me by as to the unfortunate young man with reference to whom I Hon. George A. Henshaw, a member of the Corporation Commis­ made the other statement, I do not know whether the statement sion of Oklahoma. The synopsis of such decisions furnished by is true. I hope tlult it js not. just as I hope that the statement Commissioner Heilllhaw is as follows: with reference to the ambassador to Germany, 1\Ir. Leishmann, COBPOBATION COMMISSION .OF OKLAHOMA, is not true. It was printed in the newspapers, as this other Oklahoma Oity, November 28, 1913. story was. I do not remember the name of the gentleman con­ Proposed Order No. 123. Order No. 769. In re proposed Order No. 123, investigation relative price of crude and refined petroleum. Cause No. nected with the other transaction to which I referred, but I 1719. understand he was in the Diplomatic Service fm• many years, Appearances : E. C. Patton, for the commission ; Diliard & Blake, at­ so that I think we can fairly assume that long service in the torneys for the Texas Co.; Burwell, Crockett & Johnson, attorneys for diplomatic corps does not render any man, no matter the the Waters-Pierce Oil Co. ; Parker & Simons, attorneys for the Enid political party to which he gives allegiance, immune to the Independent Oil Co. ordinary tempt.'1 tions of ordinnry men. And now I will ask FlNDINGS OF FACT, OPINION• AND OIIDER. my friend fron1 Iowa if he will not, in fairness, ask the gentle­ By the commission: The commlssion issued propose4 Order :No. 123 after m~ny comJ?laints had been filed, claiming that the stronger com· man from Massachusetts [Mr. RoGERS] to disclose the names of panies were trymg to drive the weaker companies out of the State. the unfortunate Democratic diplomats, one of whom committed During this hearing special complaints were made ~t the town of Enid, and special investigation was made at that place during the month o:f the heinous offense o:f paying for a pony with a check which August. was returned dishonored and the other of whom he said was in It was claimed at this hearing by some of the complainants, who a continuou.s state of intoxication? were engaged in the dilitribution of oil, that the price had formerly been made on the suggestion of the Waters-Pierce Oil Co. Our consti­ As I said before, I ha-re given the gentleman all the informa­ tution provides that a commodity can not be sold in one part of the tion I ha-re. It is up to the gentleman's friend and colleague, State of Oklahoma cheaper than in another part, plus additional whom he protected when I asked him the selfsame question freight rate, if any. At the time of the investigation at Enid special or secret prices had been made by some of the cornpani~s. and gasoline that the gentleman ft·om Iowa [Mr. WooD] asked me. was being sold in some instances at approximately the cost thereof to Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I yield one minute to the the distributor. The evidence showed that the distributors who bought gentleman from Oklahoma [l\fr. l\IoRGAN]. their supply from the manufacturers in Oklahoma paid slightly more than 11 cents per gallon for gasoline and 4 cents for kerosene. · Mr. MORGAN of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, the President in It is -claimed thet·e is a loss in evaporation and waste of gasoline of one of his messages to Congress has recommended the enact­ about 2 cents per gallon; tbat it costs from 1 to ln cents to distribute ment of a-dditional antitrust legislation. Among other things, the same. Hence the actual eost of gasoline on this basis would be approximately 15 cents per gallon. the President r~omruended the creatiun of a Federal trade com­ At the time of the hearing gasoline was being sold to the retail mer· mission, to have certain jurisdiction over industrial corpora- chant at from 15 to 19 cents per gallon and in some instances as low 6172 CONGRESSIONAL REC.ORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2,

as 14 cents per gallon. Since the hearing the oil distributors at· Enid 1. ICE MANUFACTURERS AND DISTRI~UTORS, were notified to raise the price of gasoline to 19 cents per gallon ~nd Order No. 210, Corporation Commission's Second and Third Annual kerosene to 9 cents per gallon. This order was made by the refinen~s, Reports, 1909-10, page 353, directs that the Tishomingo Ice & Cold without any increase in the price of cmde oil OL' increase in the pnce Storage Co. shall deliver ice to all persons in the town of Tishomingo, by the refineries to their distt·ibuting agents. and scales shall be carried on each wagon and ice weighed to consumers The loss by evaporation and waste in kerosene will not exceed one­ when requested. fourth cent per gallon. Hence the total cost to the distributor of Order No. 227, same report, page 358, fixes the price at which the kerosene would not exceed 6 cents per gallon, including the freight. Ada Ice & Fuel Co. sllall sell ice to the different classes of consumers While this investigation has not been concluded in detail, the evi­ in the town of Ada. dence was closed so fae as the special C('lnilitions at. Enid were ~on Order No. 233, same report, page 354, directs the Mangum Ice & cemed. However. at the close of that hearing all parhes 'Yere notified Cold Storage Co. to deliver ice to all parties within the corporate limits they could introduce additional evidence at Oklahoma Ctty,. No re­ of the city of Mangum and fixes the prices to be charged consumers. quest has been made of the commission to introduce any evidence, as Order No. 255, same report, page 361, directs Nathan Sass to weigh shown by the record. Counsel for the Waters-Pierce Co. suggested t_o ice to consumers in the town of Marietta when requested. one member of the commission that the~ wanted t<;> refute .some testi­ Order No. 256, same report, page 390, directs D. B. Hull to weigh mony in reference to that company fixmg the pnce of 011 at Enid. and deliver ice to consumers when requested. However, nothing has been offered up to date. Order No. 330, same report, page 403, directs the Geary Light & In view of the fact that the plices have been arbitrarily raised pend­ Ice Co. to keep its manufacturing plant clean and sanitary, and to ing this hearing beyond the maxi~u.m arn.onnt which .was charged nt adopt sufficient measures to protect ice in process of manufacture the time of the hearing, the commiSSion Will fix the prices for the sale against contamination, and to manufacture pure and wholesome ice of kerosene and gasoline at Enid. . . . . which is sold to the public. The Attorney General has filed a complamt with the comiDISSLOn .in­ Order No. 451, Corporation Commission's Fourth Annual Report, volving substantially the same matter, which has been set for heann~ 1911, page 419. imposes a fine of $100 on the Pauls Valley Ice Co. for at the December term, and the prices herein made are subject to revi­ violation of order No. 256, refusing to deliver ice as directed in said sion during that hea1·ing, and are only intend~d as a. temporary; Ol' order. emergency order until the commission can arnvc at 1ts conclusiOns Order No. 504, same repot·t, page 496, directs the Tishomingo Ice & after the hearing that is to be conducted upon behalf of the people by Cold Storage Co. to deliver ice to consumers and fixes the price the Attorney General. The GoveL"DIDent is also making an investigation thereof. of the relative value of crude oil in Oklahoma. Copy of that report Order No. 505, Corporation Commission's Fifth Annual Report, volume will be filed with the commission as soon as completed. 1, 1912, page 4!>8, directs all ice manufacturers in Oklahoma City to The contract between the refineries and some of the distributing not deliver ice to any person for delivery to consumers In Oklahoma agents at Eni"d provides that in case the price of crude oil advances the City unless such person shall have a permit ft•om the coi·poration com­ price of refined oil shonld advance one-twentieth of that amount. mission to deliver lee within the city; permits to be issued by the It is the conclusion of the commission that gas~line should be sold at commission to all who may apply, and shall authorize the recipient Enid in quantities of 5 gallons or more at a pnce not less than 16~ thet·eof to delivet· ice to consumet·s in Oklahoma City until they short cents nor more than 1 n cents per gallon, and that kerosene should be weight the consumers. When any person delivering Ice in Oklahoma sold at a price not less than 7~ cents nor more than 8 cents per gallon, City who willfully falls or refuses to give the approximate correct and that these prices should prevail at all points in . Garfield, King­ weight of ice purchased, the permit shall be canceled and the offending fisher, Blaine, Major, Alfalfa. Woods, Wood~ard, Ellis, Dewe.y .. and Grant Counties, plus any additional cost in freight rates to the different party shall not be allowed to deliver ice In Oklahoma City thereafter. NOTE.-The above ot·der bas been obeyed, and there has been 110 points. . i f th complaint in Oklahoma City among consumers as to amount of lee It is therefore ordered that pending the inveshgat on o e com- purchased. The cause of the above order was an understanding or plaint filed by the attorney general and the general investiga~on herein, all parties engaged in the distribution of kerosene and gasoline combination between employees engaged in dlstl'ibuting Ice to sell 300 in Garfield, Kingfisher, Blaine, Major, Alfalfa, Woods.• Woodwar:d, Ellis, pounds fot· the price of 400 pounds and only account to the ice manu· Dewey and Grant Counties shall charge therefor m quantities of 5 facturet· for 300 pounds. It was estimated by the Ice manufactlll'ers gallons or more for gasoline not less than 16! cents per gallon nor that the people of Oklahoma City were being defrauded of at least more than 1 n cents per gallon and for kerosene not less than n cents $200 a day by this process. nor more than 8 cents per gallon: Pr·ovided, That lower grades of g!lso­ Order No. 708, not published. Complaint against the New State llne and kerosene than the standard may be sold at a different pl'lce : Brewing Association, asking that the company be required to sell ice Pt·ovided That the · grade and pr·ice be first submitted to and approved to ice distributors for the Plll'J?OSe of reselling to the consumer in Okla­ by the commission: Provided further·, That where parties have. here~o­ homa City. The case was dismissed, the commission holding: " The fore made contracts to furnish gasoline or kerosene at a certam pnce manufacturer of a commodity has a right to select its agents of dis­ for a given time these contracts may be carried out if submitted to tribution and its system and means of distl'ibuting the commodity to and approved by the commission, and the commission wlll approve any the public in any manner it may adopt so that the public is not injured reasonable, valid contract that may diffN' from the prices herein set ther·eby. This means that a commodity which the public must use should be placed on sale wher·e it may be purchased wtthout any great forth. . f th Should this order in any way work any hardship on any o e inconvenience to the consumer." distributors of. karosene .and gasoline, or. aDJC. of the. c~nsum~rs thereof. 