The Army War College & Carlisle Barracks
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WarCollege_FINAL.qxp_REPORT_1 7/18/18 11:01 AM Page 1 PENNSYLVANIA MILITARY INSTALLATIONS // IMPACTS J CARLISLE BARRACKS & THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE WarCollege_FINAL.qxp_REPORT_1 7/18/18 11:01 AM Page 2 This report was produced by the University of Pittsburgh Center for Social and Urban Research (UCSUR) and financed by a grant from the Pennsylvania Military Community Enhancement Commission, Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development, with additional funding support from Team PA. June 2018 WarCollege_FINAL.qxp_REPORT_1 7/18/18 11:01 AM Page 3 CARLISLE BARRACKS & THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE This report is part of the Pennsylvania Military Community Enhancement Commission-sponsored study of the economic impacts of Pennsylvania’s military and defense installations. The aim of the project is to aid the Commis- sion and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in understanding the economic and strategic value of its major military installations regionally and nationally, as well as their ties to surrounding communities and Pennsylvania industry. he Garrison at Carlisle Barracks (Cumber - Distance Education Program. Graduates of the two- land County, Pennsylvania) is home to the year distance education program can earn a master’s U.S. Army War College (USAWC) and the degree in strategic studies and meet Department of De - U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center fense (DoD) Joint Professional Military Education T (USAHEC). The Army’s Dunham Medical (JPME) requirements. Resident programs have almost Clinic is also located at the installation and serves as a 400 enrollees while 800 students are enrolled in dis - regional medical center supporting Active Duty and re - tance education. tired service members across Central Pennsylvania. USAWC also serves as the Army’s center for strate - USAWC is the Army’s senior service college, the gic analysis and general officer education. The Army capstone in the continuum of training and education Strategic Education Program was formalized in 2017 provided to competitively-selected senior career mili - and runs Professional Military Education—both at tary officers in the grade of Lieutenant Colonel and Carlisle Barracks and as mobile training at major Army Colonel. The majority of resident students are enrolled installations—for the entire population of Army gen - in a 10-month course that leads to a master’s degree in eral officers. Major programs include the Center for strategic studies. Students include Active, Reserve, and Strategic Leadership, which provides strategic wargam - Guard officers from all services. In addition, high-level ing exercises for senior Army leadership throughout the government civilians and military International Fellows year; the Strategic Studies Institute; and the Peacekeep - from 80 counties attend USAWC. Military officers and ing and Stability Operations Institute. federal civilian employees also take part in USAWC’s >> 1 PA MILITARY INSTALLATIONS & IMPACTS CARLISLE BARRACKS & THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE WarCollege_FINAL.qxp_REPORT_1 7/18/18 11:01 AM Page 4 > > Other specialized short-term training programs These education and research efforts are comple - hosted by USAWC include the Combined/Joint Force mented by the co-location of the USAHEC at Carlisle Land Component Commander Course (C/JFLCC) and Barracks. USAHEC supports the Army Heritage Mu - the Nominative Leader Course (NLC). The C/JFLCC seum as well as the USAWC Library and today incor - Course originated in 2003, directed by the U.S. Army porates the U.S Army Military History Institute. The Chief of Staff to build upon the positive lessons of Institute operates the Army's central historical archival Army and Marine Corps cooperation during overseas repository, managing and executing the archival mis - contingency operations. The NLC is a two-week course sion for historical materials pertaining to military and designed to prepare Command Sergeants Major (CSM) U.S. Army history and manages the Department of the for duties as CSMs of major Army commands. Army’s directed oral history programs: the Senior Of - ficer Oral History Program and Division Command Lessons Learned. J arlisle Barracks’ history as a military en - School, which opened in 1879. The Interior Depart - campment dates at least to the French and ment expanded the site by 109 acres in 1897 and an Indian War when the area was used as additional 175 acres in 1901. Upon the U.S. entry into staging ground for British and American World War I, the expanded site reverted back to the C troops preparing to engage French forces War Department. During the war, the installation in Western Pennsylvania. The site, then named “Wash - served as a rehabilitation hospital and in 1920 became ingtonburg,” was designated by the Continental Con - home to a new Medical Field Service School for Active gress as an ordinance center in 1777. During what Duty, Reserve, and National Guard medical officers. became known as the Whiskey Rebellion, Carlisle be - The school was responsible for multiple innovations in came a center for mobilization of approximately combat medicine, including the development of the 14,000 federal troops before President Washington led “Carlisle Bandage,” eventually carried by most soldiers them into Western Pennsylvania. 