DOCSLIB.ORG

(Olivier, 1789) (Blattodea, Blaberidae) Em Condições Climatizadas De Laboratório

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Olivier, 1789) (Blattodea, Blaberidae) Em Condições Climatizadas De Laboratório 65437 Brazilian Journal of Development Ciclo Circadiano para Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier, 1789) (Blattodea, Blaberidae) em condições climatizadas de laboratório Circadian cycle for Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier, 1789) (Blattodea, Blaberidae) in laboratory conditions DOI:10.34117/bjdv6n9-103 Recebimento dos originais: 01/08/2020 Aceitação para publicação: 04/09/2020 Anna Clara Balbina Silva Mestranda em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental pela Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Instituição: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Endereço: Av. Frei Paulino, 30. Uberaba - MG, Brasil. CEP 38025-180 E-mail: [email protected] Afonso Pelli Doutor em Aquicultura pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituição: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Endereço: Av. Frei Paulino, 30. Uberaba - MG, Brasil. CEP 38025-180 E-mail: [email protected] RESUMO A evolução das baratas foi propiciada pelo seu ajuste ao meio ambiente em diversos aspectos, sendo eles anatômicos, fisiológicos e comportamentais. No decorrer do processo evolutivo alguns fatores, como o ciclo claro/escuro, tornaram-se fundamentais para o processo de adaptação. Grande parte das baratas, apresentam atividade noturna, se escondendo durante o dia em locais protegidos de luminosidade, geralmente são espaços estreitos, nos quais esses insetos se agrupam e onde realizam as posturas. Os ciclos circadianos regulam diversos processos biológicos dos seres vivos e nos permitem conhecer singularidades de cada grupo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi observar o ciclo circadiano da barata Nauphoeta cinerea. Foram utilizados três indivíduos, sendo dois marcados com corretivo líquido à base de água (New Magic®), e um desses com tinta azul e o outro sem marcação, foi mantido em uma caixa plástica, cuja tampa foi retirada e colocada um sombrite, o fundo da caixa foi dividido em quatro quadrantes numerados, com alimento e água disponível, e acompanhados por um período de 24 horas. Ao longo do estudo os resultados mostraram uma flutuação assimétrica, evidenciando maior atividade dos indivíduos no período noturno, com maiores picos de atividades em algumas horas reafirmando assim o hábito de serem insetos noturnos. Palavras-chave: Blattaria, Barata-salpicada, Barata-lagosta, Ritmo circadiano, Relógio biológico. ABSTRACT The evolution of cockroaches was brought about by its adjustment to the environment in several aspects, which are anatomical, physiological and behavioral. During the evolutionary process, some factors, such as the light / dark cycle, became fundamental for the adaptation process. Most of the cockroaches have nocturnal activity, hiding during the day in places protected from light, generally they are narrow spaces, in which these insects are grouped and where they lay. Circadian cycles regulate various biological processes of living beings and allow us to know the singularities of each group. The aim of the present study was to observe the circadian cycle of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. Three individuals were used, two marked with water-based liquid concealer (New Magic®), Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 9 , p.65437-65444, sep. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 65438 Brazilian Journal of Development and one of these with blue paint and the other without marking, was kept in a plastic box, whose lid was removed and a sombrite was placed, the The bottom of the box was divided into four numbered quadrants, with food and water available, and monitored for a period of 24 hours. Throughout the study, the results showed an asymmetrical fluctuation, showing greater activity of individuals at night, with greater peak activity in a few hours, thus reaffirming the habit of being nocturnal insects. Keywords: Blattaria, Speckled cockroach, Lobster cockroach, Circadian rhythm, Biological clock. 1 INTRODUÇÃO Blattaria é a ordem de insetos no qual as baratas são pertencentes, são encontradas nas regiões tropical e subtropical, com poucas espécies em regiões temperadas (RAFAEL et al., 2012). São julgadas como sendo um dos mais antigos, grupos de insetos descritos desde o Carbonífero Inferior, existem registros de cerca de 300 milhões de anos que confirmam a presença desse grupo (VRSANSKY et al., 2017; SENDI et al., 2017). Esses registros foram identificados pelos vestígios deixados por suas asas, no qual as nervuras de suas asas foram preservadas (LEE, 2016; EVANGELISTA et al., 2017). Todas as famílias apresentam ampla distribuição e apenas as subfamílias são restritas a certos continentes, a maioria das espécies é noturna, ativa desde o entardecer até por volta de meia noite, embora existam algumas espécies diurnas no folhiço terrestre de florestas (SNYDER et al., 2017). Para algumas espécies, o hábitat de refúgio durante o dia não é o