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Menstrual Hygiene Management in the Time of COVID-19

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Menstrual Hygiene Management in the Time of COVID-19 Periods IN a Pandemic Menstrual hygiene management in the time of COVID-19 Under a program funded by Plan International Australia, these reusable pads are made by local Ugandan women giving them the opportunity to generate an income and send their children to school. Introduction: Periods Don’t Stop for Pandemics Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are the first line The gendered impacts of COVID-19 are being seen all of defence against COVID-19. It’s widely recognised over the world. Meeting the critical menstrual hygiene that access to clean, running water and soap for management needs of women and girls is central to handwashing is a critical need that must be met in an inclusive global response that promotes equality our global response to the pandemic, however there and social inclusion. are other essential aspects of WASH that should not be forgotten at this time. This report looks at how the current implications of COVID-19 is exacerbating key challenges for On any single day during this health emergency, 800 people who menstruate around the world and million diverse women and girls are menstruating and provides recommendations on how to include grappling with the unique challenges of doing so in a menstrual hygiene management (MHM) within global pandemic.1 a COVID-19 response. Periods don’t stop during a pandemic and for millions of people2 in the countries that Plan International works in privately and safely managing menstruation and addressing the taboo and stigma associated with it is critical to ensuring their human rights, health and dignity. As some countries emerge from the peak of the pandemic and restrictions on movement begin to ease, the challenge for millions of people who menstruate continues. Cover image: As part of our COVID-19 response in Zambia, Plan International distributed 615 menstrual hygiene kits to girls and young women as well as 1,020 bars of soap to vulnerable households in Kafue District. 2 Experts worldwide speak out about COVID-19 and menstrual hygiene management To gain a deeper understanding of the specific problems COVID-19 has posed for managing menstrual health and hygiene, Plan International conducted an online survey exclusively for professionals who work in the WASH and Sexual Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) fields across the Plan International federation. The online survey was live from 11 May to 17 May 2020 and attracted 61 responses from professionals working in 24 countries. Responses were gathered from: Asia-Pacific: Africas: Latin America: • Rwanda • Dominican Republic • Australia • Liberia • El Salvador • Bangladesh • Tanzania • Colombia • Nepal • Ghana • Cambodia Europe: • Zimbabwe • Myanmar • Sweden • Mozambique • Philippines • Denmark • Togo • Laos • UK • Kenya • Solomon Islands • Netherlands North America • Canada The number leading concerns about the impact In addition to the WASH professionals’ survey, a of COVID-19 on menstrual hygiene management second survey for people who menstruate was amongst Plan International’s professionals who took distributed across Australia, Ireland, Fiji, the Solomon this survey were: Islands, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and Vanuatu, to provide further evidence. 1. 81% were concerned people who menstruate would not be supported to meet their menstrual While these samples are not statistically significant, hygiene management (MHM) needs and the data is not weighted, qualitative evidence from these participants has been included in this 2. 78% worried the pandemic would further limit report in the form of quotes and – where possible – freedom of movement; and percentage of respondents per country who indicated an issue. 3. 75% said COVID-19 may pose increased health risks for people who menstruate, as resources, such as water, are diverted to other needs. Key findings: Periods in a Pandemic report In relation to MHM, WASH professionals in 24 countries have reported that COVID-19 has worsened key challenges for people who bleed by: 1. Restricting access to products, through either shortages or disrupted supply chains: 73% agreed* 2. Restricting access to WASH facilities to help change, clean and dispose of sanitary products: 68% agreed 3. Increased and prohibitive prices of products: 58% agreed 4. Lack of access to information about menstrual hygiene management: 54% agreed 5. Reduced access and availability of clean water to help manage periods: 51% agreed 6. A less hygienic environment for sanitary hygiene product disposal: 47% agreed 7. Increased stigma, shaming or harmful cultural practices associated with menstruation: 24% agreed *N=45 (16 survey takers skipped the multiple choice questions) 3 Seven key issues related to coronavirus and periods COVID-19 lock-downs, border This has the follow-on effect of sanitary products closures and supply disruptions have becoming a scarce resource. People may avoid going 1 to local markets