DOCSLIB.ORG

From Aristotle to LWS Abstract.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNILOG 2018 FROM ARISTOTLE TO LWS Prof. Dr. Angel Garrido Dep. of Fundamental Mathematics Faculty of Sciences UNED Paseo Senda del Rey, 9 28040 - Madrid, Spain [email protected] Abstract The roots of the Lvov-Warsaw School (LWS, by acronym) can be traced back to Aristotle himself. But in later times we better put them into thinking GW Leibniz and who somehow inherited many of these ways of thinking, such as the philosopher and mathematician Bernhard Bolzano. Since he would pass the key figure of Franz Brentano, who had as one of his disciples to Kazimierz Twardowski, which starts with the brilliant Polish school of mathematics and philosophy dealt with. Among them, one of the most interesting thinkers must be Jan Lukasiewicz, the father of many-valued logic. Jan Lukasiewicz (1878-1956) began teaching at the University of Lvóv (now Lwiw; former Lemberg, but also Leópolis), and then at Warsaw, but after World War II must to continue in Dublin. Some questions may be very astonishing in the CV of Lukasiewicz. For instance, that a firstly Polish Minister of Education in Paderewski cabinet, into the new Polish Republic, and also Rector for two times at Warsaw University, was awarded with a Doctorate `Honoris Causa´ in spring 1936, at University of Münster, into the maximum of effervescency of Nazism in Germany. The explanation must be their good relation with a very good friend, the former theologian, and then logician, Heinrich Schölz, which was the first Chairman of Mathematical Logic in German universities. Lukasiewicz firstly studied Law, and then Mathematics and Philosophy in Lvov (then Lemberg). His doctoral supervisor was Kazimierz Twardowski, and in 1902 he obtain his Ph. D. title with a very special mention: `sub auspiciis Imperatoris´ (i.e., under the auspices of the Kaiser). Also he received a doctorate ring with diamonds from the Kaiser of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Franz Joseph I. From 1902, Lukasiewicz was employed as a private teacher, and also as a desk in the Universitary Library of Lvov. So it was until 1904 when he obtained a scholarship to study abroad. He defends his `Habilitationschrift´ in 1906, entitled “Analysis and construction of the concept of cause”. This permits to give university courses. His first lectures were on the Algebra of Logic, according to the recent translation to Polish of this book of the French logician Louis Couturat. Between 1902 and 1906, Lukasiewicz continued his studies in the universities of Berlin and Leuwen (Lovaina). In 1906, by his `Habilitationschrift´, he obtain the qualification as university professor at Lvov. And the, in 1911, he was appointed as associate professor in his `alma mater´ (Lemberg). Jan Lukasiewicz was also very active in historical research on logic, giving a new and up-to-date interpretation of Aristotle´s syllogism and of the Stoics´ propositional calculus. According to Scholz, the better pages on history of logic are due to him. And also, as Arianna Betti says, “Jan Lukasiewicz is first and foremost associated with the rejection of the Principle of Bivalence and the discovery of Many-Valued Logic.” The discovery of MVL by Lukasiewicz was in 1918, a little earlier than Emil Leon Post. According to Jan Wolenski, “although Post´s remarks were parenthetical and extremely condensed, Lukasiewicz explained his intuitions and motivations carefully and at length. He was guided by considerations about future contingents and the concept of possibility”. So, he introduces, firstly, three-valued logic, then four-valued logic, generalized to logics with an arbitrary finite number of veritative values, and finally, to logics with a countably infinite-valued number of such values. Very noteworthy is his treatment of the history of logic in the light of the new formal logic (then called Logistics). Thus, not only he addressed the issue of future contingents departing from Aristotle, but also put in value logic of the Stoics, at least so far taken. In fact, Heinrich Scholz said, rightly, that Lukasiewicz had written the most lucid pages on the history of logic. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the MICINN´s Research Project FFI2016-77574-P, and the Investigation Group of our Spanish University (UNED) that we belong to, into a section about `Science and Technique´, that belongs to the Project entitled “Estudio sistemático de las lecturas heideggerianas de Jacques Derrida. Confluencias y divergencias”. Being Principal Researcher (IP), Prof. Dr. Cristina De Peretti. .
Recommended publications
  • Stanislaw Piatkiewicz and the Beginnings of Mathematical Logic in Poland

