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Franco David Astorga Mazza Autor: Franco David Astorga-Mazza “Una Obra Que Nos Une: El Cable Carril”

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Franco David Astorga Mazza Autor: Franco David Astorga-Mazza “Una Obra Que Nos Une: El Cable Carril” AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA MAZZA AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” Página 1 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA- MAZZA CURSO: 3° AÑO “D” E.S.O BACHILLER ESPECIALIZADO EN PRODUCCIÓN “PINTURA” AÑO: 2015 Página 2 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” Página 3 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” AGRADECIMIENTOS Un agradecimiento especial a mis padres que me apoyaron continuamente en la realización de esta investigación. Guiando y brindando su conocimiento para realizar esta obra. A mi hermano José Ezequiel Astorga por ayudarme a seleccionar las fotos. A José Luis Carrizo por concederme datos, experiencias, libros, DVD y sobre todo abrirnos la puerta de su casa para contarnos sus expediciones como guía turístico. Al profesor Bernardo Decaro por cederme archivos personales de su papá. Apasionado historiador de Chilecito, quien escribió múltiples libros el Profesor C. Decaro. A los guías del Museo Cable Carril que con esmero me hicieron conocer cada sector del Museo. Página 4 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” ÍNDICE EL CABLE CARRIL…………………………………………………………..……..4 LAS SIERRAS DEL FAMATINA………………………………………………..….4 LA CONQUISTA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LAS MINAS DEL FAMATINA…...…5 LA COMPAÑÍA DE JESÚS…………………………………………………….…..5 LA PEQUEÑA ESTACIÓN JESUÍTICA DE MASANGANO………………….…5 LAS RUINAS DEL CAPAYÁN……………………………………………………..6 LA PRIMERA CASA DE LA MONEDA……………………………………………8 RESEÑA DE HECHOS (Extraídos del libro “El ensamble perfecto” por Alfredo N. Chade)………………………………………………………………..9 ¿QUIÉNES ERAN LA EMPRESA ADOLF BLEICHERT Y SU IMPORTANCIA A NIVEL MUNDIAL?…………………………………………………………….…..15 HISTORIA 1874-1918……………………………………………………………….16 DESDE 1945………………………………………………………………………….19 EL FERROCARRIL A CHILECITO……………………………………..………….20 EL CABLE CARRIL SU CONSTRUCCIÓN……………………………….………20 SALARIO DE LOS TRABAJADORES……………………………………………..25 DIBUJOS Y FOTOS ORIGINALES DE LA EMPRESA…………………………..27 EL MUSEO CABLE CARRIL………………………………………………………..34 DATOS PARA CONOCER…………………………………………………………..35 DOS TESTIGOS DE LA OBRA………………………………………………….…37 EL CABLE CARRIL CON UN FIN TURÍSTICO…………………………………..37 ENTREVISTA A JOSÉ LUIS CARRIZO GUÍA TURÍSTICO DE LA ZONA…….38 EL CABLE CARRIL COMO INSPIRACIÓN DE MUCHOS ARTISTAS…………38 REGISTRO FOTOGRÁFICO DE MI AUTORIA……………………………………41 BIBLIOGRAFÍAS CONSULTADAS………………………………………………….51 Página 5 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” EL CABLE CARRIL El Famatina, una de las maravillas creadas por Dios, imponente, solemne, majestuoso, se alza a los pies de nuestro departamento Chilecito. En sus entrañas guarda tesoros incomparables, fiel testigo de la mano humana. Los primeros moradores son, quizás la Cultura El Famatina Fuente: ww.turismoruta40.com.ar/chilecito.html de La Aguada. Se asentaron aproximadamente entre el 650 y el 850 y utilizaron los minerales para hacer herramientas de usos domésticos. Los Diaguitas pueblo de esta región usaron el mineral con el mismo propósito. El Imperio Inca pobló estas tierras en busca de sus riquezas (oro, plata y cobre) entre los años 1460 y 1510. Luego le siguieron los Jesuitas. Años posteriores el mejicano Félix Amarello descubre una mina La Mejicana (socavón importante en la sierra de Famatina) quien la bautizó de ese nombre en homenaje a su patria. Estos ancestros motivaron la concreción de un sistema aéreo de acarreo de minerales hoy nuestro famoso Cable Carril. Las riquezas del Famatina trajeron aparejado la primera Casa de la Moneda y La primera sucursal del Banco Nación LAS SIERRAS DE FAMATINA Pertenece a las cadenas montañosas de las Sierras Pampeanas. Esta gran montaña fue investida de un valor simbólico eminentemente religioso por las poblaciones prehispánicas, se supone que se le daba el nombre de Wamatinaj, "hispanizado" como Famatina (acaso evocando a la palabra de origen árabe Fátima); lo cierto es que "famatinas" (o wamatina) eran llamados los pueblos originarios de la etnia diaguita y parcialidad capayán que habitaban en el valle ubicado al oriente de Página 6 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” esta montaña. No sólo su imponente aspecto y su gran altura le hicieron famoso sino la existencia, en el seno del mismo cerro y en sus proximidades, de importantes minas de oro. LA CONQUISTA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LAS MINAS DE FAMATINA La “Ciudad de Todos Los Santos de La Nueva Rioja” fue fundada por Ramírez de Velasco en 1591. Su fundación se debe a la búsqueda del oro del Famatina, creyendo haber llegado a dicho lugar funda por error la ciudad a los pies del Velasco. En 1592 sabiendo que no había encontrado las minas de Famatina, incursiona el Valle de Anguinán y enfilando por la Quebrada del Agua Negra hacia los socavones