1 during World War II. 3 The Medical Field Service School The site was owned by the Penn family but rented was moved to Fort Sam Houston in 1946. Since 1951, free of charge to Pennsylvania between 1755 and 1801. Carlisle Barracks has primarily been the home of The original Army post at Carlisle Barracks consisted USAWC. of 29 acres acquired by the War Department in 1801. 2 USAWC initially began operation in 1901 at the For 23 years prior to the outbreak of the Civil War, Washington Barracks in the District of Columbia (cur - Carlisle served as the home of the Army’s Calvary rently Fort McNair). The institution suspended opera - School. In 1863, the site was briefly occupied and tions during World War I and again in 1940. Following burned by Confederate troops just before they engaged World War II, USAWC was reestablished at Fort Leav - with Union Troops at the Battle of Gettysburg. enworth, Kansas in 1950, and the following year was The site was turned over to the Interior Depart - relocated to Carlisle Barracks in October 1951. J ment in 1870 for use as the Carlisle Indian Industrial 2 PA MILITARY INSTALLATIONS & IMPACTS CARLISLE BARRACKS & THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE WarCollege_FINAL.qxp_REPORT_1 7/18/18 11:02 AM Page 5 his report estimates the total economic impact This economic impact analysis quantifies the potential of Army operations at Carlisle Barracks ac - impact on employment and economic output of opera - cruing within the State of Pennsylvania and tions at Carlisle Barracks. This could be interpreted as an estimate for the local economic impact the result if USAWC was disestablished and all opera - T within Cumberland County. The IMPLAN tions at Carlisle Barracks were relocated outside of Penn - model was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and in - sylvania. USAWC staff provided data and personnel, duced impacts generated by the ongoing operations at payroll, and expenditures for the 2015–16 federal fiscal USAWC, including USAHEC and the Army’s Dunham year; results reflect economic impact over that period. Medical Clinic. Direct impacts are the employment and The total economic impacts generated by Army op - spending by Army organizations located at Carlisle Bar - erations at Carlisle Barracks, broken down by direct, in - racks, which includes the impacts of resident students direct, and induced sources include: (see Table 1) enrolled in USAWC programs. Indirect impacts, some - • A total of 2,868 jobs within the state of Pennsylvania, times called intermediate impacts, are generated by the generating over $229 million in labor income annually. supply chain purchases of these organizations. Induced impacts derive from the spending patterns of civilian em - • $521 million in overall economic output within Penn - ployees and service members at Carlisle Barracks and sylvania. Just under $434 million of this was estimated to other workers whose jobs are generated by operations at be Gross Regional Product (GRP), or value-added produc - the installation. tion, generated within the state. J >> 3 Source: University of Pittsburgh Center for Social and Urban Research, 2018 PA MILITARY INSTALLATIONS & IMPACTS CARLISLE ARMY BARRACKS & THE ARMY WAR COLLEGE 4 WarCollege_FINAL.qxp_REPORT_1 7/18/18 11:02 AM Page 6 he sections that follow originate from an Army and DoD leadership is crucial for USAWC’s edu - analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportu - cation, research, and directed policy and planning mis - nities, and threats (SWOT) at USAWC. sions. Strengths and weaknesses include attributes, As with all institutions of higher education, a prin - T assets, or factors that are internal to the in - cipal strength of USAWC is the core faculty and staff. stallation. Threats are external factors that are harmful The key areas of research specializations among to, or create vulnerabilities for, the installation. Oppor - USAWC staff are critical to supporting Army and De - tunities offer ways to mitigate threats and weaknesses fense Department needs; many are concentrated in and/or reinforce and expand on the installation’s unique areas that are difficult to find elsewhere either strengths. The SWOT analysis is summarized in Table within the defense establishment or at civilian institu - 2 and aspects of the analysis are described throughout tions. the following sections. As part of its core education mission, USAWC has One of the key advantages of Carlisle Barracks as become a pillar for international military education by a location for USAWC is its proximity to Washington, hosting students from a wide range of partner nations. D.C. Within 100 miles from the Pentagon, visitors from The USAWC International Fellows program began with D.C. or Northern Virginia can easily reach Carlisle by six students enrolled in the 1977 –78 academic year and car or air. Students can regularly travel to D.C., indi - has expanded to 80 students in recent classes.