    Stanislaw Piatkiewicz and the Beginnings of Mathematical Logic in Poland

    HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 23 (1996), 68±73 ARTICLE NO. 0005 Stanisøaw PiaËtkiewicz and the Beginnings of Mathematical Logic in Poland TADEUSZ BATO G AND ROMAN MURAWSKI View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Matejki 48/49, 60-769 PoznanÂ, Poland provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector This paper presents information on the life and work of Stanisøaw PiaËtkiewicz (1849±?). His Algebra w logice (Algebra in Logic) of 1888 contains an exposition of the algebra of logic and its use in representing syllogisms. This was the ®rst original Polish publication on symbolic logic. It appeared 20 years before analogous works by èukasiewicz and Stamm. 1996 Academic Press, Inc. In dem Aufsatz werden Informationen zu Leben und Werk von Stanisøaw PiaËtkiewicz (1849±?) gegeben. Sein Algebra w logice (Algebra in der Logik) von 1888 enthaÈlt eine Darstel- lung der Algebra der Logik und ihre Anwendung auf die Syllogistik. PiaËtkiewicz' Schrift war die erste polnische Publikation uÈ ber symbolische Logik. Sie erschien 20 Jahre vor aÈhnlichen Arbeiten von èukasiewicz und Stamm. 1996 Academic Press, Inc. W pracy przedstawiono osobeË i dzieøo Stanisøawa PiaËtkiewicza (1849±?). W szczego lnosÂci analizuje sieË jego rozpraweË Algebra w logice z roku 1888, w kto rej zajmowaø sieË on nowymi no wczas ideami algebry logiki oraz ich zastosowaniami do sylogistyki. Praca ta jest pierwszaË oryginalnaË polskaË publikacjaË z zakresu logiki symbolicznej. Ukazaøa sieË 20 lat przed analog- icznymi pracami èukasiewicza i Stamma. 1996 Academic Press, Inc. MSC 1991 subject classi®cations: 03-03, 01A55.
  • 24° Congresso UECI TOSSIGNANO (BO-Imola) Villa Santa Maria

    24° Congresso UECI TOSSIGNANO (BO-Imola) Villa Santa Maria

    Unione Esperantista Cattolica Italiana U.E.C.I IDO Fare24° clicCongresso per modificare UECI lo stile del sottotitolo dello schema TOSSIGNANO (BO-Imola) Villa Santa Maria - 4-8 giugno 2010 www.ueci.it 4 I protagonisti • Louis Couturat era un matematico, logico e glottoteta francese, noto per i suoi contributi allo sviluppo delle logica formale. • Fu fondatore della Delegazione per l'adozione di una lingua ausiliaria internazionale. (Ris-Orangis , 17 gennaio 1868 – 3 agosto 1914) 2424° Congresso UECI 4-8 GIUGNO 2010 Il marchese Louis de Beaufront • Il marchese Louis de Beaufront (1855 – 1935) è stato un linguista, glottoteta ed esperantista francese. • La sua vita rimane piena di misteri: si seppe dopo la sua morte che non era marchese, che era di padre sconosciuto e che il suo vero nome era in realtà Louis Chevreux. Precettore privato al servizio di ricche famiglie, celibe. • Consacrò tutto il suo tempo libero alla diffusione della lingua, creò le basi del movimento esperantista. 24° Congresso UECI 4-8 GIUGNO 2010 • Alcune divergenze lo opposero all'iniziatore della lingua, Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof e alla maggioranza degli esperantisti francesi. • Non partecipò al primo congresso esperantista di Boulogne-sur- Mer dove fu adottato il Fundamento de Esperanto, cioè le norme intangibili che garantiscono la stabilità della lingua. • Louis de Beaufront creò l’IDO come tentativo di creare una versione più semplice dell'esperanto. • Ido in esperanto significa discendente ma è anche l'abbreviazione di esperantido 24° Congresso UECI 4-8 GIUGNO 2010 LA STORIA • Nell'ottobre 1907, a Parigi, un comitato internazionale di 12 membri si riunì per scegliere la lingua artificiale più adatta alla comunicazione internazionale.
  • Chapter 2 the Combinatory

