Special Libraries, October 1960

San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks

Special Libraries, 1960 Special Libraries, 1960s

10-1-1960

Special Libraries, October 1960

Special Libraries Association

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Putting Knowledge go Work OFFICERS DIRECTORS President SARAAULL WINIFREDSEWELL L7uiuersity of HOLLJL~JJ Squibb Institute for Medical Research Hoz~ston4, Texirs New Brunswick, New Jersey 1-ORRAINECIBOCH First Vice-president and President-Elect Charles Bruning Co., Inr. EUGENEB. JACKSON Mount Prospen, Illjnois General Motors Co~poration,IVarreii: Alirhi~'i~i W. ROY HOLLEMAN Second Vice-president Scripps Institution of Oceanography PAULL. KNAPP La Jolla, California The Ohio Oil Company. Litrleton, Colorztdo Secretary ALVINAF. WASSENBERG MRS.JEANNE B. NORTH Kaiser Aluminum G Chemirtrl Corp. United Aircraft Corp~rutio>i,East Hartford 8, Cotzn. Spokane, Washington Treasurer hks. ELIZABETHR. USHER OLIVEE. KENNEDY Metropolitan Mr~se.wn01 A1.t Room 5600, 30 Rockefeller Plaz'r, h'ercz York. A-.1'. Neu' Yorh, h'eu' York Immediate Past-President DONALDWASSON DR. BURTONW. ADKINSON Council on Foreign Relations National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C. New York. New York EXECUTIVE SECRETARY: BILL M. WOODS ASSISTANTTO THE EXECUTIVESECRETARY: KATHRYN E. SAIII'H Special Libraries Association jl East 10 Street, New York 3, New York MEMBERSHIP Dues: Sustaining - $100; Active - $15; Associate - $10 ; Afiliate - $15 ; S~udent- $2 ; Emeritus - $5 ; Life - $250. For qualifications, privileges and further information, write the Executive Secretary, Special Libraries Association.

- .- -- - - PUBLICATIONS Aviation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 National insurance organizations in the Bibliography of engineering abstract- United States and Canada, 1957 ...... ing services (SLA bibliography no. Nicknames of American cities, towns I), 1955 ...... 1.50 and villages past and present, 1951 .... Bibliography of new guides and aids Picture sources: an introductory list, to public documents use 1953-1956 1959 ...... (SLA bibliography no. 2), 1957 ...... 1.50 SLA directory of members, as of Sep- A brief for corporation libraries, 1949 .... 1.75 tember 1956, 19S7 ...... A checklist for the organization, opera- SLA loan collection of classification tion and evaluation of a company li- schemes and subject heading lists, 1959 brary, 1960 ...... 2.00 Source list of selected labor statistics, Contributions toward a special library rev. ed., 1953 ...... glossary, 2nd ed., 1950 ...... 1.25 Sources of commodity prices, 1960 ...... Correlation index document series & Special Libraries Association-its first PB reports, 1953 ...... 10.00 fifty years, 1909-1959, 1959 ...... Creation & development of an insur- 2.00 Special Libraries Association personnel ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... survey 1959, 1960 ...... Directory of special libraries, 1953 ...... 5.00 1.75 Subject headings for aeronautical en- Fakes and forgeries in the fine arts, 1950 gineering libraries, 1949 ...... Handbook of commercial, financial and Subject headings for financial librar- information services, 5th rev. ed., ies, 1954 ...... 1956 ...... 5.0n Handbook of scientific and technical Technical libraries, their organization and management, 1951 awards in the United States and ...... Canada. 1900-1952, 1956 ...... 3.00 Translators and translations: services and Map collections in the U. S. and Can- sources, 19.59 ...... ada; a directory, 1954 ...... 3.00 Visual presentation. Our library, 1953 .... TECHNICAL BOOK REVIEW INDEX-Subscription, $7.50; Foreign, $8.00; Single copies, 75C

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES IMPORTANT 2 INDEXES Published by The H.W. Wilson Company

APPLIED SCIENCE & TECHNOLO'GY INDEX

A cumulative subject index to periodicals in the fields of: AERO- NAUTICS, AUTOMATION,CHEMISTRY, CONSTRUCTION, ELECTRICITY & ELECTRICALCOMMUNICATION, ENGINEERING, GEOLOGY & METAL- LURGY, ~NDUSTRIAL & MECHANICALARTS, MACHINERY,PHYSICS, TRANSPORTATIONand related subjects.

Indexes nearly 200 periodicals. Published monthly except August. On the Service Basis.

BUSINESS PERIODICALS INDEX

A cumulative subject index to periodicals in the fields of: ACCOUNT- ING, ADVERTISING,BANKING & FINANCE,GENERAL BUSINESS, IN- SURANCE, LABOR& MANAGEMENT,MARKETING & PURCHASING, OF- FICE MANAGEMENT,PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, TAXATION, SPECIFIC BUSINESSES& TRADES.

Indexes approximately 120 periodicals. Published monthly except July. On the Service Basis.

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If you have not been using The New facts in a hurry! York Times Index, let us send you a If you decide that The New York "get-acquainted" copy of the twice-a- Times Index belongs in your library, month edition. an investment of $50 will get you the Then you can make your own test twice-a-month editions for a full year. of its usefulness to you. For only $35 more ($85 in all) you can have your subscription include the You may find that The Index more famous cumulative Annual Volume, than meets your expectations as a fast published five months after the close and accurate guide to news stories of each year. Only a few copies of the hidden in your files . . . either in The 1959 edition are left. New York Times, in another newspaper, or in the news magazines. Drop a line today to the Library Services Department at the address And don't be surprised if the news below. Your complimentary copy of summaries in The Index are the best the twice-a-month Index will be answer to your need for a streamlined history of events in all areas of mailed as soon as we hear from you. activity. The news is summarized chronologically under alphabetically arranged headings. You find wanted Times Square 36, N~WYork --e-- Outstanding New Prentice-Hall Books for Business and Industry Outstanding New Outstanding New Business Books Technical Books Dynamic Management in Industry Advanced Design by Raymond Villers December $10.00 in Structural Steel by John E. Lothers Read)- $15.00 How to Estimate Building Losses and Construction Costs Computer Logic: the Functional by Par11 I. l'homas September $12.50 Design of Digital Computers by Dr. Ivan Flores October $12.00 How to Manage and Help Salesmen tw Charles 1%.Roth October $4.95 Machine Translation by H. P. Edmundson Ready $5.95 Long Term Financing by John F. Childs Ikcember $12.50 Theory and Application of Ferrites by Ronald F. Soohoo Octolxr 512.00 Personnel: the Human Problems of Management bv George Straass and Leonard Sayles Ready $10.60 Prentice-Hall's lnternational Series in Management The Prentice-Hall Miracle Sales Guide I)y the I'lentice-Hall Editorial Staff Administrative Organization Ready $15.00 by John 5'1. l'liffner and Frank 1'. Sherwood Read! 89.00 Profit Planning for Management by Ronello B. Lewis October $20.00 Executive Decisions and Operations Research Systems Analysis by Ihlid \V. Miller and Martin K. for Business Management Stars Ready $10.00 by Stanford L. Optner Ready $8.00 Planning Production, Taxation of Deferred Employee Inventories and Work Force by Charles C. Holt, John F. htuth. and Executive Compensation Franco Modigliani, and Herbert A. Edited by Henry Sellin December $27.50 Simon November $10.00

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PRENTICE-HALL, Inc. 11.0. BOX 500 Englewood Cliffs, New Jerq SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES Oficial Journal Special Libraries Association

Volume 5 I, NO. 8 CONTENTS OCTOBEK 1960

Technical Correspondence: Control and Retrieval THOMASJ. DEVLINand Through Microfilm and Punch Card Techniques W. T. KING A Microfilming Program for Laboratory Notebooks MEREDITHS. WRIGHT Engineering Drawing Processing System F. M. PARKER Must Library Surveys Be Classics in Statistics WALTERA. KEE Selected List of Annual Buyers' Guide Issues of Business Periodicals RAYMONDE. GNAT The Medical Center Library WILLIAMK. BEATTY The Integrated Hospital Library MRS. BARBARACOE JOHNSON Planning the New Library: The AC Spark Plug Library HAROLDS. SHARP Report on the IFLA Conference WINIFREDSEWELL A Report on the FID Meeting VERNERW. CLAPP

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Convention Papers SLA Professional Award and Hall of Fame Requirements News from SLA Headquarters SLA Sustaining Members

NEWS Have You Heard Spotted Off The Press 4JJ

Editov: MARYL. ALLISON SPECIALLIBRARIES COMMITTEE Assistant Editov: JUSTINEE. WOEHRLE Chairman :MARY BONNAR

SPECIAL LIBRARIES is published bv Special Libraries Association month1 September to April. bimonthly May to bupu~t,at 73 Main Street, ~rattl&oro. Vermont. Editorial 0fi&8: 31 dast 10 St., New York 3, Xew York. 0 Subscriptions: L'. S 85. joreign $7.20; single copies 7Sc. 0 Second class postage paid at Brattleboro. Ver~uorlt. Papers publishLd in SI'~C~ALLIliRARIES erpras the views of the authors and do not represent the opinion or the poliey of the edito~ialstaff or the publishw. Manuscripts submitted for publication must be tftpvd dor~hlpspace on only mp ride of paper and mailed to the editor. 0 Reprints may be ordered immediately before or after publication. @ by Special Libraries Association 1960. INDEXED IN Business Periodicals Index, Public Aflairs Information SeTvice, Libramj Litrrafure, Ilwin~ssMethods Indrr and Library Sripnrr Ahstr,rrts. New reference book fills 14 year gap in government documents classification

DOCUMENTS OFFICE CLASSIFICATION NUMBERS FOR CUTTERED DOCUMENTS, 1910-1924 by Mary Elizabeth Poole and Ella Frances Smith Painstaking accumulation of lists from many sources has resulted in this valuable compilation of numbers for individual documents in Cuttered classes. This work covers the Also by Miss Poole: period between the 1909 Checklist and the time DOC- Documents office classi- uments Office Classification numbers began to be fication to 1958. Ann Ar- listed in the Monthly Catalog. It is in two parts. The bor, Univ. Microfilms, 1958. OP 16 $58.80 first, by Miss Poole, covers A-Y3; the second, by History references from Miss Smith, is from Y4-Y9. Book size is approxi- the Industrial Arts Index, 1913-1957. Ann Arbor, mately 61/2~81/4,bound in cloth, price $25.00 a copy. Univ. Microfilms, 1958 Order now, during publication, for prompt delivery. OP 440 $5.50 Order OP 6268.

UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. 313 N. FIRST STREET, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Technical Correspondence: Control and Retrieval Through Microfilm and Punch Card Techniques

THOMAS J. DEVLIN and W. T. KING, Office and Plant Division Esso Research and Engineering Company, Linden, New Jersey

SURVEY OF FILE activities throughout The second problem was one that plagues A the Esso Research and Engineering many file operations-the fact that incoming Company was made in 1956 as part of an mail is not always returned to the file room operations analysis program. As a result of when circulation has been completed. Some this study, a central technical file was es- file units resorted to a controlled circulation tablished. It originally included files of four system or a log of incoming documents. In research divisions but now provides service these cases the source, title or subject, date to nine divisions through two branch files. and addressee of the material were recorded. Essentially it is a centralized-decentralized This approach would establish the fact that file operation. The file operation is central- a document had not been returned and show ized in terms of location, but the material for the probable distribution. Essentially it could each division is treated as a separate entity. fix responsibility for a missing document, A uniform file classification system provid- but it did not necessarily produce the docu- ing a common link between the files is used. ment or the information it contained. To overcome this problem other units General Considerations filed duplicate copies of incoming material A variety of filing techniques existed and discarded them when the original was among the various units, and several pro- returned. While this is a positive solution, cedural changes were indicated. it can also be an expensive one. It adds a The survey of the use of the various file good deal to the file burden, and as dupli- units indicated that specific documents, rather cates of incoming documents are not always than complete files, satisfied 70 per cent of available, it presents a copying problem. the requests handled. Subject classification We felt that a copy provided the only was the basic method used in organizing file positive protection against loss or non-return material. While this method is ideal for of a document to files but decided to use generic searching, it actually was necessary in microfilming techniques rather than paper- less than 30 per cent of the requests handled. copying processes. This reduces the cost of As a requester could usually supply informa- a copy to a fraction of a cent per page as tion on the source and approximate date of a opposed to five to ten cents per page by other desired document, a method of direct access copying methods. The indexes previously through these reference points, as well as by mentioned carry a reference to both the subject, was highly desirable. A system was original and the microfilm record, thus pro- developed that makes use of simple elec- viding effective access to the microfilm. The tronic business machines to ~rintvarious use of a 3M reader-printer provides paper indexes that give access to material by any copy when required. of the principal points of reference, i.e., source, date or subject. Processing of Incoming Mail --- Incoming mail for the divisions served by Presented before the Metals Division, June 6. 1960, at the 51st SLA Convention in Cleveland, the central technical files is first received by Ohio. the central mail room where it is sorted by OCTOBER 1960 division. Personal or confidential mail and Preparation of the Log Sheet all second and fourth class matter are removed Bibliographic data are recorded on the log and sent directly to the addressee. The re- sheet with a Flexowriter. As the data will mainder is sent to the respective division later be transferred mechanically to IBM mail clerk in the central files. Here the mail cards, entries must be in a form that will is reviewed; material of temporary value is facilitate the transfer. A program tape on the separated out and sent to the addressee. Mail Flexowriter provides automatic tabulation of technical or administrative importance is and also enters machine codes that serve as processed as follows: instructions for the tape-to-card converter. 1. A serial number is assigned to each item. It should be noted that other means of 2. The serial number, date, corporate source, recording this data are available. Direct key- author, addressee, title and subject classifica- punching is a possibility; this approach tion number (if desired) are entered on a would require the separate preparation of a log sheet. printed log sheet. The use of an IBM card- 3. The mail is microfilmed in serial number producing typewriter would provide both the order. cards and the typed list from the same opera- 4. Routing slips are attached, and the mail tion. The choice of equipment depends en- is forwarded to the addressee. tirely upon the characteristics of the application under study. At the end of each day the log sheets are sent to the file clerks for reference work, and Microfilm Operation IBM cards are prepared from the Flexo- Central Technical Files is presently using writer tape through the use of a tape-to-card a Recordak Reliant Microfilmer. The film converter. At the end of each week the mi- size is IGmm, and material is photographed crofilm is sent out for processing and, upon at a 24:l reduction ratio. The film is sent to return, is filed in chronological order in rolls. the Recordak Corporation for processing and, in our particular case, is returned within Serial Number Assignment two days. Mail is received and filmed several The serial number consists of eight digits times a day, and as all divisions use the same that are divided into a three-digit group, microfilm camera, a method for segregating indicating the year and division, and a five- material on the roll is required. We are digit group, representing the accession num- using target sheets (8% x 11 paper targets) ber. As both incoming and outgoing mail are that contain the serial number of the first assigned serial numbers, a means of dis- and last document in the sequence and the tinguishing between these two types of mail date of filming: is required. This is done by assigning incom- 7-12-59 ing mail accession numbers starting with 912-41000 40,000; all numbers under 40,000 are im- 912-41025 mediately recognized as outgoing mail. The components of a typical serial number (912- While we have not consolidated the mi- 41000) for incoming mail are: crofilm of each division's mail into single rolls, this could easily be done by cutting and splicing the film at regular intervals. Access to microfilmed documents is available 1959 Products Research Incoming Letter #lo00 through the various indices. The 3M reader- printer allows screen viewing of the docu- The same pattern applies to serial numbers ments or can prepare paper copies if desired. on outgoing mail, for example (802-1000) : YEAR- DIVISION ACCESSIONNUMBER Tape-to-Card Conversion 8 02 1,000 The data contained in the Flexowriter tape 1958 Tech. Information Outgoing Letter #I000 is transferred to punched cards through the SPECIAL LIBRARIES PROCESSING OF INCOMIWG DOCUMENTS

MICROFILM APPARATUS SUBJECT FILES

FURTHER DISTRIBUTION

Flow Plan of the Processing of Incoming Documents at the Central Technical File.