de plata del Cerro Negro. LA COMPAÑÍA DE JESÚS Se instalaron en La Rioja y en su interior asentándose en Anguinán, Masangano, Guanchín, Nonogasta y zonas aledañas a Chilecito como El Capayán. Los Jesuitas tenían como fin evangelizar a los habitantes de la región y acrecentar su economía. LA PEQUEÑA ESTANCIA JESUITICA DE MASANGANO. Lo que en la actualidad se conoce con dicho nombre, no es más que un puesto perteneciente a las familias Luna y Ormeño de Chilecito. Lugar muy apacible por su aislación y vegetación, con frescas vertientes. Pero Masangano tiene una interesante historia. Se encuentra cerca de Chilecito, por el camino que va a Guanchín, haciendo unos 5 KM. Sale a la izquierda una huella transitable y tras andar unos 4 KM. se ésta en los puestos. Los PP. Jesuitas, fincados en Nonogasta por 1633, comienzan una intensiva labor que abarca toda la actividad tendiente a una integración religiosa y humana del aborigen. Por tal motivo los vemos que junto a la evangelización enseñan los trabajos tendientes a mejorar sus cultivos, habitaciones y extracción de minerales. Página 7 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” A causa de una serie de restricciones y conflictos con los del mayorazgo de Sañogasta, los padres tuvieron que acudir a otros recursos. El Rector del Colegio de La Rioja, Cristóbal de Grijalva, solicita al Gobernador Ángelo de Peredo la merced de sobras de tierras y agua cercanas a la misión de Nonogasta. Como buenos conocedores de los sitios y sus posibilidades, piden las vertientes de Masangano que les son cedidas en 1672, aunque ya las ocupaban unos 20 años antes. Con este recurso proveían de verduras y frutas a la misión y colegio de Nonogasta. Al quedar extinguida la orden en 1767 en todos los dominios españoles, la Junta de Temporalidades se hace cargo de todas las propiedades de los padres. La hacienda de Nonogasta, Masangano y otros sitios fueron rematados en 1803 por Don Inocencio Gordillo. Podemos deducir, que en pleno funcionamiento, Masangano ocupaba una gran zona de cultivos y pastoreo con acequias bien distribuidas, estanque, corrales, atendidos por numeroso personal indígena bien instruidos por los padres jesuitas. A uno 300mt. al este, se advierten restos de numerosas construcciones, cuyos cimientos se pueden observar actualmente. Tal lugar servía de núcleo habitacional que hábilmente era distribuido por los padres de acuerdo a la condición y estado del indígena. Además de la viña, el agua era derivada a otros cultivos en terrazas y planicies. LAS RUINAS DEL CAPAYAN Es posible que este lugar haya sido un cementerio para las poblaciones de Capayán, Los Sarmientos y San Nicolás. A comienzos del siglo pasado Ruinas de CapayánPágina 8 AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” Capayán su fue despoblando y las fundiciones del Sr. Galván dejaron de funcionar debido a que las sobras de agua de Famatina por el incremento de sus sembrados y cultivos las aguas no llegaban. En la actualidad se pueden distinguir dos barrios, uno al norte y otro al sur. El barrio al Norte consta en estos momentos de una vivienda antigua que probablemente perteneció a la Flia. Ocampo Sotomayor y de varias construcciones posteriores cerca del sitio de la fundición, que Huniken pertenecieron al Sr. Galván. Se encuentran en el lugar gran cantidad de escorias y algunas canchas para depositar el mineral que era acarreado por tropas de mulas. En esos tiempos todo se manejaba a mulas y carretas. Entre los grandes propietarios sobresalían el Sr. Illanes con un millar de animales de carga y el empresario Anacarsis Lanas, padre de Adolfo y Roque, dueño de la mayor empresa de carretas. Las tareas en las fundiciones ocupaban mucha mano de obra para el acarreo del mineral, para carga y descarga, los que talaban y acopiaban leña, para su traslado a los hornos que funcionaban día y noche, generalmente con leña verde, lo que motivó la desertificación que hoy vemos en el Valle Antinaco, Los Colorados. También había personal para la molienda en trapiches y marayes. En Capayán Norte aún se advierten cimientos de grandes Ruinas de Capayán (planicies empedradasPágina 9 con restos de escorias). AUTOR: FRANCO DAVID ASTORGA-MAZZA “UNA OBRA QUE NOS UNE: EL CABLE CARRIL” sitios para alojamiento de los trabajadores. Este establecimiento estuvo en funcionamiento hasta principios del Siglo pasado. Con el Cable Carril y las grandes fundiciones de Santa Florentina y Totoral, el resto de estos establecimientos, una decena, dejaron de funcionar. La última en cerrarse fue la de Parchar Almonacid en la calle Santa Rosa. LA PRIMERA CASA DE LA MONEDA En 1749 y 1754 se establece en inmediaciones al emplazamiento del pueblo de Anguinán, el Banco de Rescates o Asiento de Rescates que tenían como misión la compra de la piñas y mineral. Este asiento es el antecedente directo de la Imagen de monedas Macuquinas Fuente: www.todo- futura Casa de La Moneda de La Rioja. argentina.net/historia/hist_moneda/moneda4.htm En la improvisada ceca de Chilecito se hicieron las acuñaciones macuquinas de la Rioja, desde 1821 hasta 1823.
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