Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

2017 Update and SDG Baselines 2 PROGRESS ON DRINKING WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE HIGHLIGHTS (SDG)targets global indicators.and relateto the Sustainable Development Goal ladder, focus with particular a thoseon that JMP willcontinue to oneach monitor rungs all also has introducedbeen for hygiene. The criteriarelating levels. to service third A ladder new with establish and additional rungs ladders buildwhich indicators established on introduces updated water sanitation and development.of stages report 2017 This sonprogressof across countries different at ‘ladders’compari and - benchmarking enable hygiene(WASH) since 1990. service JMP The progresswater, drinking on sanitation and estimatesregionalnational, of global and Hygiene and (JMP) produced has regular Programmefor Water Supply, Sanitation WHO/UNICEF The Joint Monitoring Updated JMP ladders for drinking water and sanitation and a new ladder for hygiene SDG 6 SDG 1 Fig. 1 1. Highlights . . 4. 1 . 1 1 Updated ladders JMP service UNIMPROVED MANAGED SURFACE LIMITED SAFELY WATER BASIC accessibility and type infrastructure on data Existing services of and quality availability accessibility, New data on SDG 1 SDG 6 SDG 6 hygiene Global goals, targets and indicators for drinking water, sanitation and Table 1 defecation Ending open basic services basic access to universal Achieving services managed safely towards Progress . . . 4. 2. 2. 1 1 1 SECTOR WASH WASH GOAL UNIMPROVED DEFECATION MANAGED

LIMITED SAFELY

BASIC OPEN 6.2 1.4 6.2 6.1 and those and situations vulnerable in attentionto the women of needs girls and and sanitation equitable hygiene and for all By2030, achieve access to adequate and well as to economic resources,rights equal as the vulnerable, and poor have particular By2030, ensure women, and men all in and those and situations vulnerable in attentionto the women of needs girls and defecation,open end and paying special and hygiene sanitation equitable for all By2030, achieve access to water accessto By2030, achieve universal equitable and end opendefecationpaying, special SDG GLOBAL TARGET type/behaviour infrastructure on data Existing accessibility and type infrastructure on data Existing excreta treatment of disposal and emptying, New data on forall access… to basic services safe andaffordable drinking adequate and SDG 1 SDG 6 . . 4. 2. 1 1 NO FACILITY 6.2.1 6.2.1 1.4.1 6.2.1 6.1.1 LIMITED BASIC

SDG GLOBAL INDICATOR defecation Population practising and water and available premiseson with soap handwashing facility Population with basic a managed services sanitation Populationusing andhygienesanitation ) (including with access to services basic Population households in living services watermanaged drinking Populationusing basic drinking water,basic drinking soap andwater facilities with handwashing New data on safely safely open open HIGHLIGHTS 3 2017 UPDATE AND SDG BASELINES 82 28 34 29 33

2 Small Island Developing States* Developing Island Small

3 100 Least Developed Countries Developed Least 94

91 Landlocked Developing Countries Developing Landlocked

52

Australia and New Zealand* New and Australia

5 Oceania* 94

31 65

Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia* South-eastern and Asia Eastern

31 57 Western Asia and Northern Africa* Northern and Asia Western 34 24

<50% 50-75% 76-90% 91-100% DATA INSUFFICIENT APPLICABLE NOT Regional drinking water coverage, 2015 coverage, drinking water Regional Northern America and Europe and America Northern

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Latin America and the Caribbean the and America Latin managed services. safely estimate data to Insufficient Fig. 3 Fig. 0

20 40 60 80 * Estimates of safely managed drinking water water drinking managed safely of Estimates eight of out four for available services are regions SDG 100 Asia Southern and Asia Central

2 6 4 17 71 World Global drinking 2015 coverage, water 2 LIMITED SURFACE WATER WATER SURFACE UNIMPROVED BASIC MANAGED SAFELY Fig. 0 80 60 40 20 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 7 out of 10 people of 10 people 7 out managed safely used services water drinking 2015 in 100

sources, sources, basic limited safely safely Water . 1 safely managed safely water available available water . premises on located . contamination from free drinking managed watersafely

