Faculty of Degree Engineering - 083 Department of Civil Engineering – 06
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Coverrailway Curves Book.Cdr
RAILWAY CURVES March 2010 (Corrected & Reprinted : November 2018) INDIAN RAILWAYS INSTITUTE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING PUNE - 411 001 i ii Foreword to the corrected and updated version The book on Railway Curves was originally published in March 2010 by Shri V B Sood, the then professor, IRICEN and reprinted in September 2013. The book has been again now corrected and updated as per latest correction slips on various provisions of IRPWM and IRTMM by Shri V B Sood, Chief General Manager (Civil) IRSDC, Delhi, Shri R K Bajpai, Sr Professor, Track-2, and Shri Anil Choudhary, Sr Professor, Track, IRICEN. I hope that the book will be found useful by the field engineers involved in laying and maintenance of curves. Pune Ajay Goyal November 2018 Director IRICEN, Pune iii PREFACE In an attempt to reach out to all the railway engineers including supervisors, IRICEN has been endeavouring to bring out technical books and monograms. This book “Railway Curves” is an attempt in that direction. The earlier two books on this subject, viz. “Speed on Curves” and “Improving Running on Curves” were very well received and several editions of the same have been published. The “Railway Curves” compiles updated material of the above two publications and additional new topics on Setting out of Curves, Computer Program for Realignment of Curves, Curves with Obligatory Points and Turnouts on Curves, with several solved examples to make the book much more useful to the field and design engineer. It is hoped that all the P.way men will find this book a useful source of design, laying out, maintenance, upgradation of the railway curves and tackling various problems of general and specific nature. -
Track, Wheel and Engineering Data and Drawings
DEERFIELD AND ROUNDABOUT RAILWAY LAKE FOREST LIVE STEAMERS RAILWAY MUSEUM INCORPORATED Track, Wheel and Engineering Data and Drawings Produced and Edited by Jeffrey G. Hook NOTICE: Any and all information, data, images or drawings published as part of this document have been prepared solely for the non-commercial amateur engineering use of designers, builders, maintainers or operators of one-eighth scale model railway track, locomotives or rolling stock. It has been compiled from information sources believed by Lake Forest Live Steamers Railway Museum Incorporated and any author credited to be competent. However, recognizing that each component of any system must be designed and installed to meet the particular circumstances, Lake Forest Live Steamers Railway Museum Incorporated and any author credited assumes no responsibility or liability of any kind in connection with the information, data, images or drawings published as part of this web site that are used in any way by any person or organization and makes no representations or warranties of any kind hereby. Definitions of Terms Relating to Track Work. Document DRTRK1 Current Revision 02-21-2013 Standard Dimensions, Tolerances and Data for Railway Wheels, Wheel Mounting, Unguarded Track Gage and Track Gage and Flangeways at Frogs and Crossings. Drawings DRTRK3-A Current Revision 04-16-2019 Drawing DRTRK3-B Current Revision 06-04-2021 DRTRK3 Table No. 1: Track and Wheel Set Standard Dimensions, Maximum Limits, Minimum Limits and Minimum Clearance Allowed Between Associated Track and Wheel Set Limits. Current Revision 04-04-2019 Drawing DRTRK3 Figure D: Plan view of guarded track at typical crossing. Current Revision 09-01-2004 Drawing DRTRK3 Figure E: Plan view of guarded track at typical turnout frog. -
Chapter 2 Track
CALTRAIN DESIGN CRITERIA CHAPTER 2 - TRACK CHAPTER 2 TRACK A. GENERAL This Chapter includes criteria and standards for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance as well as materials of Caltrain trackwork. The term track or trackwork includes special trackwork and its interface with other components of the rail system. The trackwork is generally defined as from the subgrade (or roadbed or trackbed) to the top of rail, and is commonly referred to in this document as track structure. This Chapter is organized in several main sections, namely track structure and their materials including civil engineering, track geometry design, and special trackwork. Performance charts of Caltrain rolling stock are also included at the end of this Chapter. The primary considerations of track design are safety, economy, ease of maintenance, ride comfort, and constructability. Factors that affect the track system such as safety, ride comfort, design speed, noise and vibration, and other factors, such as constructability, maintainability, reliability and track component standardization which have major impacts to capital and maintenance costs, must be recognized and implemented in the early phase of planning and design. It shall be the objective and responsibility of the designer to design a functional track system that meets Caltrain’s current and future needs with a high degree of reliability, minimal maintenance requirements, and construction of which with minimal impact to normal revenue operations. Because of the complexity of the track system and its close integration with signaling system, it is essential that the design and construction of trackwork, signal, and other corridor wide improvements be integrated and analyzed as a system approach so that the interaction of these elements are identified and accommodated. -
