ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY

President’s Message TABLE OF CONTENTS By ALEXANDRE V. LATCHININSKY (Clicking on an article’s title will take you President to the desired page) [email protected] [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE ear Society members, I hope you fellow or- [2] SOCIETY NEWS thopterists had a produc- [2] Journal of Research is now open access by C. BAZELET tive summer (or winter [4] New Global Locust Initiative by A. in the southern hemi- CEASE DD sphere!). I would like to [5] The 2017 ESA orthopteroid sympo- begin my message by sharing some sium draws near! by D.A. WOLLER exciting developments regarding our [6] REGIONAL REPORTS th next, 13 International Congress of [6] East Europe, North and Central Asia Orthopterology. For the first time in by M.G. SERGEEV the history of our Society, it will be [8] by A.C. THOMPSON held on the African continent. It will [11] OSF GRANT REPORTS be organized for March of 2019 in [11] Report of the grant “Photo Agadir, Morocco in collaboration documentation of types from Mladen with Ibnou Zohr University of Agadir Karaman’s collection and acoustic and and the National Center for Locust photographic documentation of the Control of Morocco. More informa- Orthoptera of Serbia” by S. IVKOVIĆ tion will be provided later. In the more information, please visit the [14] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS meantime, we invite you to explore JOR website at http://jor.pensoft.net. [14] Does host plant polyploidization the region of Agadir through two During my travels earlier this sum- promote co-divergence of a special- tourist sites whose addresses are listed mer, I happened to observe some ist orthopteran community? by T. O’CONNOR below (and you can practice your unprecedented densities of locusts French! ☺): in Southern Russia. In particular, [17] CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES https://www.officetourismemaroc. the swarms of the Moroccan locust [17] The resurgence of the South com/ville/tourisme-maroc-ville- Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg, American locust ( cancel- 1815), which devastated crops in the lata) by H.E. MEDINA, A.J. CEASE & E.V. Agadir.html TRUMPER http://www.visitmorocco.com/fr/ regions near the Caspian Sea. The [22] Type diversity of agadir-taghazout government in those areas declared a III: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Natura- Several weeks ago, I was very state of emergency. Interestingly, al- les, Madrid, Spain by R. MARIÑO-PÉREZ pleased to find a brand-new issue of though typically the Moroccan locust [24] The Lubber Within by DEREK A. WOLLER our Journal of Orthoptera Research inhabits foothills between 800 and 26(1) in my mailbox. This is the first 1200 m of altitude, some of the locust [25] EDITORIAL issue published with Pensoft Publish- concentrations occurred in very low ers, and it looks really great with 9 areas, actually below sea level. A very articles and lots of color illustrations. unusual twist of the Moroccan locust Many thanks to our JOR editor, Dr. ecology! Corey Bazelet and her assistant, Wishing all of the Society members Nancy Morris, for their tireless work the best, during the transition to Pensoft. For Alex Latchininsky

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 1 METALEPTEA Journal of Orthoptera Research is now open access By CORINNA BAZELET JOR Editor Stellenbosch University, [email protected] hese are exciting times at the Journal of Orthop- tera Research (JOR). JOR now has a new, attractive website, online TT submission system, and publication model, all of which will hopefully help to successfully transi- tion JOR into the new era of techno- logically advanced online publica- tions. As of 1st of May, 2017, the Orthop- terists’ Society has signed a publica- tion agreement with Pensoft and JOR can now be found at its new online home at: https://jor.pensoft.net. This transition brings with it some exciting changes: 1. JOR is now Open Access, which means that any member of the public can freely download articles, increasing JOR’s acces- sibility to a wider audience. a. From 2017 onwards, articles can be downloaded at Pensoft: https://jor.pensoft.net. b. Issues published between 2001-2016 are now available via Open Access on BioOne: http://www.bioone.org/loi/ orth. c. Older content (1992-2000) is still available at JSTOR with a subscription or for a fee per download: https://www.jstor. 5. JOR has a new logo adapted from submit a manuscript, please keep in org/journal/jorthrese. the logos of the Orthopterists’ mind that the referencing style has 2. For members of the Orthopter- Society and the Orthoptera Spe- changed slightly in keeping with Pen- ists’ Society, publication in JOR cies File. soft’s requirements. Please be sure to is free of charge. 6. Articles are available in three for- read through the author guidelines for 3. Articles appear online as soon as mats – HTML, XML, and PDF. any changes. they are accepted for publication 7. You can follow JOR on Twitter @ For the traditionalists, not ev- instead of twice per year. OrthopteraR and on Facebook. erything has changed at JOR. Two 4. Online submission and review are JOR’s June 2017 issue (Volume 26 issues will still be printed annually, managed through Pensoft’s state- Issue 1) is already online and acces- in June and in December, and hard of-the-art ARPHA system, which sible to all. I urge you to check out copies will be sent to all subscribers is user-friendly and intuitive. the new format and to submit your who would like to receive them. The manuscripts! If you are planning to Pensoft team and Ms. Nancy Morris, Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 2 METALEPTEA

New website of JOR Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 3 METALEPTEA JOR’s editorial assistant, have done integrated. For the June 2018 issue tors, and the team at Pensoft, who all an excellent job working to keep the (Volume 27 Issue 1), I am working worked very hard to make this transi- formatting and layout of articles as with Dr. Tim Gardiner to co-edit a tion as smooth as possible. Thanks, close as possible to their original ap- special issue entitled “Orthoptera also, to all members of the Orthopter- pearance, while making provisions for Response to Grazing”. If anyone is ists’ Society for your ongoing and Pensoft’s requirements. There is still a interested in submitting an article for invaluable support of JOR. I sincerely fee for the printing of colour images, this special issue, it is not too late! hope that all of these changes will although colour images are displayed Soon, I hope to begin the application greatly enhance the publication ex- online at no cost. process for a Thompson Reuter’s Im- perience for JOR authors, reviewers, While we have made great progress pact Factor and I promise to keep you editors and readers. As always, you so far, a few more exciting changes posted on the progress. are welcome to contact me anytime are still in store: Prof. Maria Marta Finally, huge thanks is owed to the with suggestions for improvement. Cigliano is working with Pensoft to Orthopterists’ Society board members, ensure that OSF and JOR are fully Nancy Morris, JOR’s section edi- New Global Locust Initiative By ARIANNE CEASE Founding Director, GLI Arizona State University, USA [email protected] rizona State Univer- best opportunities for GLI to sity is supporting the Launch Event pursue, and 2) identify existing development of a new Please save the date for our formal policies and institutional frame- Global Locust Initia- launch event in sunny Arizona! April works associated with locust and tive (GLI) and we want 5-7, 2018, Arizona State Univer- grasshopper research and man- AA you to be a part of it! sity, Tempe campus. This event will agement. From these discussions, GLI’s mission is to enable innovative provide attendees an opportunity to we will draft a scholarly review locust and grasshopper research, and meet and network with a diverse set comparing the structure and func- management to improve the well- of global stakeholders, share their tion of these organizations and being of local farming communities research through talks and posters, institutions. We will also draft a and sustainability of the global food engage early with an up and coming policy brief directed towards in- system. The GLI promotes interdisci- initiative, and help shape the objec- fluencers in the U.S.-based policy plinary and cross-sectoral approaches tives and direction of GLI. We hope realm. Both products will then be and will work through three pillars: participants will include individuals used as a foundation to generate advancing fundamental research, with expertise or interest in grass- policy briefs for other countries creating and maintaining a global hoppers and locusts, transboundary and regions. network, and developing local solu- pest issues, IPM, landscape-level • Sunday: tions to the global challenge of locust processes, working at the community- - Optional activity to explore Ari- plagues. level, food security, sustainable food zona, based on participant interest systems, and/or cross-sectoral initia- Entomological Society of America tives. For questions or to indicate your We are hosting a happy hour on interest in participating these events, Tuesday, November 7, 2107, 5:30 – • Thursday: please contact Dr. Arianne Cease, 6:30 PM, Meeting Room 608, Colo- - morning: public outreach events Founding Director ([email protected]), rado Convention Center. We will use including tours of our collabora- or Dr. Ariel Rivers, Program Manager this open forum to generate ideas for tive locust research facilities ([email protected]) for the Global future events, activities, and work- - afternoon: formal launch and Locust Initiative. shops hosted by GLI. Everyone is introduction of GLI welcome! • Friday-Saturday: - Participant talks and poster ses- sion - Focused workshops to 1) discuss ongoing projects and decide on