use of a Systematics, Inc., tape-to-card con- 3. Merge bibliography cards and title cards verter. This machine is attached to an IBM by using an IBM collator. printing keypunch. It consists of a reading 4. Feed merged deck into an IBM 407 tabu- head for the tape and associated electronic lator to print reference list. components that control and operate the keypunch machine. The converter is controlled Essentially the same procedure would be by a plug board that can be used to vary the followed in preparing a listing in any desired conversion program within prescribed limits. order. Because of the limited capacity of the card, it is necessary to use more than one card per Processing of Outgoing Mail document entry. The first card contains all The bibliographic data recorded for out- the bibliographic data except the titles. Each going mail is of the same nature as that re- additional card required contains one line of corded for incoming mail. The difference lies the title and all bibliographic data except the in the techniques of handling the informa- names of the authors and addressee. A set of tion. A stenographer prepares a document cards then consists of the bibliography card description card for each letter typed. The plus an additional card for each line of the IBM cards are prenumbered, thus the serial title. number for a letter is automatically assigned A listing of documents by source is ob- by merely taking a card from the supply. tained in the following manner: The author assigns the file classification num- 1. Sort bibliography cards numerically by ber and subject heading or title. Cards can be source code. processed upon receipt, and listings made in 2. Sort title cards numerically by source any desired order (author, subject, etc.) at code. regular intervals. OCTOBER 1960 File Procedures in the type of equipment chosen. Certain Subject classification is still used for or- items, however, are essential. These are in- ganizing file material. The system employs a dicated by an asterisk. We actually have number code as a shorthand notation for acquired only the first three items specifically subject headings, i.e., 2380-jet fuels. The for file use. The remainder are available use of numbers improves filing efficiency, through our computing center. but their biggest advantage is that they al- Flexowriter-Model SPD Programatic low machine sorting by classification num- Friden Corporation ca. $30001 ber. The classification number is supplied by "Keypunch-IBM 026 Printing Keypunch authors in the case of outgoing mail. It is Monthly Rental ca. $ 70 also available on incoming mail from other Tape-to-Card Converter divisions that use the file classification sys- Systematics, Inc. ca. $2800 tem. In cases where a file classification has *IBM Sorter not been supplied, one is selected by a file "IBM 077 Collator clerk. *IBM 5 14 Reproducer In addition to assigning classification *IBM 407 Tabulator numbers, a file clerk indexes documents using the principles of coordinate indexing. Summary The indexing data is collected on a coding These techniques are not limited to the card. It provides for five indexing terms processing of correspondence. They can also (limited to 12 characters each) plus the be quite useful in the handling of technical serial number, file classification number and reports, papers and journal articles. For ex- a date and author notation. More than one ample, by recording the source, author, title card can be used per document if required, and subject classification of any article, a as long as the document serial number is re- classified list of titles can easily be prepared. peated on each card. The relationship among IBM cards need only be sorted by subject the terms selected from one document can classification number, and a print-out made be maintained by using a common indexing from the selected cards. Source lists and term on all cards. When classification and author lists can be prepared in the same indexing have been completed, the classifica- manner. tion number is entered on the original log This combination of manual and machine sheet, and the material is filed. techniques gives us the desired flexibility in The IBM cards resulting from the index- handling requests. The subject classification ing step are used to form an alphabetic sub- system serves the need for generic searching, ject index by reproducing the original deck while the various indexes provide effective four times. The reproducer board is wired to access to the most active segment of the files. put the contents of field 2 into field 1, field Simple business machines can handle the 3 into field 2, field 4 into field 3, field 5 into present work load effectively. Should the field 4 and finally field 1 into field 5. After card volume reach a point where manipula- each reproduction operation, the cards gen- tion becomes a problem, transfer of the erated become the master deck. As a result, operation to more sophisticated machines is after four passes all the words appear in field entirely feasible. 1 at least once. The decks are then combined, 1. Price will vary, depending upon additional fea- sorted alphabetically and tabulated to print tures that may be desired. the subject listing. The fourth annual celebration of Equipment Used NATIONAL LIBRARY WEEK The equipment used in this operation is will be observed listed below. As pointed out earlier, indi- APRIL 16-22, 1961. vidual situations might cause some variation SPECIAL LIBRARIES A Microfilming Program for Laboratory Notebooks

MEREDITH S. WRIGHT, Librarian, Parma Research Center Union Carbide Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio

HILE THERE ARE numerous special research laboratory notebooks. Such retention W cases, a decision to microfilm records policies do raise a storage problem and invite is usually based upon one or more of the consideration of microfilming to reduce stor- following potentialities: age space requirements. More important than 1. To save labor in current office operations, the solution to a space problem, however, is for example, to substitute for listing or filing the need to secure the record against acci- or to effect some procedural improvement; dental destruction. Notebooks used in a 2. To provide duplication of records by a laboratory are especially vulnerable to acci- low-cost, high-speed technique, which will dental destruction from the hazards that exist substitute for the more usual copying meth- even in the best-kept laboratory-small flash ods such as photostat, either in the initial fires, chemical spillage, minor explosions- collection of data or in the provision of all serving to underline the importance of a multiple copies ; security copy. 3. To save storage space in applications The case of the laboratory notebook is a where the cost of microfilming is less than special one not only because the notebook is the cost of storing the records themselves in a unique record but also because the note- inexpensive record centers or where the need book record of experimental work constitutes for access to the stored records is both fre- the major documentary support for patent quent and immediate; applications. For this reason any microfih- 4. To provide security for valuable records ing program designed to provide a security which are irreplaceable if lost. Usually the copy of a laboratory notebook must take "security" aspect becomes determinative only careful note of the legal status of such copies. when records exist in unique copies. Most Only a lawyer can speak with authority on records do not require security microfilming this problem, and it is essential to secure because they are duplicated in different loca- from the company's legal and patent depart- tions and if lost or destroyed at one location ments a careful statement as to just what is will be preserved in another. needed to insure a legally adequate photographic copy of a unique record. Lewis and Unique Characteristics of Offenhauser* have reviewed this problem in Research Notebooks some detail. As they point out, in a court of The case of the research laboratory note- law the original document itself is the best book is a special one in which the decision to evidence. When these original documents microfilm usually is based almost entirely have been lost or destroyed, secondary evi- upon reason four-the need for a "security" dence can often be introduced to prove their copy. The laboratory notebook is truly a contents, provided, of course, that the orig- unique record, since it exists as the only one inal documents themselves would have been of its kind. For this reason most organiza- competent as primary evidence and also that tions have established policies calling for a proper reason be given for introducing the permanent or very long-term retention of secondary evidence. Before secondary evi-

Presented before the Metals Division, June 6, * LEWIS, Chester M., and OFFENHAUSER.William 1960. at the 51st SLA Convention in Cleveland, H., Jr. Mir~orerording. New York: Interscience, Ohio. 1956. OCTOBER 1960 dence can be admitted, the cause of or mo- and execution of the microfilming program tive for the destruction of the original ma- and the permanent storage of completed terials must be shown. Photographic copies notebooks. are secondary evidence and are admitted as The notebooks, supplied to the library's such. Federal law now admits photographic design specifications, are permanently bound copies of business records on the same level books with an over-all size of 11% x 9% as the originals they replace "if photo- inches, the inside page measuring 11% x 9 graphed in the regular course of business." inches. There are 100 data pages in each For this reason, most organizations in- notebook, plus a title page, tables of con- clude in their filming procedures a "declara- tents and index pages. Page stock is white tion of intent and purpose," tending to ledger, 25 per cent rag, ruled on a quarter- prove that microfilming is a routine opera- inch grid with a light-green ink. All note- tion carried on regularly. The usual form of books are distributed from the library. Each the declaration of intent and purpose makes employee is assigned a permanent reference this point explicitly and should go on to number, and his notebooks are issued to him state that the film is made for the purpose of serially under that number. Thus if John serving in lieu of the original records in Jones is assigned the reference number 38, either of two eventualities: first, if the orig- his notebooks are issued to him serially as inal records should be accidentally lost or 38-1, 38-2 and so on, and a record is kept damaged, or, second, if the original records of numbers out, dates of issue and subjects should be purposefully destroyed as part of covered. References to notebooks in monthly a planned operating procedure expressed in reports or correspondence are made to the writing as a records retention policy. For any full notebook numbers. program such a declaration should be care- While there are no instructions to that fully checked to insure that it meets the re- effect, most notebooks are kept one to a quirements of both the federal government project, and the average technical man uses and the various states. about four notebooks a year. "Suggestions," Recognizing the importance of notebooks, prepared by the library on the best method both as legal and as scientific records, Union of keeping notebook records, are provided in Carbide Corporation has ruled that all cor- each notebook distributed; they include a poration laboratory notebooks are to be note on the microfilming program and also covered by a records retention policy under point out that the books remain the prop- which notebooks will be regularly filmed to erty of the corporation and are to be returned provide security copies. The manner in to the library for permanent filing when they which this program will be carried on is left are no longer in active use. to the discretion of each operating unit. When the practice of microfilming of laboratory notebooks was begun, completed The Role of the Library notebooks were filmed as they were returned Since 1948 a microfilming program has to the library for permanent filing. The re- been in operation for the companies now sults of this practice were not entirely satis- represented at the Parma Research Center. factory, primarily because notebooks were Under the system established here, the tech- held so long by authors that the danger of nical group leaders are responsible for the damage and even loss was unduly large and technical content of the laboratory notebooks, the opportunity to correct effectively any the manner in which they are kept and the omissions in proper witnessing was lost. A practices of signing and witnessing. The li- new schedule was therefore established in brary is responsible for all other aspects of which every technical man's notebooks are the notebook program, including the design called in for filming on a six months' sched- and supply of the notebooks themselves, dis- ule. Any notebooks completed during the tribution to the technical staff, maintenance preceding six months as well as any note- of all necessary records, the establishment books in current use are filmed on this six

SPECIAL LIBRARIES months' date. While slightly more compli- of problems as they arise, eliminating ex- cated record-keeping is required by this new tensive advance preparation. Filming is done schedule, it does provide surer protection on Saturdays when notebooks are normally against possible loss or damage since the not in use, and the notebooks themselves are periods between filmings are short; it also never handled by outsiders. Returned rolls encourages more prompt signing and wit- of film undergo a frame-by-frame inspection, nessing of important pages. The filming it- and since this inspection is carried out by self is done on Saturday mornings, and the the persons who not only will have to use schedule is maintained by filming about 20 the record but who also are directly respon- notebooks each week, normally a two- to sible for its creation, the inspectors have a three-hour job. decidedly personal interest in the film and This kind of a filming schedule is possible much more rigorous standards are applied. primarily because microfilming equipment Under the filming schedule now in use, at is available in the library. The initial note- the beginning of the week individuals are book filming of completed books was done notified which notebooks are to be filmed on bv an outside service on a contract basis. This the following Saturday and are requested to proved only partly satisfactory. Since the rec- bring these notebooks to the library on Fri- ords were of a confidential nature, there was day afternoon. The notebooks are then some resistance to having them handled by checked by a member of the library staff, in outsiders. The preparation of books for film- cooperation with their owners, to make cer- ing had to be done much more painstakingly, tain that the books are in condition for film- since the filming was to be done by an out- ing. In particular a check is made to insure sider who could not exercise individual that significant pages have been signed and judgments to solve problems as they arose witnessed, that loose sheets containing pri- during filming. Finally, the inspection of mary data are properly identified and at- the completed film presented difficulties. We tached and that no additions or corrections felt it necessary to conduct a rigorous frame- have been made to pages that have been by-frame ins~ectionof the ~rocessedfilms. filmed previously. Loose sheets containing Since such frame-by-frame inspection is the secondary data are removed and returned to most time-consuming and expensive step in the owner. the entire microfiiming hogram, there After the notebooks have been checked, seemed little to be gained in having it car- the necessary roll records are prepared and ried out by an outside service and repeated assembled in order for filming. The standard by the library staff. procedure requires the following sequence, Because of this and because our total mi- all targets being prepared with block letters crofilming program had developed to a point about one inch high so that their microfilm that justified purchase of our own equipment images can be read without magnification : at the Center. it seemed that a more satisfac- 1. A roll-namber target. The first roll of tory job of laboratory notebook microfilming film covering laboratory notebooks is desig- could be obtained by doing it ourselves. nated LN-1, and succeeding rolls are num- bered in serial order. Present Procedures 2. A name target, showing the company, Since 1950 we have done all our own the location and the name of the record. microfilming using l6mm film and a flat-bed 3. The declavatiou of jnte?zt and purpo~e, camera at a reduction ratio of 2 1 :1. The discussed earlier. availability of equipment on the premises 4. The microfilm roll vecord, showing the allows a continuing filming program sched- contents of the roll and indicating the index uled to our convenience. Since the filming is points. Index points are filmed about every done by a member of the library staff, judg- 10 feet or, if possible, at the beginning of ment can be exercised by the operator during each new set of notebooks to facilitate find- filming, and this permits intelligent handling ing on the completed roll.

OCTOBER 1960 5. I72de.v pozat I, a large block number tar- brary's point of view, however, it has an get. Index point targets are always preceded important side effect. The laboratory worker pdfollowed by three blank spaces to insure tends to keep his notebook record in a per- that the index point will stand out in the sonal style. Notebook instructions suggest finished film. that the record should yield the complete 6. The laboratory fzotebook cozier and title story of every experiment in such detail that Page. it can be repeated and properly understood 7. The notebook pages. without interpretation many years later, but After filming the notebook pages, the op- this is an ideal not easily achieved. erator spaces three, films index point 2, Awareness by the laboratory workers that spaces three and continues from step six their notebooks are being filmed and for- above. At the end of the roll, the roll record warded to a corporation center for retention target is signed by the camera operator and has had a salutary effect on the records them- refilmed. selves. Signing and witnessing is carried out When the film is returned from process- more systematically. Personal data has ing, the operator carries out a frame-by- tended to disappear from the notebooks, frame inspection, noting on the appropriate making the resulting record more profes- roll record sheet any corrections or retakes sional. The use of individual green, purpIe necessary. These corrections, retakes and the and red inks is declining in favor of the less roll record sheets are then refilmed at in- spectacular but more photogenic blacks. The library's practice of calling in the notebook tervals as correction reels LN-C-1, 2 and so on. keeper to check poor results on the film has Negative microfilm rolls are stored at the further encouraged more attention to the corporation's records center in Vermont. condition of the original record, and the Here the film is held under optimum condi- cooperation of the bench worker in the film- tions at humidities between 40 and 50 per ing program is becoming increasingly more cent and temperatures between 60 and 80°F, active. Such cooperation is, of course, es- in a fireproof, air-conditioned vault. Because sential to the provision of satisfactory rec- the negative film is intended to serve pri- orda, and our filming program is contribut- marily as a security copy to insure availability ing effectively in this direction. of the record should the original be lost or AUTHOR'SNOTE: The author gratefully acknowl- damaged, a positive film is regularly pre- edges the assistance of Wilma Street of the li- pared from the processed negative. These brary staff, who has been responsible for most of positive copies are held at the Parma Re- the microfilming under this program. search Center as reference copies for use at the laboratory. Since the notebooks themselves are still being held in permanent stor- ELECTRONIC RETRIEVAL OF LEGAL DATA age and are available for consultation in the An International Business Machine 650 data original, present use of the positive film is processing system that locates legal informa- slight. When the original notebooks are de- tion in record time was previewed at a dem- stroyed under the records retention policy onstration conducted by the University of or should they be removed to a less conven- Pittsburgh's Health Law Center and the ient Iocation so that use of the positive film American Bar Association prior to being increases, it is expected that the positive rolls presented to members of the Association's will be cut up and the film strips filed in convention in August. The electronic "law transparent envelopes by notebook number library" searched for, found and printed out, to increase ease of reference. upon request, the full text of laws from The notebook filming program described various states on health and hospitals. In meets the objective set by management of another demonstration at IBM headquarters, providing a security copy of a unique and laws in the patent design field were retrieved irreplaceable primary record. From the li- with a RAMAC 305.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Engineering Drawing Processing System

F. M. PARKER, OfFice Systems and Services Section Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

HE NAME Westing- Prior to July 1958, a print of an engineer- T house is undoubtedly ing drawing was obtained by pulling the familiar to everyone. original translucent tracing and placing it What may not be so ap- on a piece of light-sensitive paper; the com- parent is why anyone bination was run through a machine that from Westinghouse projected light through the tracing to the should speak on a pro- paper and then fixed the image to prevent gram entitled "Information Control and Re- deterioration from additional exposure to trieval Through Microfilm and Punched Card light. Multiple copies were obtained by re-

Techniques." It is simply&. this: at the East peating the machine processing, after which ~ittsburghDivision requests for prints of en- the tracing was refiled. This repetitive han- gineering drawings are processed from work- dling was hard on tracings and forced us to ing microfilm. The only function of an engi- use expensive cloth. In addition, the tracings neering tracing is as an intermediate in the were large and awkward and required a preparation of microfilm whenever a tracing great amount of filing and handling effort. is Ereated or changed. But this is not the In an industrial activity such as Westing- complete story. Working microfilms are used house's, the creation or change of an engi- to considerable advantage in the creation of neering tracing generates not only many some new or changed engineering tracings. requests for prints, not all of which can be The microfilming of engineering drawings anticipated, but also the necessity for further might be a relatively simple accomplishment changes in the tracing itself. Because of this, in a small, new operation, but East Pitts- a tracing was frequently not on file when it burgh is the "parent" division of the cor- was most needed and, in order to know poration, from which most other Westing- whether it was out a short time for prints or house divisions have sprung. Its products an indefinite period for change, a laborious range from giant custom-built generators, tracing charge-out system was required. This motors, circuit breakers and switchgear con- system introduced still another source of trol apparatus down to small, mass-produced clerical error, resulting in a complicated, fuses and porcelains. There are approxi- spasmodic work-flow. An excessive amount mately 14,000 employees, including almost a of the time of skilled technicians was re- thousand engineers and draftsmen organized quired merely to pinpoint the most fruitful areas for thorough searching. With several into seven different I~roduct deeartments.I Annually more than 30,000 new tracings are thousand tracings being handled each day, prepared, and twice that number are revised ; filing errors were inevitable, and locating a daily 2,000 requests for more than 10,000 misplaced tracing was a major project. prints are processed. From a librarian's view- point, it may be interesting to note that we Reasons for Automated System are able to make a print from microfilm of Westinghouse's decision to automate its any engineering tracing in existence when engineering drawing processing system at its the microfilming program was started in main plant was based on three fundamental 1941, including all subsequent changes up considerations. First came economy-the to the present time. substitution of tracing paper for tracing cloth, impressive reductions in floor space Presented before the Metals Division, June 6, 1960, at the 51st SLA Convention in Cleveland, nnd personnel, and savings in materials and Ohio. supplies all made the change attractive.