Proportion of population using at least basic drinking water services, 2015 water using at least basic drinking of population Proportion 58% lived in sub-Saharan Africa. in sub-Saharan lived 58% 89 per cent of the global population of the 89 per cent at least a used billion people) (6.5 service). drinking water drinking159 million people still collected surface water from directly water service; that is, an improved source within source service; is, an improved that water. collect to trip round 30 minutes’ a even 844 million people still lacked service. basic drinking water 30 minutes 263 million people spent over an from water collect to trip per round a (constituting source improved Three out of four people (5.4 billion) used people (5.4 of four out Three sources improved drinking water services drinking managed water One out of three people using of three One out in rural areas. billion) lived (1.9 billion) used people (5.8 of ten Eight out with sources improved when needed. billion) used people (5.4 of four out Three sources improved 71 per cent of the global population 71of the per cent a used billion people) (5.2 drinking water service; is, one located drinking water that when needed and available on premises, contamination. from free for Estimates (representing countries 96 for available were and for global population), of the 35 per cent of eight SDG regions out four

10. 7. 8. 9. 6. 4. 5. 3. In 2015, 1. Key messages Key 2. This report refers to the SDG region of “Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand” as Oceania. Zealand” and New Australia excluding of “Oceania the SDG region to refers This report or territories. areas countries, to refer in this report Statistics Member States. Nations all United including and territories, areas 232 countries, for progress The JMP tracks National estimates are made where data are available for at least 50% of the relevant population. Regional and global estimates are made where data are available for at least 30% of the relevant population. of the relevant at least 30% for available data are made where are and global estimates Regional population. of the relevant at least 50% for available data are made where are estimates National Fig. 4 Fig.

2 3 1 Drinking By 2015, 181 countries had achieved over 75% coverage with at least basic drinking water services water drinking basic least at with coverage 75% over achieved had 181 countries 2015, By 4 PROGRESS ON DRINKING WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE HIGHLIGHTS 4 By 2015, 154countries had achieved over 75% coverage with basic sanitation services Fig. 7 National estimates are madewhere dataare available for atleast50% oftherelevant population. Regional andglobalestimates are madewhere dataare available for atleast30% oftherelevant population. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 2015,In Key messages 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. Sanitation

whereexcreta were (0.9people)billion latrinesusedor toilets centper 13 theof population global wastewater was treated . facilitiesconnected to sewers from which (1.9people)billion used private sanitation centper 27 theof population global livedareas. rural in managed Twoout fiveof using people forfive out regionsSDG eight of centper 48 theof population), global and wereavailable for countries84 (representing Estimatesfor disposedtreatedor situ in of off-site. that sanitationexcretais, service; safely people)billion (2.9 used a centper 39 theof population global practised worldwidepeople million 892 still facilitiesshared with other households. that sanitationimprovedis, service; 600usedpeople million a sanitationbasic service. lacked still people billion 2.3 even a sanitationservice. (5.0people)billion used a least at centper 68 theof population global treated off-site. fromexcretawhich are populationsepticusing latrinesand tanks estimate global thea of proportion of Availablewere data insufficient to make Proportion ofpopulation usingatleastbasicsanitation 2015 services, open defecation. sanitation services (1.2 sanitation services billion) sanitation safely managed sanitation . disposed ofinsitu emptied and emptied and limited safely managed safely 4 .

basic

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 100 2015 insanitation services used safely managed Two out offive people 20 40 60 80 0 Fig. SAFELY MANAGED BASIC OPEN DEFECATION UNIMPROVED LIMITED

5 coverage, 2015 Global sanitation World 12 12 39 29 8

Latin America and the Caribbean

Western Asia and Northern Africa Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia SDG regions areservices available for five out of eight Estimates ofsafely managed sanitation * 100 80 60 40 20 Fig. 6 Insufficient datato estimate safely managedservices. 0 Regional sanitation coverage, 2015

■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Australia and New Zealand 63 Northern America and Europe 22 NOT APPLICABLE INSUFFICIENT DATA 91-100% 76-90% 50-75% <50% 34 52 55 22 Sub-Saharan Africa* Central Asia and Southern Asia* 68 32

78 19

28 Oceania* LandlockedLeast DevelopingDeveloped Countries* 36

Small Island Developing States* 50 32 40

68 HIGHLIGHTS 5 2017 UPDATE AND SDG BASELINES 2030 2025 2020 2015

2010 AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ZEALAND NEW AND AUSTRALIA EUROPE AND AMERICA NORTHERN ZEALAND NEW AND AUSTRALIA EXCLUDING OCEANIA AND NORTHERN AFRICA ASIA WESTERN AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AND THE CARIBBEAN AMERICA LATIN ASIA SOUTH-EASTERN AND ASIA EASTERN ASIA AND SOUTHERN ASIA CENTRAL

2005 <50% 50-75% 76-90% 91-100% DATA INSUFFICIENT APPLICABLE NOT ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Regional trends in national population practising open defecation, practising open defecation, in national population trends Regional (in millions) 2000–2015 2000 0 200 400 600 800 1200 1400 1000 Fig. 9 Fig.