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 4 METALEPTEA The 2017 ESA orthopteroid symposium draws near! By DEREK A. WOLLER USDA: APHIS, PPQ CPHST-Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA [email protected] ellow Society members, tion at a near-by restaurant (location Linking land use and the nutritional the annual Entomologi- to be determined) that all attendees ecology of locusts: The case of the cal Society of America are welcome to join, so please stay Senegalese locust (Oedaleus sen- (ESA) conference is tuned for that announcement after the egalensis) approaching swiftly and symposium. FF will be held this year We truly hope that everyone who Bert Foquet ([email protected]) in Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. from No- comes to this year’s ESA meeting will and Hojun Song, Texas A&M Uni- vember 5-8: http://www.entsoc.org/ also be able to attend at least a portion versity, College Station, TX events/annual-meeting. I am pleased of the symposium. Audience size goes Start Time: 2:05 PM to once again announce that I am a long way in convincing conference Revealing the molecular architec- co-hosting the fourth symposium in a organizers to continue to shine the ture of locust phase polyphenism row at ESA to feature orthopteroids. spotlight on Orthoptera and its related using RNAi on the Central-Ameri- This time around, my co-host is Tyler orders and, so far, we have done well can locust (Schistocerca piceifrons) Raszick, a fellow graduate student with that. If anyone else is interested and non-swarming relatives from Texas A&M University who also in running a similar symposium at a helped organize the inaugural ESA or- conference of their choice and would Shiala Naranjo (smorales20@knights. thopteroid symposium, and the title is like advice, or if you have any ques- ucf.edu) and Hsin-Hsiung Huang, “Orthopteroids: Innovative Organ- tions prior to the event, feel free to University of Central Florida, Or- isms to Ignite and Inspire Scientific contact me. If you can only make it to lando, FL Research and Communication”. the after-event, that’d be wonderful Start Time: 2:20 PM The name reflects ESA’s 2017 theme as well as they serve as great oppor- Differences and similarities be- and the fact that that we have 13 tunities to network with your fellow tween Dictyoptera mitochondrial speakers (a good mix of seasoned orthopterists. genomes researchers, newly minted Ph.D.’s, and students) from four countries and The symposium’s schedule is as Oscar Salomon Sanabria-Urban1 three continents speaking on a wide follows: ([email protected]. variety of subjects. mx), Hojun Song2, Ken Oyama3, and If you’ll be attending the meeting Tyler Raszick ([email protected]), Raul Cueva del Castillo1; 1Universi- this year, we encourage you to stop by Texas A&M University, College Sta- dad Nacional Autónoma de México, and support your fellow orthopteroid tion, TX Tlalnepantla, Mexico, 2Texas A&M researchers by finding out more about Start Time: 1:30 PM University, College Station, TX, the neat things they’re working on. An introduction to orthopteroids 3CIECO - UNAM, Morelia, Mexico The symposium will be held on Tues- Start Time: 2:35 PM 1 day, November 7th from 1:30 to 5:15 Derek A. Woller ([email protected]) Diversification patterns in neotropi- 2 1 PM in the Denver Convention Center, and Hojun Song ; USDA: APHIS, cal grasshoppers: The case of the Meeting Room 505 (subject to change PPQ, CPHST Phoenix Lab, Phoenix, genus Sphenarium (Orthoptera: 2 – please check the official schedule AZ and Texas A&M University, Col- Pyrgomorphidea) on Tuesday: https://tinyurl.com/ lege Station, TX y8k3h98e). The event will consist of a Start Time: 1:35 PM Akira Wong Sato (ws.akira@gmail. short introduction to orthopteroids, 11 An evolutionary retrospective of com) and Makoto Kato, Kyoto Uni- invited talks (15 minutes each) cover- the Puer group (Or- versity, Kyoto, Japan ing a number of fascinating topics, thoptera: ) Start Time: 2:50 PM and a 30 minute keynote presentation A novel Plecoptera–angiosperm to top it all off given by our esteemed Marion Le Gall (marionlegall314@ interaction: Flower visits, direct Editor, Hojun Song. The current plan gmail.com) and Arianne Cease, Ari- pollen feeding, and pollination by a is to also have an after-event celebra- zona State University, Tempe, AZ stonefly Start Time: 1:50 PM Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 5 METALEPTEA Janice Edgerly-Rooks (jedgerly- Dustin Krompetz (dustin.krompetz@ Cigliano1; 1Universidad Nacional de [email protected]), Brody Sandel, m3cg.us), Michael Milam, and Na- La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argen- Isabel Regoli, and Onyekachi Okolo, than Moses-Gonzales, M3 Consult- tina, 2Universidad de Buenos Aires, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, ing Group, Dayton, OH CONICET, Buenos Aires, , CA Start Time: 3:50 PM 3Universidad de Buenos Aires, Start Time: 3:05 PM Survey of rangeland using remote CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Silk spinning motifs of the Embiop- sensing tools to assess forage saved 4Texas A&M University, College Sta- tera: Insights from musicology tion, TX Mark Janowiecki (janowiecki@tamu. Start Time: 4:20 PM *BREAK: 3:20 - 3:35 PM edu) and Edward Vargo, Texas A&M Insights into the evolutionary his- University, College Station, TX tory of the neotropical Romaleinae Alexandre Latchininsky (latchini@ Start Time: 4:05 PM (Acridoidea, Orthoptera) uwyo.edu), University of Wyoming, Territoriality in Reticulitermes: In- Laramie, WY sights from field and lab studies Hojun Song ([email protected]), Start Time: 3:35 PM Texas A&M University, College Sta- Locust and grasshopper manage- Martina Pocco (martinapocco@ tion, TX ment worldwide: A challenge that fcnym.unlp.edu.ar)1, Noelia Start Time: 4:35 PM inspires Guzmán2, Viviana Confalonieri3, The future of orthopteran system- Hojun Song4, and Maria Marta atics

Regional Reports - What’s happening around the world? East Europe North and Central Asia

By MICHAEL G. SERGEEV Novosibirsk State University Institute of Systematics and Ecology of RUSSIA [email protected]

2nd Eurasian Orthopterological Symposium

The 2nd Eurasian Orthopterological Symposium was organized as a kind of satellite meeting during the 15th Attendees of the 2nd Eurasian Orthopterological Symposium. (Photo credit: M. G. Sergeev) Congress of Russian Entomological Society. The Congress was held in The Orthopterological Symposium vibrational communication in Novosibirsk in 2017 (July 31–August included a number of presentations: Orthoptera 7) and the Symposium was during • Storozhenko, S.Yu. (Russia, • Sergeev, M.G. Transformation August 2–3. The Congress was hosted Vladivostok) Orthoptera of the of orthopteran assemblages in by Novosibirsk State University and Pacific regions of Russia and the rangelands of extra-tropical the Institute of Systematics and Ecol- adjacent countries. Eurasia. ogy of Animals. • Sergeev, M.G. (Russia, Novosi- • Terskov, E.N. (Russia, Rostov- Several hundreds of Russian ento- birsk), S.Yu. Storozhenko, A.A. na-Donu) Notes on the fauna of mologists and several dozens of their Benediktov (Russia, Moscow), grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acridi- colleagues from different countries N.S. Baturina (Novosibirsk) and dae) of the Taman Peninsula. attended the Congress. Orthopterists V.V. Molodtsov (Novosibirsk) • Vedenina, V.Yu. (Russia, Mos- from different parts of Russia, from Orthopterodea of Tuva: Diversity cow) Acoustic signals and mor- Moscow to Vladivostok, were able to and general distribution patterns. phology of two subspecies of meet during the Congress. • Benediktov, A.A. Mixed sound- eurasius Zubovsky