OCTOBER 1960 The second consideration was service. The numbering in the hundreds of thousands. It advantages in ease and speed of handling represents a major challenge in the organiza- aperture cards instead of cumbersome trac- tion and classification of detailed human ings are rather obvious. A less apparent but knowledge; the solution will not be easy, very important advantage is that aperture but I feel it will be most worthwhile. cards are available for making prints after the tracings have been pulled from the files Operation of System for changes. Of course, there are safeguards Under our automated drawing processing which provide for flagging those aperture system, engineering drawings are traced on cards of tracings where contemplated changes high-grade paper instead of cloth, at a sav- will affect current as well as subsequent pro- ings of $50,000 a year. Tracings are photo- duction. The aperture card is always available for printmaking unless it is out of file graphed under a planetary camera equipped for prints on an earlier request. This leads with a back-lighted copyboard. Backlighting to a little recognized but important rule in is necessary because of the wide range of the administration of an automated drawing originals and reproducibles contained in our processing system: the shorter the time cycle existing system, some of which actually have between the pulling and refiling of the the image on the underside of the tracing aperture cards-as long as they are in groups medium. This was acceptable under the pre- large enough to comprise efficient machine vious system because the light burned through runs-the better the system is going to op- the tracing to the sensitized paper; without erate. Thus, efficient operation leads to backlighting, however, the camera records shorter time cycles and, therefore, better only what is on the front of the tracing. print service. Early in the conversion process the prac- The third fundamental consideration in tical, though challenging, policy that the choosing to automate the drawing processing new system must do everything the old one system-and this one undoubtedly bears did was adopted; our savings would not be most directly on the librarians' field-is the dissipated by costly retracing to conform to ability to code, in accessible form, engineer- special requirements attending the new proc- ing design information. This step has such ess. The addition of backlighting to solve potential that it may easily dwarf the pre- one problem created another, however, not vious two considerations. The purpose of entirely unlike shooting into the sun with a such coding is to aid the engineer in his home camera. We have experimented with design problems by electro-mechanically several masking devices to prevent back- sorting out, in readily viewable form, all lighting beyond the tracing itself from hit- previous solutions to similar problems. Un- ting the camera lens. We appear to have fortunately we have not developed this po- arrived at a satisfactory solution for the tentiality in our system, but we have pro- present with a sprocket and chain controlled vided IBM card columns to accomplish this opaque mask. I believe, however, the even- after our classification system is developed. tual solution to this problem will be through For anyone who is interested in ideas and the application of the principles of polarized details in this area, I would suggest he study lighting. the description of the Brish system contained After a tracing is photographed, one print in H. H. Maynard's It~dust~ialEngineering is made by the old method and the tracing Handbook (McGraw-Hill, 1956). This is is filed until such time as it is needed for one of a number of systems that have been revision. The print is used to initiate shop devised to categorize engineering drawings routing and manufacturing information so so that efforts to locate parts similar to those that they will be in parallel with the twice- currently under design consideration are re- daily film processing, card punching and duced to a minimum. As librarians will be amalgamation into finished aperture cards. quick to recognize, this is a mammoth proj- The finished aperture cards are machine- ect for a large company with active drawings sorted into alpha-numeric order, matched SPECIAL LIBRARIES with corresponding requisitions generated of handling punched aperture cards instead by the previously mentioned conventional of tracings and their availability while the print, broken down by size and quantity and tracings are being changed are definite ad- fed into a Haloid-Xerox Copyflo@ 24 elec- vantages. Some benefits are derived from the trostatic printing machine. punched card coding potential as we punch Within this machine, light is projected a four-digit engineering product code, which through the negative film image onto a nega- is used every day to segregate the file copies tively-charged selenium-coated drum. The for the various engineering sections. Much light dissipates the charge on those areas of remains to be done, however, to realize the the drum which it strikes; a negatively- full potential usefulness of coding engineer- charged dry ink or "toner" cascaded over ing design information. the drum adheres only in the discharged This, I hope, gives a fairly complete pic- areas. As ordinary paper is rolled against ture of how our engineering drawings are the ink-coated drum, a positive charge is processed, although I have not mentioned our applied behind the paper, causing the ink camera reduction ratios, which are designed to transfer to the paper. Heat is then applied to produce a standard-size product regard- to the ink and paper, causing the ink to melt less of the odd sizes of the originals, or the and bake into the paper, thus forming a captive film processing, which minimizes the permanent image. The prints emerge from delay inherent in a precision microfilming the machine, are automatically cut to the program, or our approach to the problem of proper size and are stacked in a receiving what drawings to microfilm, which resulted tray. They are then run through a folding in an uncluttered, though complete, file. machine and matched with the original requisitions, which become the mailing labels Future Potentials of Microfilm to dispense the prints. Based on my experiences I should like to The aperture cards are ejected from the offer the following observations and sugges- machine, sorted electromechanically into al- tions regarding microfilm and its use in the pha-numeric order and reinserted in the library. First, I question the advisability of master file to await the arrival of the next unitizing library microfilm records, at least requisition. A reduction in the number of on a single card basis. Aperture cards cost requisitions received per day is an interesting approximately fours cents each, and this by-product of the system. Quite frequently cost alone would seldom be justified in li- the information needed from a print is most brary circles. Other "cards," some consisting readily available in aperture card form. When entirely of sensitized film, are available, but these broaden the a~plicationonlv a little. the tracing is on the camera copyboard, two L L exposures are made; the second of these is Because of the nature of library materials sent to the engineering section where it is and demand, it seems to me that the most most frequently needed for reference. When fruitful field is roll microfilm coupled with information is desired, the card is removed adequate reference projection and print-out from file, inserted in a viewer and the in- facilities. In my opinion, the frequent usage formation read from the projection screen, that would justify aperture cards would be thus eliminating the necessity for, and the satisfied more logically by a print-out. The delay of, ordering a print. chief problem with roll microfilm is proper The three fundamental considerations $re indexing ; reference materials on microfilm being justified daily at the East Pittsburgh without an accompanying card catalog would, works. Substantial economies are being real- in most instances, add frustration to use- ized through the substitution of paper for lessness. I do not minimize the complexity of cloth as a tracing medium and the reduction this task. of floor space and personnel; the costs of A microfilm program is expensive, and materials and supplies, particularly those the costs must be spread over many copies connected with the Copyflo electrostatic and multiple usage for it to be economically printers, are disappointingly high. The ease justified. Yet the advantages in space con- OCTOBER 1960 servation and the protection of valuable American Library Association and the Na- originals while permitting ready reference tional Microfilm Association would be ac- to their contents preclude brushing it aside. tive, even anxious, participants. The com- A logical solution among many possibilities panies producing equipment would welcome would seem to be the use of centralized serv- such a coordinated effort and would cooper- ice organizations to select the suitable sub- ate fully. Such an effort is not without dan- j ects for microfilming, perform the necessary gers, however; the microfilm, projection and technical functions and disseminate the fin- print-out equipments are in rapid stages of ished product. The easy portion of this task development at the present time. New films, is performing the necessary technical func- finer viewers, better projectors and improved tions. The other components are vastly more printers at lower prices are almost monthly complex, and I am aware of no available developments. commercial organization to discharge them. Earlier this year General Electric described The basic need is organizational; the a new information-recording system it calls techniques are available, the dangers of ex- thermoplastic recording or TPR. Though pensive duplication of effort are appalling, still in development, this system potentially the need is fundamental to the advance of combines the processing speed of magnetic human knowledge and the challenge is real. recording and the storage capacity of photog- The result of tremendous expenditures of raphy in the form of microscopic wrinkles money and time in misdirected efforts could on plastic tape. In principle, the announce- be chaos; but the successful attainment of ment stated, TPR could record all 24 vol- well-considered goals should result in an- umes of the E~zcyclopaedia Britannira on a other large step forward for librarians every- reel the size of a spool of thread, taking only where. Economic considerations might favor a minute to record each volume. strategically located master files from which This, then, is the enigmatic picture facing microfilm copies or positive print-outs, made us today. We cannot ignore it or wish it in a matter of minutes, would be dispatched away. Fortunately the problem breaks down to member libraries. Ultimately of course, into segments that can be attacked somewhat this would progress to wired, or even wire- independently. If librarians can agree as a less, facsimile transmission. coordinated group on satisfactory solutions If the Special Libraries Association were to their portions of the problem, techniques to undertake this project, or even to initiate are available, and are constantly being im- a joint effort in this field, I am sure the proved, to satisfy the demand.

CONVENTIQN PAPERS In addition to the five Convention papers appearing in this issue, the following Con- vention items will be published as complete articles, extracts or revisions in future issues of Special Librarie~.This list may not be complete, since as of September 15 several papers still had not been received for evaluation by the Special Libraries Com- mittee.

APPLICATION^ OF MACHINESTO LIBRARYTECH- HOWE,Robert J. The SLA Personnel Survey: Its NIQUES, papers by Marjorie Griffin, Anne Mc- Value to Management. Cann, William Richardson and Chris Stevenson. LOWRY,W. Kenneth. Some Functions, Interac- BLAIR, Keith G. Engineering Library Bulletin: tions and Problems of Communication. Human Factors Considerations. RAPPAPORT, Philip. Union Lists: A Case Study in BURNESS,Jack. Some of the Areas in which Meeting Mutual Local Needs. Standards Could be Formulated for a Ncws- RAREBOOKS AND SPECIALMATERIAL IN MUSEUM paper Library. LIBRARIES,papers by Mrs. Frances Joan Brewer, GUY,Dr. Albert G. Sources of Metallurgical Lit- Miriam L. Lesley. Ruth A. Sparrow and Mrs. erature in the Soviet Union. Elizabeth R. Usher. WARHEIT,Dr. I. A. The Principles of Computer Operation 432 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Must Library Surveys Be Classics in Statistics?

WALTER A. KEE, Formerly Chief Librarian, Library and Documents Section The Martin Company, Baltimore, Maryland

HERE HAVE BEEN 2. Leave space after each question for com- T many articles written ments so that personnel surveyed can amplify on the necessity for com- their evaluations. posing all surveys as care- 3. Send the survey to a random sample of fully as though one were the actual library users. preparing a psychological We felt the last rule was particularly im- test or a national survey portant. Since the library serves all company to determine a 'nation's personnel, a sampling from all departments attitudes towards going to war. Such a con- and from all levels of employment was most cept is, in my opinion, nonsense. It has desirable. frightened many librarians from conduct- We found about 3000 names on our list ing a survey of their clientele to determine of users and arbitrarily decided to send the users' feelings towards the library's services. survey to about 15 per cent. Because this list A survey prepared with a certain amount of is arranged in alphabetical order, it was easy care, imperfect though it may be, is an in- to pick every seventh name, totaling 430. In valuable tool for every librarian. checking through a random sample of per-, I shall describe how we prepared a survey sons chosen, we decided our aim of contact- of our library operations and the results re- ing all departments and all levels of tech- ceived from it. We do not claim that this nical employment had been accomplished. survey is expert since we are all rank ama- No attempt was made to arrange an exact teurs, but we do know that many benefits statistical sample in which each department accrued to both the library staff and its dnd level of employment was proportionately clientele. represented; this seemed unnecessary. The next step was to prepare the questions Preparation of the Survey -the most difficult part of the problem. The staff of the Library and Documents Questions concerning the services currently: Section decided to conduct a survey because being performed were listed first, next we it had been through three years of physical added those concerning the proposed phys- rearrangement, a consolidation of many in- ical rearrangements, and finally we included formation units into one unit, many pro- some queries about the additional services we cedural changes and a rapid expansion of its hoped to be able to provide for our clientele. collection. We sincerely wanted to discover We worked long and hard on the questions, our clientele's reactions to these events. As a trying to word them so that they said what first step three basic rules were evolved and we meant them to say, while presenting the established as the ground rules. facts in unbiased language. 1. Write each question as clearly as possible. The Survey Paper presented before the Science-Technology Division, June 2, 1959, at the 50th SLA Conven- Here are the questions included in the tion in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Since giving survey and a summary of the results and this paper, Mr. Kee has joined the Library Branch comments. Answers were received from 70 of the Technical Information Services, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Grrmantown, Mary- per cent of the random sample. This repre- land. sents ten per cent of the library's users and is OCTOBER 1960 43 3 certainly a large enough sample to indicate 2. Microfilm (which can be reproduced) is: sati~- that the answers are reliable or at least in- factory, 86% ; urrsrrtisfactory. 14%. 3. I believe more accent should be placed on the dicate a trend in users' opinions. following type(s) of data (i.e. reports, books, etc. -list all types). SURVEY OF LIBRARY AND DOCUMENTS 4. I believe that more emphasis should be placed on the following subject categories (list them). SECTION OPERATIONS 5. We are working toward consolidating the en- ORDERING tire collection of data (technical orders, specifica- How do you feel about the services we perform in tions, manuals, etc.) into the library area. Would acquiring the various materials listed below- such an arrangement be: helpful, 82%; mnke no realizing, of course, that when ordering reports, diffevei2cej 14% ; u,ork n hn~dship,4v,. technical orders and military specifications we 6. Reproduction equipment in the library which have to go through "channels?" would enable you to make a fast copy of a few pages from a bound volume would be: very ure- ful, 84% ; useful, 15% ; not helpful, 1%. Books 69% 16% 15% Commeizts: About 15 per cent of the personnel be- Journals 6670 18% 16% lieved the book collection was the area which Reports 61% 20% 19% needed improving most, while 45 per cent felt we should concentrate on the journal collection. Technical orders 61% 22% 17% These comments were received in spite of the fact Military specifications 64% 21% 15% that we have been buying both books and journals Average 64% 19 17% rather heavily for three years. Most of the men did admit there had been a big improvement over Comments: The main complaint concerned the this span of time but much remained to be done amount of time required to obtain military re- before we would have an adequate collection. ports; however, many of the personnel mentioned The subject areas, in rank order, which the they realized military channels were the main men felt needed strengthening were electronics, cause of delay. Two suggestions were made which physics, mathematics, mechanical engineering and we are attempting to carry out: I) to set up a engineering mechanics and materials. better follow-up system on reports the library or- The personnel also stated that the various sec- ders; 2) to have the library staff actively order tions of our collection, books, journals, reference reports felt to be applicable to the company's pro- books, NASA reports, etc., were not identified gram without waiting for a user to place a specific clearly enough for them to find the material they request. needed quickly. CATALOGING We catalog all material by source, author, title We will shortly go through a physical rearrange- and subject to help you to find any data related to ment of our facility to provide a better reading your problem. room. 1. When I use the catalog, I can: genelally, 63%; 1. Would individual study carrels be: pre/er.ablc. sometimes, 31%; seldom, 6%; find the data I 56%; makes no difference. 40r/@; be less useful, need. 4% ; than the present tables. 2. I believe the difficulty lies chiefly with: iu- 2. Would a partition closing off the reading room- crdequncy of the catalog, 14%; my urzfamilarity unclassified stack area from the charge desk area, with the catalog, 46%; both factors, 40%. be: helpful. 64%; mikes no difference, 3370; be Comments: The main complaints were that the disad7~uiztageous,3%. catalog did not have a detailed enough subject 3. Would a classified reading room where you breakdown and some type of a handout outlining could read classified material without charging it the organization of the catalog for the uscrs was out be: helpful. 92%; tiot very helpful. 7%; not needed. at all helpful, 1YO. Comments: A large percentage of the men com- COLLECTION mented on the confusion and noise that now ex- The library has been making a determined effort ists in the combined reading room-circulation area. to improve both the quality and quantity of our They felt a separate reading room was a must. collection of books, journals and reports. To con- Also, they were enthusiastic about a classified read- serve space and still have the material available, ing room which would enable them to read classi- we have acquired some material on microfilm. Of fied documents without charging them out. Access course, with Xerox Copyflow and our microfilm to this area would be controlled from behind the reader-printer, we can make full size copies of this circulation desk. material available to personnel. 1. I believe the collection is: good, 40%; fair, 50% ; inudequate, 10%. 1. In general, is the service you receive in ob- SPECIAL LIBRARIES taining classified material (reports) : good, 75% ; Comments: The users stressed their need for an dequate, 21% ; poor, 4%. index to ASTIA reports and for literature research 3. Is the library personnel: cooperatit'e, 96%; personnel to help with technical problems. fairly cooperatiue, 4% ; uncooperative, O$%. 3. Is the new charge-out system: better, 76%; no change, 19qC; more inconvenient, 5qG;than our As you know, the Library and Documents Section former system. is charged with the responsibility for distributing 4. Is our interlibrary loan system: adequate, 80% ; all data to the military customers. !&'. 177~; inadequate, 3%. 1. Do you find our service in distributing reports: 5. As you know, the 30-day loan system for classi- good, 53% ; adequate, 41% ; poor, 6%. fied reports has been imposed upon us by military 2. We also distribute technical orders, military security. The loan period for unclassified data has specifications, Martin specifications and similar been set up to keep information readily available publications, both internally and to field personnel. to everyone. Do you believe the loan system: Do you find this service: good, 54% ; adequate, helps, 72%; hindenr, 22% ; makes no difference, 41%; poor, 5%. 6% ; to your work. 3. Revisions to a number of engineering manuals Comments: The new charge-out system mentioned are distributed by our section. Is the present sys- is a modified Gaylord book-charging system, which tem: good, 49% ; adequate, 45% ; poor, 6%. enables us to save ourselves and users a lot of Comments: The library very recently was given time in charging and uncharging materials. Since the responsibility for the complete handling of we are charging out about 5000 items a month, technical orders and for transmitting all technical the time-saving is considerable. data to our military customers and to our field An interesting and rather surprising comment representatives. Previously these functions were received from many users was to the effect that performed in many areas throughout the company. our 30-day loan system, with indefinite renewals, We have had problems of obtaining schedules for was not strict enough. They asked that we limit the release of data, of a large percentage of data the number of renewals and recall items more being received at the last minute, of learning all promptly. the military's procedures for transmitting data and REFERENCE of training our personnel. 1. When you come in with a reference question In spite of these facts, most of the personnel do you find the library staff: able to help you, felt that we were doing a good or adequate job. Some general comments were made to the effect 63%; sometimes able to help, 36%; seldom help- that the library had improved several 100 per cent ful, 1%. in the last few years and that we have done a good 2. Do you find the reference collection (hand- job with our limited facilities. books, reference sets, indexes, etc.): adequate, 45 70 ; fair, 48% ; inadequate, 7%. 3. The library is attempting to work out a pro- Results cedure for providing a cumulative index to all We believe that there were many beneficial military reports. When the system is devised, we results obtained from this survey: plan to submit a proposal to management. Would such a cumulative index be: z'ery useful, 60%; 1. We had to sit down and think through useful, 39%; not very useful, 1%. our operations. It helped to clarify our 4. The library has obtained permission to hire thinking. l~teratureresearch personnel-these will be tech- 2. It gave us a better idea of users' feelings nical people who specialize in literature work. Their mission will be to perform extensive litera- towards the library's services and of their ture searches, to prepare bibliographies, to answer needs and desires. involved reference questions and to work closely 3, It had a good psychological effect on with personnel to help them keep abreast of the users and the technical personnel in general. state-of-the-art in their field of interest. Will such They felt they were contributing to our ac- a service be: ueyj useful, 59%; useful. 27%; not very useful, 14%. tivity, and it made them more aware of our 5. The library has been issuing a monthly addi- operation. tions list giving new books and reports. 4. It brought our operation to the attention I) Do you find this publication: helpful, 81%; of management. We were asked to submit an fairly helpful, 14% ; not helpful, 5%. 2) Is the subject category breakdown: good, 46%; over-all program of physical, organizational adequate, 43% ; needs further breakdown, 11%. and functional plans. The statistics we were 6. Would a monthly publication which lists the able to quote helped to back up our sug- contents of all major journals in the field of aero- gested changes. Requests we have made ro nautical and space engineering and science be: very helpful, 47%; helpful, 32%; of little help. management over the past few months have 21%; to been ear-marked as part of our long-range OCTOBER 1960 plan. As a result we have made better prog- Material can be recalled after the first 30- ress in having plans accepted. day period if it is needed by another person. Here are some of the changes we have 6. Improved internal control on distributing instituted: technical data to the customer and having 1. Rearranged the library into a separate much more complete schedules of data to be reading room, classified reading room, mi- transmitted to the military submitted to us. crofilm reading room and obtained shelving 7. Placed more index cards in catalog to with locked doors to replace the file cabinets give a more detailed breakdown and provided for storing classified reports. hanging signs to lead the men to the various 2. Obtained a 3M microfilm reader-printer parts of the collection and a Thermo-Fax book copier. 8. Studying methods of providing our own 3. Consolidated all library-type functions cumulatjve index to ASTIA reports. into the library and placed all distribution Although our survey was nit a model of functions in our technical data center. We construction and ignored many have acquired new space to enable us to move of the precepts of statistics, it did perform all technical data center personnel into one the function required of it. The library staff area and to provide a supplementary storage obtained a good idea of users' feelings and area for bulk quantities of documents. acquired a good tool to help sell its pro- 4. Have acquired study carrels for use in the gram to management. library. - We recommend that other librarians try 5. Set up a 30-day loan period on all ma- it. We are convinced that surveys pay divi- terial with only one 30-day renewal period. dends. Selected List of Annual Buyers' Guide Issues of Business Periodicals RAYMOND E. GNAT, Librarian II Milwaukee Public Library, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

