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Water on Mars NASA_CR-176289 19860003814 WORKSHOP ON WATER ON MARS MECA l~BRPtRY COP'! ,'-' I I ~ "\,.. ~ 1'1 ,_ ~~ ~~-­ LPI Technical Report l~r\.:h-r~~9-t::~Ft2-' !!<iiiOiO! ;;;= LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE 3303 NASA ROAD 1 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77058-4399 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 NF00459 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIi~~I~illfllj~~1 ij~[~1111111111111111 3 1176014138193 WORKSHOP ON WATER ON MARS Edited by Stephen Clifford Sponsored by The Lunar and Planetary Institute A Lunar and Planetary Institute/MECA workshop Hosted by NASA! Ames Research Center November 30-December 1, 1984 Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road 1 Houston, Texas 77058 LPI Technical Report 85-03 Compiled in 1985 by the LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Institute is operated by Universities Space Research Association under Contract NASW-3389 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this document may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational or personal research purposes; however, republication of any portion requires the written permission of the authors as well as appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. This report may be cited as: Clifford S. (1985) Workshop on Water on Mars. LPI Tech. Rpt. 85-03. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. 105 pp. Papers in this report may be cited as: Author A. (1985) Title of paper. In Workshop on Water on Mars (S. Clifford, ed.), p. xx-yy. LPI Tech. Rpt. 85-03. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This report is distributed by: LIBRARY / INFORMATION CENTER Lunar and Planetary Institute 3303 NASA Road 1 Houston, TX 77058-4399 Mail order requestors will be invoiced for the cost of postage and handling. Contents Program 1 Summary of Technical Sessions and Discussions 5 Abstracts 7 The Present Water Cycle on Mars: Some Thermodynamic Considerations 'd. M. Anderson 9 Problems in the Paleohydrologic and Hydroclimatologic Interpretation of Valley Networks V. R. Baker 12 Mars Water-Ice Clouds P. R. Christensen and R. W. Zurek 14 Mars: Groundwater Mound Development in Response to Polar Basal Melting S. M. Clifford 17 Mars: Permeability Requirements for a Global Groundwater System Driven by Polar Basal Melting S. M. Clifford 20 Radiation-dominated Snowmelt on Mars G.O.Clow 23 Mars: Long Term Changes in the State and Distribution of H20 F. P. Fanale, J. R. Salvail, A. P. Zent, and S. E. Postawko 25 Sources and Sinks of Present Day Water Within the Martian Regolith: Evidence from a Terrestrial Analog of Martian Weathering Processes-The Dry Valleys of Antarctica E. K. Gibson, Jr. 26 Water and Ice in the Martian Regolith: Dependence of Stabilities on Regolith Mineralogy J. L. Gooding 29 On the Latitudinal Distribution of Debris in the Northem Hemisphere of Mars E. A. Guiness, C. E. Leff, and R. E. Arvidson 32 Numerical Simulation of the Current Water Cycle on Mars R. M. Haberle and T. Herdtle 35 Stability and Composition of Condensate at the Viking Lander 2 Site on Mars H. M. Hart and B. M. Jakosky 36 Mars: Mineralogical Constraints on Volatile Evolution R. L. Huguenin 38 The Seasonal Cycle of Water on Mars: A Review B. M. Jakosky 41 Mars At High Obliquity: Possible Precipitation of Ice at Low Latitudes B. M. Jakosky and M. H. Carr 42 Hydrologic Cycle on Mars: Effects 0/ CO2 Mass Flux on Global Water Distribution P. B. James 44 Obseruational Constraints on the Global·scale Wind Systems of Mars R. Kahn 45 Groundwater Sapping and Ancient Valley Networks on Mars R. C. Kochel and A. D. Howard 48 Influence of Atmospheric Dust Loading and Water Vapor Content on Settling Velocities of Martian Dust/Ice Grains: Preliminary Results S. W. Lee 51 Ground Water in the Equatorial Region of Mars: Evidence from Landslides B. K. Lucchitta 53 Cloud Properties in Past Martian Climates H. G. Marshall, J. C. G. Walker, and W. R. Kuhn 56 The Possible Role of Water in the Recession of Mars' Polar Caps L. J. Martin and P. B. James 57 Sublimation Rates Required for Steady-state Glaciers, Mars H. Moore 59 Mapping of the Water Vapor Distribution on Mars; A Microwave Spectrometer and Radiometer for MG/CO D. O. Muhleman, R. T. Clancy, F. P. Schloerb, L. Riley, and W. G. Wilson 62 Geology of Layered Deposits in the Valles Marineris S. S. Nedell and S. W. Squyres 64 The Mars Geoscience/Climatology Observer (MGCO) Mission F. D. Pallaconi and A. L. Albee 66 New GCM Simulations of Transport into the Polar Regions J. B. Pollack, R. M. Haberle, J. White, and K. Bilski 67 Controls on Precipitation of Various Iron Oxides