Military Railways
PROFESSIONAL PAPERS, No. 32 CORPS OF ENGINEERS, U. S. ARMY MILITARY RAILWAYS BY MAJ. W. D. CONNOR CORPS OF ENGINEERS V REVISED EDITION :916 Reviewed and Approved by the Board on Engineer Troops WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 WAR DEPARTMENT Document No 539 Office 0/the Chief of Engineers WAR DEPARTMENT, OFFICE 05' THE CHIEF OP STAFF, Washington, May 5, 1915. The following Manual of Military Railways, prepared by Maj. William D. Connor, Corps of Engineers, is approved and published for the information and government of the Regular Army and the Organized Militia of the United States.It is intended to supplement Part IV, Military Railways, of the Engineer Field Manual (Pro- fessional Papers No. 29, Corps of Engineers). By order of the Secretary of War: TASKER H. BLISS, Major General, Acting Chief of Sf aff. 3 . MILITARY RAILROADS. COMBAT RAILWAYS. 1. The subject of military railroads as here treated willinclude the location, construction, operation, and maintenance of railroads in the theaterof war under military auspices and for military purposes; that is, with apersonnel consisting of officers, enlisted men, and civilian employees, and for the main purposeof facilitat- ing the movements and supply of the Army. The difference between war and peace conditions will cause awide departure of military from civil railroad practice.Some of the conditions of military railroad earvice are: (a) Quick results for a short period are of the first consideration. (t) The mechanical possibilities of the property can not befully developed by reason of an untrained personnel. Speed requirements are moderate and practically uniform for alltraffic. -
Florida High Speed Rail Authority High Speed Rail Project Civil Infrastructure Design Guidelines July 16, 2002
Florida High Speed Rail Authority High Speed Rail Project Civil Infrastructure Design Guidelines July 16, 2002 1.0 Introduction It is anticipated that a high speed rail system will be constructed in the State of Florida under a design build operate and maintain (DBOM) contract. Preliminary engineering and environmental assessment are proceeding on the St. Petersburg to Orlando corridor in order to select a preferred alignment, satisfy the NEPA process and develop DBOM request for proposal documents. Multiple high speed ground transportation technologies exist, including diesel-electric and electric powered steel wheel/steel rail systems and magnetic levitation systems. Rail systems offer both conventional and tilt suspensions. The performance and infrastructure requirements of each technology are different. The key differences for alignment are the maximum speeds attainable with each technology – a range of 120mph to 250 mph. In order to enable the competitive marketplace to present the best option for the citizens of Florida, the Authority has not made a technology selection. This complicates the preliminary engineering task, as the alignments and infrastructure must be designed to allow the application of the range of technologies. The alignments must be designed, so as not to preclude the use of or unjustly penalize the performance of any technology. (One exception to this concept exists – Maglev systems shall not be permitted adjacent to the existing CSX railroad due in part to the perception by CSX that EMI may affect the performance of the CSX signal system.) The High Speed Rail Project Civil Infrastructure Design Guidelines are established to guide the preliminary design decisions in a manner consistent with these objectives. -
Fundamentals of Railway Curve Superelevation with Explanation of Curve Radius and Degree of Curve