    Chapter 2 the Combinatory

    Chapter 2 The Combinatory 1. Although Leibniz generally supported and adopted the logic of the Schools, while at the same time correcting and completing it, it would be a mistake to believe that his own logic was only a development or refinement of that of Aristotle. Leibniz himself suggests the opposite, when, after having bestowed on Aristotle through the mouth of Theophilus, the sumptuous praise we have read above (Chap. 1, §1), he has Philalethes deliver the following compliment: “You appear to defend common logic, but I see clearly that what you are presenting belongs to a much higher logic, which stands to the common sort as erudition does to the letters of the alphabet.”1 It is to this higher logic and not to that of Aristotle that he gives the title “universal mathematics.”2 And it is this that we must now investigate and explain. However novel Leibniz’s logic was to be, the root idea was nonetheless suggested to him by Aristotle, as he reports in several passages.3 He was not yet twelve years old when he immersed himself with pleasure in the intricacies of scholastic logic: he delighted in the books of Zabarella, Rubio, and Fonseca, and he read Suarez as easily as Milesian fables or novels. Already eager for innovation and tormented by the desire to invent, he cast onto paper criticisms and projects of reform; he acknowledged later that he experienced great pleasure in rereading the drafts he had written when he was fourteen years old. At that age, he had an idea that was to be the germ of his entire logic.
  • Photogenic Venus: the "Cinematographic Turn" and Its Alternatives in Nineteenth-Century France

    Photogenic Venus: the "Cinematographic Turn" and Its Alternatives in Nineteenth-Century France

    Photogenic Venus: The "Cinematographic Turn" and Its Alternatives in Nineteenth-Century France The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Canales, Jimena. 2002. Photogenic Venus: The "cinematographic turn" and its alternatives in nineteenth-century France. Isis 93, no. 4: 585-613. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/375953 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3210601 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Photogenic Venus The “Cinematographic Turn” and Its Alternatives in Nineteenth-Century France By Jimena Canales* ABSTRACT During the late nineteenth century, scientists around the world disagreed as to the types of instruments and methods that should be used for determining the most important con- stant of celestial mechanics: the solar parallax. Venus’s 1874 transit across the sun was seen as the best opportunity for ending decades of debate. However, a mysterious “black drop” that appeared between Venus and the sun and individual differences in observations of the phenomenon brought traditional methods into disrepute. To combat these difficulties, the astronomer Jules Janssen devised a controversial new instrument, the “photographic revolver,” that photographed Venus at regular intervals. Another solution came from phys- icists, who rivaled the astronomers’ dominance in precision measurements by deducing the solar parallax from physical measurements of the speed of light.
  • The Esperantist Background of René De Saussure's Work

    The Esperantist Background of René De Saussure's Work

    Chapter 1 The Esperantist background of René de Saussure’s work Marc van Oostendorp Radboud University and The Meertens Institute ené de Saussure was arguably more an esperantist than a linguist – R somebody who was primarily inspired by his enthusiasm for the language of L. L. Zamenhof, and the hope he thought it presented for the world. His in- terest in general linguistics seems to have stemmed from his wish to show that the structure of Esperanto was better than that of its competitors, and thatit reflected the ways languages work in general. Saussure became involved in the Esperanto movement around 1906, appar- ently because his brother Ferdinand had asked him to participate in an inter- national Esperanto conference in Geneva; Ferdinand himself did not want to go because he did not want to become “compromised” (Künzli 2001). René be- came heavily involved in the movement, as an editor of the Internacia Scienca Re- vuo (International Science Review) and the national journal Svisa Espero (Swiss Hope), as well as a member of the Akademio de Esperanto, the Academy of Es- peranto that was and is responsible for the protection of the norms of the lan- guage. Among historians of the Esperanto movement, he is also still known as the inventor of the spesmilo, which was supposed to become an international currency among Esperantists (Garvía 2015). At the time, the interest in issues of artificial language solutions to perceived problems in international communication was more widespread in scholarly cir- cles than it is today. In the western world, German was often used as a language of e.g.
  • How Peircean Was the “'Fregean' Revolution” in Logic?

    How Peircean Was the “'Fregean' Revolution” in Logic?

    HOW PEIRCEAN WAS THE “‘FREGEAN’ REVOLUTION” IN LOGIC? Irving H. Anellis Peirce Edition, Institute for American Thought Indiana University – Purdue University at Indianapolis Indianapolis, IN, USA [email protected] Abstract. The historiography of logic conceives of a Fregean revolution in which modern mathematical logic (also called symbolic logic) has replaced Aristotelian logic. The preeminent expositors of this conception are Jean van Heijenoort (1912–1986) and Don- ald Angus Gillies. The innovations and characteristics that comprise mathematical logic and distinguish it from Aristotelian logic, according to this conception, created ex nihlo by Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) in his Begriffsschrift of 1879, and with Bertrand Rus- sell (1872–1970) as its chief This position likewise understands the algebraic logic of Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871), George Boole (1815–1864), Charles Sanders Peirce (1838–1914), and Ernst Schröder (1841–1902) as belonging to the Aristotelian tradi- tion. The “Booleans” are understood, from this vantage point, to merely have rewritten Aristotelian syllogistic in algebraic guise. The most detailed listing and elaboration of Frege’s innovations, and the characteristics that distinguish mathematical logic from Aristotelian logic, were set forth by van Heijenoort. I consider each of the elements of van Heijenoort’s list and note the extent to which Peirce had also developed each of these aspects of logic. I also consider the extent to which Peirce and Frege were aware of, and may have influenced, one another’s logical writings. AMS (MOS) 2010 subject classifications: Primary: 03-03, 03A05, 03C05, 03C10, 03G27, 01A55; secondary: 03B05, 03B10, 03E30, 08A20; Key words and phrases: Peirce, abstract algebraic logic; propositional logic; first-order logic; quantifier elimina- tion, equational classes, relational systems §0.
  • Saussure Esperantista

