Bioethics and Global Health with Reference to Hand Washing in Children
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Global Handwashing Day Edition
GLOBAL HANDWASHING oap Stories DAY EDITION S and Toilet Tales UNICEF Programme Division / WASH 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA www.unicef.org/wash Commentaries represent the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the United Nations Children’s Fund. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply on the part of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities or the delimitations of its frontiers. Cover Photo: © UNICEF China/2009 GLOBA L HANDWAS HIN Soap Stories DAY EDITION G and Toilet Tales Table of Contents Introduction. 2 Part 1. More Than Just a Day INDIA Big is beautiful beyond a day . 4 CHAD Good things in small packages. .6 LAtiN AmERicA A symphony of progress. 8 Part 2. Innovative Approaches MAli The power of fun. 10 ANGOLA Singing for soap (and water). 12 BOLIVIA A message in the streets. .14 Part 3. Impressive Partnerships IRAQ Handwashing in difficult circumstances. 16 JAPAN The Global Handwashing Dance . 18 INDONESIA Nationwide success. 20 For the record . 22 Conclusion. 23 Introduction The following stories are a small selection of highlights from more than 80 countries that celebrate Global Handwashing Day. They represent the myriad activities undertaken by UNICEF and partners to spread the message that “clean hands save lives” and to raise the profile of handwashing with soap – an important behaviour for promoting the health and development of all children. -
Global SDG Baseline for WASH in Health Care Facilities Practical Steps to Achieve Universal WASH in Health Care Facilities
Global SDG baseline for WASH in health care facilities Practical steps to achieve universal WASH in health care facilities Questions and Answers What is meant by WASH in health care facilities? The term “WASH in health care facilities” refers to the provision of water, sanitation, health care waste, hygiene and environmental cleaning infrastructure and services across all parts of a facility. “Health care facilities” encompass all formally-recognized facilities that provide health care, including primary (health posts and clinics), secondary, and tertiary (district or national hospitals), public and private (including faith-run), and temporary structures designed for emergency contexts (e.g., cholera treatment centers). They may be located in urban or rural areas. Why is WASH in health care facilities so important? WASH services are fundamental to providing quality care. Without such services, health goals, especially those for reducing maternal and neonatal mortality, reducing the spread of antimicrobial resistance and preventing and containing disease outbreaks will be not met. WASH is also critical to the experience of care. Services such as functional and accessible toilets with menstrual hygiene facilities and safe drinking-water support patient and staff dignity and fulfill basic human rights. With a renewed focus on primary health care services through the Astana Declaration and a renewed focus on preventing early childhood deaths through the Every Child Alive Campaign the opportunity to address WASH in health systems strengthening has never been greater. What are the current global estimates for WASH in health care facilities? The WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) 2019 SDG baseline report establishes national, regional and global baseline estimates that contribute towards global monitoring of SDG 6, universal access to WASH. -
Menstrual Hygiene Management TOOLKIT
Menstrual Hygiene Management TOOLKIT May 2015 About SPLASH: SPLASH (Schools Promoting Learning Achievement through Sanitation and Hygiene) is a comprehensive school-based water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) project funded by USAID/Zambia through field support. SPLASH is implemented through the WASHplus project, which supports healthy households and communities by creating and delivering interventions that lead to improvements in WASH and household air pollution (HAP). This five-year project (2010-2015), funded through USAID’s Bureau for Global Health (AID-OAA-A-10-00040) and led by FHI 360 in partnership with CARE and Winrock International, uses at-scale programming approaches to reduce diarrheal diseases and acute respiratory infections, the two top killers of children under age 5 globally. Recommended Citation: SPLASH, 2015. Menstrual Hygiene Management Toolkit. Washington D.C., USA. USAID/WASHplus Project. Contact Information: Justin Lupele Sandra Callier SPLASH Chief of Party WASHplus Project Director Plot 2473 Farmers’ Village, ZNFU Complex 1825 Connecticut Avenue, NW Tiyende Pamodzi Rd, Off Nangwenya Rd Washington, DC 20009-5721 Showgrounds Areas Office tel.: 202-884-8960 P.O. Box 51439 Ridgeway [email protected] Lusaka, Zambia Cell: 0971252490 [email protected] This toolkit is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Global Health under terms of Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-10-00040. The contents are the responsibility of FHI 360, and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. May 2015 ACKNOWLEDGMENT WASHplus/SPLASH is indebted to USAID/Zambia for its financial and technical support to the SPLASH project and the Ministry of Education Science, Vocational Training and Early Education (MESVTEE), Eastern Province for supporting the development of this publication. -