mesmo que o hábitat utilizado para forragear durante a noite (por exemplo, espécies de Lamprobatta), que se refugiam em troncos mortos no solo e forrageiam no folhiço (SANTOS, et al., 2019). Não possuem uma importância suficiente para a agricultura, entretanto, algumas espécies são notáveis para área sanitária, (AKBARI et al., 2015) devido à sua capacidade de se adaptarem as áreas urbanas assim, ocasionando danos as indústrias alimentícias e têxteis e, ainda, sendo vetores mecânicos de doenças (ROMEIRO et al., 2015). As baratas, no geral, mostram maior atividade no período noturno, repousando e se escondendo durante o dia, em locais protegidos da luminosidade, possuindo espaços estreitos, nos quais se acomodam quase sempre em grupos e onde também realizam suas posturas (LUCAÑAS, 2018). As baratas domésticas compartilham as características comuns de serem pequenas, noturnas, rápidas, gregárias e resistentes ao ressecamento, características dentro da amplitude das variações observadas para todas as espécies (HIROKI et al., 2017; NASIRIAN et al., 2019). A espécie Nauphoeta cinerea, popularmente conhecida por barata-salpicada, pertencente à família Blaberidae, é nativa do Leste da África. Sua atual distribuição abrange as regiões tropicais do mundo, conseguiram colonizar outros continentes através de navios, incluindo América do Sul (Brasil e Estados Unidos), além do Equador (México, Cuba, Ilhas Galápagos), na Europa (Dinamarca) e Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 9 , p.65437-65444, sep. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 65439 Brazilian Journal of Development também na Ásia (Índia) (SALAZAR et al.,2018; SILVA et al., 2019). São insetos noturnos, higrófilos e termófilos. Ainda que sejam uma espécie sinantrópica, estudos não comprovaram que são vetores mecânicos de doenças para o homem (KATOH et al., 2017). Esta espécie habita áreas urbanas como jardins, mas também, podem ser encontradas em baixo da serapilheira em florestas, no seu habitat natural (MAKAYASA et al., 2018). Os adultos chegam a medir entre 25-29 mm de comprimento, apresentam a cor acinzentada matizada, e possuem as asas manchadas e não cobrem o abdômen (LIZÉE et al., 2017). Vivem aproximadamente 1 ano, com a realização de 8 ecdises em média nesse período. Apresentam metamorfose incompleta, passando pelos estágios de ovo, ninfa e adultos, com a ausência do estágio imóvel (pupa) (SANTOS, et al., 2019). A evolução das baratas foi propiciada pelo seu ajuste ao meio ambiente em diversos aspectos, sendo eles anatômicos, fisiológicos e comportamentais. No decorrer do processo evolutivo alguns fatores, como o ciclo claro/escuro, tornaram-se fundamentais para o processo de adaptação (MASUOKA et al., 2018). Ritmos circadianos ou ciclos circadianos são ritmos internos ao organismo que ajustam diferentes processos biológicos, em um intervalo de 24 horas. Através desta ritmicidade biológica, é possível conhecer a biologia de cada ser vivo (SANTOS et al., 2019). Este trabalho teve como objetivo observar à barata Nauphoeta cinerea durante um período de 24 horas com o intuito de se elucidar o seu ciclo circadiano. 2 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ecologia & Evolução Nico Nieser do Departamento de Patologia, Genética e Evolução da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro em Uberaba/MG; no dia 13 de maio de 2019. Foram utilizados três indivíduos, sendo dois marcados com corretivo líquido à base de água (New Magic®), e um desses com tinta azul, e o outro sem marcação. Estes foram adquiridos de matrizes já existentes no laboratório. O indivíduo um ficou sem marcação, o indivíduo dois foi marcado no pronoto com a cor branca e o indivíduo três marcado na parte posterior do corpo com a cor azul. O biotério apresenta condições que tenta reproduzir o habitat dos animais, com controle de fotoperíodo, 12 horas claro/escuro utilizando timer temporizador, a temperatura permanece abaixo de 26-27°C, e sem controle da umidade, foram mantidos em caixas de plástico 30 cm x 20 cm, com pouca serragem no fundo cuja tampa foi retirada e colocada um sombrite transparente, possibilitando a circulação de ar e a visualização dos indivíduos; foi passada vaselina sólida nos bordos superiores da caixa para evitar que as baratas subissem. Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 6, n. 9 , p.65437-65444, sep. 2020. ISSN 2525-8761 65440 Brazilian Journal of Development O grupo de estudo criou uma metodologia para acompanhar a atividade da espécie durante as observações. No fundo da caixa foram demarcados quatro quadrantes numerados, cada um dos quadrantes possuía um recipiente com algodão e água (Figura 1). O alimento utilizado foi ração de peixe granulada da Guabi® 33% de proteína bruta, disposta sobre a serragem. Foi realizado um registro por amostragem de tempo, quantificado a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity of Trypanosomatids in Cockroaches and the Description of Herpetomonas Tarakana Sp