    Saussure Esperantista

    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PARMA Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia Corso di Laurea in Civiltà letterarie e Storia delle civiltà RELAZIONE FINALE SAUSSURE ESPERANTISTA Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Davide Astori Correlatore: Char.ma Prof.ssa Fabienne Winkler Laureanda: Stefania Rinaldi Matricola n.175562 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2009/2010 1 INDICE Introduzione............................................................................................3 1 Breve storia della nascita dell'esperanto..............................................5 2 René de Saussure...................................................................................15 2.1. Notizie biografiche, inserimento e movimenti all'interno dell'ambiente esperantista.................................................15 2.2. Le origini della Nuova Lingua: Il Nov-Esperanto, o Esperanto II.........................................................................20 2.3. La moneta unica per un'unica Nazione: Lo Spesmilo.....29 2.4. Il ricordo di René de Saussure...........................................32 3 René, Ferdinand e l'Esperanto.................................................................37 4 Bibliografia analitica della vita di René de Saussure..........................43 5 Conclusioni....................................................................................................55 6 Appendice......................................................................................................57 7 Bibliografia....................................................................................................63
  • Interlingvistiko

    Interlingvistiko

    Interlingvistiko Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj 1 2 Universitato Adam Mickiewicz – Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza Interlingvistikaj Studoj – Studia Interlingwistyki Vĕra Barandovská-Frank Interlingvistiko Enkonduko en la sciencon pri planlingvoj Poznań 2020 3 Interlingvistikaj Studoj 1 Redaktanto de la serio – Redaktor serii: Ilona Koutny Redaktanto de la volumo – Redaktor tomu: Ilona Koutny Reviziantoj – Recenzenci: Wim Jansen, Ida Stria Bildo en la titolpaĝo – Obraz na okładce: Katalin Kováts Plano de titolpaĝo – Projekt okładki: Ilona Koutny © Teksto – Tekst: Vĕra Barandovská-Frank © Bildo – Obraz na okładce: Katalin Kováts © Eldono – Edycja: Wydawnictwo Rys Publikigita kun subteno de Akademio Internacia de la Sciencoj San Marino dofinansowane przez Międzynarodową Akademię Nauk San Marino Wydanie I Poznań 2020 ISBN 978-83-65483-88-1 Wydanie: Wydawnictwo Rys Dąbrówka, ul. Kolejowa 41 62-070 Dopiewo tel. 600 44 55 80 e-mail: [email protected] www.wydawnictworys.com 4 Enhavtabelo Antaŭparolo ..................................................................................................................... 9 Enkonduko .................................................................................................................... 11 1. Interlingvistiko kiel scienco ..................................................................................... 15 2. Antikvaj interlingvoj ................................................................................................ 27 2.1. La aramea lingvo ............................................................................................
  • George Boole. Selected Manuscripts on Logic and Its Philosophy (Science Networks

    George Boole. Selected Manuscripts on Logic and Its Philosophy (Science Networks

    George Boole. Selected Manuscripts on Logic and its Philosophy (Science Networks. Historical Studies, vol. 20). Ivor Grattan-Guinness/G´erard Bor- net, eds. Birkh¨auser Verlag: Basel/Boston/Berlin, 1997, e 37.30, ISBN 0- 8176-5456-9, lxiv + 236 pp. Reviewed by Volker Peckhaus Universit¨at Paderborn Kulturwissenschaftliche Fakult¨at Warburger Str. 100, D – 33098 Paderborn E-mail: [email protected] George Boole, the founder of the algebra of logic, did not stop working on logic after having published his seminal An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854 ). Among his aims was to write a philosophical comple- ment to his writings in the algebra of logic, but he died before he was able to finish it. All this was known already to his contemporaries and although leading authorities like Augustus De Morgan, Bertrand Russell, Philip E. B. Jourdain and Louis Couturat were involved in attempts to publish Boole’s posthumous logical papers, only bits and pieces from his logical manuscripts have been published up to now. This insufficient situation comes now to an end with this scholarly edition by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and G´erard Bornet. The editors have compiled a selection of about 40 % of Boole’s unpublished manuscripts on logic “from a scattered and chronologically unclear textual universe” (p. xxv). The bad condition of the manuscripts is due to Boole’s working style. He usually started each time from scratch producing not really substantial texts but notes and further work-plans. This is explained by Boole himself when he reported his plans to Augustus De Morgan in March 1859 (quoted p.
  • Science and International Language in the Early Twentieth Century

