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The Citanduy River Basin Development , Project IWW"Sh OF PUC WOM ANO ELETRIC tR o TORATES CAILOf VATER RE~JN5 OiVE4.NT', G THE CITANDUY RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT , PROJECT PROPOSAL PANAWANGAN PILOT WATERSHED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT. PROJECT ._.. FINAL --REPORT- JULY 1976 * PACIFIC OCEAN 4~ KALIMANTAN IRIAN4 JAYA PROJECTrAREA ARAFURA SEA " SUBMITTED BY: ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS. IN,. ENElU.COLORADOUS.A. ANJAR.INO !A MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND ELECTRIC POWER DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT D IRECTORATE OF RIVERS THE CITANDUY RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PROPOSAL PANAWANGAN PILOT WATERSHED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT JULY 1976 I gP AREA .PACIFIC OCEAN EGNEKALIMANTAN NA q I IRIAN JAYA PROJETAREARAFURA SEA SUBMITTED BY: ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS. INC. DENVER. COLORADO. U.S.A. BANJAR. INDONESIA PROPOSAL PANAMWANGAN PILOT WATERSHED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Cooperating and Supporting Agencies Ministry of Public Works and Electric Power, Republic of Indonesia. Directorate General of Water Resources Development Directorate of Rivers - Citanduy River Basin Development Project Directorate of Irrigation United States Agency for International Development. Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia. Directorate General of Food Crops Directorate General of Forestry Directorate General of Fishery Directorate General of Livestock Directorate General of Plantation Director of Agriculture Extension, Education and Training Agencies Director of Research and Development Ministry of Education, Republic of Indonesia. Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia. Ministry of Interior, Republic of Indonesia. Ciamis Kabupaten - Administration and Staff Panawangan Kecamatan - Administration and Staff Kawali Kecamatan - Administration and Staff Authorization This report was prepared by Engineering Consultants, Inc., as indicated in the "Terms of Reference" - Appendix B of Amendment No.1 to the Citanduy River Basin Development Project, and as further approved by the Steering C6omittee. PROPOSAL PANAWANGAN PILOT WATERSHED CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT Table of Contents Page Local Terms ........................ .......... iii Intcoduction ................................ Location and size ...... .... .* . 3 Climate ........................ Soil ........................ ..................... Implementation of a Pilot Watershed Program ............ 8 Land. V, Use......................................... 12 Land Classification and Capability ....... .......... 13 Significant Variations in Land Features ................ 15 Facts to be Obtained in the Field ..................... 16 '-Management Systems of Erosion Control ................. 16 Cover Crops............................... 16 Soil Depleting Crops........................ 18 Soil Conserving Crops............ 19 Soil Building Crops ........................... 19 Farm or Unit Plan ................................... 21 Forestry and Greening Program ................ 24 Planting Seedlings ........................... 24 Fish Ponds ................................... 24 Meteorological Equipment .................... 26 Measuring Weirs .............................. 26 Water Management .............................. 27 Conservation Irrigation .................. 28 Crop Yields .................................. ........ 30 Ftilizers.......... .............. ...... • . 31 i Table of Contents (Cont.) Page Grade Stabilization Measures ............................ 34 Structure ..................................... 34 Grassed Waterways ................................. 35 Terracing .......... ........................... 35 Grade Terraces .............................. 38 Block Terra ................................... 38 Erosion anCi ul ontrol .......................... 39 Meteorological Instrument ccst ............................. 51 Cost Estimates .......................................... 52 Other Pilot Conservation W.tershcds...................... 55 .,ST CIE TABLES Table No. Page 1 Average Monthly Precipi tati.cnr in Panawangan Station ......................................... 6 2 Average Monthly Prcipitation in Kawali Station.. 7 3 Crop Rotations Used at Waspada Experimental Basin .... ......................................... 32-33 4-9 Details of Areas and Earth Movement Volumes for ConsU-uction of Ben-'h Terraces .................... 42-47 10 Bench Terraces .... ... ........................... 48 11 Waterways for Benc,'d Terraced Areas ............ 49 12 Stone Drop Structur.............................. 50 ii LIST OF DMWINGS/PIATES Page Land Use ................................ 59 Lz-id Capability ................................ 60 Prototype Land Ownership ........................... 