TUTORIAL in BIOSTATISTICS: the Self-Controlled Case Series Method
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE Statist. Med. 2005; 0:1–31 Prepared using simauth.cls [Version: 2002/09/18 v1.11] TUTORIAL IN BIOSTATISTICS: The self-controlled case series method Heather J. Whitaker1, C. Paddy Farrington1, Bart Spiessens2 and Patrick Musonda1 1 Department of Statistics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK. 2 GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rue de l’Institut 89, B-1330 Rixensart, Belgium. SUMMARY The self-controlled case series method was developed to investigate associations between acute outcomes and transient exposures, using only data on cases, that is, on individuals who have experienced the outcome of interest. Inference is within individuals, and hence fixed covariates effects are implicitly controlled for within a proportional incidence framework. We describe the origins, assumptions, limitations, and uses of the method. The rationale for the model and the derivation of the likelihood are explained in detail using a worked example on vaccine safety. Code for fitting the model in the statistical package STATA is described. Two further vaccine safety data sets are used to illustrate a range of modelling issues and extensions of the basic model. Some brief pointers on the design of case series studies are provided. The data sets, STATA code, and further implementation details in SAS, GENSTAT and GLIM are available from an associated website. key words: case series; conditional likelihood; control; epidemiology; modelling; proportional incidence Copyright c 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 1. Introduction The self-controlled case series method, or case series method for short, provides an alternative to more established cohort or case-control methods for investigating the association between a time-varying exposure and an outcome event. -
Car Washing Poster
WHEN YOU’RE WASHING YOUR CAR IN THE DRIVEWAY, YOU’RE NOT JUST WASHING YOUR CAR IN THE DRIVEWAY. Storm drains run directly into lakes, rivers or marine waters. When you wash your car in your drive way, the soap can go down the storm drain and pollute our waters. Don’t feed soap to the storm drain. Wash your car right. Keep your waters clean. A message from the Washington Departments of Ecology, Health, Washington Parks & Recreation Commission, Washington Conservation Commission, Puget Sound Partnership, WSU Extension Service, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Thurston County Stream Team. When you’re washing We all need clean water. your car in the We drink it, fish in it, play in it. We enjoy all it adds to our lives. In fact, we need it to driveway, you’re not survive. Fish and wildlife do, too. More than 60 percent of water pollution just washing your car comes from things like cars leaking oil, fer- tilizers and pesticides from farms and gar- in the driveway. dens, failing septic tanks, pet waste, and fuel spills from recreational boaters. Clean water is important to all of us. It's up to all of us to make it hap- All these small, dispersed sources add up pen. In recent years sources of water pollution like industrial wastes to a big pollution problem. But each of us from factories have been greatly reduced. Now, most water pollution can do small things to help clean up our comes from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms and gar- waters too—and that adds up to a pollution dens, and failing septic tanks. -
“Our Hands, Our Future” Global Handwashing Day 2017 Schools Competitionour Hands Our Future – Global Handwashing Day Competition
“Our Hands, Our Future” Global Handwashing Day 2017 Schools CompetitionOur Hands Our Future – Global Handwashing Day Competition October 15 is Global Handwashing Day, a global advocacy day dedicated to increasing awareness and understanding about the importance of handwashing with soap as an effective and affordable way to prevent diseases and save lives. Global Handwashing Day is an opportunity to design, test, and replicate creative ways to encourage people to wash their hands with soap at critical times. For the third year running, United Purpose is running the world’s largest Global Handwashing Day campaign in Nigeria, a country where diarrhoeal disease is a leading cause of child mortality. Poor sanitation is the reason that 124,000 children each year don’t make their 5th birthday. But, the simple act of handwashing with soap is the most effective and affordable way to save lives, it reduces the risk of diarrhoea by 47%. To promote this message over the next few weeks we’re training thousands of children in Nigeria to become Hygiene Heroes who will be sharing these messages in their schools and wider communities. Children in Nigeria will be singing and dancing to the Wash Your Hands O song (or with lyrics here) and making “Our Hands Our Future” hand print posters to display in school. We would LOVE you to get involved and show your support and solidarity by taking part in our HandsUP for Health competition which will run until the beginning of November. Winners will be announced on World Toilet Day on the 19nd of November. Competition Guidelines 1. -
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
