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Geology of the Lick Creek Quadrangle Johnson, Union, and Williamson Counties, Southern Illinois

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Geology of the Lick Creek Quadrangle Johnson, Union, and Williamson Counties, Southern Illinois GEOLOGY OF THE LICK CREEK QUADRANGLE JOHNSON, UNION, AND WILLIAMSON COUNTIES, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS W. John Nelson and C. Pius Weibel Department of Natural Resources ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGY OF THE LICK CREEK QUADRANGLE JOHNSON, UNION, AND WILLIAMSON COUNTIE SOUTHERN ILLINOIS W. John Nelson and C. Pius Weibel BULLETIN 103 1996 ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William W. Shilts, Chief 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820-6964 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgments are due to Russel Peppers, who analyzed palynology of coals and provided biostratigraphic data. Jack Masters and Joe Devera care- fully critiqued the geological map. Heinz Damberger, as project leader of COGEOMAP, provided continuous encouragement and advice. Private land- owners in the study area are gratefully acknowledged for permitting access to outcrops on their land. In particular, we thank Sam Michaels, Herman Stokes, and Leonard Jones, who allowed us to drill stratigraphic tests on their land. Cover Photo Graben created by landslide on north side of Grassy Creek Printed by authority of the State of Illinois/l996/1200 printed with soybean ink on recycled paper ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION Geography and Physiography General Geologic Setting Previous Geologic Studies Methodology STRATIGRAPHY Mississippian System Ste. Genevieve Limestone Pope Group Aux Vases Sandstone Renault Limestone Yankeetown Formation and Downeys Bluff Limestone Bethel Sandstone Ridenhower Shale Cypress Sandstone Golconda Formation Hardinsburg Formation Glen Dean Limestone Tar Springs Formation Vienna Limestone Waltersburg Formation Menard Limestone Palestine Formation Clore Formation Degonia Formation Kinkaid Limestone Mississippian-Pennsylvanian Boundary Pennsylvanian System Raccoon Creek Group Caseyville Formation Tradewater Formation Quaternary System Pre-Illinoian Loess Glasford Formation Younger Loess Alluvium, Colluvium, and Talus DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY Mississippian Femsylvanian Caseyville Formation Tradewater Formation Quaternary Deposits STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY ECONOMIC GEOLOGY Limestone Sandstone Fluorspar and Base Metals Sand and Gravel Clay and Shale Coal Petroleum GEOLOGIC HAZARDS Landslides Karst REFERENCES FIGURES Location map Geologic setting of the study area Generalized stratigraphic column of the Pope Group Graphic column of COGEOMAP borehole L-3 Graphic column of COGEOMAP borehole L-2 Measured sections of Kinkaid Lirnestone from quarries The middle part of the Cave Hill Member in a limestone quarry Laminated lime mudstone from the middle part of the Cave Hill Member Quarry wall shows upper Kinkaid and Caseyville strata Ten measured sections in the lower part of the Caseyville Forma tion Measured section in a roadcut along 1-57 illustrates the reference section of the Wayside Member Pennsylvanian nomenclature used for the Lick Creek area Two measured sections of the Caseyville Formation west of 1-57 Geophysical logs and sample graphic column of Pennsylvanian strata in Monjeb Minerals no. 1 Throgmorton borehole Measured section in a roadcut along 1-57 Tabular-planar crossbedding in the Pounds Sandstone Member Graphic column of COGEOMAP borehole G-1 Sketch of a growth fault in the basal Tradewater Formation in a roadcut along 1-57 Huge tabular-planar crossbedding in the lower Tradewater Formation in a roadcut along 1-57 Map showing distribution of the Glasford Formation, preglacial bedrock channels, and postglacial superimposed drainages Exposure of diamicton of the Glasford Formation Diamicton of the Glasford Formation shows polygonal veins interpreted as dessication cracks A tension fissure caused by a landslide on the north side of Grassy Creek A graben created by a landslide TABLE 1 Boreholes in the study area PLATE Stratigraphic column of rocks exposed at surface The Lick Creek Quadrangle comprises thicker and coarser grained east- cut new channels superimposed into parts of Johnson, Union, and William- ward, and the Caseyville thickens bedrock. Other Quaternary sediments son Counties and lies along the south- eastward from about 180 to 400 feet. in the study area are interpreted as west margin of the Illinois Basin. Subsidence evidently was more alluvium, colluvium, talus, and loess. Outcropping bedrock strata are rapid in the eastern part of the quad- Paleozoic rocks in the quadrangle of Chesterian (late Mississippian) rangle than in the western part dur- dip uniformly northeast at an aver- and Pennsylvanian age. Exposed ing Caseyville time. age of less than lo.The only tectonic Mississippian strata are about 450 The Tradewater Formation (late fault is a southwest-dipping thrust feet thick and consist of alternating Morrowan to early Desmoinesian; fault that has about 10 feet of throw. limestone, shale, and sandstone. Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian) A few normal faults having throws These rocks are assigned to the conformably overlies the Caseyville. of several feet were observed in road- Pope Group and divided into five The Tradewater consists of lithic cuts; they probably are products of formations: Menard Limestone (old- arenite interbedded with shale, silt- soft-sediment deformation. est), Palestine Formation, Clore stone, and thin coal. Maximum thick- Limestone is the only known sig- Formation, Degonia Formation, and ness of the Tradewater is about 300 nificant mineral commodity in the Kinkaid Limestone. Pope Group sedi- feet; its top is eroded. The Caseyville study area. Several quarries have ments were deposited in shallow sub- and Tradewater Formations repre- operated in the Kinkaid Limestone tidal to supratidal environments on a sent shallow marine, estuarine, and in and near the Lick Creek Quad- tectonically stable shelf. Siliciclastic deltaic sediments; they have not rangle. Coal beds are too thin and intervals reflect episodes of deltaic been differentiated in the western lenticular to be of economic interest. progradation. part of the quadrangle. Nine unsuccessful oil and gas explo- The Caseyville Formation (Mor- Quaternary deposits in the study ration holes have been drilled in the rowan; Lower Pennsylvanian) un- area include unlithified clay, silt, and quadrangle. The deepest forma tion conformably overlies the Kinkaid sand and gravel. Diarnicton of the penetrated was the Ste. Genevieve Limestone. The Caseyville is com- Glasford Formation has been map- Limestone (Valmeyeran; middle posed of thick, bluff-forming sand- ped in the northern part of the quad- Mississippian). stone that is interbedded with slope- rangle. The Glasford is interpreted Landslides are a hazard on steep forming intervals of shale, siltstone, as ice-margin and terminal moraine slopes, especially those underlain by and thin, lenticular coal. Caseyville sediment at the extreme southern the Glasford Formation. Sinkholes sandstones are quartz arenites and limit of Illinoian continental glacia- and other karst features occur in commonly contain quartz pebbles. tion. The Glasford filled preglacial some areas underlain by limestone, Individual sandstone units become valleys; streams have subsequently particularly the Kinkaid Limestone. This report accompanies the Lick has developed in some areas that are Lick Creek and its tributary Buck Creek geologic quadrangle map underlain by thicker Mississippian Branch drain most of the southern weibel and Nelson 1993) and is one limestones. half of the quadrangle. Bradshaw of a series of Illinois State Geological The highest elevation in the quad- Creek drains the southeastern comer. Survey (ISGS) publications on the rangle is more than 860 feet above Both creeks are part of the Cache geology of southern Illinois. This mean sea level, in the S% SW SW of River watershed and are separated study was prepared under the aus- Section 18, TIIS, R2E. Upland Mis- from north-flowing drainages in the pices of the Cooperative Geologic sissippian strata generally are above quadrangle by a major east-west Mapping Program (COGEOMAP) 450 feet, and Pennsylvanian strata divide. The north-flowing streams, and jointly supported by the United generally are above 550 feet. Bottom- including Wolf Creek, Middle Wolf States Geological Survey (USGS) land elevations average about 400 Creek, Little Wolf Creek, Little and the ISGS. COGEOMAP pro- feet. The lowest elevation is less than Grassy Lake, and Devils Kitchen duced maps suitable for (1) under- 390 feet in the southeast corner of Lake, are part of the Big Muddy standing local and regional geologic the quadrangle along Lick Creek. River watershed. history, (2) exploring mineral re- Total relief is 470 feet; local relief is Climate is warm and temperate, sources, (3) assessing geologic haz- as much as 250 feet. with an average annual temperature ards, and (4) planning for land use. Geography and Physiography The Lick Creek Quadrangle is in JACKSON southernmost Illinois between lati- tudes 37'30' and 37'37'30" N and SALINE GALLATIN WILLIAMSON longitudes 89O00' and 89O07'30" W (fig. 1). Highway access to the area is ------- provided by Interstate highway K 57 (1-57) between Marion and Cairo. The Lick Creek and Goreville inter- changes are within the quadrangle. Paved and graveled county roads provide access to most of the study area, except for areas around the Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge, where access is by foot trails. Two unincorporated villages, Lick Creek and Wayside, are in the quad- 20 mi rangle, but the latter is a "ghost" 30 km town. Approximately three-fourths of the quadrangle is privately owned, and most of the remainder is in the Shawnee National Forest. The quadrangle is within
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