2, COTTO~ GINS. pending the time for which it is issued. the commiSSion will hear an Order No. 447, Fourth Annual· Report Corporation Commission, 1911, application to modify or adjtJSt the order. to meet- all .necessary and page 413. Complaint alleged that a certain cotton buyer was paying reasonable conditions when at the same time the public may not be more for cotton ginned by his gin than if the cotton were ginned by other injured. - f D b gins. The commission held that there being several cotton buyers In This order shall take effect on and after the loth day o ecem er, the town without any understanding or combination of prices, a virtual 1!>13. monopoly did not exist and the commission had no jurisdiction. The CORPORATION COMMISSION, case was dismissed. A. P. WATSON, Order No. 530, Fifth Annual Report Corporation Commission, page GEO. A. HENSHAW, 538, directs the defendant, the Harris-Irby Cotton Co., to gin custom Commissioners. cotton and fixes the price for ginning. Attest: NOTE.-There was one cotton gin located at the town of Geary, J. H. HYDE, Secreta1'1J, which was isolated by sevei'al miles from any other gin. The owner Sections 8220 and 8235, Revised Laws of Oklahoma Annotated, of this gln was bu:yin~ cotton in the seed. The merchants were also buying cotton. The "'ID man refused to gin cotton fot· anyone except 1910, provide: himself. 'l'hat is, before their cotton could be ginned they must sell SEC. 8220. Every act, agreement, contract•. or com~ination in the it to this one buyer·. The commission held that before a person who form of trust. or otherwise, or conspiracy m restramt of . trade or had dedicated private pt·operty to a public use could withdraw the same commerce within this State, which is against public policy, Is hereby he must give a reasonable notice in advance of such action. If not, declared to be illegal. thrashing-machine owners, in the middle of a thrashing season, could SEc. 8235. Whenever any business, by reason of its nature, extent, refuse to thrash wheat for· farmers and force them to sell the wheat tn the field at such price as the machine owners may see fit to make. or the existence of a virtual m.onopoly therein,. is su~h that. the public must use the same or its services, or the considern.hon by It given or 3. COTTO~ COMPRESSES. taken or o!Iered, or the commodities bought or sold therein are offered Ot·der No. 559, Fourth Annual Report of Corporation Commission, Ql' taken by purchase or sale in such manner as to make it of public page 606. Complaint asks that the Clinton Ice and Commerce Co. be unsequence or to aii~ct the community at large as to supply, demand, required to operate its compress at Clinton, Okla. The case was dis· or price or rate thereof, or said business is conducted in violation of missed and afterwards reinstated and an order made requiring the the first section of this article, said business is a public business, and compress to operate during the season 1913-14. subject to be controlled by the State, by the corporation commission, Order No. 642~ not published, prescribes the regulations for weighing or hy any action in any district court of the State, as to all of its cotton at compresses. Cotton is sold on the basis of compress weights. practices prices rates, and charges; and it is hereby declared to be During damp weather the weigher at the compress docks the cotton a the duty' of any person, firm, or corporation engaged in any public certain number or pounds per bale which, in his judgment, will amount business to render its services and offer its commodities, ot· either, to the moisture absorbed. This discretion on the part of the weigher upon reasonable terms without discrimination, and adequately, to the is often abused, and it was alleged that favorite cotton buyers were needs of the public, considering the facilities of said business. sometimes given a great advantage. The commission held that where Reference to opinions and orders of the corporation commis­ cotton was docked for dampness or other causes the actual weights, together with the amount each bale was docked, should be submitted to sion under the antitrust act of Oklahoma pertaining to the fol­ both parties in interest, and the cotton should be reweighed at the lowing classes of business : request of either party. 1. Ice manufacturers and distr·ibutors. This order has been complied with and has given satisfaction to all 2. Cotton gins. parties concerned. Both the lmyer·s and the compresses would now 3. Cotton compressors. object to its repeal, notwithstanding it was resisted at the time it was 4. Oil, kerosene and gasoline. issued. 5. Newspapers. 4. OIL CO:IIPANIES. 6. Retail lumber yards. Order No. 601, Fifth Annual Report Corporation Commission, 1912, 7. Mill products. volume 1 page 690, directs the Waters-Pierce Oil Co., the Texas Co., 8. Combination laundries. and the Oklahoma Oil Co. to sell kerosene in quantities of 1 barrel or 9. Bus and transfer companies. more at the same price. NoTE.-This order was the result of oil companies selling oil stoves Reference will be made under each subject in the order above to the farmers in those localities where there was no timber or other named, and all of the orders made under this act by the com­ fuel and agreed that oil should be furnished them in barrel lots at jobber's prices. Aftet· stoves were installed the local dealers objected mission have been complied with and appear to have the effect to this arrangement. Complaint was tile.lf and the above order resulte~ of satisfying all parties mter•ested. which is being strictly obeyed. 1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6173

Order No. 728, not published, directs that the Texas Co. and Waters­ the Senator or Congressman to pay out of his salary all his Pierce Oil Co. shall sell gasoline in the town of Idabel, Okla., for the same price it sells in other sectionS' of the country plus any additional other trav,eling expenses. Besides, he will have to pay out of transportation ·charge and distributing expense. his salary for his living expenses, printing, and extra clerical Order No. 769, not published, temporary order fixing jobbers' 8rice help. of kerosene and gasoline in the northwest part of the State of kla­ homa. This order was set aside pending fina:l disposition of the case. No Senator or l\Iember of Congress can live and pay all his 5. NEWSPAPERS, expenses out of this salary of $7,500 without the most rigid Order No. 704, not published. This was an opinion based upon a: economy. The thoughtless will answer at once, " Let him re­ • complaint and agreed statement of facts filed . by the Mellon Co., a sign; plenty of others are willing to take his place." As for large retail dry goods bouse, against the Daily Oklahoman alleging myself, I am perfectly willing to quit Congress any time. And that the Daily Oklahoman had a virtual monopoly on all morning adver­ tising in Oklahoma City, and asked that this newspaper be requil'ed I am perfectly willing to stay in Congress and fight for the to advertise .for the Mellon Co. at the same rate as it did for other rights of the common people of this country so long as they similar concerns. The Oklahoman bad refused to accept advertising desire my services. But if the common people are wise, they from the Mellon Co. because of a controversy over other business transactions. The commission found that 1t was the duty of the Okla­ will see to it that Congressmen and Senators are paid sufficient homan to advCI'tise for the Mellon Co., but made no order. The remuneration so that they will not be forced to look elsewhere Daily Oklahoman followed the findings of the commission and complied than to the people themselves for their support or expenses.. with the suggestions made therein. All parties are now satisfied. [Applause.] 6. RETAIL LUMBER YARDS, The special interests of this country would like to see the Order No. 589, Fifth Annual Report Corporation Commission, volume 1, page 656, directs the local lumber yards at Cherokee to sell )umber salaries ~d allowances of Senators and Representatives so low to all parties without discrimination in price for the same quality and that no one except a grafter or a rich man could afford to serv-e quantity. in either branch of Congress. Some highbrows do not think NOTE.-This complaint was filed by an independent lumber yard, claiming that other lumber yards were selling lumber at or below cost, now that any man has any business running for Congress unless for the purpose of destroying competition. he. has sufficient fortune to make a splurge in Washirigton so­ 7. MILL PRODUCTS. ciety without the aid of his salary. A Congress made up of Order No. 710, not published. Complaint was filed asking that the that kind of men would certainly suit the plutocrats exactly._ Cordell Gin & Milling Co. be required to sell its products to certain [Applause.] retail merchants. Complaint was dismissed. the commission holding that it has no jurisdiction in the regulation of a private business which When the salaries of Senators and Representatives are raised deals with the public unless a virtual monopoly is shown. All laws to $10,000 a year, then I will favor cutting out mileage, but regulating mills have been in the interest of the ultimate consumer and not before. Their salaries should be $10,000 a year, and I not the middleman or . the distributor of the product. The manufac­ turer of a commodity bas a right to select its agents of distribution would vote for a bill to fix that amount to~day, if I had the and its system and means of distributing the commodity to the public opportunlty. . in the manner it may adopt 1! the public is not injured thereby. Af $10,000 a year the 532 Senators and Congressmen would 8, COMBINATION LAUNDRIES. draw pay annually a_mounting to $5,320,000. That would cost Order No. 685, not published, dil'ects five laundries in Oklahoma City. each citizen oply 5f cents per year. who are organized under the name of the Oklahoma Operating Co., to not increase their pric~s over those which were charged before the Give me a Congress completely divorced from all special in­ combination took place without first applying to the commission and terests, and drawing salaries sufficient to . live on and defend securing permission, after making proper showing that the prices should their positions without any outside financial help, and I will be advanced. · (NOTE.