or supermarkets to obtain essential limited access to menstrual hygiene supplies in fear of exposure to COVID-19 in public places. products When sanitary products are hard to obtain, individuals may be forced to resort to using As global supply chains are disrupted and smaller unhygienic alternatives that can increase their risk of scale private sector enterprises cease trading, reproductive and urinary tract infections.3 deliveries of goods has slowed, particularly in remote areas. Shops and markets remain closed and This lack of access to safe sanitary products during restrictions on movement due to lockdowns have COVID-19 poses a real threat to the health and safety made sourcing goods more challenging. of people that menstruate. Three-quarters (73%) of WASH professionals say access and distribution has been hampered by COVID-19. One in three girls and women surveyed in the Pacific said (30%) that period products had become harder to find during the pandemic. “Due to the COVID-19, sanitary products are getting “Due to bulk buying it has been extremely hard to scarce, stores in rural areas are empty.” find any products at all, and when you do find them, WASH Project officer, Solomon Islands. they are quite expensive,” Young woman, Australia. “Challenges observed particularly when distributing sanitary pads [during the pandemic] includes poor “There are no tampons available anymore.” knowledge on how to use sanitary pads and high Teenage girl, Papua New Guinea. demand of sanitary pads by adolescent girls.” Head of COVID-19 response Tanzania. “The pads I use - in most supermarkets - is out of stock.” “One of Plan International’s partners who Young woman, Fiji. manufactures reusable sanitary pads has been impacted by disruptions in the supply chain of their “As most shops have run out, I sometimes have to core materials for fabrication, reducing their ability to substitute in different ways instead.” produce pads.” Teenage girl, Solomon Islands. Program Manager WASH, Australia. “Last month I had gone to get pads I like and they “Those who rely on food banks have been hard hit weren’t in two stores I tried,” due to middle classes stockpiling [sanitary pads] from Young woman, Ireland. supermarkets thus leaving vulnerable and those in “The products is rare and hard to find. Many people poverty to go without.” buy too much for themselves,” Head of Disaster Response Management, United Young woman, Indonesia. Kingdom. “I went to the supermarket and there were absolutely “Most school-going girls have challenges in no tampons available of any brand,” accessing the products.” Young woman, Australia. Public Health Officer, Kenya. “The products are rare and hard to find. Many people “Communities are far apart, making logistics hard to buy too much for themselves,” get to the target groups. Solomon Islands recently Young woman, Indonesia. just had a tropical cyclone come through parts of the country wreaking havoc, and equally destroying roads, so it was difficult to get out to distribute.” WASH Officer, Solomon Islands. 4 CASE STUDY: Etelfina, 17, Timor Leste I am really worried about my family since all public activities have been suspended and my family depends on the market to earn income. As many other girls, I feel unsafe when all small shops closed. It is difficult for girls to get sanitary and hygiene products during this pandemic. CASE STUDY: Diana, 21, Kenya Diana recently received a care package from Plan International containing period products. “The pandemic has denied us access to sanitary towels and diapers. We used to be able to get them in school for those of us who went back, but since the schools have been closed, we have been unable to access them.” Limited or disrupted access to 2 facilities for changing, washing or Two-thirds (68%) of WASH professionals report access to facilities to help girls manage their cleaning during menstruation periods has been disrupted. At least 500 million women and girls globally lack 4 adequate facilities for MHM. Across the Pacific girls and women surveyed, A lack of access to clean water to wash, toilets with almost half (40%) said they had trouble finding doors for privacy and a lack of means to dispose of facilities for changing and disposing of period used products are some examples of the challenges products safely, privately and hygienically. that people face in managing their menstrual hygiene in a private, safe and dignified manner. “While transit, women preferred not using common “It’s very difficult to change the used pads when we toilets due to fear of infection from COVID-19.” are out in town because the public conveniences Senior Technical Advisor WASH, India. charge to use, which is more expensive in this pandemic time.” “Due to lack of sanitary pad supply, females are Young woman, Fiji. depending on using traditional cloth napkins. Many of them don’t know the proper way of cleaning it... “If we go on lockdown again for months, especially There is ample scope for bacterial infection.” for girls and mothers, we will really find it hard to Technical specialist SRHR Bangladesh.
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