HERE IS THE Harwood Plywood Institute located? What is the address of the Largent Electronics w Company? Who manufactures Rigid-Tex metal for the building industry? The seal-ch for manufacturers' addresses, locations of institutes and the identification of trade names ranks high in the duties of many industrial and business librarians. The following list of buyers' guides, published as special issues of trade magazines, is offered as an aid in continuing the search after the general and better-known reference tools have been checked to no avail. This list may well be a companion to the Selected List of Annual "Statistical" or "Review" Issues of Business Periodicals, prepared by Donald T. Clark (Speciul Libraries, vol. 36, no. 9, November 1945, p. 447-50) and later revised and issued as Reference List no. 9, Baker Library (Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration, Novernber 1954). The time of publication is approximate since dates vary from year to year. The price of the special issue is indicated in case the buyers' guide is desired without subscribing to the entire magazine. The following sources may be used for ordering special directory issues of magazines. The most familiar sources are Ulrirh's Periodicul~ Directory (9th ed., Eileen C. Graves, ed. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1959), a classified guide to a selected list of current periodicals, foreign and domestic, and N. W. Ayer & Son's Directorjl of Neu,spupers and Periodicrrlr, 1960 (Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer & Son, Inc. ) . A valuable and up-to-date source of current directories, which features an excellent subject arrangement, is the Guide to American Directories for Conzpili>lR Mailing Lirts, 1918 (New York, 27 East 22nd Street: B. Klein & Co., $15). Distribz~tio~iDatd Guide. published monthly by the Superintendent of Documents (Washington 25, D. C.: Government Printing Office, $2 a year) is a highly recommended source for new publications, which are listed under the headings 1) Publishing Companies-Directories and Market Guides and 2) Publishing Companies-Periodicals: Special Re- ports. An excellent index, published twice a year, greatly facilitates the use of this publication. 112- 436 SPECIAL LIBRARIES dustrial Marketing: 39th Annual Market Data & Directory Number, lane 25, 1959 (Chicago, 200 South Illinois Street: Advertising Publications Inc., $3) lists in its Business Reference Publications Index the outstanding business reference publications in 72 major industries. Other sources are Busines.r Publications Rates and Data, published monthly by Standard Rate and Data Service, Inc., md the Public Affairs Information ser;ice8s Bulletinl.

AP- PROX. PRICE A Agent & Representative Directory of MANA Members July $5.00 American Artisan (heating and Directory and Show Number January 1.50 air conditioning) American Artist Directory January .60 Ameriran Brewer Regi-ter & Brewery Buyers' Guide December 1.50 Amerizuiz Builder Buyers' Guide: "What to use, How to April 2 .oo use it, Who makes it" Directory: Management Consultants and February 5.00 Business Services (part 2 ) American Ce~umicSociety. Membership Roster October w/sub Bulletin Ame~icunExporter Buyers' Guide to United States January 1.oo Export Products Buyer's Guide July 1.oo American ~lar;'~e?iiew Directory January 2.00 ALA Bulletin Guide to Library Equipment and Supplies July/August .25 American Lumberman and Build- Dealer Products File January 2.00 inn Products Merchandiser ~mericunMachinist Buyers' Guide September 1.50 American Re.rtaurant Convention May, 3.00 American Soft Drink Journal Blue Book Aprll .50 Art Material Trade News Directory of Art and Craft Materials December .50 Automotizze Indusiries Products Guide December .50 Automotice News Almanac: Review and Reference April 2.50 Aviation Week Buyers' Guide December 3.00 Baking Industry Buying Directory February 1.oo Boot aud Shoe Recorder Brand Names Guide and December w/sub Trade Mark Directory (part 2) Brewer.: Digest Buyers' Guide and Directory January 2.00 Brushupare Brushware Buyers' Guide June 1.oo Building Specialties and Home Manual and Directory December .35 Improz~ementDealer Building Supply News Dealers' and Jobbers Directory February 2.00 Business Screen Magazine Production Review February 2.00 Camping Magazine Reference and Buying Guide March 2.00 Chemical Week Buyers' Guide September w/sub China. Glass and Tablewares Redbook Directory May 1.50 Coal Age Mining Guidebook and Buying Directory July 1.00 Computers and Automation Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide June .50 Constructor American General Contractors Directory July 2.00 Craft, Model and Hobby Industry Hobby Directory and Reference Bible February w/sub Crockery and Glass Journal Directory Number May 1.oo Distribution Age Directory (Warehousing) February 4.00 Electrical West Manufacturers Directory April .50 Electronic Industries Verified Directorv and All-reference June 5.00 Electronics Buyers' Guide June 3.00 Engineering and Mining Journal Guide Book and Buying. - Guide June 1.00 Fam Implement News Buyers' Guide April 1.oo Flooring Directory and Catalog November .35 Food Pucker Buyers' Guide and Reference October .2 5 Fueloil and Oil Heat Buyers' Guide and Industry Directory May 1.oo Fun-rpot (amusement) Market Analysis and Directory February .50 Furniture and Furnishings Buyers' Guide and Directory July 2.00 Furniture Retailer Annual Directory March 1.00 Garden Supply Merchandiser Green Book Buyers' Guide December 1.00 Gift and Art Buyer Directory August w/sub Giftzuare.r Buyers' Guide and Reference August 1.oo Hardwilre Age Who Makes It July 2.00

OCTOBER 1960 437 PERIODICAL TITLEOF SPECIALISSUE Heating and Air Conditioning Annual Buyers' Guide January 2.00 Contractor Heating and Gus Appliance Gas Appliance and Accessories Buyers' September 1.00 Merchandising Guide Heating, Piping and Air Directory and Show Number January 2.00 Conditioning Ho~pitah Hospital Administrators Guide August 1.50 Housewares Review Buyers' Guide and Directory August 1.00 Implemelzt and Tractor Product File March 1.00 Industrial Distribution Marketing and Products December 1.00 Industrial Marketing Market Data and Directory June 1.50 Inland and American Printer and Annual Directory December 1 .00 Lithographer Instvument and Automation Handbook and Buyers' Guide October 1.00 Instrumenls and Control Systems Buyers' Guide October w/sub Jobber Topic5 Annual Reference and Directory November 5.00 Juvenile Merchandising Directory October 1.00 LP Gas Buyers' Guide and Directory February 1.00 Linens and Domestics Buyers' Guide December 1.00 Manufacturing Confectioner with Buyers' Guide July .75 International Confectioners Materials in Design Engineering Materials Selector Reference October 1.00 Missiles and Rockets Missile Market and Product Guide Mav 4.00 Modern Brewery Age Blue Book March w/sub Modern Pukaging Encyclopedia November 6.00 (part 2) Modern Plastics Encyclopedia September 3.00 Modem Stationer and Ofice Greeting Card Directory August 3.00 Equzpment Dealer Motor Boaring Show Number January National Cleaner and Dyer Guidebook March Notio~and hrut,elty Review Directory May Nucleonics Buyers' Guide November Ofice Appliances Buyers' Index February Ofice Management Yearbook of Office Management January Oficial Container Directory Semi-annually Oil. Paint and Drug Reporter Buyers' Directory August Packing and Shipping Directory Directory January (Bonnell's) and July Pet Shoe Management Directorv June Photo Dealer ~irector; March Pipeline hTews Directory of Pipelines June P1astic.r World Directory of the Plast~cIndustry October Popular Boating Boat ~h;w and Directory February Practical Builder Data and Specifications File May Premium Practice Blue Book Directory January Printing Magazine Yearbook November Priating Ptvductio~z Where to Buy Printing Equipment December and Supplies. - Products Finishing Directory March w/sub Propre rsiue Grocer Equipment Buyers' Guide May w/sub Pulp and Paper World Market Pulp Directory July w/sub Sanitary Marntenance Buyer;' Guide April 1.00 Sports Age Sports Equipment Guidebook June 1.00 Super Mmket Merchandising Nonfood Buyers Guide March 25 Textile Industries Annual Product Parade and Buyers' Guide November 1.00 Textile World Fact File June w/sub Tool Engineer Suppliers Directory June w/sub Toys and Novelties Buyers' Guide June 1 .00 Upholstering Directory of Supply Sources w/sub 1 .00 Vend Market Data and Directory Almanac March w/sub Welding Engineer Fact File and Product Reference June .50 Wertern Farm Equipment Directory March w/sub Wines and Vines Annual Directory September 2.00 Yachting Show Boat January 1.00 Boat Owners Buyers' Guide June and March .50 SPECIAL LIBRARIES The Medical Center Library WILLIAM K. BEATTY, Medical Librarian Medical Center Library, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri

HE MEDICALCENTER Library at the Uni- terial physically within the library and the T versity of Missouri serves the faculty and use of that material in circulation. students of the School of Medicine, faculty Disadvantages may be real or apparent, and students of the School of Nursing, the and what begins as the one, may, when the medical and administrative staff of the Uni- situation is fully and clearly seen, turn out versity Hospital and a large number of to be the other. Some people may feel that graduate and undergraduate students from in a combined library it is more difficult for other parts of the campus. In cooperation the user to find the material he wants. This with the public library it will soon provide is so to the extent that a single piece may service to the patients in the hospital. be cataloged and classified in one way for a The first advantage is a saving of money. hospital library and in another way for a Duplication of staff and collection can be medical school library. Copious use of cross reduced or eliminated. Since fewer staff references obviates this problem in practice. members are needed, the positions can be A combined library seldom builds up a made more attractive. Savings are also pos- collection so large that size itself becomes a sible in the acquisition and processing pro- deterrent factor in locating material. Some grams. There is no need for duplicating feel that there will be less support for the orders, searching, cataloging, classification smallest member in the combined family. or any of the other library routines. This is not necessarily so. Our School of A second great saving is that of space. Nursing now has a larger book budget than Better service can be provided in a smaller it did when it supported a separate library. area. Equipment can be consolidated. One The combined library does not give the typewriter can do what three typewriters did same service to different groups of readers. before in three different locations. The library staff will spend more time gather- A third advantage is that the combined ing references for faculty members than for library is often able to secure a better loca- students. However, more time will be spent tion than the separate parts could obtain for showing students how to use the basic tools. themselves. Fourth, a combined library usu- Our major problem is maintaining differ- ally has stronger support both in tangible ent circulation regulations for the different features, such as budget and staff, and in in- groups of users. This is confusing for both tangible elements, such as attitudes of the the library staff and the readers. Since we administration and users toward the library. are part of the university library system, we A fifth advantage is that in a combined must abide by the circulation regulations in library it is easier for both users and the li- effect throughout that system. This means brary staff to locate material, since it is all that the students of the School of Nursing housed in one place. Also the library can stay are treated differently than the faculty, the open longer. students and staff of the School of Medicine The final advantage, and possibly a major and the hospital staff. one, is that the library staff has to look at all Another disadvantage is over-crowding. the materials coming into the collection on In a university community, many people several different levels. This multi-level ap- wish to use the most comfortable and con- proach applies to selection, cataloging and venient library on campus, whether or not classification, reference, arrangement of ma- they are actually using material housed in -- that library. This has caused considerable Presented before the Hospital Divi-ion, June 6. 1960, at the 51st SLA Convention in Cleveland, trouble for us, and we can find no easy way Ohio. out under the present conditions. OCTOBER 1960 The Integrated Hospital Library

MRS. BARBARA COE JOHNSON, Director of Libraries Harper Hospital, Detroit, Michigan

EFORE BECOMING specific about the form Future and Past B of hospital library known as "inte- I should like to point out that even the grated," I should like to point out two facts: integrated library is only an intermediate step 1) every hospital library originally was or- in the course of development of hospital li- ganized to meet a specific demand, and 2) braries. If two or three libraries within a the means of satisfying the demand fitted single institution can successfully combine, into the hospital's over-all administrative why not those of two or three institutions in pattern at the time the library was organ- the same community? As far as I know, such ized. The needs remain much the same-the an arrangement does not yet exist, but there physician must continue his medical educa- are arrows pointing in this direction. Two tion and check current practice; the student hospitals in small, geographically adjacent nurse must supplement the information Michigan communities share the services of given her in textbooks and classes; the pa- a single librarian; four libraries in Charles- tient still needs reading which will transfer ton, South Carolina, operate essentially as his attention from his present illness to the branches of the county medical society li- everyday world he must one day re-enter. brary; Harper Hospital's library collection The social and economic patterns of hos- serves the Rehabilitation Institute of Metro- pitals, however, have changed both in size politan Detroit in all medical subjects ex- and complexity. cept its specialty, while RIMD, in turn, The traditional means of satisfying the serves Harper in the fields of physical medi- needs mentioned above-libraries tailor- cine and rehabilitation. A further advance- made for specific reader groups-no longer ment seems to be brewing in the plans for fit well into practical patterns. Certainly the Detroit Medical Center, which should be tailor-made libraries that are still satisfac- complete about 1965. In this center, which tory on all counts, including not only service will be the result of five downtown hospitals but also cost, should carry on; but when coming to the conclusion that rising costs they become too expensive in terms of du- can be overcome only by doing away with plication, availability of trained library staff duplication, a central, clinically oriented, in- or space, another means must be sought, clusive library collection is planned; each especially when only a few changes in phi- hospital will maintain on its own premises losophy and policy will usually be sufficient only a minimal working collection. This to effect a satisfactory integration of all or may represent the next logical step in the any combination of the elements involved. development of hospital libraries, but, as it An integrated library, then, differs from sep- is not yet in existence, judgment must wait. arate libraries only insofar as it better re- Accident and necessity both play parts in flects today's answer to a hospital's economic invention; in medicine especially, an acci- and social demands. It is the logical solution dent may prompt a discovery, but it is usually to high operating costs, the librarian short- necessity that forces its use. For instance, age and increased technical complexity in penicillin, discovered in 1929, was only a hospitals themselves, all factors that promise laboratory plaything, full of unrecognized to continue to be problems. potentialities, until war's necessity demanded its commercial development in the 1940's. Presented before the Hospital Division, June 6. 1960, at the 51st SLA Convention in Cleveland. And necessity is what forced the develop- Ohio. ment of integrated libraries. I find I cannot SPECIAL LIBRARIES document the date the first one came into ex- for expansion of laboratories ; the small room istence, but I am of the impression that housing the general collection was located the Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton in a patient area. The medical librarian re- Lower Falls, Massachusetts, was first in 1944 signed; as no replacement could be found, when it solved a staff shortage, space prob- her duties were added to those of the nursing lems and rising cost of operation in its medi- school librarian. The hospital's power house cal and nursing school libraries with this became available for other uses when the unique answer. I only how what happened hospital found it could buy power more at Harper Hospital, however, and shall draw cheaply than it could manufacture its own. upon my experience to illustrate the points Almost simultaneously this set of circum- to follow. stances led the administrator, the librarian and the chief of staff to advance the sugges- Changing Concepts and Needs tion that the libraries be combined into a During World War 11, civilian shortages single department and that it be located in of all medical personnel had largely oblit- part of the former power house, on a cor- erated the hard and fast lines of difference ridor leading off the main floor. between physicians and paramedical person- The administration agreed to support the combined library's cost from the hos~ital's nel, including not only nurses but also phar- I- macists, dietitians, medical technicians, prac- general funds and to give the librarian the tical nurses and so forth. Also, military responsibility and authority of a department medicine had developed the team concept to head. The School of Nursing agreed to trans- the pint where such tacit declarations of fer its direct control, both financial and ad- status difference as separate dining rooms for ministrative, to the new department head doctors or separate libraries for doctors and but retained an advisory function through nurses were recognizable as genteel survivals. the inclusion of the school's chief on the Such a significant change in attitude, coupled library committee. The medical staff also re- with financial and administrative necessity, linguished its direct control and assigned made obvious the fact that "something had three of its members to the library advisory to give" at Harper. What gave was the con- committee. The volunteers gave over their cept of three individually operated libraries. sovereignty to the librarian and are repre- Harper Hospital is a 670 bed general sented on the library committee by the same medical and surgical teaching hospital lo- member who represents the administrative cated in metropolitan Detroit. Founded in functions of the hospital. 1863, it has continually led the development of medicine in Detroit, including on its The Library Advisory Committee medical staff members of the clinical faculty "This Committee shall have supervision of Wayne State University College of Medi- of the library of the hospital and shall act cine and supporting the Harper Hospital as advisor to the librarian and to the ad- School of Nursing. A nursing school library ministration on the conduct of the library was founded in 1880, a physicians' library for the best interests of the medical and in the 1890's and a patients' library in 1931. nursing professions."" The committee satis- The separate nursing and medical libraries fies the requirements for accreditation of the have been under the direction of professional school, of both the Joint Commission on librarians almost since their inceptions; the Accreditation of Hospitals and the National patients' library was a volunteer group's re- Nursing Accrediting Service. sponsibility until 1950 when all libraries The committee is advisory; there are no were combined. rigid requirements regarding its pace or its In 1948-49 the space occupied by the specific duties. Such built-in flexibility has nursing school library was required for of- proved very wise. During the first three years fices and classrooms; the medical library * Bylaws for the Medical Staff of Harper Hos- area in the pathology department was needed pital, Detroit, Michigan, n.d. (1949), p. 15.