and Hydroxides: Relevance to Mars J. Posey-Dowty, L. B. Tanenbaum, B. M. Moskowitz, D. A. Crerar, and R. B. Hargraves 68 Radar and the Detection of Liquid Water on Mars L. E. Roth, R. S. Saunders, and G. Schubert 71 The Influence of HP on Volcanic Degassing 0/ Aerosol Forming Elements S, Cl, and F M J. Rutherford and M. R. Carroll 74 Sediment-Water Deposition and Erosion in the Martian Polar Regions R. S. Saunders, T. J. Parker, J. B. Stephens, E. G. Laue, and F. P. Fanale 76 Polar Wandering on Mars and the Distribution of Water·lce Through TIme P. H. Schultz 79 Erosion of Martian Impact Basins and the Changing Water Cycle P. H. Schultz, J. Rogers, and S. Haber 82 Direct Detection of Minor Clay Mineralogy on Mars R. B. Singer, P. D. Owensby, and R. N. Clark 85 The Distribution of Ground Ice Features on Mars S. W. Squyres and M. H. Carr 88 Volatiles on Mars H. Wtinke and G. Dreibus 90 Loss of Volatiles from Mars as the Result of Energetic Impacts H. Watkins and J. S. Lewis 93 Mars Topographic Maps S.S.C. Wu 96 Mars: Effect of Water Vapor Abundance on Atmospheric Oxidation State J. H. Yatteau and M. B. McElroy 98 Short Term Water Cycles Within the Mars Regolith A. P. Zent, F. P. Fanale, and J. R. Salvail 99 Registered Attendees 103 1 Program Friday, November 30 9:30-10:30 a.m. SESSION I· CURRENT AND PAST BULK WATER CONTENT Chairmen: Heinrich WiSnke and Robert Pepin H. Wlinke and G. Dreibus Volatiles on Mars H. Watkins and J. S. Lewis Loss of Volatiles from Mars as the Result of Energetic Impacts M. J. Rutherford and M. R. Carroll The Influence of H20 on Volcanic Degassing of Aerosol Forming Elements S, Cl, and F Friday, November 30 10:30-12:00 a.m. and 1:30-4:30 p.m. SESSION n . PRESENT WATER CYCLE AND RELATED PROCESSES Chairmen: Bruce Jakosky and Robert Haberle B. M. Jakosky The Seasonal Cycle of Water on Mars: A Review L. E. Roth, R. S. Saunders, and G. Schubert Radar and the Detection of Liquid Water on Mars P. R. Christensen and R. W. Zurek Mars Water-Ice Clouds H. M. Hart and B. M. Jakosky Stability and Composition of Condensate at the Viking Lander 2 Site on Mars L. J. Martin and P. B. James The Possible Role of Water in the Recession of Mars' Polar Caps S. W. Lee Influence of Atmospheric Dust Loading and Water Vapor Content on Settling Velocities of Martian Dust/Ice Grains: Preliminary Results R. Kahn Obseruational Constraints on the Global-Scale Wind Systems of Mars P. B. James Hydrologic Cycle on Mars: Effects of CO2 Mass Flux on Global Water Distribution R. M. Haberle and T. Herdtle Numerical Simulation of the Current Water Cycle on Mars 2 J. B. Pollack, R. M. Haberle, J. White, and K. Bilski New GCM Simulations of Transport into the Polar Regions D. O. Muhleman, R. T. Clancy, F. P. Schloerb, L. Riley, and W. G. Wilson Mapping of the Water Vapor Distribution on Mars; A Microwaue Spectrometer and Radiometer for MG/CO Friday, November 30 4:30p.m. MG/CO PRESENTATION F. D. Palluconi and A. L. Albee The Mars Geoscience/Climatology Obseruer (MG/CO) Mission Saturday, December 1 8:30 a.m.-12:00 p.m. SESSION III-PAST WATER CYCLE(S) AND CLIMATE(S) Chairmen: James Pollack and Fraser Fanale A. P. Zent, F. P. Fanale, and J. R. Salvail Short Term Water Cycles Within the Mars Regolith F. P. Fanale, J. R. Salvail, A. P. Zent, and S. E. Postawko Mars: Long Term Changes in the State and Distribution of H20 B. M. Jakosky and M. H. Carr Mars at High Obliquity: Possible Precipitation of Ice at Low Latitudes J. H. Yatteau and M. B. McElroy Mars: Effect of Water Vapor Abundance on Atmospheric Oxidation State H. G. Marshall, J. C. G. Walker, and W. R. Kuhn Cloud Properties in Past Martian Climates G.D.Clow Radiation-dominated Snowmelt on Mars P. H. Schultz, J. Rogers, and S. Haber Erosion of Martian Impact Basins and the Changing Water Cycle V. R. Baker Problems in the Paleohydrologic and Hydroclimatologic Interpretation of Valley Networks R. C. Kochel and A. D. Howard Groundwater Sapping and Ancient Valley Networks on Mars H. Moore Sublimation Rates Required for Steady-state Glaciers, Mars 3 1:00-5:00 p.m. SESSION IV • WATER SOURCES AND SINKS TODAY AND IN THE PAST Chairmen: Michael Carr and Stephen Clifford R. B. Singer, P. D. Owensby, and R. N. Clark Direct Detection of Minor Clay Mineralogy on Mars J. Posey· Dowty, L. B. Tanenbaum, B. M. Moskowitz, D. A. Crerar, and R. B. Hargraves Controls on Precipitation of Various Iron Oxides and Hydroxides: Releuance to Mars J. L. Gooding Water and Ice in the Martian Regolith: Dependence of Stabilities on Regolith Mineralogy R. L. Huguenin Mars: Mineralogical Constraints on Volatile Euolution D. M. Anderson The Present Water Cycle on Mars: Some Thermodynamic Considerations R.
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