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 6 METALEPTEA (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Gompho- rididae grasshoppers (Orthoptera: cerinae): Evidence of belonging Acridoidea). to different species. • Bugrov, A.G. (Novosibirsk), I.E. • Ermakova, Yu.V. (Russia, Ya- Jetybaev (Novosibirsk), O.G. kutsk) Orthopteran communities Buleu (Novosibirsk) and N.B. in the steppe landscapes of Cen- Rubtsov (Novosibirsk) The trans- tral Yakutia. location model of the sex chro- • Sevastyanov, N.S. (Russia, Mos- mosomes evolution in the Pamph- cow) and V.Yu. Vedenina. Study agidae (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) of mating strategies in some grasshoppers. grasshopper species (Orthoptera: • Zaika, V.V. (Russia, Kyzyl) Acrididae: ) Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Us • Popova, K.V. (Russia, Novosi- River Basin, the Western Sayan birsk) Peculiarities of long-term Mts. population dynamics of blister beetles (Meloidae) and grasshop- During the Symposium and in- pers (Acridoidea) in the Kulunda formal meetings, orthopterists were Steppe. able to discuss some actual problems • Latchininsky, A.V. (USA, Lara- and develop some ideas concerning mie) and M.G. Sergeev. The Ital- cooperation between different groups ian locust — Calliptamus italicus of researchers. L. (Orthoptera): A quarter of a Unfortunately, some orthopterists, century after. including scientists from Pakistan, Zichya baranovi (Bey-Bienko) in the southern • Lednev, G.R. (Russia, S.- Tajkistan, and Uzbekistan, were un- part of Tuva (South Siberia) (Photo credit: M. Petersburg), M.V. Levchenko able to visit the Congress. However, G. Sergeev) (S.-Petersburg), A.M. Uspanov the abstracts of their presentations (Kazakhstan, Almaty), O.N. Yaro- were published. slavtseva (Russia, Novosibirsk) and V.Yu. Kryukov (Novosibirsk) Field studies of Orthopteroidea Influence of acridid (Orthoptera) spatial distribution on their sus- Several field studies of ecology, ceptibility to entomopathogenic distribution, and diversity of the fungus Beauveria bassiana s.l. orthopteroid continued dur- • Efremova, O.V. (Russia, Novosi- ing the summer season of 2017. Two birsk) Katydids and crickets (Or- special trips were organized to Tuva Dasyhippus barbipes (Fischer de Waldheim) in thoptera: ) in the forest- (Tyva Republic) in the mountains the central part of Tuva (South Siberia) (Photo credit: M. G. Sergeev) steppes of right-bank Priob’e. of South Siberia under an umbrella of the Russian Foundation for Basic Some studies of orthopteran diver- Some presentations concerning Research. In June, the central part of sity continued in the central part of different groups of Orthopteroidea the region was studied. Grasshoppers the Kulunda steppe in South Siberia, were done during other sessions of the were very abundant in many local near the boundary with Kazakhstan, Congress: grasslands and meadows. One of the and in the Altay Mts. Distribution of • Gusachenko, A.M. (Russia, main species was Dasyhippus barbi- stoneflies was studied in the moun- Novosibirsk), O.S. Kornienko pes (F.d.W.). Its range is limited by tains of South Siberia, mainly in some (Noovosibirsk), A.A. Torgasheva the steppes and semi-deserts of South streams of Salair Ridge. The inter- (Novosibirsk) and L.V. Vysots- Siberia and Mongolia. In July, a short national teams of orthopterists also kaya (Novosibirsk) Meiosis in the trip was organized to the southern part continued some ecological studies of speckled cockroach Nauphoeta of Tuva. Some dense populations of the Migratory and Moroccan locusts cinerea (Olivier) (): Zichya baranovi (B.-Bien.) from the in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Out- Close to locusts of Drosophyla? very specific Tettigoniid , breaks of the Migratory, Italian, and • Sukhih, I.S. (Russia, Novosi- namely Zichyinae, were found over Moroccan locusts continued in the birsk), A.G. Blinov (Novosibirsk) the dunes of the Ubsunorskaya Kot- different semi-arid and arid regions of and A.G. Bugrov (Novosibirks) lovina Biosphere Reserve (Uvs Nuur the former USSR. Molecular phylogeny of the Ac- Basin Reserve). Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 7 METALEPTEA South Africa used to identify the species present at three zones of the biosphere reserve a site without needing to see or catch (Fig. 2). By AILEEN C. THOMPSON the individuals. This, therefore, al- Due to the structuring of the bio- Department of Conservation lows the observer to gather traditional sphere reserves, the KBR is split into Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University, SOUTH AFRICA ecological data (species richness, three areas of varying degrees of [email protected] etc.) through acoustic means without human activity. The core is natural disturbing the animals in their natural habitat wherein no form of human ac- Eavesdropping in on a Biosphere habitat. tivity can occur except for conserva- Reserve South Africa is a megadiverse coun- tion, eco-tourism, and research, while try and home to three the buffer zone is intended to protect , or katydids, should hotspots: the Cape Floristic Region the core zone from the highly utilised need very little by way of introduc- (CFR), the Succulent Karoo, and transition zone in which agricultural tion. But while trying to eavesdrop Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany. As activities and urban settlements may on their conversations in the fynbos with all biodiversity hotspots, these be found. biome of South Africa, the main three are not immune to the threats In to determine how the questions I was asked by curious land posed by habitat loss and fragmenta- katydid community responds to these owners were, firstly, what a katydid tion due to urbanisation and agricul- zones, sites were selected across all is (insert shocked face here) and, tural practices. These effects are likely three zones, 10 in the core and 8 in secondly, why I felt the need to go to be compounded with the effects of both the buffer and transition zones. “bundu-bashing” (walking off any climate change already being expe- It may appear (Fig. 2) as if the sites forged trails into the native vegeta- rienced. The Kogelberg Biosphere were clumped, but they were chosen tion) at night in order to find these (KBR), the first in South Africa situ- due to the accessibility and safety at enigmatic animals. ated near to Cape Town in the CFR, each site as fieldwork was mainly The answers to these questions are is a proven hotspot of floral diversity conducted at night. Where sites were surprisingly simple. Katydids, the in this already abundant hotspot. The closely situated, 300 meters separated world over, are a charismatic and KBR offers a unique opportunity each one, ensuring the independence highly diverse group of insects (Fig. to investigate how the acoustically of the samples. In order to sample 1) and are found in a wide range of communicating katydid community the katydids at each site, song meters habitat types, from the forests of responds to the changing gradient of (Fig. 3) were deployed for 2 nights at India to an isolated cave system in the habitat quality that occurs across the each site and recordings of 3 minutes Cederberg, South Africa. All the South African katydid species have been assessed in accordance to their threat statuses, dis- tribution, and life history traits, and, so, the Katydid Biotic Index (KBI) came to be. By calculating the combined scores for the local katydid assemblage it is possible to calculate the KBI for the site and for this score to serve as a proxy for habitat quality. Simply put, the higher the score the better the habitat quality. Not only are katydids pretty and likely indica- tors of habitat quality, but, as most of you know, the Figure 1. A selection of some katydid species found within the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve. A. Ceresia sp. 1; B. males produce species- melanoptera; C. Brinckiella wilsoni specific calls that can be

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 8 METALEPTEA

Figure 2. Map of the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve as well as photographic examples of the three zones: A. Core, B. Buffer and C. Transition Zones. were made every half an hour be- specimens and calls tween 20h00 and 23h00 each evening to accurately identify of sampling. the species in the Five sampling periods were identi- recordings. As no fied: September and November of katydid species were 2015 as well as January, February, sampled during the and April of 2016. This was done to September period, ensure that all emergence peaks of the this was excluded katydids were sampled. As well as the from further analy- song meters, nocturnal spot counts ses. In order to deter- and active searches were conducted mine whether or not once for each sampling period at the katydid assem- each site in order to collect voucher blages were respond- ing to the zones of the biosphere reserve or the quality of the habitat at each site, vegetation surveys were conducted at each site as well as a richness at each site, it was found that questionnaire filled in that enabled the the session of field work did not have quality of the habitat at each site to be a significant effect on the species rich- determined. ness or abundances. Yet, similar pat- Overall, only eight species of terns were observed in both instances, katydids were identified within the a peak during the warmest summer KBR, in contrast to the estimated 30 months, November to January, which species. Even with this low number is to be expected with katydid species. of species found, half of the species Futhermore, there were no significant identified are endemic to the CFR: differences between the abundances Megalotheca montana, Brinckiella or species richness across the zones of wilsoni, and two Ceresia species. the biosphere reserve, but a significant While running generalised linear difference did exist between the habi- mixed effects models (GLMMs) (Fig. Figure 3. Song meter deployed at a site. tat quality of the transition zone and 4) on the abundances and species that of the buffer and core zones. The Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 9 METALEPTEA

Figure 4. Box plots of species richness + abundances across season and zones GLMM also found that the habitat quality, which quality had a significant effect on both contradicts the the abundance and species richness. findings of the Even though GLMM’s run on the GLMM, but as it abundances of the three most abun- takes more things dant species within the KBR found in to consideration no association between the individual it is therefore a species and plant structural classes more accurate or habitat quality, it was still decided reflection of what the KBI scores for the sites would is happening out in be calculated (Fig. 5). Since the KBI the KBR. This is scoring system takes into account the only the beginning intrinsic value of the different spe- of establishing an cies and does not just resolve them acoustic monitor- down to species richness or abun- ing technique for dances, more information regard- habitat quality in Figure 5. Distribution maps across the KBR of the various species and their abundances, the KBI values, and, lastly, the KBI values taking into ing the individual’s responses to the South Africa, but account the abundances of the katydids. environment in which they live will due to the low be preserved. In order to do this, the species diversity has been recently published (see species were assigned their individual found within the CFR and the KBR, it below) and shall soon be followed by KBI scores and, where only the genus is likely to be a more habitat-specific the second and third data chapters that of the individual was known, the method and needs to be tested in habi- are still in preparation. nearest relatives’ score was assigned. tats more traditional to katydids, such By including the abundances at which as forests. Perhaps katydids within Thompson AC, Bazelet CS, Naskrecki P, Samways MJ (2017) Adapting the Drag- the individual species were observed the CFR are not as well-adapted to onfly Biotic Index to a katydid (Tettigo- at each site, rather than just using the the local conditions as was previ- niidae) rapid assessment technique: presence of the species, the differ- ously thought, so further work is still case study of a biodiversity hotspot, ences in scores were more notable. required to fully understand these the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. When the intrinsic value of the fascinating insects. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26(1): individual species is maintained, it This is only a brief summary of the 63–71. https://doi.org/10.3897/ appears as if the katydid assemblage work conducted for the completion of jor.26.14552. responds more to the zones of the my Masters of conservation received biosphere reserves than the habitat in March of 2017. The first chapter