-Five laundries in Oklahoma City combined under the name reduce the cost of living to the people of America more than of the.Oklaboma Operating Co. and issued a schedule of prices increas­ 5-i cents per head each year for the next 30 years. ing the price of laundering in the· city. This order prevented any in­ While the people would only contribute 5! cents each to raise crease in price, but the commission has no jurisdiction to dissolve com­ binations. That is for the courts. The orders of the commission go the $5,320,000 necessary to pay each Senator and Representa­ to controlling their prices and practices after the combination is made. tive a salary of $10,000 a year, Iet us consider what they con­ The order in this case has been complied with to the letter, and the tribute annually to some of the special-privilege ·corporations people do not complain of the combination, bot all are apparently satisfied.) depending upon Congress to stand pat. 9. BUS AND TllA.NSFER COMPANIES, The gross receipts of the railroads annually are $3,050,000,- Order No. 758, not published, directs the Mahoner Bus, Baggage, 000, or $30.50 per head of our population. By passing a law Curiage & Taxicab Co. to transfer all baggage under slDlilar condiUons for the same prices, and it can not refuse to deliver any baggage when providing that no railroad company should be allowed to fix tendered. . · rates upon any basis other than a reasonable profit upon its (NOTE.-This complaint ·grew out of a controversy between the bag­ actual physical value, and providing legislation for the imme­ gage company and a traveling salesman, wherein the baggage co-mpany · refused to transfer the baggage of the salesman at any price because of diate carrying of this act into effect, Congress would save the some personal difference. '.rhe order is being complied with.) American people at least $10 per head per year. Yet salaries Mr. JOHNSON of South ·Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I yield of Senators and Representatives at $10,000 a year would only, 10 minutes to the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. LAFFERTY]. cost the people 5! cents per year. Mr. LAFFERTY. 1\Ir. Chairman, I am unalterably opposed The gross receipts of the express companies amount to $1.68 to the provision in this bill cutting down the allowance now per head of our population. Were we to at once extend the made to each Senator and -Representative for traveling ex­ _parcel post so as to supersede the express companies, we would penses. No better example of the complete surrender of the save the people at least 50 cents per head per year. legislative branch of the Government to the Executive could be The farmers pay interest each year amounting to $500,000,000, found than is embodied in this bilL which is added to the cost of the necessaries of life. Were we The President is allowed a salary of $75,000 a year. In to pass a genuine rural"(!redit bill providing for the loan of addition he is allowed $25,000 for household expenses, making Treasury notes to the farmers at 2 per cent interest per annum $100,000. But that is not aiL By law he is allowed an addi­ on gilt-edged first mortgages, we would save the consumers of tional $25,000 for traveling expenses. the United States at least $2 per ~ead per annum, which now, Now, we did not get our mileage for the last session of go~s in~o the pockets of the money power and is unearned. Congress. It has been said that a bill would be brought in to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Oregon pay our mileage for the second session of this Congress except has expired. for the fact that President Wilson, in his desire to serve the Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I yield the gentleman 10 people, would veto the bHl to pay us our mileage. minutes more. I wonder if President Wilson would veto a bill appropriating Mr. LAFFERTY. Some say that if we pass a law following his $25,000 for his mileage? I say he would not. Now, he gets the exact -language of the Glass-Owen bill, providing for the even more than the $125,000 I enumerated, because he gets loaning of Treasury notes to the farmers at 2 per cent interest, $73,440 a year clerk hire for the Executive Office, making a it would be socialism, populism, anarchyr and worse. I want total of nearly $200,000. There is no suggestion from the Demo­ some one to tell me what the Glass-Owen bill is except a law cratic appropriation committee of cutting down any of these for printing Treasury notes, depositing them in the Treasury items, but ~nstead they increase these items. · of the- United States, and authorizing the Secretary of the A Senator or Representative draws a salary of $7,500 only. Treasury to loan those notes to the banker.s of the United States True, he is allowed ·$1,500 a year for a clerk, but it takes more at one-half of 1 per cent interest upon collateral security, not than that to pay his clerical help. So that while a Senator or as good as a first-mortgage loan upon a farm in this country. a Representative draws $7,500 net, and pays his own living ex­ You can loan the money to the f~rmer at 2 per cent interest penses, the President draws $75,000 net, is allowed $25,000 addi­ and with that 2 per cent you can borrow gold to maintain a tional for living expenses, and is allowed another $25,000 a year gold reserve of 33!- per cent, and then loan these Treasury for traveling expenses. · · notes to the farmers at 2 per cent, which will pay a profit to Now it is proposed to cut down the allowances of the Sena­ the United States. [Applause.] Tell me that this Oongress t~rs and Represe~tatives, _ as regards tr~veling expenses, to , the is not now and bas not been for the past 50 years dominated ~ctual cost of a ticket to and from Washington once each year, by special interests and I will tell you that you do not know Including members of his immediate family~ · This -will require what you are talking about. [Laughter.] 6174 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2,

I fa1or decent safaries for Senators and Representatives and Now, I desire to call his attention to this distinguished writer's then prohibiting them from taking outside fees. I have a bill' table of increases, which, if true, shows that my question is to prohibit Senators and Representatives from taking outside not w~tbout some merit, and I am surprised at the gentleman's pay, or if they do to file a statement of it with the Clerk of answer. · ' tbe· _House or the Secretary of the Senat_e annually under oath. The ·arti.cle to which I re~r may be found on page 247 of Pass · bills of that kind· and you will indirectly save for the the Scientific American of l\farch 21, 1914. Great Britain bas people· of the United States annual1y by compelling honest a lo~er tari~ than any o~ the great ci,•ilized .powers; yet, ac­ legislation more than you will ever lose by paying $10,000 a· cordmg to this author, her per cent of increase in th ) cost of, • year to Senators and Representatives for salaries. Tbe people food products during tbe last 12 years is the.least. Tbe table should make.the Senators and Representatives independent; and furnished by bim is based on tbe cost of food products in 1900 · then demand that they work solely for the people. [Applause.] which be estimates at 100 per cent, and then proceeds to sbo~ I shall now be glad to answer any questions that any gentle­ tbe incre~se and decrease since that time, including the year man may desire to ask. 1912. During these 12 years the cost on 23 of the chief articles .Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman of food in Great Britain increased only 1·5 per cent, reaching mnkes complaint, us I understand it, because Congress has not the high-water mark in 1912. During the first 7 years of this· allowed mileage for tbe present session. I want to ask the' period tbe increase in cost reached 3 per cep.t only in 2 years­ gentleman if be really thinks the Treasui·y ought to be taxed to H)03 and 1905. The price for the other 5 years was practically pay Members of Congress mileage for the present session, in normal, but during the year 1912 the greatest increase was r'e- view of tlie fact that the extra session ran into the present corded. It rose from 9 to 15 per cent. . session and nobody went home unless he went home upon private In France, on 24 of the chief. arti~les of. food, from 1900 to business? 1909, no increase was visible, but in 1911 tbe increase rearhell Mr. LAFJl-: ER'l'Y. I will answer that in this way: Practically 17 per cent, but the increase dropped · to 15 per cent in 1912. e1ery Member of this Housa went home some time in the fall France bas a bigber tariff than Great Britain. In Germany, a of 1913. I· went borne and my colleagues went home. very high ·protective tariff country,· during these 12 years· the 1\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. If the .gentleman went home, be cost of 13 of her chief articles of ·food increased 30 ·per cent,· went borne at a time when Congress was in session. twice as much as Great Britain, nearly twice as much as Mr. LAFFERTY. It was in session, but it ,was not doing any France, reaching her high-water mark in 1912. Holland on business. It was only nominally in session. . 