    Published by the International Society of Protistologists Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ISSN 1066-5234 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diversity of Trypanosomatids in Cockroaches and the Description of Herpetomonas tarakana sp. n. Vyacheslav Yurchenkoa,b, Alexei Kostygova,c, Jolana Havlovad, Anastasiia Grybchuk-Ieremenkoa, Tereza Sev cıkovaa, Julius Lukesb,e,f, Jan Sev cıkg & Jan Votypka b,d a Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic b Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Cesk e Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic c Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia d Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic, e Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Cesk e Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic f Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontorio M5G 1Z8, Canada g Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic Keywords ABSTRACT Monoxenous Trypanosomatidae; parasites of cockroaches; taxonomy. In this study, we surveyed six species of cockroaches, two synanthropic (i.e. ecologically associated with humans) and four wild, for intestinal trypanoso- Correspondence matid infections. Only the wild cockroach species were found to be infected, V. Yurchenko, Life Science Research with flagellates of the genus Herpetomonas. Two distinct genotypes were Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho documented, one of which was described as a new species, Herpetomonas 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic tarakana sp. n. We also propose a revision of the genus Herpetomonas and Telephone number: +420 597092326; FAX creation of a new subfamily, Phytomonadinae, to include Herpetomonas, number: +420 597092382; Phytomonas, and a newly described genus Lafontella n.
    [Show full text]
  • A Parasitological Evaluation of Edible Insects and Their Role in the Transmission of Parasitic Diseases to Humans and Animals
    RESEARCH ARTICLE A parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to humans and animals 1 2 Remigiusz GaøęckiID *, Rajmund Soko ø 1 Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland, 2 Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract From 1 January 2018 came into force Regulation (EU) 2015/2238 of the European Parlia- ment and of the Council of 25 November 2015, introducing the concept of ªnovel foodsº, including insects and their parts. One of the most commonly used species of insects are: OPEN ACCESS mealworms (Tenebrio molitor), house crickets (Acheta domesticus), cockroaches (Blatto- Citation: Gaøęcki R, SokoÂø R (2019) A dea) and migratory locusts (Locusta migrans). In this context, the unfathomable issue is the parasitological evaluation of edible insects and their role in the transmission of parasitic diseases to role of edible insects in transmitting parasitic diseases that can cause significant losses in humans and animals. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219303. their breeding and may pose a threat to humans and animals. The aim of this study was to https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219303 identify and evaluate the developmental forms of parasites colonizing edible insects in Editor: Pedro L. Oliveira, Universidade Federal do household farms and pet stores in Central Europe and to determine the potential risk of par- Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL asitic infections for humans and animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Brachystola Magna) As a Potential Intermediate Host for Oxyspirura Petrowi in Northern Bobwhites (Colinus Virginianus)
    1 Plains lubber grasshopper (Brachystola magna) as a potential intermediate host for Oxyspirura petrowi in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) WHITNEY M. KISTLER1, SABRINA HOCK1, BEATRICE HERNOUT1, EVAN BRAKE1,2, NIKKI WILLIAMS1,2, CARSON DOWNING1,2, NICHOLAS R. DUNHAM1, NAVEEN KUMAR1, UDAY TURAGA1, JULIE A. PARLOS1 and RONALD J. KENDALL1* 1 Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA 2 Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA (Received 4 April 2016; accepted 12 April 2016) SUMMARY Oxyspirura petrowi is a heteroxenous parasitic nematode that has been reported in high prevalences from birds in the Order Galliformes experiencing population declines in the USA. There is a paucity of information regarding the natural history O. petrowi, including the life cycle and effects of infection on wild bird populations. In order to study the life cycle of this parasite, we collected plains lubber grasshoppers (Brachystola magna) from a field location in Mitchell County, Texas. We found third-stage larvae (L3) in 37.9% (66/174) B. magna. We determined that they were O. petrowi through morphological comparison of L3 from experimentally infected Acheta domesticus and by sequence analysis. Then, we showed that B. magna are a potential intermediate hosts for O. petrowi infections in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) in a laboratory setting by experimental infection. We first detected shedding of eggs in feces using a fecal float technique 52 days post infection. In addition, we recovered 87 O. petrowi from experimentally infected northern bobwhites. Although we detected shedding in feces, recovery of eggs was low (>5 eggs/g).