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 10 METALEPTEA Orthoptera Species File Grant Reports Report of the grant “Photo documentation of types from Mladen Karaman’s collection and acoustic and photographic documentation of the Orthoptera of Serbia” By SLOBODAN IVKOVIĆ University of Belgrade, SERBIA [email protected] n 2016, with help of an OSF (Orthoptera Species File) grant, we organized several surveys in Serbia and one in Macedonia. As many Orthop- II tera records from Serbia are at least 40 years old, our research funded by OSF has provided (and will continue to provide) many new observations and useful data, as well as song recordings and species habitus photos. During field trips, my colleague, Laslo Horvat, and I have collected new, valuable data about species distribution in Serbia, which shows that this country is still poorly investigated. Metrioptera brachyptera (Linnaeus, 1761) and Sphingonotus caerulans (Linnaeus, 1767) were observed for the first time in 45 years. Another interesting record is Meco- nema meridionale Costa, 1860, which was recently discovered in Serbia (Pavićević & Ivković, 2015) and this represents the third locality. Besides that, Montana medvedevi (Miram, 1927), a rare bush cricket species, was collected and its song was recorded and described for the first time. The song description and new information about its morphology were recently published in Zootaxa (Ivković et al., 2017). One more paper about Orthop- tera fauna on Jadovnik Mt. has been accepted and will be published at the end of the year (Turkish Journal of Zoology), while another paper about Figures 1-8. 1. Metrioptera brachyptera (Linnaeus, 1761); 2. Sphingonotus caerulans (Linnaeus, Orthoptera of Stara Planina Mt. is in 1767); 3. meridionale Costa, 1860; 4. Pyrgomorphula serbica (Pančić, 1882); 5. preparation. Besides this, I have col- Zeuneriana amplipennis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882); 6.Galvagniella albanica (Mistshenko, lected valuable material for my PhD 1952); 7. Isophya speciosa (Frivaldszky, 1868); 8. Ovaliptila willemsei (Karaman, 1975), holotype. dissertation, which will be processed within the next 2 years. The field trip to Macedonia was partly unsuccessful as our aim was to collect members of Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 11 METALEPTEA Table 1. Uploaded photos and sound recordings of species collected during our field trips.

Species male female song Isophya speciosa (Frivaldsky, 1867) + + + Isophya bureschi Peshev, 1959 + + + Isophya modestior Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 + + + Isophya costata Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 + + + Isophya obtusa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 + Isophya clara Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 + + + Barbitistes serricauda (Fabricius, 1794) + + + Barbitistes yersini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 + + + Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) + + + Metaplastes ornatus (Ramme, 1931) + + Andreiniimon nuptialis (Karny, 1918) + Leptophyes discoidalis (Frivaldsky, 1867) + Poecilimon affinis dinaricus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 + + + Poecilimon pseudoornatus Ingrisch & Pavićević, 2010 + + + Poecilimon schmidtii (Fieber, 1853) + + + Poecilimon gracilis (Fieber, 1853) + + + Poecilimon thoracicus (Fieber, 1853) + + Poecilimon fussii Fieber, 1878 + + Poecilimon brunneri (Frivaldsky, 1867) + Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, 1825) + + + (De Geer, 1773) + + Meconema meridionale Costa, 1860 + (Conocephalus) hastatus (Charpentier, 1825) + + + Conocephalus (Anisoptera) dorsalis (Latreille, 1804) + + + Tettigonia caudata (Charpentier, 1842) + + + affinis Fieber, 1853 + + + Platycleis grisea (Fabricius, 1781) + Montana macedonica (Berland & Chopard, 1922) + + + Tessellana veyseli (Koçak, 1984) + Metrioptera brachyptera (Linnaeus, 1761) + + Metroptera tsirojanni Harz & Pfau, 1983 + + bicolor (Philippi, 1830) + + Broughtonia domogledi (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) + + Broughtonia arnoldi (Ramme, 1933) + + Vichetia oblongicollis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) + + + roeselii (Hagenbach, 1822) + Zeuneriana amplipennis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882) + + aptera aptera (Fabricius, 1793) + + Pholidoptera aptera karnyi Ebner, 1908 + + Pholidoptera littoralis similis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) + + + Pholidoptera transsylvanica (Fischer, 1853) + Pholidoptera frivaldszkyi (Herman, 1871) + Pholidoptera fallax (Fischer, 1853) + + + Eupholidoptera schmidti (Fieber, 1861) + + +

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 12 METALEPTEA Table 1 (cont’d). Uploaded photos and sound recordings of species collected during our field trips.

Species male female song Psorodonotus fieberi (Frivaldsky, 1853) + Psorodonotus macedonicus Ramme, 1931 + + Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) + + + Rhacocleis germanica (Herrich-Schäffer, 1840) + + Gampsocleis glabra (Herbst, 1786) + + Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771) + Ephippiger ephippiger (Fiebig, 1784) + + Bradyporus dasypus (Illiger, 1800) + + + Gryllotalpa stepposa Zhantiev, 1991 + Melanogryllus desertus (Pallas, 1771) + + Modicogryllus truncatus (Tarbinsky, 1940) + Pteronemobius heydenii (Fischer, 1853) + + Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) + Tetrix tenuicornis (Sahlberg, 1891) + + Xya pfaendleri Harz, 1970 + Pyrgomorphula serbica Pančić, 1882 + + Podisma pedestris (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Galvagniella albanica (Mishchenko, 1952) + + Micropodisma salamandra (Fischer, 1853) + + Pseudopodisma fieberi (Scudder, 1897) + + Odontopodisma decipiens Ramme, 1951 + + Odontopodisma montana Kis, 1962 + + Paracaloptenus caloptenoides (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861) + + Psophus stridulus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Oedaleus decorus (Germar, 1825) + + Oedipoda caerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Sphingonotus caerulans (Linnaeus, 1767) + Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius, 1781) + Stethophyma grossum (Linnaeus, 1758) + Chrysochraon dispar (Germar, 1834) + (Ocskay, 1826) + + Dociostaurus (Kazakia) brevicollis (Eversmann, 1848) + + Omocestus rufipes (Zetterstedt, 1821) + + Omocestus viridulus (Linnaeus, 1758) + Stenobothrus crassipes (Charpentier, 1825) + + Stenobothrus lineatus (Panzer, 1796) + Stenobothrus nigromaculatus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1840) + Stenobothrus rubicundulus Kruseman & Jeekel, 1967 + + Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunberg, 1815) + + Stauroderus scalaris (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) + + Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) bornhalmi Harz, 1971 + - Chorthippus (Chorthippus) oschei pusztaensis Vedenina & Helversen, 2009 + + Chorthippus (Chorthippus) dichrous (Eversmann, 1859) + + declivus (Brisout de Barneville, 1848) +

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 13 METALEPTEA Table 2. Photos of type specimens from Mladen Kara- the Poecilimon 1878) and Bradyporus dasypus (Il- man’s collection (now ZZDBE) uploaded to OSF. genus described liger, 1800). We will continue our by Mladen Kara- research and hope that in the future Bradyporus macrogaster skopjensis Karaman, 1961 man, but we were we will be able to continue to provide Poecilimon vodnensis Karaman, 1958 only able to find more information that will be usable Poecilimon ebneri peristericus Karaman, 1961 a single female. to us and to other experts for better Poecilimon affinis hajlensis Karaman, 1974 Luckily, we col- understanding Orthoptera distribution Poecilimon affinis serbicus Karaman, 1974 lected several and ecology, especially in this part of Poecilimon komareki rumijae Karaman, 1972 other species that Europe. Poecilimon mavrovi Karaman, 1958 are rare in Ser- Poecilimon pancici Karaman, 1958 bia: Metaplastes Pholidoptera aptera gjorgjevici Karaman, 1960 ornatus (Ramme, Pholidoptera stankoi Karaman, 1960 1931), Andreini- Anterastes serbicus petkovskii Karaman, 1961 imon nuptialis Ovaliptila willemsei (Karaman, 1975) (Karny, 1918), Troglophilus (Troglophilus) zorae Karaman & Pavićević, 2011 Ancistrura nigro- Melanoplus frigidus dimovskii Karaman, 1959 vittata (Brunner Pararcyptera microptera macedonica Karaman, 1961 von Wattenwyl, Theodore J. Cohn Research Grant Reports Does host plant polyploidization promote co-divergence of a specialist orthopteran community?