OCTOBER 1960 of the newly integrated library, the commit- visors are the informal kind that arise over tee met often and helped the librarian estab- the purchase of one specific questionable lish the character of the library through title or the most useful place in which to advice on policies concerning matters such classify a book. as loan periods, hours, budgetary require- In describing the functions of the library ments and acquisition policies. Even during committee, I hope it is clear that the com- this very active period, however, the commit- mittee is really active only in times of stress tee met only at the request of the librarian. when it serves to preserve continuity and at This procedure effectivelyassured the librarian the same time supports necessary change. of support and forced her to accept the initia- The committee establishes the background tive demanded of her as an administrator in and then gratefully retires into it. The or- the day-to-day operations of the library. Dur- ganizing, planning, delegating of duties, ing the next three years, the librarian ade- determining of policy, budget and personnel quately handled her tasks without formal requirements, spending of money, reporting advice from the committee. and over-all supervision remain the librar- In 1956 at the librarian's retirement, the ian's responsibility as a department head. committee again became active, both in de- The librarian's authority comes directly from termining the appropriate qualifications re- the hospital administrator, and it is her duty quired of a new librarian and later in ori- to be sufficiently aware of the hospital's enting her to the needs of the hospital. The changing needs to adapt the library's pro- new librarian's lack of experience in a li- gram to fit them. Only when help is needed, brary so actively serving nurses could pos- either because new circumstances present an sibly have reflected to nursing's disadvantage (especially since her predecessor had been a unfamiliar problem or complexity demands nurse), so the committee asked the member liaison with many, does the experienced li- who represented both school and service to brarian use her stress outlet. appoint an ad hoc nursing committee to For example, now that Harper is planning which the librarian could turn for advice. to combine its resources with those of four During its two-year existence, the nursing other hospitals to form the Detroit Medical committee acted as a consultant in discarding Center, the question arises as to precisely out-of-date nursing texts, advised changes what this should mean in terms of enlarging in the handling of reserve collections, col- or decreasing the collection; this matter laborated in changing the library's program needs committee consultation. On the other for student-staff orientation and suggested hand, the decision that the library, while practical ways of bringing the library's re- staffed only from 9:00 to 5:30, Monday sources more forcibly to the attention of the through Friday, be open and allow self- graduate and student nursing staff. charging from 7:00 to 11:30 p.m. every Medical staff members of the committee evening of the week was, and should have played active roles too. They suggested pol- been, the librarian's. A committee is not the icies regarding the scope of the collection only answer to every librarian's need for and alerted medical department heads to the advice, support and liaison, especially in need for thorough weeding of out-of-date times of change, but it is the answer found matter and acquisition of current materials; useful at Harper. they implemented this policy by assigning residents in specialty subjects to help the Practical Considerations librarian weed, by looking over projected I have purposely avoided discussing the discards and by suggesting new titles, both exact problems which arose, and are still book and journal, to bring the collection arising, because I believe that they will be up-to-date. The committee has again become unique in every hospital and should be set- relatively inactive since 1958. Except for one tled within that hospital's established pat- formal meeting a year, at which a report is tern. I feel that there are even some cases given, the librarian's contacts with her ad- where an integrated library might not be the

SPECIAL LIBRARIES answer. If, for example, a hospital has a arated libraries have proven themselves ex- closed medical staff, all of whom are on the pensive and inadequate. A new hospital, premises every day, and library personnel is establishing its library for the first time, how- limited, the librarian's time might be so dis- ever, should certainly investigate thoroughly persed that the main purpose, in this case the integrated organization. It should be ready availability of material to the medical able to profit from others' experiences to the staff, would be lost. In the ordinary case, point that its atmosphere for cooperation is however, where research personnel and established from the beginning. Without house staff constitute the main class of such a climate integration cannot be con- physician users, I should not think difficulties templated because it demands changes that would arise. The advantage; of breaking seem to offer no advantages; after all, the down the artificial barrier between physician best suits are still tailor-made. But when and other medical personnel, together with tailor-mades not only do not fit but are ex- the financial advantages implicit in not hav- pensive as well, the integrated library is the ing to duplicate collection, space or staff, answer. would make the integrated library appropriate. MLA OFFERS WORKSHOPS Having the recreational library located in The Medical Library Association will offer the same general area has a number of ad- a new three-year experimental program in vantages. No one can lose sight of the pri- learning and relearning before its next con- mary reason for the hospital, that of patient vention on May 8, 1961 in Seattle, Wash- care, if patients are plainly visible; further, ington. A workshop course will deal with the recreational collection is open to staff as practical problems confronting the medical well as patient. I do not think that fiction librarian from libraries whose holdings are and general non-fiction can be physically in- under 10,000 volumes, but the course will tegrated into the medical collection, partially offer a wide base of eligibility and be open because patients should not be put into the to all who think its emphasis is suitable to position of having material available to help their particular needs. specific details of the them diagnose and treat their own illnesses several subject areas will be available from any more than they should prescribe their Pauline M. Vaillancourt, Memorial Hospital, own medications, and partially because the 444 East 68 Street, New York 2 1. The second casual word, carelessly spoken, can some- course, working from a central syllabus for times be terrifying to the patient and em- several small groups, will be an advanced barrassing to the physician or nurse who seminar in medical librarianship. Registra- dropped it. I do believe, however, that if the tion will be limited to persons from libraries decision is made to integrate, it should be whose holdings are over 10,000 volumes carried through wholeheartedly. No second- (and in subsequent years to those who have class citizenship should be built in. Let the taken the workshop course previously) and same borrowing privileges and observance of will be required four to six months in ad- rules apply to all users. Combine the collec- vance of the Seattle meeting so that reading tions into a single classification system, and lists and problems can be distributed and respect all users' intelligence by refusing to proper preparation made by the participants. spoonfeed some few with special services The 1961 advanced seminar will be devoted that cannot be given to all. to "Searching the Literature." Details will be I am convinced that integrated libraries available from Dr. Estelle Brodman, Na- are the answer to the problem of providing tional Library of Medicine, Washington 25, satisfactory service in the majority of hos- D. C. The new program is an inevitable de- pitals today because they allow for the most velopment of the refresher courses previously efficient use of collection, space and trained sponsored by MLA and will provide medical library staff, but I do not think they are ap- librarians an annual opportunity to learn ~t propriate for all institutions. A climate of a graduate level what is currently germane in cooperation cannot be established until sep- their professional practice.

OCTOBER 1960 Planning the New Library: The AC Spark Plug Library

HAROLD S. SHARP, Technical L ibrarian AC Spark Plug Division, General Motors Corporation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

HE HEAD OFFICE of Accordingly, a job description was written T the AC Spark Plug and a personnel requisition activated. The Division, General Motors library was designated as a separate depart- Corporation, is located in ment in charge of a technical librarian, who, Flint, Michigan. In 1948 as department head, would report directly a decision was reached to to the executive engineer. establish in Milwaukee, Late in February 1959, the librarian Wisconsin, a branch fa- rtporki for duty and, after preliminary in- cility to be concerned with research, develop- troductions to the organization, made a de- ment and manufacturing in the field of elec- tailed study of the existing library situation. tronics, with particular emphasis on missile The study included reviewing proposed guidance systems. Accordingly, a plant was tentative layouts and equipment, making leased in Milwaukee and operations were recommendations for expanding library serv- started. ices and reviewing the qualifications of the It was obvious that library services were library staff. required by the new branch. A skeleton or- As the contemplated AC Spark Plug Mil- ganization was set up, designed to carry out waukee library system would include one minimum library requirements in Milwaukee main and two branch libraries, it was de- and leaning heavily on the already estab- termined that the staff should be increased lished library at Flint and the General from six to 11 persons, with one professional Motors Research Library at Warren, Mich- librarian and one nonprofessional assistant igan. This Milwaukee library was operated at each branch, and two professional and by a stenographer under supervision. five nonprofessionals at the main library. The branch gradually expanded from one It also was obvious that adequate areas and plant to three, and in August 1957, it be- facilities should be provided at all three li- came apparent that the comparatively limited braries. Following the recommendations of library services available to electronics engi- the librarian, floor space totaling 3370 neers, research men and scientists were not square feet was allotted to the library sys- sufficient. For this reason a four-man ad- tem, distributed as follows: 625 square feet visory library committee was appointed by for each of the two branches and 2120 the Supervisor of Engineering, Administra- square feet for the main library. In the case tive Services, to consider the company's of the branch libraries no specific areas had library requirements and make recommenda- been designated, and consequently the li- tions to management. The committee's re- brarian was able to plan floor space in terms port indicated that while the function and of anticipated requirements. This was not service of the library had attempted to meet so with the main library, as a rectangular needs as they developed in the past, the cur- room, 34 feet 9 inches by 61 feet, had al- rent space, facilities, personnel and service ready been set aside. The difficulties en- would not be adequate to meet prospective countered in planning the library were in- future needs. The first step to be taken creased as it was necessary to fit the floor should be the employment of a professional plan into the available space rather than ad- librarian. just the space to library requirements. SPECIAL LIBRARIES As a library's services and collection are tronics but also in other scientific fields, steps determined by the needs of its users, it was were taken to augment the reference collec- necessary to ascertain just what specific fields tion as much as possible. Technical diction- of interest existed among the AC Spark Plug aries and handbooks were acquired, and sub- personnel. A committee of field-of-interest scriptions to many divisions of Engineeving advisers representing all major departments Index and appropriate periodicals were pur- of the company was appointed. Members of chased. Other timely source material was pro- this committee inform the librarian of new vided, making up-to-date developments in technical areas in which the company be- appropriate areas available to all interested. comes interested so that he may add ap- Three professional librarians were added propriate books and other materials to the to the staff in July 1959, and, following in- collection. Information obtained from these doctrination, were assigned to cataloging the advisors also assists the librarian in weeding book collection. The Dewey decimal system, obsolete material. The final approval or dis- amended to fit our special requirements, is approval of recommended new acquisitions used, cards being procured from the Library is made by the librarian. of Congress. One of each card required is The book collection consisted of some 300 ordered, and duplicates are made by using titles, mostly obsolete, which the librarian an A. B. Dick spirit duplicator with glossy weeded thoroughly. Based on the require- black "Ditto" carbon. This has proved very ments of library users, he selected and satisfactory. ordered approximately $10,000 worth of Books were cataloged at the Milwaukee new books which formed the nucleus of the main library, as it was planned to use the new collection. The selection ranged from two branches primarily as liaison between the basic reference books to specialized texts in main library and the plants in which they are fields such as inertial guidance, servomecha- located. In cataloging, shelf lists were set up nisms, radar, automation, missiles and rockets, for each of the three libraries; in the case of mathematics, physics, chemistry and related each branch the shelf list reflects only the subjects. portion of the collection at that particular It was determined early that the function branch. Symbols on both main and added of the AC Spark Plug technical library was entry cards show the location of each copy of to serve all company employees and not each book. Card index files, other than shelf merely members of the engineering staff. lists kept at each branch, are identical with Books on management, plant protection, ac- the file at the main library, thereby enabling counting, building maintenance, industrial the card catalog user to become aware of all relations and similar non-engineering sub- books in the entire collection. Inter-library jects, as well as engineering and scientific loans between main and branch libraries are books, were ordered. made when necessary. As AC Spark Plug is vitally interested in It had been the practice of the company research and development, not only in elec- to donate back copies of periodicals to the

View (left) of charging counter and work desk facing the reading area located in the front of the library. The reading area (right), with ample tables and chairs and easy chairs, is separated from the staff's work section by periodical display racks. 446 SPECIAL LIBRARIES local public library, with the understanding that those normally retained on a non-circu- lating basis could be borrowed by the company as the need arose. This arrangement proved unsatisfactory, and it was determined that the AC Spark Plug library acquire a collection of back-issue technical periodicals for reference and photoduplicatiok Reprint requests received in the past were screened, and based on these requests, certain periodicals were selected for binding. As many periodicals as possible were acquired and sent to a commercial bindery. When it was Study carrel area, isolated from the other not possible to obtain all copies of a periodi- areas by a partition, insures quiet reading cal, microfilm was purchased from University and study facilities. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Photo- stats of articles in bound copies of periodi- Floor plans made by the librarian desig- cals are made with an A. B. Dick "Premier" nated a large reading area, another area for photoduplicator, and a 3M microfilm reader- study carrels, book stacks, an 18-foot periodi- printer is used to reproduce full-size copies cal rack, ofices for the librarian and assistant of microfilmed material. Reproductions of librarian, desk space for the library staff and material not available in the reference sec- a work room. The same general plans were used for all three libraries, with provision tion are obtained from outside sources. made for the additional functions to be performed at the main library. The latter is KEY TO FLOOR PLAN housed in a new building recently con- ]-Reading area 2-Reading tables structed by the company. 3-Cha,rging counter The walls are of birch paneling and 4-Charg:ng desk frosted glass. The furniture was selected to 5-Periodical display racks 6-Newspaper sticks harmonize with the birch panels. Two round 7-Arm chairs and one rectangular birch finished tables 8-Reading lamp were placed in the reading area, and three 9-Planter 10-Reference matching easy chairs with ginger-brown 11-Book stocks washable Naugahyde upholstery were placed 12-Study area 13-Study carrels in corners. Satin brass finished reading lamps 14-Work room and smoking stands were specially designed. 15-Storage cabinets A 24 inch by 36 inch wall map and an at- 16-A. 8. Dick photoduplicator 17-A. B. Dick spirit duplicator tractive planter added to the dCcor. A charg- 18-Periodical control file ing counter was designed by the librarian 19-Documents area and constructed in the company carpenter 20-Microcard reader 21-3M microfilm reoder-printer shop. It is finished in birch and is 39 inches 22-Vertical files high, permitting the circulation attendant 23-Assistant librarian's ofice to remain seated while charging books. This 24-Librarian's office 25-Secretarial area arrangement also permits unobtrusive super- 26-Correspondence files vision of the reading room. 27-Government documents control desk 28-Cataloger's desk Through the years many departments 29-Book cart within the company had purchased books 30-Bulletin board for their own use; most had been procured 31-Card index file 32-Dictionary stand through the library, which was actually little 33-Table more than a book-ordering agency. A drive 34-Executive desk was made to reclaim as many outstanding 35-Stenographer desk 36-Book case books as possible before new books were OCTOBER 1960 ordered, and approximately 500 volumes positive and negative paper for the photo- were returned to the library. These were duplicator, duplicator fluid, blank catalog screened and either discarded or cataloged cards and similar items. Overhead shelves and placed in the collection. were constructed to hold back issues of The reading room furniture was furnished periodicals accumulated for binding. by the Buckstaff Company; the metal book- Lighting for the entire library is furnished stacks were made by Borroughs of Kala- by recessed overhead fluorescent lighting fix- mazoo. The periodical display racks were tures. These give approximately 75 foot- purchased from Remington-Rand Library Bu- candles of illumination at desk height, which reau. All book stacks, study carrels, filing is more than adequate for reading purposes. cabinets and office furniture are finished in The present layout of the AC Spark Plug suntan coral. Dark brown drapes in both the technical library permits the seating of a reading and carrel areas harmonize with the maximum of 18 patrons at one time. This birch paneling and suntan coral metal. has. to date, proved adequate, but expansion In laying out the library, emphasis was may be achieved by converting a conference placed on separating the reading area, study room adjacent to the reading area into an carrel area and work area. Thus, the reading additional reading room. Seating for an ad- tables and easy chairs are located in the front ditional eight persons will be possible in of the library, separated from the library staff this area. by panels and the wooden periodical display If we had it to do over again, we would rack. The study carrel area is isolated from certainly include a sink for the work room the other areas by the book stacks and a birch in the plans. The matter of a sink was con- partition. This insures quiet reading and sidered at the time the layout was submitted study facilities, and many favorable com- dnd was, unfortunately, decided against. ments have been received. The AC Spark Plug technical library The work room was designed to house the furnishes a quiet, attractive place for com- photo- and spirit duplicators. Facilities for pany employees to browse, read or study. book processing also are located here as is Every effort has been made to furnish the the periodical control file. Storage cabinets necessary tools for reference, information in the work room contain office supplies, searching and library services generally.