    [Show full text]
  • A1 – General Biomechanics
    84 ANIMAL ABSTRACTS A1 – GENERAL BIOMECHANICS exclusively jaw-powered suction mechanism to capture prey. Analysis of A1.1 the skeletal morphology, high-speed video recordings and computational fluid dynamics simulations show how a fast separation of its large upper Hydrodynamic analysis of suspension feeding and lower jaws creates explosive, high flow velocity suction, while the in extinct and extant crinoids (Echinodermata: viscerocranial elements mainly serve to accommodate the engulfed Crinoidea) water volume. A shift in function of the viscerocranium from its primitive, obligatory active role in powering suction to a more passive, supporting role mgiht have released the biomechanical constraints on the evolution Janina F. Dynowski (State Museum of Natural History and University of the hyobranchial system within the early tetrapod lineage, allowing of Tübingen, Germany), James H. Nebelsick (University of Tübingen, development of a muscular tongue. Germany) and Anita Roth-Nebelsick (State Museum of Natural History, Email address for correspondence: [email protected] Germany) 11:15 Friday 29th June 2012 Crinoids belong to the phylum Echinodermata, which today also includes the echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids and holothuroids. Based on their long and complete fossil record, their great diversity and their passive A1.3 suspension feeding strategy, crinoids represent ideal objects to study effective biological filter mechanisms. Biting force as a key factor for ecological Fossil representatives can differ strongly in their morphology from diversification in South American caviomorph recent forms and thus alternative feeding positions can be assumed rodents than those effective today. Recent stalked crinoids open their arms in a parabolic filtration fan, creating a three-dimensional filter to capture nutritive particles that are in the water.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthetic and Natural Insecticides: Gas, Liquid, Gel and Solid Formulations for Stored-Product and Food-Industry Pest Control
    insects Review Synthetic and Natural Insecticides: Gas, Liquid, Gel and Solid Formulations for Stored-Product and Food-Industry Pest Control Vaclav Stejskal 1,* , Tomas Vendl 1, Radek Aulicky 1 and Christos Athanassiou 2 1 Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic; [email protected] (T.V.); [email protected] (R.A.) 2 Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Greece; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-233-022-217 Simple Summary: Currently, there is great global research interest in the use of novel methods of pro- tection against agricultural, storage, and urban pests, particularly in the use of botanical substances and nontoxic materials. To ensure efficacy and safety, botanical and synthetic insecticides must be properly formulated and delivered in a species-specific way to their pest targets. The wide diversity of pests and environments—globally occurring at farms and food industry facilities—has inevitably resulted in a massive proliferation of application formulations and approaches. Although there are excellent summaries on particular aspects of the usage of synthetic and botanical pesticides, a general overview of application formulations on stored-product and food-associated pests is not currently available. This review provides an inventory of current and historical pesticide formulations. Its structure follows the traditional insecticide categorization
    [Show full text]
  • On the Evolutionary Physiology of Metabolic Allometry
    On the evolutionary physiology of metabolic allometry Julian Edward Beaman Bachelor Arts & Sciences (Honours I) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2019 School of Biological Sciences Abstract All organisms rely on metabolism – a complex system of biochemical reactions that either release or absorb energy – to sustain life. Organisms expend energy to develop, grow, survive and reproduce. The total energy expenditure of an animal, as indicated by their metabolic rate, increases as organisms get larger. Metabolic rate, however, scales disproportionately (allometrically) with body mass, such that – on a gram for gram basis – smaller organisms have a higher mass-specific metabolic rate than larger organisms. This observation has puzzled biologists for over 150 years, but progress has been made in the past few decades in explaining the origin and maintenance of metabolic allometry. The scaling relationship between mass and metabolic rate can be observed at different levels of biological organisation including over development (ontogenetic scaling), among individuals of the same developmental stage (static scaling), and among species (interspecific scaling). Importantly, there is variation in the scaling relationship between and within each of these levels and this variation has implications for the way energy flows through organisms and ecosystems, as described by metabolic theories of ecology, and for the evolution of metabolic rate and body size across the tree of life. Existing hypotheses for the variation in metabolic scaling revolve around the idea that there are universal physical constraints on the transport of metabolic inputs and outputs through circulatory networks and across tissue surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Species and Human Health ©CAB International 2018 – for Chapter 10 Authors