By TIM O’CONNOR University of California, Berkeley, USA [email protected] dentifying the processes that Cohn Fund, I am testing whether host (Fig. 1) (Laport et al. 2012). Cyto- link plant and diversifi- plant polyploidy spurs divergence types are partially reproductively cation is an enduring challenge within several in evolutionary biology. Poly- orthopteroid spe- ploidy (whole genome dupli- cies that feed on cation) is a common driver creosote bush II Mojave of rapid speciation and phenotypic (Larrea tri- 2 3 novelty in plants. Plant populations of dentata, Zygo- 1 Sonoran 6 different ploidy level (“cytotype”) are phyllaceae) in typically reproductively isolated and North American 4 5 can differ in size, phenology, physiol- deserts. 7 ogy, and defensive chemistry. Such Chihuahuan differences can influence interactions Focal species with herbivorous insects (Segraves Creosote bush and Anneberg 2016). Thompson and is a hardy desert colleagues (Thompson et al. 1997) shrub that com- hypothesized that populations of prises diploid, specialized herbivorous insects may tetraploid, and diploid further specialize on host cytotypes hexaploid popu- tetraploid following plant polyploidy and there- lations that are hexaploid by diverge into new species. Despite roughly segre- cytotype unknown the potential to link insect speciation gated among Figure 1. Location of ~240 sites where I have collected orthopteroids from to a common mode of plant diversifi- the Chihuahuan, creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). Three creosote bush cytotypes are dis- cation, this hypothesis has been little- Sonoran, and tributed across the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts. Numbered pointers indicate seven transects across contact zones. explored. In work supported by the Mojave Deserts Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 14 METALEPTEA abundant throughout the Chihuahuan Desert and can be found at lower densities in the Sonoran Desert. Sexes are strongly dimorphic, with males mimicking young red-brown stems, while females mimic the variegated gray of older stems.

Study approach Between June 2015 and August 2017, I collected insects from creo- sote bush at ~240 localities across the US and Mexico (Fig. 1). These include intensive collections across at least seven transects through cyto- type contact zones. The distribution of creosote bush cytotypes in Baja California has not been assessed by flow cytometry, but morphological in- ference (Hunter et al. 2001) suggests there may be two or more transects represented in my collections from the peninsula. I will confirm cytotype distributions as part of the current study. Figure 2. Focal orthopteroid species. (A) argentatus from Tucson Mountains, Arizona. I am genotyping insects from (B) Insara covilleae from Tucson Mountains. (C) coquilletti from Tucson Mountains. contact zones at thousands of loci (D) Copulating covilleae from western Texas. using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. For each focal isolated (i.e., incipient species) and grasshopper. This species is distrib- species, I will use a suite of explorato- differ in vegetative morphology, anti- uted across the full extent of creosote ry analyses to assess whether genetic herbivore chemistry, and production bush’s range. The stem-mimicking Li- differentiation between populations of volatile aromatic compounds. Dip- gurotettix coquilletti McNeill (Acridi- corresponds to host plant cytotype. loid and tetraploid cytotypes meet in dae: Gomphocerinae) feeds primarily I will then use recently developed a short and well-defined contact zone on creosote bush in the Sonoran and methods (Bradburd et al. 2013) to in southeastern Arizona, and a sinu- Mojave Deserts. Males of L. coquil- disentangle the effect of host plant ous contact zone between tetraploids letti prefer to establish territories on cytotype vs. geographic distance in and hexaploids extends from central host plants with the lowest levels of driving any such differentiation. Col- Arizona to southern California. These anti-herbivore compounds (Greenfield lections from across the full extent of contact zones provide an opportunity et al. 1989) and may be especially creosote bush’s distribution will be to test whether insect populations on sensitive to differences in defensive used for a companion study. different host cytotypes are geneti- chemistry among host plant cytotypes. cally differentiated from each other By contrast, the katydid Insara covil- Preliminary results while controlling for the effect of leae Rehn & Hebard (Tettigoniidae: DNA sequencing is ongoing, and full geographic distance on population Phaneropterinae) consumes leaves analyses of RAD data are not avail- divergence. with the highest levels of anti-herbi- able. However, pilot data from B. Orthopteroids are the major chew- vore compounds (Rhoades and Cates argentatus suggests that population ing herbivores of creosote bush, and 1976). This species mimics creosote structure may indeed correspond to my work focuses on four widespread foliage and is found throughout the host plant cytotype. A phylogeny of species (Fig. 2). Sonoran Desert and adjacent por- mitochondrial DNA sequences re- Bruner (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) tions of the Mojave and Chihuahuan vealed a major division between pop- convincingly mimics creosote bush Deserts. Finally, the stick insect Di- ulations from the Chihuahuan Desert foliage and holds the distinction of apheromera covilleae Rehn & Hebard and western (Sonoran+Mojave) Des- being the only (known) monophagous (: ) is erts. The boundary between eastern Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 15 METALEPTEA

A B Host plant cytotype: diploid tetraploid hexaploid

Figure 3. (A) Neighbor-joining phylogeny of B. argentatus populations inferred from ~10,000 unlinked loci. (B) Location of samples included in phylogeny. and western mitochondrial haplotypes Next steps Ecology and Biogeography 10:521–533. was localized to a 75-km region that Expanded sequencing of Bootettix and Laport, R. G., R. L. Minckley, and J. includes a cytotype contact zone. other species from collections made Ramsey. 2012. Phylogeny and Cyto- Three years of fieldwork indicateB. in August 2017 will enable me to geography of the North American argentatus is absent from the area more powerfully test the link between Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata, Zygo- phyllaceae). Systematic Botany immediately surrounding the diploid- plant polyploidy and insect speciation 37:153–164. tetraploid contact zone, so I cannot first hypothesized by Thompson and Rhoades, D., and R. Cates. 1976. Toward test if host cytotype or other factors colleagues 20 years ago. a general theory of plant antiherbivore (e.g., expansion from Pleistocene chemistry. in J. W. Wallace and R. L. refugia) are responsible for observed Acknowledgments Mansell, eds. Biochemical Interaction population structure. The east-west This work is performed in collaboration Between Plants and Insects. Plenum divergence in Bootettix is consistent with my PhD advisor, Dr. Noah White- Press, New York. with the historical distinction be- man. Thank you to the Orthopterists’ So- Segraves, K. A., and T. J. Anneberg. 2016. ciety, especially the administrators of the tween B. argentatus (described from Species interactions and plant poly- Cohn Research Fund, for their support. the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico), ploidy. American Journal of Botany 103:1326–1335. and B. punctatus (a junior synonym References Cited Thompson, J. N., K. A. Segraves, B. M. described from California). Further Bradburd, G. S., P. L. Ralph, and G. M. Cunningham, D. M. Althoff, and D. analysis is required to determine Coop. 2013. Disentangling the effects Wagner. 1997. Plant polyploidy and whether each population merits spe- of geographic and ecological isolation insect/plant interactions 150:730–743. cies status. A phylogeny inferred from on genetic differentiation. Evolution preliminary RAD sequencing data 67:3258–3273. confirmed the east-west divergence Greenfield, M. D., T. E. Shelly, and A. and further suggested that B. argen- Gonzalez-Coloma. 1989. Territory tatus on tetraploid and hexaploid selection in a desert grasshopper: the maximization of conversion efficiency creosote bush form distinct lineages on a chemically defended shrub. Jour- (Fig. 3). The geographic distribution nal of Ecology 58:761–771. of sequenced individuals is currently Hunter, K. L., J. L. Betancourt, B. R. Riddle, insufficient to implicate host cytotype T. R. Van Devender, K. L. Cole, and as the driver of population structure, W. G. Spaulding. 2001. Ploidy race but I will soon follow up on this result distributions since the Last Glacial with further DNA sequencing. Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata. Global Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 16 METALEPTEA The resurgence of the South American locust (Schistocerca cancellata) By HECTOR E. MEDINA Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal - SENASA , ARGENTINA [email protected], [email protected] ARIANNE J. CEASE School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, USA [email protected] EDUARDO V. TRUMPER Instituto Nacinal de Tecnología Agropecuaria, ARGENTINA [email protected] he South American , , , and Argentina denly darkened by swarms and crops locust (Schistocerca can- as far as the 42°S—the biggest impact entirely lost to locusts. However, by cellata Serville, 1838) and economic losses have been in the 1960s after many years of control was the most destruc- Argentina (Kölher, 1962; Lieberman, campaigns heavily relying on DDT, tive agricultural pest 1972). Indeed, virtually no crop in a preventive strategy was officially TT in late 1800’s to early Argentina has escaped locust swarms established that succeeded in keep- to mid 1900’s Argentina. However, (de Wysiecki and Lange, 2005). ing the locust population at bay. The since the 1950s its numbers decreased Similar to how the Rocky Mountain locusts were restricted to a relatively considerably until a notable upsurge locust (Melanoplus spretus Walsh, small region in northwest Argentina in Argentina in 2015. Here, we give 1866) shaped pest management in the (Barrera and Turk, 1983; Waloff and historical context for this species, dis- U.S., the history of pest management Pedgley, 1986; Hunter and Cosenzo, cuss the current upsurge, and outline in Argentina began with S. cancellata. 1990). In Argentina, 1954 was the ongoing and upcoming research and Locust control campaigns in the early last year a major plague period was management activities and collabora- 19th century gave birth to the first reported (De Wysiecki and Lange, tions. governmental agency with the mis- 2005). Monitoring continued in Cata- sion of controlling pests and regulat- marca and La Rioja provinces where The South American locust: 1800 to ing national plant health, a task that is locust populations remained, but was 1960 now integrated into the duties of the minimal elsewhere because the locust The South American locust, S. can- National Plant and Animal Health and populations had diminished. cellata, first appeared as a destructive Quality Service of Argentina (SE- agricultural pest in 1538, affecting NASA). During plague years, locusts 2015-2017 upsurge cassava crops in Buenos Aires (Gas- would be distributed across half the After six decades of limited S. tón, 1969). While S. cancellata has an country (1.4 million km2) (Gastón, cancellata activity (only three smaller expanded range during plagues—from 1969). Stories were passed on at outbreaks in 1961, 1989 and 2010; southeast Bolivia, Paraguay, south gatherings of clear skies sud- Barrientos Lozano, 2011), a sequence