VITAL STATISTICS FOR AC SPARK PLUG LIBRARY Total square foot area Main library 2120 Branches 2 (each) 625 Staff 11 Professional 4 Nonprofessional 7 Employees served at location 2200 Services extended to other areas 300 Average number of users per day 125 Books and bound and unbound periodicals as of April 1, 1960 3000 Current periodical subscriptions 21 0 Vertical file drawers 32 Date of completion February 1960 Planned by librarian Special facilities or equipment: 3M microfilm reader-printer; A. B. Dick spirit duplicator; A. B. Dick photocopier; Microcard reader.

448 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Report on the IFLA Conference T THE END OF the 26th Session of the training. Other subjects covered by com- A IFLA Council, held in Lund and mittees and sections included parliamentary Malmo, Sweden, August 8-11, 1960, C. and administrative libraries, national and Goicoechea, the Director of Spain's Biblio- university libraries, rare books, library work teca National, recommended ;hat meetings with children, cataloging principles, union of IFLA should be held in parts of the world catalogs and interlibrary loans and ex- outside Europe. The Executive Board agreed change of publications. to give the matter serious consideration, but While some of these subjects have no in- a large proportion of IFLA's 86 members terest for special librarians, it is to our in- (representing 5 1 different countries) are terest that large research and government li- European, and unless an extra-European braries have effective exchange arrangements meeting were very heavily subsidized, it so that obscure publications may be available would be impossible to have a substantial or when needed. Recommendations such as that representative attendance. Though there are the principal union catalogs and international hopes for a Canadian meeting within the centers in countries participating in inter- next few years, probably most SLA members library loan be equipped with Telex could be will have to become familiar with IFLA very useful to us. through European trips or reports such as this. This year the President, G. Hofmann of Since I was in Scandinavia at the time of Munich, presented a well-organized "draft the IFLA meeting this year, I was privileged program." It is actually an outline of areas to be the official delegate of SLA. Having of library activities set against a tabulation read a paper entitled "IFLA and Its Prob- of projects underway, the name of the re- lems" by L. R. McColvin (Libt.n~Gz~zand sponsible IFLA commission, an indication Book Wodd, vol. 48, November 1959, p. of previous discussions and the names of 177-80), I did not expect to find too much other organizations interested in or active in of value to SLA, but I am pleased to report the same areas. Certain projects are marked that, after the conference, I feel generally to receive first consideration. In many senses optimistic. IFLA acts in an advisory capacity for Unesco, The International Federation of Librarv and at the same time it receives considerable Associations Council consists of an official support from the latter organization. IFLA

re~resentativeI from each of its member and FID tend to complement one another, agencies, committees and sections, and its IFLA concentrating on acquisition and or- activities are supervised by a small executive ganization of books and periodicals and on board. In a pattern similar to SLA's Cleve- the broad aspects of library use. land Convention, IFLA had three general A major current activity is the planning meetings-one opening session, a program of the IFLA International Cataloging Con- on library architecture and a business meet- ference to be held in Paris, with the dates ing. At &her times there were concurrent tentatively set as October 9-18, 1961. Re- meetings of several committees and sections, gional working sessions will be held in ad- and here the similarity with SLA ended. vance. The general plans for the meeting are Though some groups had formal papers, the discussed in Lib1.i (vol. 9, no. 3, 1959, p. usual pattern of the meetings was having 254-61 ) . Other committee activities that will brief reports and much discussion. I had a come to fruition in the near future are the chance to exercise my French in a lively con- publication of a guide to union catalogs and sideration of various aspects of periodical and national centers for interlibrary loan and a serial publications and an informal debate on reference book on libraries and museums of statistics and heard some interesting papers theatrical arts all over the world. on hospital libraries (patients') in English Though such organizations as IFLA make and a polyglot discussion of professional progress rather slowly, a further step will be OCTOBER 1960 taken this year, subject to approval of the I have mentioned the three official sessions Unesco General Conference, when IFLA re- of IFLA. There were many other social ceives additional funds for the operation, in meetings of the whole organization, a high- cooperation with Unesco, of a clearinghouse light of which was an afternoon excursion to on libraries and the compilation of a Ostarp Inn where we had an old style smor- iMonthly Bulletin on Bibliogjqbhy aud DOC- gasbord luncheon and watched folk dancers ume~ztation,to replace Bibliog~aphicnlNews- perform on the lawn in native costumes. It letter. and Monthly Bulleti?~012 Scientific was a beautiful afternoon, and the friendly Documentation and Terminology. It is hoped atmosphere typified the Swedish hospitality that eventually IFLA will have a full-time and entertainment we received throughout secretariat, probably also at the Unesco head- the conference. It was only natural that we quarters in Paris. should become well acquainted with many Another aztivity is the awarding of the colleagues and feel secure in the desire of Sevensma Prize for an essay on a current the whole group to work for better standards library topic. Next year the proposed topics and closer coordination in librarianship are storage of library materials and reading throughout the world. rooms in university libraries. WINIFREDSEWELL A Report on the FID Meeting HE 26~~GENERAL CONFERENCE of the Inter- American Union). C. Dake Gull (General Elec- Tnational Federation for Documentation (FID) tric), Allen Kent (Western Reserve University), was held in Rio de Janeiro July 22-30, 1960, at Helmut Kohnke (Purdue University), W. Ken- the Brazilian equivalent of Annapolis-the Escola neth Lowry (Bell Telephone Laboratories), H. P. Naval, situated on a small island reached by Luhn (International Business Machines), Calvin bridge from the downtown part of the city, with N. Moers (Zator Company), Simon M. Newman Guanabara Bay on the one side and on the other (U. S. Patent Office), Florence K. Nierman (Pan the magnificent panorama of the city's peaks and American Union), J. Roger Porter (State Univer- lights, commencing with the famous Sugar Loaf sity of Iowa) and Robert Severance (Air Univer- and ending with the Finger of God in the hazy sity Library). distance. The facilities of the school were available In addition to meetings of the FID governing because, this being winter, the midshipmen were board (General Assembly), there were open pro- absent on the equivalent of Christmas holidays. gram meetings of its Consultative Assembly on The conference was the guest of Brazil, repre- current bibliography, union catalogs and relations sented by the Brazilian Institute for Bibliography between national information centers, language and Documentation, of which Shra. Lydia de problems, scientific information, mechanization Queiroz Sambaquy is director. The hospitality and classification. A series of roundtables gave offered to the conference included interesting particular attention to the problems of documenta- visits and tours to Brasilia and SZo Paulo. tion and of training for such work in Latin Ameri- Some 23 countries were represented by official can countries. delegations, and the total attendance was several The meeting produced a series of recommenda- hundred, including representatives of a number tions on the subjects of the discussions and of international agencies and national libraries. adopted a proposal for setting up a Latin Ameri- Among the latter were the British Museum, the can Commission for Documentation as a regional Biblioth6que Nationale (Paris), the Royal Library affiliate of FID. The secretariat of the Commis- of the Netherlands and many of the Latin Ameri- sion will, for the time being, accompany the vice- can national libraries. From the United States, Dr. presidency of FID for Latin America-occupied Burton W. Adkinson (National Science Founda- at the moment by Senhora Sambaquy. tion) attended as a Vice-president of FID; Verner The principal immediate result of the meeting W. Clapp (Council on Library Resources, Inc.) was in the exchange of views, with potential effect and Karl F. Heumann (National Research Coun- upon developments in Latin America; but the cil) were the official representatives of the Na- specific recommendations of the meeting and, in tional Academy of Sciences-National Research particular, the adoption of the proposal for the Council. In addition to these capacities, Dr. Ad- Latin American Commission hold possible con- kinson represented the Special Libraries Associa- sequences of importance to libraries in that area. tion, and Mr. Clapp represented the American VERNERW. CLAPP Library Association. Other members of the United (Reprinted from LC Injo~n~ationBulletin, States delegation were Marietta Daniels (Pan August 8, 1960, p. 472-3.)

SPECIAL LIBRARIES SLA Professional Award and Hall of Fame ACH YEAR CHAPTERS,Divisions and in- close or following completion of an active E dividual SLA members are asked to professional career. send in nominations for the SLA Profes- It is important that the committee select- sional Award and for the Hall of Fame. The ing the recipients of these awards have de- requirements for these two awards are very tailed and complete information about each different and should be carefully considered nominee. Chapter Presidents and Division before submitting a nominee. Chairmen will receive a guide for submitting information on a nominee. This outline is Purpose just a guide. Additional and complete in- The PROFESSIONALAWARD recognizes formation about the contribution the nomi- notable professional achievement in, or con- nee or nominees have made will assist the tribution to, the field of special librarianship. committee in selecting appropriate recipients. The HALL OF FAME recognizes indi- A nominee previously entered may be resub- viduals who have made outstanding contri- mitted. butions to the growth atzd development of Copies of the Guide for Submitting In- Special Libraries As.rociatiou. formation on a Nominee may be obtained from SLA Headquarters. Nominations for Eligibility the awards should be sent to the Chairman A nominee for the PROFESSIONALAWARD of the SLA Professional Awards and Hall may be any individual (or group) meeting of Fame Committee not later than January the foregoing qualification whether or not a 31, 1961: Mrs. Margaret H. Fuller, Li- member (or members) of Special Libraries brarian, American Iron and Steel Institute, Association. This could be an author. a 150 East 42 Street, New York 17, New publisher or manufacturer of special library York. tools or an SLA member who has contributed specifically and outstandingly to special librarianship, to mention onl) a few possi- News from SLA Headquarters bilities. Roster Available A nominee for the HALLOF FAMEmust be or have been a member of Special Li- The Oficial Directory of Personael, which braries Association. lists names and addresses of the Executive Board, Advisory Council, Association Com- Recognition mittees, Special Representatives and principal Chapter and Division officers, may now The PROFESSIONALAWARD is granted for a specific contribution to the field of special be purchased for $1. Executive Board and librarianship. Advisory Council members were sent copies. The HALLOF FAMEis granted for an extended and a sustained period of service to Visitor from France Special Libraries Association or for specific Franqoise Haeffelin, Administrative Di- contributions to the development of Special rector of the Union Frangaise des Organ- Libraries Association. ismes de Documentation (UFOD), 65 Rue de Richelieu, Paris 2, visited Headquarters as Time of Presentation part of her tour of documentation centers in The PROFESSIONALAWARD is presented the United States. She described the activities at a time appropriate in relationship to the of UFOD and in turn learned what SLA is contribution made. doing. It was agreed to exchange publica- The HALLOF FAMEis presented near the tions and explore other areas of cooperation.

OCTOBER 1960 Amqw Ad... Documentation Research Proposals Invited fiscal agent, in support of a survey of the The National Science Foundation will con- possibilities of cooperation among the chief sider proposals during the current fiscal year Maine libraries. Keyes D. Metcalf, Harvard for additional research projects or studies of University librarian emeritus and a library a fundamental or general nature that may consultant, will conduct the survey. produce new insights, knowledge or tech- The American Association of Law Li- niques applicable to scientific information braries is the recipient of a $5000 grant to be systems and services. Although NSF will used for preparation of a checking edition consider any proposal for a project that may of legal subject headings, making use of contribute to the general goal of improving photographic listing techniques. the handling of scientific information, the A grant of $4,987 has been made to the greatest interest will be in the research areas American Library Association for an inquiry of the information needs of the scientific into the feasibility of developing a numerical community, information on storage and re- code for identifying individual current Amer- trieval procedures and mechanical transla- ican publications. Such a code might be used tions procedures and related studies of lan- simultaneously by libraries in ordering and guage. Address inquiries and proposals to: by publishers in inventorying and billing. Documentation Research Program, Office of The inquiry, backed by ALA's Acquisitions Science Information Service, NSF, Washing- Section of the Resources and Technical Serv- ton 25, D. C. ices Division, will seek to determine such a code's possible and potential use. The prin- Nine Council Grants Awarded cipal investigators are Gustave Harrer, Assist- The Council on Library Resources, Inc., has ant Director, Stanford University Libraries awarded nine grants and contracts totaling and Alex Ladenson, Assistant Librarian for $29,541 for the support of investigations for Acquisition and Preparation, Chicago Public improving library work. Library. The largest single grant, $5,525, was to the The Association of Research Libraries will Library of Congress to finance a pilot study, use a $3000 grant for establishing an im- preparatory to a thorough investigation, of proved formula for computing costs of li- the use of the classified collections in the brary service attributable to research done book stacks by staff members and scholars. under government contract. Plans include Through observation of stack use, the Li- sponsorship of a meeting at which repre- brary hopes to measure the values derivable sentative university business officers involved from a classified collection and whether these with government contracts and their respec- values can be secured from other sources, tive librarians will discuss the charges that e.g., the catalog. It also hopes to be able to should be included in federal research con- develop a pattern for determining the value tracts with universities. of shelf classification in various types of li- A $2000 grant will enable Guy R. Lyle, braries. The study will be conducted by Director of Libraries, Emory University, Herner and Company, Washington informa- Georgia, to prepare a revised edition of his tion consultants, collaborating with Library standard book, The Admitzi~trationof the staff members. It complements investigations College Library. Dr. Philip M. Hauser, chair- of readers' use of books and of book storage man of the Sociology Department, Univer- problems now being carried on at the Yale sity of Chicago, will prepare an article for and University of Chicago libraries. Library Trends on the 1960 census and its A $5000 grant was made to the group implication for libraries with his $400 grant. known as The Larger Libraries of Maine, ALA also has received two grants. One of with Bowdoin College, Brunswick, acting as $1,629 will support preliminary inquiries on

SPECIAL LIBRARIES planning research for improving library serv- routines or buildings are sought. Deadline ice in metropolitan areas. $2,000 will be for receipt of entries is January 1, 1961, and spent for a study of the possibility of pre- awards will be announced in the March is- senting an exhibit of "The Library of the sue. Copies of the rules may be obtained Future" at the Century 21 World's Fair in from John Wakeman, Editor, 950 Univer- Seattle in 1962. sity Avenue, New York 52.

AD1 Appoints New Editor U. S. Scandinavian Documentation Center Dr. Luther H. Evans has been appointed A joint Scandinavian Documentation Center editor of Anlericun Documentation com- has been established in Washington, D. C. mencing with the January 1961 issue. Dr. by Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Evans, formerly Librarian of Congress and It is non-profit and will stimulate the ex- Director General of Unesco, is currently chanee" of-scientific and technical informa- project director of the Survey of Libraries in tion between the four countries, the United U. S. Federal Departments and Agencies for States and Canada. The Center, sponsored the Brookings Institution under a grant from by the Scandinavian Council for Applied Re- the Council on Library Resources, Inc. He search, a cooperative organization of Scan- was associated with ADI's founding in 1937 dinavia's national research councils, is lo- and instrumental, during his presidency in cated at 2136 P Street, N.W. and headed by 1952, in changing the Institute into a per- Arne Sverdrua*, a biochemist who has had sonal membership society. The retiring edi- extensive research training in Norway, Eng- tor, Dr. Jesse H. Shera, Dean of the School land and the United States. The group will of Library Science, Western Reserve Uni- attempt to fill procurement requests not versity, has served the journal since 1953. available through regular channels.