Fundamentals of Railway Curve Superelevation with Explanation of Curve Radius and Degree of Curve By Jeffrey G. Hook Original April 20, 2010, Revised April 8, 2017 Centrifugal Force. Railway locomotives and cars, hereafter referred to as rolling stock, when rounding a curve may be considered as coming under the influence of centrifugal force. Centrifugal force commonly defined as: 1. The apparent force that is felt by an object moving in a curved path that acts outwardly away from the center of rotation. 2. An outward force on a body rotating about an axis, assumed equal and opposite to the centripetal force and postulated to account for the phenomena seen by an observer in the rotating body. For this article the use of the phrase centrifugal force or the abbreviation Fc shall be understood to be an apparent force as defined above. It shall also be understood that unless specified otherwise when the word curve is used it refers to a circular curve or simple curve, that being a curve of constant radius. Suspension Systems Considered. Only rolling stock suspension systems of conventional design, circa 1980, are considered for this article. Active or passive rolling stock center of gravity modifying devices or schemes such as tilting car bodies or trucks, or pendulum suspension schemes are not applicable to and the explanation of which is beyond the scope of this article. Effect of Centrifugal Force. When rolling stock rounds a curve and the rails of the track are at the same elevation, the plane of track is horizontal, the combination of the weight of the rolling stock W and the centrifugal force Fc will produce a resultant force Fr that does not coincide with the center line or axis of track. -
Engineering Specifications for Industrial Tracks
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL TRACKS OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER STRUCTURES, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION Revised January 31, 2019 CN Engineering Specifications for Industrial Tracks Summary of Revisions to this Edition This document supersedes all previous versions of CN’s Engineering Specifications for Industrial Track Standards. Please discontinue using any previous versions of CN’s Engineering Specifications for Industrial Tracks. Revised: January 31, 2019 CN Engineering Specifications for Industrial Tracks Table of Contents 1. Applicability ........................................................................................................................... 1 2. Industry Track Project Overview ............................................................................................ 2 3. Grading Design and Construction Standards .......................................................................... 6 3.1 Drainage Design Plan ...................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Grading Construction ...................................................................................................... 7 3.2.1 Embankment Construction .................................................................................................. 8 3.2.2 Moisture and Density Control .............................................................................................. 8 3.2.3 Post Construction Erosion Control ..................................................................................... -
Analytics~ Descriptions Of· Track . Geometry Variations
Analytics~ Descriptions of· U.S. Department Track .. Geometry Variations ot Transportation Federal.·Railroad I Administration Office of Research and Development ·volume l- Main Text Washington D.C 20590 A. Hamid K. Rasmussen·· M. Saluja T-L. Yang ENSCO. Inc. .. ... • .. • Transportatiol"! T~hnology. Engin.tjng. Division 5400 Port RovarRoad · · · · Springfiel'd ·VA .22.151 · DOT /FRA/ORD·83/03.1 December 1983 This document is available to the . Public through the National . ; ";.· Technical Information Service, '•·..·.• .... ' Springfield, Virginia 22161. - :k & Structures This document is disseminated under the sponsorsnip of the Department of Transportation in the interest o.£ information exchange. The United State$ Government assum~s no liability. for its contents or .use thei:edf. The contents of ·this report reflect the view . o~ SW$«=6, Inc. who is responsible for -the facts and the .~ceut~~Y of the data pteEiiE!rited her:ein. The contents c!6 irt()t necessarily reflect. the official view. or policy <:>~> 1;he Department of Transportat:l:on. - ·This report doe,s >')not · constitute a standard, specification, or re9ulatioti. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. RepCJrt No. 2. Government Ac::eess1on No. , 3. Recipient's Cote1to9 No. DOT/FRA/ORD-83/03.l 4. Title <1nd Subtitle 5. Report Date ANAL YT I.CAL DESCRIPTIONS OF TRACK GEOMETRY December 1983 I VARIATIONS 6. F'erformfog Organize1tion Cod• . 1444-105-08 • I VOLUME I MAIN TEXT S. Flerforming Organization Report No. 7, Aurltor' sl - I DOT-FR-82-03 A. Hamid, K. Rasmussen, M. Baluja & T-L. Yang 9. Flerforming Organi:ation·Name and Address 10. Worlc Unit No. -
Track Modernisation Chapter V Curves and Superelevation