Figure 1. S. cancellata swarms in Chaco province July 2017

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 17 METALEPTEA national locust program. The Bolivian locust program was based on the SENASA National Locust Program, which was created in the early 1900s. This collaboration was supported in part by the Argentine Fund for South-South and Triangular Cooperation (FOAR). A few weeks after the locust swarms were first reported in Bolivia, simi- lar reports appeared in Paraguay. This was likely the first outbreak in Para- guay for more than half a century, so there was limited local knowledge and no locust manage- Figure 2. Geographic distribution of S. cancellata. ment in place. The swarms were concentrat- of three ever-increasing upsurges The first swarms were detected in Jan- ed in the Alto Paraguay started in 2015. The first was in Ar- uary 2016 in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Region in the north and particularly gentina. In July 2015, locust swarms Cabezas county. By February, swarms next to the Brazilian border in Toro up to 25 km2 were identified in were reported in several locations, Pampa and Fuerte Olimpo. Nymphs Santiago del Estero province. A rapid including as far south as Boyuibe, a and adults were found on natural response of SENASA working with town near the border of Argentina. pastures and shrublands. At the re- provincial public institutions and pri- Locusts damaged a number of crops quest of the Paraguayan government, vate stakeholders helped to keep the including soybeans, maize, sorghum, SENASA Argentina assisted with upsurge under control. Damages were peanut and citrus trees. President field evaluations and provided train- reported mainly in dry woodlands Evo Morales declared a state of plant ing and general recommendations. By and natural pastures, with only minor health emergency in February. The the end of February National Plant impact on crops. Bolivian government responded and Seed Health and Quality Service The upsurge in Argentina was fol- rapidly by requesting visits by ex- of Paraguay (SENAVE), announced lowed by outbreaks of nymphal bands perts from Argentina and the FAO the implementation of control actions. and adult swarms in southeast Bolivia UN, and, within three months of the Locusts were detected as late as May that threatened 10,000+ ha of crops. first recorded swarm, had launched a in Boquerón and Hayes, near the bor-

Figure 3. A. S. cancellata nymphs eating Panicum maximum near Boyuibe, Bolivia; B. Diet study on marching nymphs in Catamarca, Argentina