A substantial acceleration is needed to end open open end to needed is acceleration A substantial 2030 by defecation of people practising number the and 2015, Between 2000 1229 892 million, an million to declined from open defecation in As shown of 22 million people per year. decrease average end open to in order accelerate will need to progress 9, Figure 2030. by defecation of people practising number in the a drop saw All SDG regions high where Africa, sub-Saharan for except open defecation, from in open defecation an increase led to growth population open defecation where 220 million, and in Oceania, 204 to million. 1.3 1 to from increased

(no data) (no

Oceania (no data) (no

Australia and New Zealand Zealand New and Australia

Sub-Saharan Africa (n=34) Africa Sub-Saharan

Eastern Asia and and Asia Eastern

South-eastern Asia (n=5) Asia South-eastern

the Caribbean (n=14) Caribbean the Latin America and and America Latin

Proportion of population with of population Proportion in facilities basic handwashing 2015 70 countries,

Western Asia and and Asia Western Northern Africa (n= 7) (n= Africa Northern 8

0 and Europe (n=2) Europe and Fig.

20 40 60

80

70 countries had had 70 countries available data comparable 2015 in handwashing on 100 Northern America America Northern Central Asia and Southern Asia (n=8) Asia Southern and Asia Central

Proportion of population with handwashing facilities including soap and water at home, 2015 at home, and water soap including facilities with handwashing of population Proportion

Many high-income countries high-income Many data to sufficient lacked with population the estimate facilities. basic handwashing 70 countries had 70 countries data availablecomparable soap with on handwashing representing and water, global of the 30 per cent population. of basic Coverage with facilities handwashing from varied and water soap in sub-Saharan15 per cent in 76 per cent to Africa Asia and NorthernWestern currently data are but Africa, a produce to insufficient or estimatesglobal estimate, SDG regions. other for Developed In Least of 27 per cent Countries, had basic population the with facilities handwashing while 26 and water, soap had handwashingper cent or lacking soap facilities 47 The remaining water. had no facility. per cent Africa, In sub-Saharan people with of five out three facilities basic handwashing in lived (89 million people) urban areas.

In 2015, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Key messages Key Fig. 10 Fig.

In 2015, most countries in Africa had less than 50% coverage with basic handwashing facilities handwashing basic with coverage 50% than less had Africa in countries most 2015, In Hygiene DRINKING WATER SANITATION HYGIENE

In 2015, In 2015, In 2015, • 71 per cent of the global population • 39 per cent of the global population • 70 countries had comparable data (5.2 billion people) used a safely (2.9 billion people) used a safely available on handwashing with soap managed drinking water service; managed sanitation service; that is, and water, representing 30 per cent of that is, one located on premises, excreta safely disposed of in situ or the global population. available when needed and free from treated off-site. • Coverage of basic handwashing facilities contamination. • 27 per cent of the global population with soap and water varied from 15 • Eight out of ten people (5.8 billion) (1.9 billion people) used private per cent in sub-Saharan Africa to 76 used improved sources with water sanitation facilities connected to per cent in Western Asia and Northern available when needed. sewers from which wastewater was Africa, but data are currently insufficient • Three out of four people (5.4 billion) treated. to produce a global estimate, or used improved sources located on • 13 per cent of the global population estimates for other SDG regions. premises. (0.9 billion people) used toilets or • In Least Developed Countries, 27 • Three out of four people (5.4 billion) latrines where excreta were disposed per cent of the population had basic used improved sources free from of in situ. handwashing facilities with soap contamination. • Available data were insufficient and water, while 26 per cent had • 844 million people still lacked even a to make a global estimate of the handwashing facilities lacking soap or basic drinking water service. proportion of population using septic water. The remaining 47 per cent had tanks and latrines from which excreta no facility. • 263 million people spent over 30 are emptied and treated off-site. minutes per round trip to collect • In sub-Saharan Africa, three out of five water from an improved source (a • 2.3 billion people still lacked even a people with basic handwashing facilities limited drinking water service). basic sanitation service. (89 million people) lived in urban areas. • 159 million people still collected • 600 million people used a limited • Many high-income countries lacked drinking water directly from surface sanitation service. sufficient data to estimate the water sources, 58% lived in sub- • 892 million people worldwide still population with basic handwashing Saharan Africa. practised open defecation. facilities.

ISBN 978-92-4-151289-3 JMP website: www.washdata.org