Commercial Book Papers May Have Coming Events 400-Year Life Span The University of Illinois Division of Uni- The Virginia State Library has published a versity Extension and the Graduate School of report on The iMatzufactmre and Testing of Library Science will hold an INSTITUTEON Dzcruble Book Papen, which indicates that COLLECTINGSCIENCE LITERATUREFOR the life expectancy of commercial book GENERALREADING, November 6-9, at Rob- papers may be increased from a present range ert Allerton Park, Monticello, Illinois. The of approximately 50 years to one of 400 fee for the entire Institute is $40, which years. The 64-page report, prepared by should be sent with reservations to: Institute Randolph W. Church, Virginia State li- Supervisor, l16b Illini Hall, Champaign, Ill. brarian, outlines new specifications for com- mercially manufactured paper that should Thermo-Fax Laminating Process come within the medium price range, based on the investigations of W. J. Barrow, docu- Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co. ment restorer at the Richmond institution. has announced a new method of laminating Mr. Barrow's investigations into the dura- papers, charts, photographs, cards and other bility of paper have been carried on during written or printed documents with plastic the past three years with the aid of grants film. The process involves no special equip- from the Council on Library Resources, Inc. I- I- SLA Sustaining Member Candid Library Photo Contest -, The following organization is an addition The Wilso~zLibva~y Bulletiu is holding a to the lists of Sustaining Members published in previous 1960 issues of Special photographic competition for candid pictures Libral.ie~ and represents new applications of libraries in action. Prizes will be offered received through September 23. 1960. in seven subject categories, and shots por- ~NIVERSITYBINDERY, St. Louis 3, Missouri traying the meaning of libraries rather than

OCTOBER 1760 ment nor adjustments to Thermo-Fax copying machines. Average cost of laminating a SPOTTED letter-size document on both sides ranges from nine to 12 cents depending on quan- The eminent British librarian, D. J. Fos- tities purchased, and the process takes less kett, commented in Stechert-Hafner Book than a minute. News (October 1958): "When seeking information, it is just as satisfactory to have Masonite Panelok System someone read you a piece of a book as to Adjustable metal shelves, supported by con- read it yourself; and any good librarian cealed metal supports between wood-grained soon gets to know the realiability of his wall panels, have been used in a library ap- sources. Scientists are happiest, and most plication of the Masonite Panelok system. efficiently employed, when working at the Between two-foot wide, grooved panels are bench, and so if they trust their librarian, perforated splines into which brackets for they will be quite content to delegate this responsibility for their bibliographical pre- supporting the shelves are slipped. The new paredness to him. This means that librarians system is available from lumber dealers must have or acquire some knowledge of throughout the United States. For additional the wide range of subiects usually covered information write Service Bureau, Masonite by a research team, but it does not mean, Corporation, Suite 2037, 111 West Wash- as some enthusiasts have implied, that he ington Street, Chicago 2. must be more expert than the experts, and tell them what they are to read. The li- Letter to the Editor brarian is quite able to suggest that a cer- We are very sorry that Drexel could not be tain article has a possible value for a scien- represented in the fine article by Mr-. Elizabeth tist, but the scientist must decide its actual Owens appearing in the July-August Special Li- value for himself." According to a braries summarizing the special librarianship programs of all the accredited library schools ex- statement from the Lake Placid Club, the cept Drexel. The fault is entirely our own, two Dewey decimal classification system is used copies of the questionnaire having been sent but in more than 14,000 libraries in the United apparently none was received in the library States as well as throughout Canada and school office. in English and Spanish editions in 65 for- The special librarianship picture at Drexel is eign countries. The English edition is being very bright. We have just hired a faculty mem- translated into Bahasa for use in Indonesia, ber to teach rpecifcally in this area and in sci- and scholars are completing translations for entific literature and documentation. He is Richard Thailand and Korea. The Library of Con- Davis, and he was formerly chief of the Tech- nology Department of the John Crerar Library in gress sells 26 million catalog cards a year, Chicago. of which 21 million carry Dewey numbers. We offer the following three quarter hour Speaking of classification, Erasmus Ad- courses in special librarianship and related sub- dlepate remarks in How to Read Two Books jects: (Stokes, 1940): "One value of classifications Reference Materials in Science and Technology is to produce an illusion of clarity on the Advanced Cataloging part of the reader while actually adding to Mass Media of Communications his bewilderment, thus accomplishing two Documentation Government Publications good ends. He continues in this doped con- Advanced Reference dition to buy further books on classification Special Library Service and to be undisturbed by the bright light of Subject Area Specialization simplicity." e Musing about the world Typically about 40 per cent of each graduating around him, the young hero of Robert Hein- class goes into special librarianship. lein's Have Space Snit, Will Tvavel (Scrib- In addition, library :chool students have access ner, 1958) says to himself: "Dad claims that to the technical, scientific and business adminis- library science is the foundation of all sci- tration courses offered elsewhere in the graduate ences-just as math is the key-and that we schools at Drexel. JOHN F. HARVEY,Dean will survive or founder depending on how Graduate School of Library Science well the librarians do their job. Librarians Drexel Institute of Technology don't look glamorous to me, but maybe Dad Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania has hit on a not very obvious truth." SPECIAL LIBRARIES Book Reviews frequently and so resentfully that it becomes prac- tically worthless. Fortunately, there are enough EMERGINGSOLUTIONS FOR MECHANIZINGTHE references to users in this very volume, in such STORAGEAND RETRIEVALOF INFORMATION(Stud- terms as "human recognition" characteristics, "par- ies in Coordinate Indexing, Vol. V). Moutimec. ticular environments" of systems, "receivers who Taube, compiler. Washington, D. C.: Documenta- present questions to the system" and "the size of tion Incorporated, 1959. 178 p. $5. (L.C. 53- questions expected," to indicate that the author 4043 ) himself doesn't really believe that anyone, even This volume is a collection of nine papers re- systems designers, can live in a vacuum. printed either from other publications or from ROBERTS. MEYER,Head Librarian talks presented at meetings. Mortimer Taube is the University of California author or co-author of the first five contributions. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory These are theoretical discussions of topics related Berkeley, California to mechanizing information-handling, such as the evaluation of systems on the basis of cost, the re- CATALOGINGAND CLASSIFICATION.Maurice F. lationship between storage and retrieval, a com- Tauber; SUBJECT HEADINGS.Carlyle J. Frarey parison of collating and linear searching, the im- (The State of the Library Art, volume 1, parts 1 possibility of designing a "universal machine" to and 2, edited by Ralph R. Shaw). New Bruns- tit all applications, the branches of logic applicable wick, N. J.: Graduate School of Library Service. to computers and storage and retrieval devices, the Rutgers-The State University Press, 1960, 271 ; sne of the questions to be put to a system and the 92 p. $8. (L.C. 60-7278) Comac (Continuous Multiple Access Collating) idea for a machine. The State of the Library Art, a series of volumes The other four chapters describe some specific being issued by the Graduate School of Library hardware and system installations: 1) the IBM Service, Rutgers University, with the financial 9900 Special Index Analyzer (a mechanized Uni- support of the Council on Library Resources, is a term Index developed from the Comac idea) ; 2) significant contribution to the bibliographical con- the IBM Universal Card Scanner (an electronic trol of the literature on librarian hip. Professor Luhn Scanner) and two projects utilizing it; 31 Maurice F. Tauber, Columbia University School DuPont's "concept coordination" system (a very of Library Service, has made a selective, objective slightly mechanized Uniterm system with fancy survey of the literature on cataloging and classi- accessories like "Word-association Matrix lists," fication problems, in volume one, part one; Pro- "term categories," "role indicators" and "associa- fessor Carlyle J. Frarey, University of North tion links"); and 4) Magnavox's Magnacards Carolina Library School, has reviewed and eval- (unit cards made of magnetic tape material). uated the literature on subject headings and the These developments of the last couple of years are subject catalog in part two. Their method of worth reading about if one hasn't already en- presenting information is a distinctive feature of countered them elsewhere. this volume. There is one paper, however, that might do The two authors have searched the literature on more harm than good in the search for "emerging a particular topic, have synthesized in descriptive solutions." In Chapter 4, Taube "attempts an eval- style the important published and unpublished uation of the total existing literature of use stud- writings and summarized the findings. Secondly, ies" of scientific information and reports a "gen- they have prepared a critique and evaluation of erally accepted failure of use studies." This is in- the writings. Their third approach to the same deed news to those of us who have found such subject has been to recommend basic research studies of great assistance in the planning and eval- studies. A terminal bibliography to each topic is uation of libraries and other information services. given. The author later concludes that "the organization In reviewing the literature on code revision, and disswnination of scientific information is a alternatives to card catalogs, distinctive features professional activity, the value of which cannot be in systems of reproducing catalog cards, collec- measured by consumer responses." This is a classic tanea files and numerous administrative problems, example of mistaking means for ends. An informa- Tauber raises pertinent questions that should be tion system is not a final end in itself but only a answered and further studied. One of the par- means to a further end, the goal of improved com- ticularly informative topics pertains to the union munication among its user.r. Disregarding the catalog situation in foreign countries; informa- user's needs, habits and desires usually results in tion was acquired from personal communications the kind of information system which, though or translated from the original accounts. Studies "efficient" and "logical" on paper, is used so in- on the cataloging and classification of government

OCTOBER 1960 documents and the management of technical re- and engineering as well as translations of articles ports literature are included, but non-book types originally published in foreign languages. The of materials, such as music, maps. slides and so annual subscription rate for members is $10; for on, have been omitted. nonmembers in the United States $15, and foreign Special librarians will find many articles evalu- $25. Further information is available from the ated by Frarey pertain to fields of particular con- Society at 65 Prospect Street, Stamford, Conn. cern to them-medicine, law, pure and applied sciences, social sciences. Studies on specificity in Copyright Law Revision subject headings, the see and see also reference The third Senate committee print on Copyright structure and subject heading terminology versus Lau Revision: Studies Prepared for the Subcom- user terminology are a few of the topics he has mittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights of critically examined. the Committee on the Judiciary, now is available Librarians writing papers on technical services from the Government Printing Office in Washing- should take note of the critici-ms and limitations ton, D. C. The studies include: Notice of Copy- of the studies reviewed by Tauber and Frarey, right, Commercial Use of the Copyright Notice, which were based on mere description. rationaliza- Use of the Copyright Notice by Libraries and tion and personal opinion. Research methodology False Use of Copyright Notice. specified in the projects conducted systematically and scientifically should also be noted. The pur- Alabama Health Union List pose of this series-to indicate lacunae in the The SLA Alabama Chapter has prepared the UIZ- literature and to define the needed areas of in- iofz Li.rt ol Hedlrh Science Periodica1.r Az,ailable in vestigation and research-is fulfilled in this vol- Selected Librurie.r in the State of Alabama, cover- ume, which is an important contribution to a ing the holdings of 25 libraries. It is priced at review of the status of the current knowledge of $2, and orders may be addressed to the Secretary- technical services. Treasurer, Alabama Chapter SLA, Air University It is regrettable that there are numerous mis- Library (3D), Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. spellings, typographical errors and inconsistencies in bibliographical references. The indexes are in- Classification Research Reading List adequate for finding many specific topics and Dr. Phyllis A. Richmond of the University of contain alphabetization mistakes. These errors Rochester Library has compiled a reading list de- seriously detract from the caliber of the publica- signed to serve as an introduction to the recent tion. literature of classification research and several MARYR. KINNBY related areas. The bibliography is arranged in the Associate Professor of Library Science following sections: Definition: What is Classifica- School of Library Science, Simmons College tion, Kinds of Bibliographic Classification, Recent Boston, Massachusetts Views on Classification, Subjects Related to Clas- New Serials sification and Aux~liaryBackground Material. Most of the references are in the University of Rochester PROBLEMSOF INFORMATIONSTORAGE AND RE- Library, Rochester, New York. TRIEVAL,an international quarterly being prepared. will cover original works on techniques and theory Physics Journal Increases Publication of information storage and retrieval, emphasizing The Physicr of Fluids, journal of the American scientific information and the intellectual problems Institute of Physics, will be published monthly involved. Yearly subscription rates are $20 a vol- instead of bimonthly effective with the 1961 volume to libraries, government, industry, university ume. Research in the areas of plasma physics, fluid departments and other multiple-reader organiza- dynamics and statistical mechanics has made tions and $15 to private individuals certifyins that doubling the number of issues desirable. the subscription is for their own use. Orders should be sent to Pergamon Press, Inc., 122 East Technical Literature Surveys 55th Street, New York 22. As Number 58 of its 0cca.rional Pdpers, the Uni- JOURNALOF CHEMICALDODUMENTATION, a semi- versity of Illinois Library School in Urbana pub- annual of the American Chemical Society starting lished this spring a 48-page survey of publications in 1961, will be concerned with the process of in the fields of interest of ~tsResources and Tech- revealing and using specific chemical knowledge. nical Services Division: The Literature of Tech- The annual subscription is $10 for nonmembers nical Services by Helen Welch; The Literature of and $7 for members. Orders may be sent to the Acquisitions by David Kaser; The Literature of Society at 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W., Washing- Cataloging and Classification by Kenneth W. ton 6, D. C. Soderland; The Literature of Serials by Robert R. Holmes; The Literature of Document Reproduc- SPE TRANSACTIONS,a quarterly scientific journal tion by Allen B. Veaner; The Literature of Inter- of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Inc., com- library Cooperation in Technical Services by mencing January 1961, will contain articles, com- Margaret D. Uridge; and The Literature of Li- plete or abridged, on basic polymer theory, science brary Resources by William Vernon Jackson. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Single copies of this, as well as previous Occu- DAVID,CHARLES W. The National Union Catalog sional Papers, are available gratis upon request to -1952-1955 Imprints. Library ]ournal, vol. 85, the editor. no. 13, July 1960, p. 2544-5. (See also College and Re.rearch Librarie.r. July 1960, p. 275-6.) Biological Materials Translated DOWNS, ROBERTB. ed. The Firit Freedom. Chi- The American Institute of Biological Sciences, cago: American Library Association, 1960. with support from the National Science Founda- GAYNOR,MILDRED. Index to Nursing Journals- tion, is currently translating and publishing seven Necessity or Luxury? Nurs2'?1g Outlook, vo1. 8, Russian research journals in biology: Doklady: no. 8, August 1960, p. 456. Biological Sciences Section: Doklady: Botanical MAYNARD,GLENN R. A Tour of Russian Li6rar- Sciences Section : Dokludy: Bjochemisiry Section : ies. Livermore, California: University of Califor- Plant Physiology; MicrobioloRy; Soviet Soil Sci- nia, Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1960. 22p. ence; and Entomological Reaieu,. AIBS can offer these translations at a fraction of their publication MEYER,EVA J. Library. In Psychoanalytic Educa- cost because of NSF's support, and further price tion in the United States by Bertram D. Lewin reductions are given to AIBS members and aca- and Helen Ross. New York: W. W. Norton & demic and non-profit libraries. In addition AIBS Co., 1960. has translated and published six Russian mono- MOOERS,CALVIN N. The Next Twenty Years in graphs on biological subjects. For more informa- Information Retrieval. American Documentation, tion write: American Institute of Biological Sci- vol. XI, no. 3, July 1960, p. 229-36. ences, 200 P Street, N.W.. Washington 6, D. C. . The Tape Typewriter Plan: a method for co-operation in documentation. Aslib Proceedings, Military Union List vol. 12, no. 8, August 1960, p. 277-291. Air University Library has just published the MORAN,MARGUERITE K. Indexing of Metal and Un~onList of Militdry Periodiculs, a result of the Thermit Corporation Research Records on Keysort combined efforts of military libraries in the United Cards. Americafz Documentation, vol. XI, no. 3, States and Canada. The list is primarily the prod- July 1960, p. 222-8. uct of a Military Librarians Workshop project NOURSE,LOUIS M. The Public Librarian Looks at begun in March 1957. Single copies may be ob- Religious Books. Library Journal, vol. 85, no. 15, tained from Air University Library, Technical September 1, 1960, p. 2871-4. Assistant to the Director, Maxwell Air Force RICHTER,JOHN HENRY, compiler. Ten-Year In- Base, Alabama. dex to Topical Publications. Milwaukee: Ameri- Preliminary Census Publications can Topical Association, 1960. $2. SHARP,HAROLD S. HOW to Control a Business As soon as the results are tabulated, preliminary Conference. vol. 40, no. 3, 1960, p. counts and advance statistics of the April 1960 Trained Men, census will be published as several series of 2-5. multilithed reports, beginning in July. These series . Getting Your Share from Technical Lit- erature? Product Engineering, July 4, 1960, p. will be superseded in 1961 and 1962 by final 40-1. volumes. The reports will cover housing and . How to Uncover Hidden Hazards in population information by census tracts, state and Your "Safe" Plant. Febru- local groupings, metropolitan statistical area ana- Management Methods. ary 1960, p. 97-101. lytical characteristics, city block characteristics, Let Middle Management Manage. components of change, residential financing and . Trained vol. 40, no. 3. 1960, p. 10-13. rural housing analytical characteristics. Men. . A Little Personal Job. Trained Men, vol. SLA Authors 40, no. 2, p. 16-8. . 10 Ways to Kill Progress. Trained Men, BEYERLY,ELIZABETH. Soviet Library Literature: vol. 39, no. 4, p. 16-9. A Survey of Selected Manuals of Methodology. . We Offer You a Professional Challenge. Library Quarterly, vol. 30, no. 3, July 1960, p. Trained Men, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 12-3. 173-87. SHOEMAKER,RICHARD H. Some American Twen- CARLSON,WILLIAM H. The Citadel of Reality. tieth Century Book Catalogs: Their Purposes, For- L~braryResources and Technical Serzicer, vol. 4, mat, and Production Techniques. Libra~p Re- no. 3, Summer 1960, p. 253-4. sources and Technicul Services, vol. 4, no. 3, CLUXTON,HARRIETTE M. Specs 'n' Stamps. Amer- Summer 1960, p. 195-207. Icun lournal of Optometry u~dArchives of Amer- TREZZA,ALPHONSE F. CLA's New York Con- icm Academy of Optometry, vol. 37, no. 6, June ference. Catholic Libwry World, vol. 31, no. 8, 1960, p. 320-4. May-June 1960, p. 469-78; 541-3. DANIELS,MARIETTA. The Promotion of Libraries ZAFREN,HERBERT C. Jeu~irh Neujspapers and in the Americas: A Five-Year Report of Activities Periodicals on Microfilm Available at the Ameri- of the Organization of American States. Lzblzwy can ]eu,ish Periodical Center. Cincinnati: Ameri- Quarterly, vol. 30, no. 3, July 1960, p. 201-8. can Jewish Periodical Center, 1960. OCTOBER 1960 RECENT REFERENCES B~BLIOGRAPHICALGUIDE TO THE STUDYOF THE LITERATUREOF THE U.S.A. Clavence Gohdes. Library Literature Durham: Duke University Press, 1959. 120 p. COMMUNICATION,2nd ed. Elmer D. Johnson. pap. $2.50. (L.C. 59-15074) New York: Scarecrow Press, 1960. 256 p. $5. Lists the chief tools necessary for the study of (L.C. 60-7263) United States literature, classified under 35 head- History of the development of the alphabet, ings; a selected group of books on the methods writing, printing, books and libraries. and techniques of research in the fields of history LIBRARIESAND BIBLIOGRAPHICCENTERS IN THE and literature; and the chief books or bibliogra- SOVIETUNION (Slavic and East European Series, phies in American history, biography, art, religion no. 16) Paul L. Horecky. Bloomington, Indiana and other Americana. University Publication, 1959. 288 p. pap. Apply. LITERATUREOF LIBERALADULT EDUCATION 1945- (Available from Indiana University Research Cen- 1957. J. D. Mezirow and Dorothea Berry, comps. ter in Anthropology, Folklore and Linguistics) New York: Scarecrow Press, 1960. 308 p. $6.50. (L.C. 59-63389) (L.C. 60-7264) Description of the day-to-day functioning of Annotated guide to journal articles, government Soviet libraries and bibliographic centers, their publications, pamphlets and books published since place in the Soviet cultural system and distinctive World War 11 in the United States, Great Britain features resulting from the impact of the Com- and Canada which deal with liberal adult educa- munist political philosophy. The study was sup- tion. ported by the Council on Library Resources, Inc. MASTER'STHESES AND DOCTORALDISSERTATIONS LIBRARYEVALUATION (Frontiers of Librarianship, IN THE PUREAND APPLIEDSCIENCES, 1958. Beth no. 2) Wayne S. Yenawine, ed. Syracuse: Syracuse M. Schick, ed. Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue Univer- University Press, 1959. 48 p. pap. $1.50 (L.C. sity, School of Mechanical Engineering, 1959. 59-14068) 500 p. pap. $6. Three papers presented at the Symposium on Represents 164 schools with 6607 titles covering Library Evaluation, Syracuse University School of 64 fields. Includes table of contents with subject Library Science, July 17, 1958, on book collections, classifications, a subject index and an index to the techniques of personnel rating and the func- schools with page references. tion and procedures of program evaluation, with SPACE TRAVEL; PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS. particular reference to adult education activities. Wright-Patterson Technical Library, Wright-Pat- PUBLICIXYPRIMER, 4th ed. Marie D. Loizeaux. terson Air Force Base, Ohio, 1958. 55 p. pap. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1959. 128 p. Bibliography of books, American Rocket Society, pap. $1.50 (L.C. 59-6608) Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences and Society Includes new chapter on the use of TV and of Automotive Engineers preprints and periodical radio, an expanded publicity calendar and a new references. bibliography. Primarily for public libraries. STATE GOVERNMENT:AN ANNOTATEDBIBLIOG- RISE OF CURRENTCOMPLETE NATIONAL BIBLI- RAPHY (RM-329) Chicago: Council of State OGRAPHY.LeRoy Harold Linder. New York: Governments, 1313 East 60th Street, 1959. 56 p. Scarecrow Press, 1959. 292 p. 56.50. (L.C. 59- pap. $2. 6546) Part One lists citations according to the form A study of the contents, arrangements and de- of the work; Part Two lists citations according velopment of the current complete national bibli- to broad subject headings. ographies of England, France, Germany and the A UNION LIST OF PUBLICATIONSIN OPAQUE United States with a view toward determining MICROFORMS.Ef~a Mazlde Tilton. comp. New the characteristics of success, patterns of develop- York: Scarecrow Press, 1959. 356 p. $7.50. (L.C. ment, physical structure and financial support 59-6549) necessary for such bibliographies. Compilation in dictionary order of American STUDIES IN BIBLIOGRAPHY.vol. 13. Fredson publishers' bibliographic li-tings of opaque micro- Bou~rv.r,ed. Charlottesville, Virginia: Bibliograph- print reproductions through December 1958. ical Society of the University of Virginia, 1960. 292 p. $6. (L.C. 49-3353 Re?.) Miscellaneous Twenty-one literary papers presented by mern- AGREEMENTON THE IMPORTATIONOF EDUCA- bers of the Society. Also selected checklist of TIONAL,SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURALMATERIALS, 1958 bibliographical scholarship. 2nd ed. Paris, France: Unesco, 1958. 32 p. pap. 506. Bibliographic Tools Description of the operation and application of ART IN LIFE. lane Clapp. New York: Scarecrow this Unesco agreement. Appendix gives the full Press, 1959. 504 p. $12.50. (L.C. 59-6544) text of the agreement. Index to the pictorial art reproductions, photo- DIRECTORYOF INSTITUTIONALPHOTODUPLICA- graphs of architecture, sculpture and the decora- TION SERVICESIN THE UNITED STATES. Co~by tive arts, and portraits of artists and historical and Brinkley, comp. Chicago: LJniversity of Chicago literary personages which appeared in Life from Library Photoduplication Service, 1959. 24 p. pap. 1936 through 1956. $1. SPECIAL LIBRARIES Section one gives a tabular listing and schedule FLINT PUBLICLIBRARY-two positions: Assictant of rates for institutional libraries offering signifi- Art, Music and Drama Department; Head, Busi- cant services; section two gives the addresses of ness and Industry Department. Beginning li- institutions in the tabular listing; section three brarians enter at $5,150. Beginning salary for experienced librarians ranges up to $7,345 de- gives mailing addresses of institutions not in pending upon experience and background. Library tabular listing which offer limited photoduplica- Science degree required. 4 weeks vacation. 5 day tion services, largely Thermofax and transfer proc- week. Credit for military experlence. Annual in- ess photocopies. crements, sick leave, social security and good re- DOCUMENTSOF INTERNATIONALMEETINGS 1953. tirement plan. Applv: Personnel Office, Flint Pub- Robert W. Schaaf, comp. Washington, D. C.: Li- lic Library, Flint, Michigan. brary of Congress, 1959. 210 p. pap. $1.50. (Available from Card Division, Library of Con- LIBRARIANto assist in the Catalog and Circulation gress.) Departments at Nazareth College Library. Ad- Bibliography of the official records of 250 in- dress inquiries to Sister M. Dominic, Nazareth ternational non-governmental meetings held in College. Rochester 10, New York. 1953. For most entries a note is given describing the sponsoring organization and relating the meet- MEDICALLIBRARIAN, TO head library in large ing to earlier and later conferences. Following midwestern medical school. Library also serves the note the documents in the Library of Con- biology and chemistry departments. Staff of 6; gress are described and their locations given by a processing done centrally. Faculty status, 4 weeks call number or symbol. An appendix lists 399 vacation, TIAA after 3 years' service, social security, life and medical insurance, tuition-free intergovernmental meetings held in 1953 and the course work. Fifth year degree in library science non-governmental meetings for which LC has no plus medical library experience required. Salary documents. commensurate with qualifications. Also Catalog EUROPAYEAR BOOK 1960, vol. 1: Europe, 1208 Librarian with knowledge of Spanish for Pius XI1 p. ; vol. 2 : Africa, Americas, Asia, Australasia, Memorial Library. Apply to: James V. Jones, 1200 p. London: Europa Publications Limited. ea. Director of Libraries, Saint Louis University, St. $25; set $44. Louis 8, Miysouri. EMPLOYEEPUBLICATIONS. IVilliam C. Halley. Philadelphia: Chilton Company, 1959. 152 p. $5. PROFESS~ONALASSISTANT with knowledge of ar- (L.C. 59-9467) chitecture and art history for School of Fine Arts The principles and problems involved in em- Library. Reference. proces-ing accessions, assisting ployee publications and a step-by-step pattern for with book selection and supervision of rare book producing an effective publication, including a collection. revision of subject headings, part-time cataloging of city planning pamphlets. M.L.S. picture portfolio reproducing actual features of degree and romance language required. Salary such publications. 54800-$5000. Contact Personnel Department, Uni- SCIENTIFICRUSSIAN. George E. Condoyanni.r. New versity of Pennsylvania, 3025 Walnut St., Phila- York: John Wiley, 1959. 240 p. pap. 53.50. (L.C. delphia 4, Pennsylvania. 59-9340) WHO'SWHO IN AMERICANART. Dorothy B. Gil- POSITIONS WANTED bert, ed. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1959. 736 p. $22.50. (L.C. 36-27014) -- P0S1~10~as technical or reference librarian by Lists for the first time museum directors, asso- woman with ability to organize. Broad experience ciate and assistant directors, heads of college and in engineering and metals research laboratories university art departments and Alaskan artists. including patent and research records. Write Box Also includes American and Canadian biographies. B 44. a geographical index, 1956-1959 obituaries and a list of open exhibitions. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING PARK AVENUE BOOKSELLERS Positions open and wanted-50 cent.r per line; "one of America's foremost suppliers of tech- minimum chdrge $1.50. Copy must be received by n~caland scientific books & journals" tenth of month preceding month of publication. - Technical & Scientific periodicals-complete sets-short runs-single volumes-all fields-- - ~p all languages. POSITIONS OPEN - Technical & Scientific books: out-of-print- domestic & F01eipn. CHICAGOspecial library has available a position - All new & important Technical & Scientific in the area of classifying and indexmg. for a books of U. S. and Foreign publishers. young woman between the ages of 25-35, with Send require~entsto: library school education. Company benefits include PARK AVENUE BOOKSELLER6 38 East 57th Street-Dept. TS insurance, hospitalization, pension plan. 5 day New York 22, New York week, 37% hours. Salary range $5.000-$6,400. Box B 45.