    ©CAB International 2018 – for chapter 10 authors. ©CAB International 2018 – for chapter 10 authors. Invasive Species and Human Health ©CAB International 2018 – for chapter 10 authors. CABI INVASIVES SERIES Invasive species are plants, animals or microorganisms not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction has threatened biodiversity, food security, health or economic development. Many ecosystems are affected by invasive species and they pose one of the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Globalization through increased trade, transport, travel and tour- ism will inevitably increase the intentional or accidental introduction of organisms to new environments, and it is widely predicted that climate change will further increase the threat posed by invasive species. To help control and mitigate the effects of invasive species, scien- tists need access to information that not only provides an overview of and background to the field, but also keeps them up to date with the latest research findings. This series addresses all topics relating to invasive species, including biosecurity surveil- lance, mapping and modelling, economics of invasive species and species interactions in plant invasions. Aimed at researchers, upper-level students and policy makers, titles in the series provide international coverage of topics related to invasive species, including both a synthesis of facts and discussions of future research perspectives and possible solutions. Titles Available 1. Invasive Alien Plants: An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent Edited by J.R. Bhatt, J.S. Singh, S.P. Singh, R.S. Tripathi and R.K. Kohli 2. Invasive Plant Ecology and Management: Linking Processes to Practice Edited by T.A. Monaco and R.L.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Message
    ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY TABLE OF CONTENTS President’s Message (Clicking on an article’s title will take you By ALEXANDRE V. LATCHININSKY to the desired page) President [email protected] [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE [2] SOCIETY NEWS ear Fellow Orthopterists, [2] Call for T.J. Cohn Grant by M. LECOQ dear friends, [3] OSF Grants Awardees by M.M. CIGLIANO First of all, I would [3] 13th ICO in Morocco by A. IDRISSI [4] Global Locust Initiative Notes from the like to wholeheartedly Field! by A. RIVERS & A. CEASE wish all of you a fruit- [6] Visit to Argentina for the South American ful and successful year Locust by D. HUNTER DD [7] Orthopterists’ Society Support for the 2018! This year promises to be a AAIS Meeting by D. HUNTER very busy one for the Society – as [8] REGIONAL REPORTS every pre-Congress year is. I am [8] Western Europe by G. LEHMANN [9] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS very pleased to share with all of you [9] Tolerance of groundhoppers’ eggs to de- the news about our next meeting. In hydration – why do females of genus Tetrix the previous months, the Organiz- search for mossy patches? by D. MUSIOLEK [11] An Attempt at Using Radio Telemetry ing Committee met several times and to Understand Leaf Masquerading Behavior significant progress in preparation in Mimetica Pictet, 1888: Considerations for th Future Projects, and Some Observations by for the 13 International Congress R. SELKING of Orthopterology has been made. [14] OSF GRANT REPORTS The dates of the Congress are set for [14] The Brazilian fauna of phalangopsid crickets (Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae): types March 24-28, 2019 in Agadir, Mo- website functional, attractive, and from the collection of the Museu de Zoolo- rocco, which means that there are resourceful.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Trypanosomatids in Cockroaches and the Description of Herpetomonas Tarakana Sp
    Published by the International Society of Protistologists Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ISSN 1066-5234 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Diversity of Trypanosomatids in Cockroaches and the Description of Herpetomonas tarakana sp. n. Vyacheslav Yurchenkoa,b, Alexei Kostygova,c, Jolana Havlovad, Anastasiia Grybchuk-Ieremenkoa, Tereza Sev cıkovaa, Julius Lukesb,e,f, Jan Sev cıkg & Jan Votypka b,d a Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic b Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Cesk e Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic c Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia d Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic, e Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Cesk e Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic f Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontorio M5G 1Z8, Canada g Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic Keywords ABSTRACT Monoxenous Trypanosomatidae; parasites of cockroaches; taxonomy. In this study, we surveyed six species of cockroaches, two synanthropic (i.e. ecologically associated with humans) and four wild, for intestinal trypanoso- Correspondence matid infections. Only the wild cockroach species were found to be infected, V. Yurchenko, Life Science Research with flagellates of the genus Herpetomonas. Two distinct genotypes were Centre, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho documented, one of which was described as a new species, Herpetomonas 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic tarakana sp. n. We also propose a revision of the genus Herpetomonas and Telephone number: +420 597092326; FAX creation of a new subfamily, Phytomonadinae, to include Herpetomonas, number: +420 597092382; Phytomonas, and a newly described genus Lafontella n.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Maternal Investment: a Quantitative Genetic Study Utilising Nutritional Geometry in the Cockroach Naupheota Cinerea