61 Prototype Land Capability .............................. 62-63 Contour Terrace System ................................. 64 Prototype Back Slope Terrace ........................... 65 Prototype Rock Check Dam .......................... 66 Prototype Bamboo Check Dam ......................... 67 Prototype Drainage Disposal System .................... 68 Prototype Woven Wire Dam ................................ 69 Protbtype Brush Dam ................................... 70 Prototype Loose Rock Dam ................................ 71 Broad Crested Weir ..................................... 72 Parshall Flume........................................... 73 LIST OF MAPS Page Panawangan Pilot Watershed ............................. 3 Panawangan Pilot Watershed Location Map ................................. 56 Cikupa Pilot Watershed Location Map ......................... 57 Malabar Pilot Watershed Location Map ...... ................... 58 iii APPENDICES Appendix No. Page I Land and Water Management Conservation Watershed in Citanduy River Basin .......... I-1 II Cropping Data Reported from Solo Project ... II-1 III Tree Planting Instructions ................. III-1 IV Cost Estimates from Solo Project ........... IV-1 V Summary Findings from Solo Project ......... V-i VI List of Home Garden Plants for Java ........ VI-1 VII Recommended Plant Species Upland Watersheds ................................. VII-1 VIII Glossary ................................... VIII-I IX Organizational Charts ...................... IX-l iv LOCAL TERMS Province - West Java Governor - Governor of Province Kabupaten - District/Regency Bupati - Chief of District/Kabupaten Kawedanaan - Area consists of 3 to 5 Kecamatan. These areas serve under the Bupati. Wedana - Chief of a Kawedanaan. Kecamatan - Sub District (Adrninistrative Unit) Camat - Chief of Kecamatan Desa - Village (West Java) Kepala Desa - Chief of Village/Desa Kelurahan - Sub village (West Java) Lurah - Chief of Sub-village Bulog - National agency for price control, and distribution of rice. Dolog - Provincial Administrative Bulog Program. Bappenas - National Planning Board Bappemka - District Planning Board i Bluas Mass guidance for Agricultural intensification with government credit at low interest rate. Inmas Mass Guidance for Agricultural intensification without government credit. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) - Rural bank Ulu-Ulu - Field irrigation official at Tertiary Area. Ili-Ili -Irrigation water gate tender P3A (Mitra Cai) - Water Users Association Penyuluh Pertanian - Agricultural Extension Agent. Lapangan (PPL) ii PROPOSAL PANAWANGAN PILOT WATERSHED CO1SERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT INTRODUCTION In the "Terms of Reference" Appendir B of Amendment No.1 to the Citanduy River Basin Develo.pment Project, it states in paragraph No. 3.5 "Upstream Watershed Land and Water Management Pilot Conserva­ tion Project", that the "Consultant will assist and advise the Ministry on the formulation and implementation of a demonstration and training program for improving land and water management practices in watershed areas subject to severe erosion". .1 "l. Demonstration Areas (Pilot Conservation and Water Manage­ ment Watersheds). "Assist the Ministry in the selection of at least four watersheds with a minimum size of 250 hectares". The Consultant's experts examined a number of watersheds in the upstream critical erosion and high runoff areas in the upper parts of the Citanduy Basin. In cooperation with the Forest Service, Agricultural Extension Service, and the Ciamis Bupati with his staff, two small watersheds were selected in Paaawangan area above Kawali on the Ciamis Cirebon road. These two watersheds comprise approximately 442 hectares. One watershed will be treated with land and water conser­ vation practices. The other watershed will remain untreated and will serve as the 'control. These watersheds are problem areas and the watershed to be treated will require wide and varied types of conservation treatments along with water control structures to control the erosion. It will be necessary to provide technical help and labor to farmers to construct contour terraces, check dams, and other water and soil management 1 structures. Technical help will be needed to plan and conduct field and adaptability trials for comparison of different crops, different crop combinations, various terracing methods, multiple cropping systems, contour strip cropping versus no contour, and many other farming practices that require a resolution before general recommenda­ tions can be made for application on other watersheds in Java. The watershed lands are in need of scientific planning and development to control the tremendous amounts of sediment that are being washed from the farms into the streams. In the development of a plan for restoration of the pilot watershed, certain items should
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