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 18 METALEPTEA able scouting personnel. Once locusts passed the density threshold to become gregarious and adults began to migrate, monitoring became increasingly difficult because locusts ex- panded to regions with no trained personnel available. As a result, several swarms may have migrated north- ward unchecked. Future studies are needed to determine the migratory pathways, but based on preliminary data we hypothesize a process of geographic expan- sion with at least one reproduction period in Figure 4. A-B. Argentina May 2016: Representatives from SENASA, INTA, and ASU in Catamarca (A) and La Rioja (B) Bolivia and Paraguay. provinces; C. Buenos Aires workshop; D. Arianne Cease (ASU), Eduardo Trumper (INTA), and Mónica Roca (SENASA) This process plausibly collecting locusts gave rise to the new adult generation that der to Argentina. been observed in scattered crops in entered Argentina during July 2017. After a period of relative calm northern Argentina. across early winter, on June 24, 2017 Ongoing research and management large swarms were reported moving Why this large-scale upsurge after activities and future strategies southward in the northeast Argentin- decades of successful control? Locusts are a continental-level ian province Formosa, likely enter- The most plausible hypothesis challenge that requires coordinated ing from Paraguay. Several swarms to explain the recent upsurge and responses across boundaries by were observed travelling in the same geographic expansion of S. cancellata individuals and governments. While direction (south) through provinces to is that a combination of two major upsurges and plagues can have devas- the south and southwest of Formosa: factors converged in the permanent tating impacts on food security, such Chaco, Santiago del Estero, and north breeding region simultaneously. First, large-scale events happen erratically. Santa Fe provinces. To the east of this La Rioja, Catamarca, and Santiago This ‘moving target’ is one of the dif- region, locusts were reported mating del Estero provinces had both a mild ficulties for sustainable locust man- and laying eggs. During mid-August, winter and frequent rains of 25+ mm agement (Lockwood et al., 2001). In at least two swarms were reported in from late winter to spring. In addition the early stages of the current locust Cordoba province dispersing south- to increasing locust growth rate, this upsurge, SENASA responded quickly ward as fast as 150 km per day appar- weather likely induced breaking of by intensifying monitoring and ently facilitated by high-speed north the winter adult reproductive diapause control in Argentina. However, for de- winds. One of these swarms reached earlier than usual (Hunter & Cosenzo, cades the preventative strategy—and the 32nd parallel south near Monte 1990), which paved the way for a training—had been focused on target- Ralo in Cordoba Province, which is third generation. S. cancellata typi- ing nymphal bands in Catamarca and to the east of the permanent breed- cally has two generations per year; La Rioja. Quick treatment of nymphal ing region. SENASA is implement- three generations per year can lead to bands meant that adult swarms were ing an intensive monitoring plan and exponential population growth. Sec- rare. Consequently, when the first conducting chemical control through ond, the climatic favorability allowed swarm was found in July 2015, aerial sprays when swarms settle in for expansion of suitable breeding Argentina relied on a handful of the areas not populated by people. As yet and egg laying sites, making the area most experienced field officers from in 2017, only minor damages have too large to be covered by the avail- Catamarca and La Rioja provinces Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 19 METALEPTEA to train newer col- leagues. As such, in Argentina the re- sponse was limited in its efficacy because of the time necessary to train individuals and the reactive nature of the response. A systems approach may help address this continental-level challenge over the long-term, reducing the need for reaction- ary responses. Locusts are part of complex coupled human and natural systems, or CHANS (Cease et al., 2015). CHANS are systems of feed- back linking people and ecosystems that connect people across time and space. For example, land use and/or locust manage- ment practices in one region can affect the likelihood of another region being the recip- ient of locust swarms. Policy and markets also link outbreak regions through space and time and can af- fect the probability of swarms, as well as how swarms and locust control impact people and the envi- ronment. To develop Figure 5. A. Bolivia April 2017: Bolivia workshop; B. Hector Medina giving a seminar at the workshop; C. Hector Me- sustainable locust dina providing advice to a group of farmers, SENASAG colleagues, private consultants and NAPO representatives; D. management ap- The April 2017 field team including representatives from SENASAG, INIAF, SENASA, INTA, CIAT, Institute of Agricul- tural Research “El Vallecito”, and ASU; E-F. Field work near Boyuibe collecting samples of locusts and vegetation: in proaches that consider intact forest (E), and along the road (F). multiple outcomes in this complex CHANS bio-ecology, impact and management topics from acridid management, system, many disciplines and sec- of locusts and grasshoppers” (http:// forecasting, , and ecophysi- tors are needed. To that aim, in May www.senasa.gov.ar/senasa-comunica/ ology, to community well-being and 2016, SENASA, INTA (the National noticias/taller-sobre-bioecologia- environmental safety. Representatives Institute for Agricultural Technology), impacto-y-manejo-de-langostas-y- from many organizations attended, and the National Ministry of AgroIn- tucuras). This workshop included including the Center for Parasitologi- dustry organized the “Workshop on Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 20 METALEPTEA cal and Vector Studies (CEPAVE), developed a report to assist with iden- Poblacional, Biología y Ecología de la the National University of La Plata tifying S. cancellata and to advocate Langosta Suramericana (Schistocerca (UNLP), and Arizona State University for the use of pesticide alternatives cancellata, Serville). Instituto Tec- (ASU). CEPAVE, UNLP, and Texas A to avoid non-target effects on other nológico de Ciudad Victoria, Tamauli- & M University (TAMU) researchers organisms such as bees (http://cebem. pas, México. Pp. 93–135 Cease A.J., Elser J.J., Fenichel E.P., Hadrich are currently collaborating to study org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ J.C., Harrison J.F., Robinson B.E. 2015. phase change in S. cancellata. This SBE-14-de-febrero-general.pdf). Living with locusts: connecting soil study complements ongoing research Following the workshop, ASU col- nitrogen, locust outbreaks, livelihoods, at TAMU comparing phase change laborated with SENASAG, INIAF, and livestock markets. Bioscience 65: in Schistocerca species, as well as SENASA, INTA, and CIAT to collect 551-558. 10.1093/biosci/biv048. ongoing research at CEPAVE and nutritional data on outbreaks and de Wysiecki, M. L. y C. Lange (2005), UNLP studying the phylogeography determine vegetation preferred and “La langosta Schistocerca cancel- and ecophysiology of acridids more avoided. Additionally, ASU collected lata Serville (Orthoptera: Acrididae: broadly. Following the May 2016 live S. cancellata to supplement es- ) en la Argentina: workshop, Arizona State University tablished lab colonies from Argentina biología, ecología, historia y control”, en L. Barrientos Lozano y P. Almaguer (ASU) researchers worked with INTA and to continue ecophysiological re- Sierra (eds.), Manejo integrado de la and SENASA to collect data from search. ASU invites other institutions langosta centroamericana (Schisto- multiple populations to determine to use these colonies for research if cerca piceifrons piceifrons, Walker) y their nutrient and host plant prefer- interest exists. acridoideos plaga en América Latina, ence. Such data will improve our Many stakeholders in agriculture Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Victo- understanding of bottom-up control of and the general public are deeply ria, Tamaulipas, México locust populations and what triggers concerned about the resurgence of Gastón, J. 1969. Síntesis histórica de las migration. These studies complement large swarms of S. cancellata (reach- invasiones de langosta en la Argen- ongoing CHANS research by ASU ing up to 25 km2 in size) across tina. Publ. Misc. No. 433. Secretaria and collaborators looking at the con- Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. The de Estado de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Buenos Aires, 32 pp. nections among soil nitrogen, locust governments of these three countries Hunter D., Cosenzo E. 1990. The origin outbreaks, livelihoods, and livestock share these concerns and have agreed of plagues and recent outbreaks of the markets. that integrated approaches and joint South American locust, Schistocerca Following the appearance of actions to manage S. cancellata are cancellata (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in swarms in Bolivia, SENASAG hosted necessary. The first steps have been Argentina. Bulletin of Entomological three official missions between Febru- taken by the Argentine Ministry of Research 80: 295-300. ary and April to integrate knowledge Foreign Affairs to develop a Re- Köhler, P. (1962) Ecologia de la zona cen- and actions of the international com- gional Program of Management of tral y de gregarización de la langosta munity, particularly from Argentina. the South American locust through en la Republica Argentina. Idia Supple- The first two missions focused on the Argentine Fund for South-South ment No. 7, 108 pp. Liebermann, J. 1972. The current state of how to achieve effective networking and Triangular Cooperation (FOAR). the locust and grasshopper problem in between public and private sectors The convergence of institutions and Argentina. Proc. Int. Study Conf. Cur- to improve efficiency for field -op stakeholders has led to a focus beyond rent and Future Problems of Acridol., erations. The goal of the third mis- tackling the immediate problem. London, 191-198. sion was to formalize institutional These cross-sectoral collaborations Lockwood J.A., Showler A.T., Latchininsky cooperation among organizations in are emphasizing longer time frames, A.V. 2001. Can we make locust and Bolivia and Argentina and to promote learning from mistakes, and gaining a grasshopper management sustainable? the development of a long-term and deeper knowledge of the mechanisms Journal of Orthoptera Research 10: integrated research and management driving locust population dynamics 315-329. strategy. To achieve these goals, rep- and migration to support sustainable Waloff, Z. and Pedgley, D.E., 1986. Com- parative biogeography and biology resentatives participated from INIAF locust management. of the South American locust, Schis- (Institute of National Agricultural tocerca cancellata (Serville), and the and Forestry Innovation), the Gabriel References Cited South African desert locust, S. gregaria René Moreno University, the Center Barrera, M. and Turk, S., 1983. Estado flaviventris (Burmeister)(Orthoptera: for Tropical Agriculture Research actual de la langosta Schistocera Acrididae): a review. Bulletin of ento- (CIAT), the Institute of Agricultural cancellata paranensis (Burm.) en la mological research, 76(1), pp.1-20. Republica Argentina: neuvos aportes a Research “El Vallecito”, Arizona State su bioecologia. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, University, SENASA, and INTA. The 27, pp.15-29. Entomological Society of Bolivia Barrientos Lozano, L. 2011. Dinámica Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 21 METALEPTEA Type diversity of Pyrgomorphidae III: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain By RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ Department of Entomology Texas A&M University [email protected] ounded in 1771 by the exiled to Mexico King Carlos III, this mu- where he died in seum houses more than 1944. Compiling 4 million specimens of information from Or- insects. Concerning Or- thoptera Species File, FF thoptera, there are more there are 1,921 taxa than 100,000 pinned specimens with named by Bolívar, types of 1,005 taxa (including syn- with 517 of these cur- onyms), with 804 of them currently rently synonyms. Of valid taxa. These numbers are mainly the valid taxa, three due to the efforts of Ignacio Bolívar are families (Om- y Urrutia (1850-1944). Other Span- mexechidae Bolívar, ish orthopterologists also contributed, 1884; Pamphagodi- such as Longinos Navás-Ferré (1858- dae Bolívar, 1884 and 1938), Manuel Cazurro Ruiz (1865- Xyronotidae Bolívar, 1935), Eugenio Morales-Agacino 1909), twelve are (1914-2002), and Vicenta Llorente del and there Moral (1930- ). For historical reasons, are 21 tribes, among the areas covered in this collection are others. Regarding Spain and the Canary Islands, North- Pyrgomorphidae, ern Africa, Equatorial Guinea, Philip- there are: one sub- pines, , Madagascar, family (Orthacridi- Minor Asia, and the Oriental Region. nae, Bolívar, 1905), nine tribes, 3 sub- Bolívar legacy tribes, 35 genera, The prolificity of Bolívar was re- 85 species, and 25 markable: over 70 years (1872-1942), subspecies that are he published 246 articles, the great currently valid, plus Figure 1. Cover of the book “Ignacio Bolívar y las Ciencias Naturales majority about Orthoptera. There is an 120 synonyms. In en España”. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 1988. excellent book about his life and role Table 1, I present the Facsimile of the 1921 edition. in the natural sciences in Spain (Fig. complete information. 1) where he was director of the Muse- During the sum- other museums, there were more than um from 1901 to 1936. Unfortunately, mer of 2015, I had the opportunity of 46 specimens to be photographed be- due to the Spanish Civil War he was visit the Museo Nacional de Ciencias cause in some cases, in addition to the Naturales (MNCN) in Madrid, Spain. holotype, there were paratypes of the Table 1. Taxa named by Bolívar My objective was to obtain photo- opposite sex that I photographed too. graphic records of type material of Additionally, I found type material of the 46 valid species and subspecies another 37 species or subspecies that reported to be deposited at MNCN are currently synonyms. At the end of according to OSF. I was fortunate to six intense days I was able to pho- find that the Museum has an excellent tograph 141 specimens (dorsal and database of the type material so it was lateral view, and labels). The great possible to know exactly in which box majority of these images are already the types were located. This saved me available on OSF. hours of searching through the boxes. In Figure 2, it is possible to appreci- Of course, as has happened to me in ate lateral and dorsal views of some