    Science and International Language in the Early Twentieth Century

    Constructing worlds with words : science and international language in the early twentieth century Citation for published version (APA): de Kloe, F. (2014). Constructing worlds with words : science and international language in the early twentieth century. https://doi.org/10.26481/dis.20140618fk Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2014 DOI: 10.26481/dis.20140618fk Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    c:\users\ken\documents\type3701\red\rj 3701 132 red.docx 2017-08-18 10:38 _ibliographies, Archival Inventories, Indexes BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF LEIBNIZ Kenneth Blackwell [email protected] lthough Russell included, in The Philosophy of Leibniz, a citation index to passages in the appendix, his general ^=index excluded most of the references to Leibniz’s titled works and none to other works, and often their authors. This index completes the record of his sources, excluding only the frequently un- titled fragments referred to by location in Gerhardt’s two editions. Bible: Genesis. Referred to: 68n. Boole, George. An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on Which Are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities. London: Wal- ton and Maberley, 1854. Referred to: 170. Boscovich, Rogerio Josepho [Bošković, Ruđer Josip]. Theoria Philosophiæ Naturalis. Venice: Typographia Remondiniana, 1763. (Russell’s Library, inscribed “B. Russell | June 1897”.) Referred to: 91n.2, 91n.3. Bradley, F. H. Appearance and Reality: a Metaphysical Essay. Oxford: Clar- endon P., 1893; 2nd edn., 1897. (1st edn., Russell’s Library, inscribed “B. Russell | Trin. Coll. Camb. | May 1894.”) Referred to: 15n. (1st edn.). ——. The Principles of Logic. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, 1883. (1st edn., ex-Russell’s Library, inscribed “B. Russell | Trin. Coll. Camb. | June 1893.”) Referred to: 12n., 50n.1, 177. Caird, Edward. The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Glasgow: James Maclehose and Sons, 1889. 2 vols. Referred to: 20n. russell: the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies n.s. 37 (summer 2017): 255–64 The Bertrand Russell Research Centre, McMaster U. issn 0036–01631; online 1913–8032 c:\users\ken\documents\type3701\red\rj 3701 132 red.docx 2017-08-18 10:38 256 kenneth blackwell Chalmers, Thomas, et al.
  • The 2014 Charles S. Peirce International Centennial Congress Peirce 2014: Invigorating Philosophy for the 21St Century

    The 2014 Charles S. Peirce International Centennial Congress Peirce 2014: Invigorating Philosophy for the 21St Century

    The Charles S. Peirce Society and the Charles S. Peirce Foundation present The 2014 Charles S. Peirce International Centennial Congress Peirce 2014: Invigorating Philosophy for the 21st Century Expanded Program (with Abstracts) Last Updated Wednesday 16 July, 1 p.m. University of Massachusetts Lowell July 16-19 In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the death of Charles S. Peirce Peirce Centennial Congress (July 2014) Updated 7/16, 1 p.m.: 2 Note to the Reader The primary purpose of this expanded program is to provide Congress attendees with abstracts of the papers to be presented; we also list errata in the printed (hard copy) program that came to light since that document went to press. Every effort has been made to ensure consistency of this expanded program with the printed program. In the event (unlikely, we hope!) that the two programs contradict one another, the printed program should be taken as authoritative, except for the errata noted below. We hope that this expanded program will help you to make the most of your time at the Peirce Centennial Congress. Should further updates be necessary, a modified version of this document will be posted on the Congress website, with an indication of the most recent revision date on the title page, and in the running head. Rosa Mayorga & Matthew Moore Co-Chairs, Program Committee Contents Errata in Printed (Hard Copy) Program: 3 Conference Schedule: 4 Concurrent Sessions A (Wed. 1 p.m.-2:30 p.m.): 8 Concurrent Sessions B (Wed. 2:45 p.m.-4:15 p.m.): 11 Concurrent Sessions C (Thu.