July 2018 About Water, Sanitation and UNICEF The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Hygiene (WASH) works in more than 190 countries and territories to put children first. UNICEF WASH and Children has helped save more Globally, 2.3 billion people lack access to basic children’s lives than sanitation services and 844 million people lack any other humanitarian organization, by providing access to clean drinking water. The lack of health care and immuni these basic necessities isn’t just inconvenient zations, safe water and — it’s lethal. sanitation, nutrition, education, emergency relief Over 800 children die every day — about 1 and more. UNICEF USA supports UNICEF’s work every 2 minutes — from diarrhea due to unsafe through fundraising, drinking water, poor sanitation, or poor advocacy and education in hygiene. Suffering and death from diseases the United States. Together, like pneumonia, trachoma, scabies, skin we are working toward the and eye infections, cholera and dysentery day when no children die from preventable causes could be prevented by scaling up access and every child has a safe to adequate water supply and sanitation and healthy childhood. facilities and eliminating open defecation. For more information, visit unicefusa.org. Ensuring access to water and sanitation in UNICEF has helped schools can also help reduce the number of increase school children who miss out on their education — enrollment in Malawi through the provision especially girls. Scaling up access to WASH of safe drinking water. also supports efforts to protect vulnerable © UNICEF/UN040976/RICH children from violence, exploitation and abuse, since women and girls bear the heaviest Today, UNICEF has WASH programs in 113 burden in water collection, often undertaking countries to promote the survival, protection long, unsafe journeys to collect water. -
Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel
Core Concepts for Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel 1 Presenter Russ Olmsted, MPH, CIC Director, Infection Prevention & Control Trinity Health, Livonia, MI Contributions by Heather M. Gilmartin, NP, PhD, CIC Denver VA Medical Center University of Colorado Laraine Washer, MD University of Michigan Health System 2 Learning Objectives • Outline the importance of effective hand hygiene for protection of healthcare personnel and patients • Describe proper hand hygiene techniques, including when various techniques should be used 3 Why is Hand Hygiene Important? • The microbes that cause healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be transmitted on the hands of healthcare personnel • Hand hygiene is one of the MOST important ways to prevent the spread of infection 1 out of every 25 patients has • Too often healthcare personnel do a healthcare-associated not clean their hands infection – In fact, missed opportunities for hand hygiene can be as high as 50% (Chassin MR, Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2015; Yanke E, Am J Infect Control, 2015; Magill SS, N Engl J Med, 2014) 4 Environmental Surfaces Can Look Clean but… • Bacteria can survive for days on patient care equipment and other surfaces like bed rails, IV pumps, etc. • It is important to use hand hygiene after touching these surfaces and at exit, even if you only touched environmental surfaces Boyce JM, Am J Infect Control, 2002; WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, WHO, 2009 5 Hands Make Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) and Other Microbes Mobile (Image from CDC, Vital Signs: MMWR, 2016) 6 When Should You Clean Your Hands? 1. Before touching a patient 2. -
National Coordinators Report
NATIONAL COORDINATORS REPORT Highlights • 2015 z About WSSCC WSSCC is at the heart of the global movement to improve sanitation and hygiene, so that all people can enjoy healthy and productive lives. Established in 1990, WSSCC is the only United Nations body devoted solely to the sanitation needs of the most vulnerable and marginalized people. In collaboration with our members in 150 countries, WSSCC advocates for the bil- lions of people worldwide who lack access to good sanitation, shares solutions that empow- er communities, and operates the GSF, which since 2008 has committed over $109 million to transform lives in developing countries. Acknowledgements WSSCC expresses its deep appreciation to the 16 National Coordinators who inspired this publication. Not only are they proud represen- tatives of WSSCC in their home countries, they are an integral part of WSSCC’s global commu- nity. The publication’s key contributors were: Primary writing/compilation Elizabeth Wamera Content development and review WSSCC National Coordinators Saskia Castelein Ceridwen Johnson David Matthews David Trouba Chris Williams Production, design and printing Stéphanie Gomez de la Torre Eileen Palmer Imprimerie Nouvelle GONNET Global Handwashing day commemoration 2015 in Kenya. ©WSSCC/Tobias Omufwoko. Front cover: Elected district mayors in Atsimo atsinanana region of Madagascar raise their hands to declare their commitment to ending open defecation after participating in a group training. ©WSSCC/Dera Akitramiranty Back cover: Celebrating Global Handwashing Day 2015 in Kenya. ©WSSCC/Tobias Omukwoko. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 02 SUMMARY ANALYSIS 03 NATIONAL COORDINATORS 05 BANGLADESH 06 BENIN 07 CAMBODIA 08 ETHIOPIA 09 INDIA 10 KENYA 11 MADAGASCAR 12 MALAWI 13 NEPAL 14 NIGER 15 NIGERIA 16 PAKISTAN 17 TANZANIA 18 TOGO 19 UGANDA 20 ZIMBABWE 21 COUNTRY ENGAGEMENT WORKSHOPS 22 CONCLUSION 24 2 NATIONAL COORDINATORS REPORT FOREWORD Chris Williams PhD EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, WSSCC It gives me great pleasure to launch a publica- Johannesburg, South Africa. -