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 22 METALEPTEA type material of species of Pyrgo- morphidae described by Bolívar. In Figure 3, the three images obtained per specimen are shown. In several cases, Kevan designated lectotypes and paralectotypes because it was not usual during Bolívar’s time to designate holotype and paratypes but only type or type series. However, in some cases, Bolívar designated “the type” and then that specimen becomes the holotype by original designation (article 73.1.1 ICZN). In other cases, Bolívar described the species based on a single specimen, so, in that case, the holotype is fixed by monotypy (article 73.1.2 ICZN). In Figure 4, type material of two beautiful species are shown in dorsal view in order to appreciate the wing coloration. This is very important because this character has information for phylogenetic anal- yses and it is not that common to have type material like this (lectotype and holotype), with at least one tegmen and wing spread. Trying to spread tegmina and wings of type material is challenging and almost forbidden. In Figure 5, I share with you type ma- terial of species of Pyrgomorphidae not described by Bolívar. The second one (Fig. 5B) is of particular interest Figure 2. Pyrgomorphidae types from MNCN. A. Annandalea robinsoni Bolívar, 1905 (♂, HT) because this species (Pyrgomorphula Malaysia; B. Pseudorubellia brancsiki (Bolívar, 1904) (♂, HT) Madagascar; C. Mitricephala dohrni (Bolívar, 1905) (♂, LT) Indonesia; D. Nerenia francoisi Bolívar, 1905 (♂, HT) New Caledonia; E. serbica) is critically endangered and Colemania sphenarioides Bolívar, 1910 (♂, LT) India; F. Ramakrishnaia notabilis Bolívar, 1917 (♂, its area of occupancy is estimated LT) India; G. Anarchita aptera (Bolívar, 1902) (♂, LT) India; H. Shoacris bormansi (Bolívar, 1884) to be only 16 km2 (Chobanov et al., (♀, HT) Ethiopia; I. Stenoscepa picticeps (Bolívar, 1904) (♂, HT) South Africa; J. Tanita breviceps 2016). (Bolívar, 1882) (♀, LT) Angola. Source: © Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), I thank the curator of the insect col- Madrid, photos Ricardo Mariño-Pérez 2015. lection, Mercedes París García, for all Figure 3. Tagasta indica of her assistance before, during, and indica Bolívar, 1905. (♂, after my trip. She gave me, as a gift, LT) Bhutan. A. Dorsal the book shown in Figure 1, which view; B. Labels; C. Lateral was a pleasure to read and helped view. Source: © Museo me to understand the importance of Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Bolívar, not only in Orthopterology, Madrid, photos Ricardo but in Natural Sciences in Spain and Mariño-Pérez 2015. Mexico.

References Cited Chobanov, D.P., Hochkirch, A., Iorgu, I.S., Ivkovic, S., Kristin, A., Lemonnier- Darcemont, M., Pushkar, T., Sirin, D., Skejo, J. Skejo, Szovenyi, G., Ve- denina, V. & Willemse, L.P.M. 2016.

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 23 METALEPTEA

Figure 4. A. Phymateus pulcherrimus Bolívar, 1904 (♂, LT) Ethiopia; B. Taph- ronota merceti Bolívar, 1905 (♂, HT) Democratic Republic of the Congo. Source: © Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, photos Ricardo Mariño-Pérez 2015.

Pyrgomorphula serbica. The IUCN Code of Zoological Red List of Threatened Species 2016: Nomenclature. 4th e.T69673708A69673732. http://dx.doi. edition. The Inter- Figure 5. A. Greyacris picta (Sjöstedt, 1921) (♀, LT) ; B. org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS. national Trust for Pyrgomorphula serbica (Pančić, 1882) (♂, ST) Serbia. Source: © T69673708A69673732.en. Download- Zoological Nomen- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, photos ed on 01 September 2017. clature, London, UK. Ricardo Mariño-Pérez 2015. International Commission on Zoological 306 pp. Nomenclature. 1999. International The Lubber Within By DEREK A. WOLLER USDA: APHIS, PPQ CPHST-Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA [email protected] n a whim one day, I decided to capture an x-ray image of a pinned specimen of an eastern lubber grasshopper OO (Romalea microptera (Houttuyn, 1813)) specimen from Florida and I was surprised to see how well it came out. I had surmised that the exoskeleton of an insect would not be dense enough to yield much in the way of a solid, interest- ing image, but, as you can see, quite a bit of detail can be seen, including some of the internal anatomy. The left image is the original and the right had its colors inverted and its position mirrored in Adobe Photoshop. Photo credit: Derek A. Woller and Joe Wad- dell using a desktop x-ray scanner in the Crampton Lab at the University of Central Florida, Orlando, U.S.A.

Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 24 METALEPTEA you’ve been chasing after for the past contributions, so please send me your Editorial 10 minutes, you don’t think about stories to share with other members. By HOJUN SONG all the deadlines you have to meet or I would like to thank all those who Editor, Metaleptea all the responsibilities that you have have contributed to this issue as well [email protected] taken on because you don’t know how as our Associate Editor, Derek A. to say “no”. At that very moment, it’s Woller, for his continued assistance in here is something simple really about you and the grasshopper the editorial process. and pure about collect- and all you think about is whether To publish in Metaleptea, please ing grasshoppers that you can catch this grasshopper or not. send your contribution to hsong@ makes this endeavor a In a way, I really enjoy being in this tamu.edu with a subject line starting unique experience. Many simple state of mind, because my life with [Metaleptea]. As for the format, T professional entomolo- T is indeed run entirely by deadlines a MS Word document is preferred and gists use specialized tools and traps and responsibilities. I only wish I had images should be in JPEG or TIFF to collect insects of their choice. more time to go out in the field... format with a resolution of at least Malaise traps, light traps, yellow pan This issue is another fine collection 144 DPI. The next issue of Meta- traps, pitfall traps, flight intercept of interesting articles. I am continu- leptea will be published in January traps, baited traps, Berlese funnel, ally excited to learn about all of the of 2018, so please send me content CO traps, and many more have been 2 fantastic research being done on promptly. I look forward to hearing designed to attract insects so that it is Orthoptera. Remember that Metalep- from you soon! possible to collect in large numbers. tea completely relies on the member Not so with grasshoppers. So far, I have not found a good trap to attract grasshoppers, although some species Officers of the Orthopterists’ Society will occasionally come to light. To collect grasshoppers well, one President: Alexandre Latchininsky, Department of Ecosystem Science often has to employ a ‘search-and- and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA. pursuit’ method. In general, common [email protected] grasshoppers are relatively easy to President-Elect: David Hunter, Locust and Grasshopper Control, collect because they are abundant and 125 William Webb Drive, McKellar ACT 2617 Australia. you only need to use sweep-netting. [email protected] However, there are some species that Executive Director: David Hunter, Locust and Grasshopper Control, are pretty much impossible to col- 125 William Webb Drive, McKellar ACT 2617 Australia. lect in this way. For example, most [email protected] Schistocerca species are extremely Treasurer: Pamm Mihm, 2417 Fields South Drive, Champaign, IL 61822 strong fliers and prefer to hide in thick USA. [email protected]. bushes or tall trees when disturbed. Managing Editor JOR: Corinna S. Bazelet, Department of Conservation As soon as you spot one, the grass- Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South hopper also notices you right way and Africa. [email protected] takes off and flies far away. I remem- Editorial Assistant JOR: Nancy Morris, Department of Biology, University ber spending an entire day chasing of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada. Schistocerca shoshone at a jojoba [email protected] plantation on a very hot day in Ari- Manager Orthopterists’ Society Website: Piotr Naskrecki, Museum of zona many years ago, and I was only Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. able to collect 4 individuals while [email protected] there must have been hundreds flying Associate Manager OS Website: David C.F. Rentz, 19 Butler Dr., Kuranda, over my head and cunningly escaping Queensland, Australia. [email protected] my net. The frustration of not being Editor Metaleptea: Hojun Song, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M able to catch these grasshoppers is University, College Station, TX, USA. [email protected] something you will have to personally Associate Editor Metaleptea: Derek A. Woller, USDA: APHIS, PPQ, experience to understand. Neverthe- CPHST-Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA. [email protected] less, there is something serene about Orthoptera Species File Officer: María Marta Cigliano, División chasing after hard-to-catch grasshop- Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, pers. At that moment when you are La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] slowly approaching that grasshopper The Ted Cohn Research Fund Manager: Michel Lecoq, CIRAD, . [email protected] Volume 37 (3) / September 2017 25