OCTOBER 1960 ASSISTANT TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN Professional opportunity in technical information center and library of research-minded, midwest company. Responsibilities include abstract service, preparation of bibliographies and general reference work. Also assists in preparing library publications, selecting books, periodicals and other media and cataloguing. Requires Library Science graduate with some academic training in chemistry. New technical library and research center with facilities for 200 scientists to be completed by December. Located in growing city of 80,000. Excellent recreation facilities including Lake Decatur. Modern school system plus Millikin Uni- versity. Located within easy driving distance of St. Louis and Chicago. Please send resume of experience and education to G. M. Prust. A. E. STALEY MANUFACTURING COMPANY DECATUR, ILLINOIS

ASSISTANT LIBRARIAN PROFESSIONAL CONSULTING CATALOGER OPPORTUNITY Excellent opportunity for woman SLA's Consultation Service Com- with NLS degree or equivalent experience. Current responsibilities: mitree needs qualified members to cataloging, classification, interli- serve as library consultants on a brary loans, subject files. Some experience and science background fee basis, plus expenses. Appli- desirable. Excellent working condi- cants with library administrative tions in beautiful, modern library experience preferred. serving departments of chemistry, clinical investigation, and pharma- cology in new research center. Com- Obtain further information and munity has extensive cultural and application form by writing: recreational opportunities. Salary commensurate with training and experience. Liberal benefit pro- Mrs. Florence H. Armstrong, Chairman gram. Send complete resume to 2751 E. Jefferson Ave. Technical Employment Manager, Detroit 7, Michigan Parke, Davis & Company, Research Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARY LIBRARY PERSONNEL 'Two keg positions are now open in Convair/ ASSISTANT San Diego's new Engineering Research Li- brary. These assignments offer real advance- ment opportunity plus a broad range of other Salaried position in technical library of benefits, including company-suonsored educa- tional jrrograrns a large West Coast electronics research, development, and manufacturing com- REFERENCE LIBRARIAN pany. Will assist Supervisor, Technical To assume full resoonsibilitv for reference

duties.. inrlurline~ anherins reauestq for in Information Center, in direction of formatiun, bihliographies,~-~scann'ingtecKni&l journals, editing library publications, develop- professional and clerical staff in cata- ing reference collection, and special projects. loging, acquisition, processing and cir- Requires two years of experience in technical l~brarywork, plus graduation from an ac- culation effort. Requirements : Male credited library school. with Masters Degree in Library Sci- ence ; undergraduate work in engineer- CATALOGER Primary responsibility will he cataloging of ing or physical science preferred; min- hooks and research reports. Will also aid in imum of 2-3 years experience in Tech- develop~ng and maintaining authority files, editing of library bulletin and yarticipatiot~ nical or Special Library. in special projects. Requires one year of experience and graduation from an accredited library school. Write to: V. J. Michel Qualified applicants are invited to submit a detailed resume to Mr. M. C. Curtis. In- Dept. 3040-3,Bldg. 2 dustrial Kelat~onsAdministrator-Engineering.

AUTONETICS CONVAIR/SAN DIEGO Coyair Division of 12830 South Clark Avenue Downey, California GENERAL DYNAMICS A Division of North American Aviation, Inc. Son Diego 12, California

The General Electric Company is seek- defense systems and missiles. United ing a Technical Librarian capable of States citizenship is required. assuming direction of an important scientific research library in Schenec- RESPONSIBILITIES: Applicant selected tady, N. Y. An outstanding career op- will have responsibility for the selec- portunity for a qualified Librarian, this tion, procurement, indexing, cataloging, position offers an excellent salary struc- and distribution of technical literature ture, good working environment, and related to electrical engineering and the of course includes General Electric's physical sciences. Duties include super- extensive benefits program. vision of 2 clerks and security control Relocation assistance will be pro- of classified documents. 221-5 vided. Please mail your resume in confidence to: QUALIFICATIONS: Applicant should have J. E. Harrah a B.S. degreeor a B.A. and B.L.S. Advance Engineering Operation Previous experience might include work in a technical library, preferably Building 28, Room 402 one which is part of an organization General Electric Company doing research and development on Schenectady, New York

OCTOBER 1960 TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN TECHNICAL LIBRARY LI BRARlAN of approximately 15,000 volumes and a large collection of Atomic Energy Com- Excellent opening for librarian to man- mission Reports. age an established engineering library for DUTIES a prominent mid-west manufacturer in Will report directly to head librarian; the aviation field. provide reference and literature survey services to scientists, engineers, and ad- Library science degree preferred with ministrative personnel ; assist in acquisi- some scientific or technical background tion of new material and supervision of and previous industrial librarian experi- clerical assistants. ence desirable. QUALIFICATIONS Attractive salary, liberal benefits. Profes- Technical background (B.S. degree in chemistry or physics preferred), a work- sional relationships and pleasant working ing knowledge of French or German, de- conditions. gree in library science. Library experience desirable but not required. Send confidential resume including salary The salary will be commensurate with requirement to: training and experience.

MGR. TECHNICAL EMPLOYMENT Send resume to : UNION CARBIDE NUCLEAR CO. P. 0.Box 671 9 Central Employment Office Cleveland 1, Ohio Technical Personnel Jack & Heintz, Inc. P. 0. Box M Oak Ridge, Tennessee

FACETED CLASSIFICATION a guide to construction and use of special schemes

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Designed to meet the need for coilstructioil of special classifications for detailed arrangement and cataloguing ol technical documents and as a guide for designers of retrieval systems.

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES For non-librarian management- For library adnzinirtrato~s- CHECKLIST Standard's for the Organization, , Library Furniture Operation and Evaluation of a Company Library Form and function combine with specialized craftsmanship and the EVALOU FISHER finest materials to make Formerly Chief Librarian Standard's line of library furniture Lockheed Aircraft Corporation the complete answer to your I.. Missiles and Space Division ,... library operation and decor. Part I presents general problems of administrators and management, such as, how to determine what types of materials are used and the extent to which they are used; what salary and status rating the chief library officer should have; what services would be of particular use; how existing materials can DESIGNED.. .by our own technical staff be brought together into an informa- working with the nation's top library furniture designers. tion center. BUILT. . .of rugged, long- Part II deals with specific problems, for service hard woods, implemented by the finest tradition- example, acquisitions ; archives ; bind- ally proved cabinetry techniques - and hand finished to ing ; budget ; circulation ; clippings ; in- gleaming perfection. ventory; research and laboratory notebooks ; reports of operations. UNCONDITIONALLY GUARANTEED.. . against warping, splitting and Part III recommends a minimum plan defects of material and workmanship with five simple areas of responsibility, for a full year. followed by a development outline for later expansion without backtracking The famous, nationally recognized and accepted Donnell line of library furniture or revising procedures. is exclusively manufactured by Standard Wood Products. Books and articles have been selected Send today for our latest catalog. for each section for quick reading and Study it at your leisure. Then call in reference whenever more detailed back- our free planning service specialists to get maximum quality, service and ground is needed. Addresses and per- layout efficiency. No obligation, of course. tinent data on the cited journals are given in the Appendix.

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OCTOBER 1960 WALTER J. JOHNSON, INC. Expert Service on Complete subscription service for domestic and foreign periodicals MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS Sale and Acquisition of for Scientific periodicals: complete sets, short runs, single volumes-all fields, SPECIAL LIBRARIES all languages Send requirements and ofiers to WALTER J. JOHNSON, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue New York 3, N. Y. Faxon's Librarians Guide Free on request

SWETS & ZElTLlNGER For the very best subscription service Keizersgracht 471 & 487 at competitive prices-ask about our Amsterdam-C. Holland New and Secondhand Bookdealers Till Forbidden IBM-RAMAC plan. Current Subscriptions Periodicals, Sets, Backfiles, and Separate Volumes. American Repre~entalrve F. W. FAXON CO., INC. WALTER D. LANTZ 83-91 Francis Street Boston 15, Mass. 555 WOODSIDE AVE., BERWYN, PA. Continuous Library Service Since 1886 Suburban Philadelphia Phone: Niogara 4-4944

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The CWc>,rld's Lading ,(/nte~nationrcl Booksellets 31 East 10th Street, New York 3, N. Y. THE HOUSE OF BUTTERWORTH, whose or-lgins date back to s~xteenthcentury London where the first books appeared under the slgn of the Hande & Starre, has pleasure in announc~ngthe format~or~of a new company to handle the sale and dlstributlon ot its medical and sc~entlficpublicat~ons, and also to publ~shII? the U S A BUTTERWORTH Cornpan~esare already operating not o~ilyIn England, but In Canada, Australla, New Zealand and South Afrlco-and now in the Un~tedStates of America

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