Handwashing News
Handwashing for health and life Handwashing News JICA Handwashing for health and life campaign Newsletter No.4 November 27, 2020 Our "Handwashing News" aims to share activities of handwashing in various JICA sites, projects and cooperation areas to further expand the handwashing movement. Let's start handwashing activities, referring to the activities introduced in this newsletter! Our website also features tools you can use for handwashing activities. Handwashing for health and life website is here. (https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/thematic_issues/water/handwashing/index.html) By INOUE Kimidori Note: we skip the “Photo of this issue” for this time, but we are still looking for your handwashing photos! Please contact JICA Handwashing for health and life campaign secretariat ([email protected]). JICA Human Development Department “Project for Strengthening Routine Immunization System in Primary Health Care Settings” Handwashing activities at the vaccination site (in Pakistan) In Pakistan, the fear of COVID-19 infection has led to a decline in mass immunization rates, and the measles epidemic has become a serious problem in some areas. “The Project for Strengthening Routine Immunization System in Primary Health Care Settings” conducts awareness-raising activities on routine immunization for residents and prevention of COVID-19 infection, and provides infection prevention training for our counterpart, the immunization workers. We distribute fliers to residents who come for vaccinations, informing them of the safety of vaccinations and the importance of preventing infectious diseases. Particularly with regard to handwashing, although there are difficulties such as (1) residents in remote areas do not have access to commercially available soap, and (2) hand sanitizers containing alcohol cannot be used (related to Muslim prohibition of alcohol consumption), we encourage them to keep their hands as clean as possible. -
Clean Your Hands in the Context of Covid-19
WHO SAVE LIVES: CLEAN YOUR HANDS IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19 Hand Hygiene in the Community You can play a critical part in fighting COVID-19 • Hands have a crucial role in the transmission of COVID-19. • COVID-19 virus primarily spreads through droplet and contact transmission. Contact transmission means by touching infected people and/or contaminated objects or surfaces. Thus, your hands can spread virus to other surfaces and/or to your mouth, nose or eyes if you touch them. Why is Hand Hygiene so important in preventing infections, including COVID-19? • Hand Hygiene is one of the most effective actions you can take • Community members can play a critical role in fighting COVID-19 to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, by adopting frequent hand hygiene as part of their day-to-day including the COVID-19 virus. practices. https://www.who.int/news-room/campaigns/connecting-the-world-to-combat-coronavirus/safehands-challengeJoin the #SAFEHANDS challenge now and save lives! Post a video or picture of yourself washing your hands and tag #SAFEHANDS https://www.who.int/who-documents-detail/interim-recommendations-on-obligatory-hand-hygiene-against-transmission-of-covid-19WHO calls upon policy makers to provide • the necessary infrastructure to allow people to eectively perform hand hygiene in public places; • to support hand hygiene supplies and best practices in health care facilities. Hand Hygiene in Health Care Why is it important to participate in the WHO global hand hygiene campaign for the fight against COVID-19? • The WHO global hand hygiene campaign SAVEhttps://www.who.int/infection-prevention/campaigns/clean-hands/en/ LIVES: Clean Your Hands mobilizes people around the world to increase adherence to hand hygiene in health care facilities, thus protecting health care workers and patient from COVID-19 and other pathogens. -
Hand Hygiene Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Polish
pathogens Article Hand Hygiene Behaviors in a Representative Sample of Polish Adolescents in Regions Stratified by COVID-19 Morbidity and by Confounding Variables (PLACE-19 Study): Is There Any Association? Dominika Skolmowska 1, Dominika Gł ˛abska 1,* and Dominika Guzek 2 1 Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-22-593-71-34 Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 28 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: The hand hygiene may possibly influence the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, but the multifactorial influence on hand hygiene knowledge and behaviors is proven. The aim of the study was to analyze hand hygiene behaviors in a national representative sample of Polish adolescents in regions stratified by COVID-19 morbidity, while taking socioeconomic status of the region, as well rural or urban environment, into account as possible interfering factors. The study was conducted Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study population (n = 2323) that was recruited based on a random sampling of schools, while the pair-matching procedure was applied within schools and age, in order to obtain adequate number of boys and girls, representative for the general Polish population (n = 1222). The participants were asked about their handwashing habits while using Handwashing Habits Questionnaire (HHQ) and about applied procedure of washing hands.