23 chief articles of food, incr-eased 23 per cent. Holland 'is a 1\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. If he· went home, be went home fairly well protected country in many instances. Italy, a on pl'i vate business or for bis own personal pleasure or profit, fairly protective country, during that time : increased 20 per. possibly, but not upon public business. cent on 13 of her chief articles of food; Norway increased 19 per cent on 13 articles of food. Russia, on 30 articles of food, l\Ir. LAFFERTY. I went home, Mr~ Chaii·man, as I con­ increased 21 per cent The United States increased 40 per cent ceived it to be my duty to do. I went borne to Portland, Oreg. on 15 articles of food in 39 of the principal cities in this coun­ I met business men upon the streets, and they asked me why I try. Canada, a fairly high protective country, lying close to in was not in Congress Washington, as Congress was in session. America, increased in those 12 years 51 per eent on 78 articles I said to them that Congress was nominally in session only; of food. Now, Canada buys largely. from the United States,_ that there were not over 65 l\fembers in Washington; that the and she pays transportation cost from the United States on House was ma1·king time while the Senate was considering many articles of food, and ·to this is added the middlemen's the currency bill. And by going home I learned much that the profit. That is .the reason, I assume, for her increace above people of .the district desired. One· of the important things that of the United States. Australia, on 41 articles of food in that they were intensely interested in was the immediate pas­ 6 of the capital cities, increased only 3. per cent for .the first 11 sage of the currency bill, so as to relieve conditions. I wired years, but in 1912 the increase jumped from 3 per cent to 16 per' both Oregon Senators of the sentiment, and am sure my going cent. She has suffered as a whole the least of any of the coun­ home, as it wns my duty to do, resulted in much good. Besides, tri~s cited. New Zealand, on 17 articles of food, increased 16 I wish to remind the distinguished gentleman from Tennessee per cent. High prices find Canada leading the list-Canada, [1\fr. BYRNS] that the minority leader [Mr. UNDERWOOD]. ad­ 151; United States~ 140; Japan, 138; Austria, 135; Belgium, Tised all Members who desired so to do to go borne, ns there 132; Germany, 130; Holland, 123; Russia, 121; Italy, 120; Nor­ would be no business transacted in the House in November last. way, 119; New Zealand, 116; Australia, 116; France, :1.15; and Therefore, and for the other reasons I have assigned, I say Great Britain, 115. · Members should not only have their usual mileage next Decem­ 1\Ir. Chaitman, these figures and tbe gentleman from Penn­ ber, for which we must appropriate in this bill, if at all, but we sylyania do not agree. But I . suggest to him that it would im­ should also appropriate to pay the usual mileage for the present vrove his rema1;ks if he will revise them so that they will session, instead of cutting .1\Iembers off without any mileage at conform to valuable statistics compiled on this subject by dis­ all for this session, as is proposed. [Applause.] interested and unprejudiced men, such as the author of the 1\lr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I agreed table from which I have taken my data. It is quite evident to yield some time to the gentleman from Pennsylvania, but he from the figures and data wbicb I ba ve submitted that the is not present. gteatest increase in the cost of liYing prevails in the countries l\Ir. MURDOCK. Tbe gentlemen who spoke for time are not with the highest protective tariff ·and that the countries with here. the lowest tariff have suffered· ieast. Can anyone explain what .1\Ir. J0fu'(S0N of South Carolina. I yield to the gentleman is the cause of the enormous increase in America without in­ from Illinois · [Mr. FowLER] 15 minutes. cluding our high protective tariff as one of the main causes? l\Ir. FOWLER. Mr. Chairman, I have listened with a good If so, I will be glad to yield to him. There may be other causes,· deal of interest to my distinguished friend from Pennsylvania but the tariff doubtless is :unong the chief reasons. l\1r. Mr. J. HAMPTON MooRE. I wish he were here, because I am Chairman, the distinguished and ingenious gentleman from going to allude to · some statements of bis. · I understand that Pennsylvania has undertaken to show that there is a great the gentleman from Pennsylnmia is raising a calamity howl number of unemployed in this country, stagnation in bu i­ for the purpose of pacificating some of bis millionaire con- ness, and that the ~orld is going to ruin. Now, his state­ . stituents; in order that .he may ha-re tbe proper literature to ment reminds me of a story I once beard, wbicb runs some-. circulate during the next campaign. thing like this:· A couple of young people were n1111Tied, and in I think that it is a proposition that can_not be denied, that the course of time a baby was born at their house, and they the countries having tbe highest protective tariff, everything were very much delighted over it. · Finally they concluded tc else being equal, have increased in the cost of living the great­ weigh the baby to see how large it was, but they had no scales, est. in .the last 12 years. Men of science, ·men of industry, and and their hopes wei·e blasted. Finally-an ice wagon happened men of activity have gone into this subject for the purpose of to come along, and some one suggested that they weigh tho· revealing the various causes wbicb have contributed to the baby on the ice scales. They did so, and it weighed 40 pounds. high cost of living. I have a table before me which has been [Laughter.] Now, that is the way with the gentleman's story compiled by Mr. John · D. C. Kershaw, Fellow of the Royal about the great calamity that is on in this country. I tbinl{ · Statistical Society, London, and I desire to refer to that table he weighed his argument either· on the ice man's scales or on and call. tb.e attention of my distinguished friend from Penn­ the butcher's scales. [Laughter.] M'r. Chitirmun, there is one syllania especially to it, because it is interesting. · Abou ·~ an hour thing that is ce-rtainly an index ·to business· conditions: Th·e ago_while on the floor .I propounded to h~m this q1,1estion, '~ Iia~ number of new· buildings under construction or to be con­ not the cost of living in the last 12 years _ilicrea~ed more in the structed iii a city is nie 'best bai.:oirieter by which to register United S.tates than in any country in the. world except one?-" its thrift and prosperity. I am going to read an article fr'om and he said, "No:" · the 1\f~nufact~~rs' . N~ws_

:Mr. J. I. NOLAN. Will the gentleman yield? Now, the group of rail:roadg known as the "eastern group," The CHA.IRl\IAN. Will the gentleman from Illinois yield to 49 in number. according to their own statement, made the gentleman from California? $181,000,000 more last year than they did in the year 1912, and Mr. FOWLER. I will be glad to yield. yet the alleged increased cost of operation and other fictitious 1\Ir. J. I. NOLAN. Just in connection with the article read claims and reasons are advanced for piling upo....1 the people of by my colleague from Kansas [Mr. 1\IUBDocK]. would the gen-. the United States higher freight rates to increase the burdens tleman from illinois connect the action of the Pennsylvania of the masses. I wonder if the authority before whom this Rallroad with the campaign that is now being carried oli for hearing is going on is going to yield the rights of the people of increase iu railroad rates rather than to anything else? this country to these :financiers who have wrecked roads, such 1\Ir. FOWLER. Wel1, I do not know just exactly the mo­ as the New Haven and ot~er roads in this country, by unfair ti re of these railroads in their campaign for an increase of means and allow the people of the country to bear the burdens? fi.·eight rates, but I do know one concrete example which, in I trust not. my mind, gives the best reason extant for it, and that is the The CILUR~!Al~. The time of the gentleman fi·om Illinois conduct of the Morgan people in unloading the Cincinnati, has expired. Hamilton & Dayton Railroad, a worthless piece. of property Mr. FOWLER. Can the gentleman give me five minutes? from a standpoint of income, on the Baltimore & Ohio; and l\!r. STAFFORD. .Mr. Chairman, I would like to inquire the latter is one of the loudest in its c-lamor for an increase ot how lont': the gentleman from South Carolina [l\Ir. JoHNSON] frejght rates. I wish I had time to go into the particulars of intends. to run to-night? We have been here for over five this concrete example. The Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton hours. I would like to know how soon the gentleman will move was first unloaded by Morgan on the Erie people at an enor­ to rise. · mous p1ice while Harriman wa~ sojourning abr~ad. When Haniman came back it is reported that he said to the dis­ 1\!r. JOHNSON of South Carolina. I am anxious to have the tinguished financier, now dead, that if he did not take back committee rise as early as possible. that worthless stock and relieve him of its burden he would Mr. FOWLER. I can conclude in five minutes. prosecute him in two courts, one to recover the amount paid Mr. GOOD. I will yield to the gentleman five minutes if for the stock and the other to punish him for violating a penal after that time the gentleman from South Carolina will move statute of the United States, and he took it back. that the committee rise. Then, after the panic of 1907, having in some way secured an The CHA.IR...'UAN. The gentleman from Illinois is recognized advantage over Harriman, he unloaded it on the Baltimore & for five minutes. Ohio. It was a worthless piece of property that the Baltimore 1\Ir. FOWLER. Mr. Chairman, I think the cost of living has & Ohio will have to pay for in 191H, according to the contract, been increased largely by th~ middlemen, and I have a state­ and that is one of the reasons, I suppose, why the Baltimore & ment bere which I think carries out the view I have taken. Ohio is howling for an increase in freight rates. I apprehend The following communication was addressed to the Kansas City that what is true with the Baltimore & Ohio is true also to- a Star, a paper leaning to the predatory interests, and it was greater or less extent with other railroads. I would. not be declined for publication by the Star. Its author says that 15 surprised if it should turn out that the Pennsylvania has years ago li1e hogs could be bought in Kansas City at 3 cents equally as groundless reasons for urging this increase in freight per pound, and that the consumer could buy the best bacon at rates as the Baltimore & Ohio. 10 cents per pound, leaving 7 cents as the difference between l\Ir. KI~'TIEL. 1\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? the cost of the hog on foot 1and the best bacon. Now we pa.y, The CHAlRMAN. Does the gentleman from lllinois yield to on an average, 'l or 8 cents for live hogs at Kansas City, but the gentleman from Colorado? · the best bacon sells at 35 cents per pound, making a difference .Mr. FOWLER. Yes; I yield to the distinguished gentleman. between the cost of the hog on foot and the best bacon about l\1r. KINDEL. I want to inform you that I have just come 27 cents. Deduct the 7 cents which '\VQS the, difference 15 years from the hearing of the Interstate Commerce Co-mmission, and ago nnd we have- 20 cents Jeft. Query-who gets this 20 cents? 1\Ir. Rea's cross-examination proved that the Pennsylvania When this question is properly answered we will learn much as

Railroad made. last year, 9-i per cent net1 notwithstanding it to the cause of the high cost of Jiving There is one thing had put in $108,000,000 of betterments, and in spite of thut they dead sure-the farmer does not get the 20 cents. The table ask for a 5 per cent incrense in their rates. from which I have been quoting is inserted for the benefit of .Mr. FOWLER. I thank the gentleman. those who may be interested in it.