    The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Plasticity in Maternal Investment: A Quantitative Genetic Study utilising Nutritional Geometry in the Cockroach Naupheota cinerea Submitted by Joshua Vernon Charles Parry, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Masters by Research in Biological Sciences in May 2019 This thesis is available for library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that the materials in this thesis that are not my own work have been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. MbyRes Thesis 2019 Joshua Parry 1 Abstract Phenotypic plasticity is fundamental in the evolutionary process, as it allows a single genotype to display different phenotypes in response to novel environments. There is a large body of research that demonstrates the ways in which phenotypic plasticity can influence evolution, such as by permitting persistence in novel environments and revealing cryptic genetic variation, which can become genetically assimilated into a population. When plastic responses within a population differ among genotypes, a genotype by environment interaction (GxE) will exist and phenotypic plasticity will have a genetic basis of variation. This genetic basis means that plastic traits are heritable and therefore selection can target both the phenotype that plasticity produces and the plastic response itself. By better understanding the genetic basis of plasticity, the scientific community can hope to further our understanding of the evolutionary process, including how plastic traits are inherited across generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Costs of Gas Exchange by a Speckled Cockroach and a Darkling Beetle
    insects Article Water Costs of Gas Exchange by a Speckled Cockroach and a Darkling Beetle Waseem Abbas * , Philip C. Withers and Theodore A. Evans School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; [email protected] (P.C.W.); [email protected] (T.A.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 24 July 2020; Accepted: 10 September 2020; Published: 14 September 2020 Simple Summary: Evaporative water loss during metabolic gas exchange is an unavoidable cost of living for terrestrial insects. This respiratory water cost of gas exchange (the ratio of respiratory water loss to metabolic rate) is suggested to depend on several factors, such as the mode of gas exchange (convection vs. diffusion), species habitat, body size and measurement conditions. We measured this cost for a blaberid cockroach and a tenebrionid beetle using flow-through respirometry. We controlled the factors that affect respiratory water cost of gas exchange, i.e., both species are similar in their mode of gas exchange (dominantly convective), habitat (relatively moist) and body size, and were measured at the same temperature. The cockroaches showed both continuous and discontinuous gas exchange patterns, which had a significantly different metabolic rate and respiratory water loss but the same respiratory water cost of gas exchange. The darkling beetles showed a continuous gas exchange pattern only, and their metabolic rate, respiratory water loss and respiratory water cost of gas exchange were equivalent to those cockroaches using continuous gas exchange. This finding from our study highlights that the respiratory water cost of gas exchange is similar between species, regardless of the gas exchange pattern used, when the confounding factors affecting this cost are controlled.
    [Show full text]
  • President's Message
    ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY President’s Message TABLE OF CONTENTS By ALEXANDRE V. LATCHININSKY (Clicking on an article’s title will take you President to the desired page) [email protected] [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ear Society members, I hope you fellow or- [2] SOCIETY NEWS thopterists had a produc- [2] Journal of Orthoptera Research is now open access by C. BAZELET tive summer (or winter [4] New Global Locust Initiative by A. in the southern hemi- CEASE DD sphere!). I would like to [5] The 2017 ESA orthopteroid sympo- begin my message by sharing some sium draws near! by D.A. WOLLER exciting developments regarding our [6] REGIONAL REPORTS th next, 13 International Congress of [6] East Europe, North and Central Asia Orthopterology. For the first time in by M.G. SERGEEV the history of our Society, it will be [8] South Africa by A.C. THOMPSON held on the African continent. It will [11] OSF GRANT REPORTS be organized for March of 2019 in [11] Report of the grant “Photo Agadir, Morocco in collaboration documentation of types from Mladen with Ibnou Zohr University of Agadir Karaman’s collection and acoustic and and the National Center for Locust photographic documentation of the Control of Morocco. More informa- Orthoptera of Serbia” by S. IVKOVIĆ tion will be provided later. In the more information, please visit the [14] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS meantime, we invite you to explore JOR website at http://jor.pensoft.net. [14] Does host plant polyploidization the region of Agadir through two During my travels earlier this sum- promote co-divergence of a special- tourist sites whose addresses are listed mer, I happened to observe some ist orthopteran community? by T.
    [Show full text]