Index numbers of the changes of level of fooo prit:ea it• the pcrio.cl. 1900-1912.

Country. Nature of i:ndex number. 1900 1901 1902. 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1------United Kingdom •..•... Retail prices o! 23 articles of food in London, weighted ac- 100 100 101 103 102 103 102 105 108 108 109 109 115 cording to workmen's consumption. 1- France.• •.•. •.•••.••••. Betsilprices of 2! articles of rood (including wine), fuel and 100 100 ; 95. 98 99 97 95 100 102' 100 104 117 115 lighting materials in Paris, weighted acconling tn wo.rk- men's consumption. ~ Germany ••.•...... •••• Retail Wtces of 13 articles of food in Prussia, Bavaria, Baden, 100 103 10& 105 . 105 ll4 118 116 116 124! 127 128 (130) and urttemberg, weighted. according to. WOikmen's oon- sumption. _ I ~ l- -- Holland ..•...... , Retail prices of 23 articles of food in.a principal t-t~wns (nn- 100 100 100 102 103 102 103 105 ill 123 weighted). , 107 1100lli

Italy: •.... ----· .•..•..• Contract prices of 13 articles of food su~ed to 43: State 100 100 99 99 118 120 colleges in various parts of the country unwejghted). 91 ---.. 99 1101 .1051lr2ll4 1- --1- -1 - ' 99 Norway ...... ': ... Retail prices of all articles of food (26 specified) in Christiania, . ... 100 99 ffl 100 103' 108 111 119 weighted according to workmen's consumption. ·- -· 1091106108 ----:- Russia ...... Wholesale prices of 30 articles of food at reiiles.entative 100 104 lQ'Z 102. 104 112 116 130 127 116 121 niarkets (unweighted:). ]130 1-----1- United States ...... •... Retail prices oJ 15 ,art.ieles oi food in 39 principal cities, 100 1{;)5 111 . 111 11.3 113 117 1 122 126 133 140 139 weighted acC()rding to workmen's eonsumption.. ------British Dominions: Canada ...... Wholesale prices of 78 aroc}.es of food (including fodder} at 100 104 ' 109 106 100 ,_:J~--;: 1.29 133 135 136 151 representati\"e markets, weighted acc-ording to national consnmption. ------Australia ...... Retail prices of 41 articles of food (besides: soa~, starch, -· ..... - - 100 109 105 ' 95 101 101 ,_:_ 103 116 washing blue, kerosene, and candles) in the 6 cap.~tal cities, we~hted according to national consumption. 100 1r New Zealand. ..•.•. Wholesale prices ol 17 articles of food at representa~ive 100 101 109 100 102 107 107 \ 112 1171108 110 116 ...... markets (unweighted). _ -· 1914: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6177

Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Chairman, I hope the gentleman from REPORTS OF CO!\IMI~l'EES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND South Carolina will mo,·e to rise now. RESOLUTIONS. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Does the gentleman from Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills and resolutions Iowa desire to yield :my further time? were seYerally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, Mr. GOOD. No. and referred to the Committee of the Whole House, as follows : Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I move Ur. STEPHENS of Mississippi, from the Committee on that the committee do now rise. Claimtl, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 12792) for the The motion was agreed to. relief of l\frs. Thomas G. Prioleau and others, heirs at law of Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ Thomas G. Prioleau, deceased, reported the same with amend­ sumed tile chair. l\lr. GARNER, Chairman of the Committee of ment, accompanied by a report (No. 491), which said bill and the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that report were referred to the Private Calendar. committee had had undar consideration the bill H. R. 15279, 1\fr. McCLELLAN, from the Committee on Claims, to which the legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation bill, and was referred the bill (H. R. 4405) for the relief of Frederick J . . had come to no resolution thereon. Ernst, reported the same without amendment, accompanied by l\Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. l\Ir. Speaker, I wish to make a report (No. 492), which said bill and report were referred to an inquiry. Has general debate been closed on this bill? the Private Calendar. Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Yes; it has. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the The SPEAKER It has bean closed. bill (H. R. 5991) to authorize the payment of $2,000 to the l\Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. By order of the House this widow of the late Tranquilino Luna, in full for his contest ex­ morning? penses in the contested-election case of l\fanzanP res against The SPEAKER. By order of the House. Luna, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a 1\fr. GARRETT of Tennessee. So that when the committee report (No. 493), which said bill and report were referred to proceeds with the consideration of this bill it will be read for the Private Calendar. · amendment? He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the The SPEAKER. Yes. bill (H. R. 4310) concerning certain moneys collected from LEA. YE OF ABSENCE. Bernard Citroen as customs duties and declared by the United States Supreme Court to have been illegally exacted, reported By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 494), follows: which said bill and report were referred to the Private Calendar. To Mr. PowERS, indefinitely, on account of important business. To Mr. LINDQUIST, indefinitely, on account of illness. ADVERSE REPORT. ENROLJ.ED BILL PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT FOR HIS APPROVAL. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. ASHBROOK, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ 1\fr. l\fcCLELLJL"N", from the Committee on Claims, to which ported that this day they had presented to the President of the was referred the bill (H. R. 2035) for the relief of Barbara United States for his approval the following bill: Edelbrock, reported the same adversely, accompanied by a H. R.13612. An act making appropriations to supply urgent report (No. 490), which said bill and report were laid on the deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal 'year 1914 and for table. prior years, and for other purposes. ADJOURNMENT. PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND 1\fEl\fORIALS. :Mr. JOHNSON of South Carolina. Mr. Speaker, I move that Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials the House do now adjourn. · were inb·oduced and severally referred as follows: The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 20 By 1\fr. AINEY: A bill (H. R. 15315) to revise and amend minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, the laws relating to pa:ents; to the Committee on Patents. April 3, 1.914, at 12 o'clock noon. By Mr. POWERS : A bill . (H. R. 15316) to provide_ for the erection of a public building at Williamsburg, in the State of EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. Kentucky i to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Also, a bill (H. R. 15317) to provide for the erection of a Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications public building at Corbin, in the State of Kentucky; to t~e were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. 1. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a By l\Ir. LEVER: A bill (H. R. 15318) to tax the privilege o! letter from the Chief of Engineers, reports on preliminary ex­ dealing on exchanges, boards of trade, and similar places in amination and survey of Columbia River, Wash., between Van­ contracts of sale of cotton for future delivery, and for other com·er and the mouth of the Willamette, with a view to im­ purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture. proYement in cooperation with the port of Vancouver (H. Doc. By 1\fr. PORTER: A bill (H. R. 15319) authorizing and direct­ No. 870) ; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered ing the Managers of the Soldiers' Homes to designate and set­ to be IH'inted, with illustration. aside one of the homes for the exclusive use of the widows of 2. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a soldiers and sailors; to the Committee on Military Affairs. letter from the Chief of Engineers, reports on examination and By l\Ir. UNDERHILL: A bill (H. R. 15320) authorizing the suney of :Malden Ri,·er, Mass., witll a view to a modification of Secretary of the Treasury to disregard section 33 of the public the project (H. Doc. No. 878) ; to the Committee on Rivers and buildings act of March 4, 1913, as to site at Owego, N. Y.; to Harbors and ordered to be printed, with illustration. tile Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. By Mr. WILLIS: A bill (H. R. 15321) to amend section 5 of REPORTS OF COl\Il\IITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND an act entitled "An act to amend and consolidate the acts re­ RESOLUTIONS. specting copyrights," approved March 4, 1909, as amended by an act. approved August 24, 1912; to the Committee on Patents. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions were sev­ By Mr. BOWDLE: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 240) to au­ er~lly reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and tholize the Secretary of the Treasury to have cleaned the exte­ referred to the several calendars therein named, as follows : rior of the Federal building at Cincinnati, Ohio, under contract Mr. GREE~TN of Vermont, from the Committee on Military let upon competitive bidding, and appropriating money therefor; Affairs, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 9042) to permit to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. sales by supply departments of the Army to certain military By l\Ir. EDWARDS: Resolution (H. Res. 455) requesting in­ schools and colleges, reported the same without amendment, formation to be furnished by the Committee on 'Var Claims accompanied by a report (No. 488), which said bill and report showing war claims favOi·ably passed upon by the Court of were referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the Claims and not appropriated for; to the Committee on War state of the Union. Claims. 1\fr. HOUSTON, from the Committee on the Territories, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 11740) to cure defects in and to validate chapters 52 and 54 of the nets of tile Legislature PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. of tile Territory of Alaska, approved by tlie governor of the Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions Territory of Alaska l\fay 1, 1913, and for other· purposes, re­ were introclucel'l and severally referred as follows: ported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. By Mr. ADAIR: A bill (H. R. 15322) granting an increase of 489), which said bill and report were referred to the House pension to Lyman 0. Leach; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Calenda1:. sions. 6178 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 2r,

By 1\Ir. BRUMBAUGH: A bill (H. R. 15323) granting an in­ By Mr. BALTZ: Petition of sundry citizens of illinois, favor­ crease of pension to William Vollrath; to the Committee on ing national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Invalid Pensions. Also, petition of the Belleville (Ill.) Lodge, United !line By 1\lr. CAMPBELL: A bill (H. R. 15324) granting an in­ Workers of America, favoring an investigation of the labor crease of pension to Lee Toms; to the Committee on Pensions. situation in Colorado; to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. DAVENPORT: A bill (H. R. 15325) granting a pen­ Also, petition of sundry citizens of Belleville and the second sion to Marion Holderman; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Illinojs congressional district, favoring national prohibition; sions. to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 15326) granting an increase of pension to Also, petiti~n of various churches of Lebanon, Ill., favoring William W. Merriss; to the Committee on Pensions. national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DRISCOLL: A bill (H. R. 15327) granting an in­ By Ur. BARCHFELD: Petition of sundry citizens of St. crease of pension to Caroline Oaks; to the Committee on Clair Borough, Pa., against national prohibition; to the Com­ Invalid Pensions. mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DIXON: .A. bill (H. R. 15328) granting a pension to Also, petition of Rev. S. T. Brown, of Clairton, Pa., favoring Charles Foist; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 15329) granting an increase of pension to By 1\Ir. BATHRICK: Petitions of sundry citizens of nine­ Thomas S. Harrell; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. teenth Ohio congressional district, favoring national prohibi- Also, a bill (H. R. 15330) granting an increase of pension to tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. · James W. Hall; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, petitions of the Christian Church and 39 citizens of By 1\Ir. EDMONDS: A bill (H. R. 15331) granting a pension Girard, Ohio, favoring national prohibition; to the Committee to Martha Nulty; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on the Judiciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 15332) for the relief of Henry S. Chubb; By Mr. BELL of California : Memorial of the Los Angeles to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Chamber of Commerce and Chamber of Commerce of San Diego, By 1\Ir. HAMLIN : A bill (H. R. 15333) granting a pension to Cal., favoring plans for the reorganization of the Regular Army; Minnie D. Mitchell; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. HOUSTON: A bill (H. R. 15334) for the relief of Levi Eslick; to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. BRUCKNER: Memorial of the Meat Inspectors of By Mr. KEATING: A bill (H. R. 15335) granting a pension to the Bureau of Animal Industry Employees' Association of New Mary J. Grogan; to the Committee on Pensions. York and Vicinity, favoring passage of House bill 9292, relative Also, a bill (H. R. 15336) granting a pension to Fred .A.. to pay, etc., of meat inspectors; to the Committee on Agriculture. Knapp; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, memorial of the Philadelphia Board of Trade, against Also, a bill (H. R. 15337) granting a pension to Isaac Scalf; antitrust legislation; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to the Committee on Pensions. Also, petition of William R. Clooney, of New York City, favor­ Also, a bill (H. R. 15338) granting an increase of pension to ing passage of House bill 13044, the widows' and orphans' 11en­ Isaiah Upson ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sion bill; to the Committee on Pensions. By 1\fr. MORRISON: A bill (H. R. 15339) granting an increase Also, petition of the Consumers' League of Massachusetts and of pension to Thomas Moore;· to the Committee on Invalid Vida D. Scudder, of Wellesley, Mass., favoring the passage of the Pensions. seamen's bill ( S. 136) ; to the Committee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. By Mr. OGLESBY: .A. bill (H. R. 15340) granting an increase of pension to Delia Keenan ; to the Committee on Invalid By 1\fr. BRUMBAUGH: Papers to accompany House bill Pensions. 14120; to the Committee on .Military Affairs. Also, petition of sundry citizens of Columbus, Ohio, protesting By Mr. O'SHAUNESSY: A bill (H. R. 15341) granting an against national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. increase of pension to Catherine Gates; to the Committee on Also, petition of sundry citizens of Columbus, Ohio, favoring Invalid Pensions. national prohibition; to the Committee on tlle Judiciary. By Mr. PAIGE of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 15342) grant­ Also, papers to accompany House bill14121; to the Committee ing a pension to George· E. Egan ; to the Committee on Pep.sions. on Military Affairs. By 1\Ir. SCULLY: A bill (H. R. 15343) granting an increase Also, papers to ·accompany House bill 14116; to the Committee of pension to Kate S. Church; to the Committe..) on Invalid on ..Military Affairs. . Pensions. · Also, papers to accompany House bill 14115; to the Committee By Mr. TALCOTT of New York: A bill (H. R. 15344) grant­ on Military Affairs. - ing a pension to Daniel Madigan; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, papers to accompany House bill 14114; to the Committee By Mr. WILLIS: A bill (H. R. 15345) granting an increase on Mi1itary Affairs. of pension to Hermanis L. Holmes; to the Committee on In­ valid Pensions. By Mr. CARR: Petition of 4,987 citizens of Somerset County, Also, a bill (H. R. 15346) granting an increase of pension to Pa., favoring amendment to the Constitution of the United James P. Woods; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. States prohibiting the manufacture. sale, etc., of intoxicating liquors; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of postmaster and clerical force of the post­ PETITIONS, ETC. office building at Connellsville, Pa., protesting against bills rela­ tive to bonding of postmasters and postal employees; to the Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid Committee on the Post Office ::md Post Roads. on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: Also, petition of 35 citizens and employees of United States By the SPE.A.KER (by request) : Resolutions of the Chamber Lock No. 6, Monongahela River, Greene County, Pa., favoring of Commerce of the United States of America, favoring the en­ House bill 11522, fixing the compensation of certain employees actment of legislation designed to exempt from the action of the of the United States; to the Committee on Reform in the Civil law certain classes of our citizens; to the Committee on the Service. . Judiciary. Also, petition of 35 citizens of Fayette County, Pa., protesting Also (by request), petition of certain citizens of the District against House joint resolution 168 and Senate joint resolutions of Columbia, relative to Plaza awards; to the Committee on 88 and 50, providing for national prohibition; to the Committee Public Buildings and Grounds. on the Judiciary. Also (by request), resoluticns from various citizens of illi­ Also, petition of sundry citizens of Pennsyl"mnia, favoring nois, Indiana, and 1\lichigan, protesting against the practice national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of polygamy in the United States; to the Committee on the By 1\!r. CARY: Petition of sundry citizens of Wisconsin, Judk~r~ · against national prohibition; to the Committee on llie Judiciary. Also (by request), resolution of the Chicago Allied Plinting Also, petition of the Wi cousin Master Plumbers' Association, Trades Council. protesting against any increase in the present favoring House bill 14288, relative to Government conh·acts; to second-class postage rates; to the Committee on the Post Office the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. and Post Roads. By ~1r. COVING'ION: Petitions of sundry citizens of Mary­ By :M:r. ADAIR: Petitions of sundry citizens of Crete and land, favoring na tlonal prohibi lion ; to the Committee on the Modnc, Ind., fa>oring national prohibition; to the Committee Judiciary. on the Judiciary. By 1\fr. DAVIS : Memorial of the Minnesota State Forestry By .Mr. ALLEN : Petition of William F. Ernst and 300 other Association, of St. Paul, .Minn., urging continued aid of the Fed­ citizens of Cincinnati, Ohio, protesting against national pro­ eral Government in the protection of forests on the watersheds hibition; to the Committee on. the Judiciary. of navigable streams; to the Committee on Agriculture. 1914. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6179

By :Mr. DIFE~"DERFER: Petition of sundry citizens of Penn­ By Mr. HINEBAUGH: Petition of· sundry citizens of the syl'rania, favoring national prohibition; to the Committee on. twelfth congressional district of Illinois, protesting against the Judiciary. national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of Richland Grange, No. 1206, Patrons of Hus­ By Mr. HOWELL: Petition of Hon. James A. Anderson. of bandry, favoring the Bathrick bill (H. R. 11897) relative to Morgan, Utah, protesting against the passage of House bill farm credits; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. 12292, relative to interstate shipments of canned goods; to the Also, petition of sundry citizens of Pennsylvania, against Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of Rev. W. W. Carothers, of Apache, Okla., By :Mr. DIXON: Petitions of Presbyterian Church and Sun­ favoring national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judi­ day School of Crothersville; Zion Methodist Episcopal Church, ciary. of Rights Corner; Methodist Church of Greenwood; Mount Cal­ By Mr. HOXWORTH: Petition of various residents of vary United Brethren Church, of Hartsville; Christian Church Quincy, TIL; against the enactment of any provision for na­ of Mount Pleasant; First Presbyterian Church of Madison; tional prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Presbyterian Church of Brownstown; Bible School of the First Also, petition of sundry citizens of the fifteenth Illinois con­ Baptist Church of Madison; the Methodist Episcopal Church gressional district, protesting against national prohibition; to of Fairview; the United Brethren Church of Medora; First the Committee on the Judiciary. Methodist Episcopal Church of Aurora; 35 citizens of Pleasant By Mr. HULINGS: Petition of sundry citizens of Pennsylva­ Township, Johnson County; 26 citizens of Switzerland County; nia, favoring national prohibition; to the Committee on the 39 citizens of Aurora; 52 members of Mount Calvary United Judiciary. Brethren Church; 11 citizens of Greenwood; 43 citizens of By Mr. IGOE: Petition of Laclede-Christie Clay Products Franklin; 36 citizens of Madison; 75 people of Guilford; 315 Co., Moran Bolt & Nut Manufacturing Co., John O'Brien Boiler people of Brownstown; 26 people of Medora; and the Hopewell Works Co., and Halsey Automobile Co., all of St. Louis, Mo., Presbyterian Church, of Hopewell, all in the State of Indiana, against national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. faYoring the passage of House joint resolution 168, for nation­ By Mr. KEATING: Petition of sundry citizens of Colorado, wide prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. against national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judi· By l\Ir. DONOHOE: Petition of sundry citizens of Pennsyl­ ciary. vania, against national prohibition; to the Committee on the By Mr. KE~TNEDY of Rhode Island: Petitions of sundry citi­ Jucliciary. zens of the State of Rhode Island, favoring national prohibi­ Also, petition of sundry citizens of Pennsylvania, favoring tion; to the Committee on the Judiciary. national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of Wells-Abbott-Wieman Co., of Schuyler, Nebr.; Also, petition of 2,630 citizens of Philadelphia, Pa., fa voiing Omaha Crockery Co., of Omaha, Nebr.; Wolverine Brass Works, national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. of Grand Rapids, 1\lich. ;_ Swenson Bros.. of Omaha, Nebr.; and By Mr. EAGAN: Petitions signed by sundry citizens of Ho­ Adams Dry Goods Co., of Bangor, :Me., favoring House bill boken, Jersey City, and West Hoboken, protesting against na­ 14328, relative to false statements in the mails; to the Com­ tion-wide prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on the Post Office and Post Roads. By Mr. ESCH: Petition of various Baptist, Congregational, Also, memorial of the Southern 1\fessenger, of San Antonio, Methodist, and Presbyterian Churches of Baraboo, Wis., favor­ Tex.; the Catholic Missionary Society, of Ossining, N. Y.; and ing national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Chicago Trades-Union Label League, against increase of By Mr. GOOD: Petition of sundry voters of the State of postage rates on second-class nmtter; to the Committee on the Iowa, protesting against national prohibition; to the Committee Post Office and Post Roads. on the Judiciary. By J\lr. KINDEL: Petition of sundry citizens of Colorado,. By Mr. GRAHAM of Pennsylvania: Petitions of sundry citi­ against national prohibition.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. zens of the second congressional district of Pennsylvania, pro­ By 1\lr. KONOP: Petition of Akley Grange, No. 598, of Antigo, testing against national prohibition; to the Committee on the Wis., protesting against the Moss-Fletcher bill; to the Com· Judiciary. mittee on .Agriculture. Also, petition of the New York Times Chapel, Typographical Also, petitions of various btLSiness men and others of the Union No. 6, favoring the passage of the Bacon-Bartlett bill ninth congressional district of Wisconsin, favoring passage of .(H. R. 1873); to the Committee on the Judiciary. House bill 5308, relative to taxing mail-order hotLSes; to the Also, petition of the Students' Chapter of Philadelphia, Pa., Committee on Ways and Ueans. fa-voring passage of House joint resolution No. 1, relative to en­ .By Mr. LANGHA!I: Petition of the Ancient Order of Hiber-_ franchising women; to the Committee on the Judiciary. nians in America, protesting against repeal of canal-tolls ex­ By Mr. GREENE of Vermont: Petition of sundry citizens of emption; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ Vermont, favoring national prohibition; to the Committee on merce. the Judiciary. By Mr. LEE of Pennsylvania: Petitions of Local Unions :Kos. By Mr. GRIFFIN: Petition of the George Dans Co., of 1509 and 2346, United Mine Workers of America, favoring Fed­ Brooklyn, N. Y., favoring passage of the Newland river-regula­ eral intervention in Colorado strike condition; to the Committee tion bill; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. on the Judiciary. Also, petition of the Corticelli Silk 1\Iills, of New York City, By 1\Ir. LIEB: Petitions of the congregations and Rev. James faYoring passage of House bill 14328, relati-ve to sending false J. Robinette, of the Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, of statements through the mails; to the Committee on the Post Rockport; Charles E. Jett, of the Calvary Baptist Church, of Office and Post Roads. Evansville; Rev. Ira J. l\filler, Presbyterian Church, of Dale; Also, petition of the Merchants' Association of New York, Rev. William F. Russell, Wesrey Methodist Episcopal Church, relative to bills pending amendatory to the Sherman antitrust of Evansville; Rev. N. F. Denny, of the Methodist Episcopal law; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Church of Dale; Rev. B. A. May, -Methodist Episcopal Church Also, petition of the White House Democratic Club, of Brook­ of Newburgh; Rev. W. Burton Lile, Parke Memorial Presby­ lyn, N. Y., favoring passage of House bill 7217, relati-ve to in­ terian Church, of Evansville; also 111 citizens of the above con­ crease in pay of customhouse employees; to the Committee on gregations, all of the State of Indiana, favoring national pro­ ,Ways and Means. hibition; to tlle Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of the New York Produce Exchange, protesting Also, memorials of the Evansville Business Association and against passage of Senate bill 121, for Federal inspection of E-vansville Manufacturers' Association, J. C. Keller, secretary, grain ; to the Committee on Agriculture. adyocating the passage of Senate bill 387, providing Federal Also, petition of the National League of Government Em­ legislation on bills of lading; to the Committee on Interstate ployees, faYoring passage of House bill 12056, to regulate the and Foreign Commerce. hours of labor in working plants of the United States; to the By Mr. MAGUIRE of Nebraska: Petition of sundry citizens Committee on Labor. of the State of Nebraska, favoring the "One hundred years Also, petition of the Chicago Trades Union Label League, peace celebration " ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. protesting against increase in postal rates on second-class mat­ Also, pe.tition of 104 citizens of UniYersity Place, Nebr., favor­ ter; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. ing national prohibition; to the. Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of William McKinley Camp, No. 12, Department By Mr. J. I. NOLAN: Memorial of the Alaska Fishermen's of Illinois, United Spanish War Veterans, favoring passage of Union, of San Francisco, Cal., favoring passage of House bill House bill 130:14, widows and orphans' pension bill ; to the 12743 and Senate bill 3988, for the erection of a new marine Committee on Pensions. hospital at San Francisco, Cal. ; to the Committee on Public Also, petition of the Chamber of Commerce of 1\Iilwaukee, Buildings and Grounds. Wis., protesting against national prohibition; to the Committee Also, petition of R. 1\I. Brooks, of San Francisco, Cal., and 12 on tlle Judiciary. o~r citizens of San Francisco, Cal., protesting against the pas- 6180 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE. APR.IL 3 . ' sage of House joint resolution 168 and Sena,te joint resolutions NOT VOTING-32. 88 and 50, relati"re to national prohibition; to the Committee Bankhead Culberson Penrose Smith, Ariz. on the Judiciary. Bradley du Pont Reed Smith, S.C. Brady Fletcher Robinson Stephenson Also, memorial of the Alaska Fishermen's Union, of San Fran­ Burleigh Goff Root Stone cisco, Cal., protesting against passage of House bill 11740, im­ Chilton Kern Saulsbury Sutherland posing poll tax on the citizens of .Alaska; to the Committee on Clark, Wyo. McCumber Sherman Thomas Clarke, Ark. Martine, N. J, Shields Thornton the Territories. Colt Nelson Shively West By 1\lr. O'LEARY: Petition of sundry citizens and voters of 1 the sixth and seventh election districts of New York, protesting The following pairs were announced : against repeal of canal-tolls exemption; to the Committee en Mr. MARTIN of Virginia announced the pair of .Mr. BANK­ Interstate and Foreign Commerce. HEAD with Mr. GoFF. · Also, petition of the .Astoria Taxpayers and Business Men's l\Ir. 1\f.ARTINEl of. New Jersey announced his pair with Mr. Association, of Astoria, Long Island City, N. Y., favoring pas­ CHn..ToN, and said if permitted to vote he would vote "nay." sage of bill for :flood prevention; to the Committee on Rivers Mr. SMOOT announced the pair of Mr. SuTHERLAND with Mr. and Harbors. CLARKE of .Arkansas. By Mr. O'SH.A.UNESSY: Petition of sundry citizens of Rhode Mr. SHEPP.ARD announced the pair of Mr. CULBERSON with Island, against national prohibition; to the Committee on the Mr. DU PONT. Judiciary. _Mr. MARTIN of Virginia announced the pair of Mr. KERN Also, petition of J. H. Barney, jr., of Newport, R. I., favoring With Mr. BRADLEY. House bi11 13305; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Mr. SMITH of Michigan announced his pair with Mr. REED Commerce. and he transferred his pair to l\fr. SHERMAN and voted " nay.'; · Also, petition of sundry citizens of Rhode Island, favoring na­ Mr. NELSON announced his pair with Mr. RoBINSON. tional prohibition; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Mr. HOLLIS announced the pair of 1\Ir. SAULSBURY with Mr. By .Mr. PLU.MLElY: Petitions of 75 citizens of Woodstock, 43 COLT, eitizens of Derby, and 25 citizens of Newfane, all in the State Mr. STERLING announced his pair with Mr. SMITH of of Vermont, favoring national prohibition; to t~e Committee South Carolina, and transferred his pair to Mr. BRADY and voted on the Judiciary. "nay." · By Mr. SCULLY: Petition of sundry citizens of New Jersey, Mr. CLARK of ;wyoming announced his pair with Mr. STONE. favoring national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judi­ l\fr. THOMAS announced his pair with Mr. RooT, and said if ciary. permitted to vote he would vote "nay." By Mr. SHARP: Petitions of sundry citizens of the fourteenth Mr. JONElS announced his pair with Mr. THORNTON and congressional district of Ohio, protesting against the passage transferred his pair to Mr. STEPHENSON and voted "nay.''' of House joint resolution 168 and Senate joint resolution 88, Mr. WILLIAMS announced his pair with .Mr. PENROSE, and relative to national prohibition; to the Committee on the Judi­ transferred it to Mr. WEST and voted" yea." ciary. ADJOURNMENT. By Mr. SP.ARKM.AN: Petition of sundry citizens of Plant City, Fla., favoring national prohibition; to the Committee on Mr. SMITH of Georgia.' I move that the Senate adjourn. the Judiciary. The motion was agreed to, and (at 5 o'clock and 35 ·minutes By l\fr. TALCOTT of New York: Petition of sundry citizens p. m., Friday) tlle Senate adjourned until Saturday .April 4 of New York, favoring national prohibition; to the Committee 1914, at 12 o'clock meridian. ' ' on the Judiciary. Also, petitions of various business men of the thirty-third Congressional district, New York, favoring the passage of House NOMINATIONS. bill 5308, relative to taxing mail-order houses; to the Committee Efcecutive nominations 1·eceivea by the Senate Ap1·U 3, 1911,. on Ways and Means. By Mr. WILLIS: Papers to accompany a bill (H. R. 15345) UNITF..D STATES DISTRICT JUDGE. granting a pension to Hermanis L. Holmes; to the Committee . Ol~ver. B. Dickinson, of Chester, Pa., to be United States on Invalid Pensions. district Judge for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. (Addi­ Also, petition of the International Association of Master tional position created by the act of Congress approved February House Painters and Decorators of the United States and Canada, 16, 1914.) against the enactment of House bill 1873 ; to the Committee on UNITED STATES .ATTORNEY. the Judiciary. William Woodburn, jr., of Reno, Nev., to be United States attorney, district of Nevada, vice Samuel Platt whose term SENATE. has expired. ' UNITED STATES MARSHALS. FRIDAY, April3, 1914. , T. G. Burch, of Martinburg, Va., to be United States marshal ·(Continuation of legislative aay of Wednesday, April 1, 1914.) western district of Virginia, vice Robert A. Fulwiler, whos~ The Senate took a recess in executive session from 4 o'clock term has expired. and 10 minutes p. m., Thursday, until 11 o'clock and 50 minutes Frank l\1. Miller, of Amite City, La., to be United States mar­ a. m. Friday, at which time it reassembled in executive session. shal, eastern district of Louisiana, vice Victor Loisel, resigned. At 5 o'clock and 35 minutes p. m. the doors were reopened. Joseph Howley, of Pittsburgh, Pa., to be United States mar­ shal for the western district of Pennsylvania, vice Henry H. CONFIRMATION OF WINTHROP MORE DANIELS. Wilson, 1·esigned. During the executive sessiqn, on motion of 1\fr. Wn..LIAMS, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. and by unanimous consent, the injunction of secrecy was re­ moved from the vote by which the Senate confirmed the nomi­ Asst. Surg. Carlisle P. Knight, to be passed assistant sur('l'eon nation of Winthrop More Daniels to be an interstate commerce in the Public Health Service, to rank as such from l\Iarch 25 commissioner. 1914. This officer has served the required time in his present The vote is as follows: grade and has passed the necessary examination for promotion. YEAS-36. PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY. Brandegee Lee, Md. Overman Simmons QUARTERMASTER CORPS. Bryan Lewis Owen Smith, Ga. Dillingham Lippitt .Page Smith, Md. Lieut. Col. George F. Downey, Quartermaster Oorps, to be Fall Lodge Perkins Swanson Gallinger McLean Pittman Tillman colonel from March 27, 1914, vice Gol. Webster Vinson, retired Gore Martin, Va. Pomerene Townsend from active· service March 2G, 1914. Hughes Myers Ransdell Warren Lieut. Col. John l\I. Carson, jr., Quartermaster Corps, to be James New lands Shafroth Weeks Johnson Oliver Sheppard Williams colonel .from March 29, 1914, vice Col. Frederick Von Schrader, NAY8-27, retired from active service March 28, 1914. · · .Maj. B. Frank Cheatham, Quartermaster Corps,_to be Jieuten­ Ashurst Crawford La Follette Smoot Borah Cummins Lane Sterling ant colonel from March 29, 1914, vice Lieut: Col. John 1\I. Carson, Bt·istow Gronna Lea, Tenn. Thompson jr., promoted. Burton Hitchcock Norris Vardaman. 1\.faj. Robert S. Smith, Quartermaster Corps, to be lieutenant Catron Hollis O'Gorman Walsh Chamberlain Jones Poindexter Works colonel from March 27, 1914, vice Lieut. Col. George F. Downey, Clapp Kenyon Smith, Mich. promoted.