TRACK MODERNISATION CHAPTER V CURVES AND SUPERELEVATION 5.1 NECESSITY OF A CURVE A curve is provided to by-pass obstacles, to have longer and easier gradients or to route the line through obligatory or desirable locations. 5.2 RADIUS OR DEGREE OF A CURVE A curve is defined either by radius or by its degree. The degree of a curve (D) is the angle subtended as its center by a chord of 30.5 meters or 100 feet. The value of the degree of the curve can be found out as indicated below: (i) Circumference of a circle = 2ᴫR (ii) Angle subtended at the center by a circle having the above circumference = 3600 (iii) Angle subtended at the center By a 30.5 m chord or degree of curve =360/2ᴫR x 30.5 = 1750/R approx. (R is in meters) (iv) Angle subtended at the center by a = 360/2ᴫR1x 100 100 feet arc or degree of curve = 5730/R1 (R1 is in feet) In case when Radius is very large, an arc of a circle is almost equal to the chord connecting the two ends of the arc. The degree of the curve is thus given by the following formula: D = 1750/R When R is in meters D = 5730/R1 Where R1 is in feet. A 20 curve has, therefore, a radius of 1750/2 = 875meters. Or 5730/2 = 2865 feet. 5.3 Relationship between radius and Versine of a curve. The relationship between radius and versine can be established as indicated below. (Fig.5.1) Let R be the Radius of the curve. -
106 Subpart C—Track Geometry V E D . = +3 0 0007
§ 213.51 49 CFR Ch. II (10–1–10 Edition) (1) Along the right-of-way, and Subpart C—Track Geometry (2) At highway-rail crossings; (This paragraph (b)(2) is applicable Sep- § 213.51 Scope. tember 21, 1999.) This subpart prescribes requirements (c) Interfere with railroad employees for the gage, alinement, and surface of performing normal trackside duties; track, and the elevation of outer rails (d) Prevent proper functioning of sig- and speed limitations for curved track. nal and communication lines; or (e) Prevent railroad employees from § 213.53 Gage. visually inspecting moving equipment (a) Gage is measured between the from their normal duty stations. heads of the rails at right-angles to the rails in a plane five-eighths of an inch below the top of the rail head. (b) Gage shall be within the limits prescribed in the following table— Class of track The gage must be at least— But not more than— Excepted track ................................................... N/A .................................................................... 4′101⁄4″. Class 1 track ...................................................... 4′8″ .................................................................... 4′10″. Class 2 and 3 track ........................................... 4′8″ .................................................................... 4′93⁄4″. Class 4 and 5 track ........................................... 4′8″ .................................................................... 4′91⁄2″. § 213.55 Alinement. Alinement may not deviate from uni- formity more than the amount pre- scribed in the following table: Tangent track Curved track The deviation of The deviation of The deviation of the mid-offset the mid-ordinate the mid-ordinate Class of track from a 62-foot from a 31-foot from a 62-foot line 1 may not be chord 2 may not chord 2 may not more than— be more than— be more than— (inches) (inches) (inches) Class 1 track .................................................................................. -
Stringlining of Railroad Curves
STRINGLINING OF RAILROAD CURVES COMMITTEE REPORT Chairman: A.M. Charrow, Asst. Dir. - Mtce., Santa Fe Co-chairman: B. Jamison, Tech. Instr., Norfolk Southern In this age of automatic tampers, computers, geometry cars, and, of course, reduced forces, why bother teaching the traditional methods of stringlining? The answer to that question is that the traditional methods of stringlining will allow the practitioner to rapidly field determine curvature and, if necessary, line track with low tech hardware. Railroad track is a dynamic structure, and there are many causes of its movement from design alignment to one of irregular alignment, particularly on curves. Train operations impart forces to the track structure which over time tend to change the alignment. This was recognized early by our predecessors who discovered that as speeds increased, the alignment entering and leaving simple curves became distorted, which in turn lead to the development of transition curves between the tangents and simple curves and spirals. However, even with perfectly designed curves with the correct superelevation and spiral length for the associated curvature and track speed, lateral forces will still occur as not every train will be operating at design speed. Running traffic at an unbalanced condition is a compensation for this, but lateral forces will still be imparted to the track related to directional tonnage, grades, and current of traffic operation. Therefore, alignment should be expected to change or deteriorate as time goes by through normal operations eventually requiring surfacing and lining. Compounding the above, there exists locations not blessed with perfectly designed or constructed subgrades, which for various reasons, poor original location, poorly constructed fill, slides or high water, the alignment changes. -
Railway ,Tunnels and Bridges
RAILWAY ,TUNNELS AND BRIDGES LEARNING OBJECTIVE The subject will cater to the needs of those technicians who would like to find employment in the construction of railway tracks, bridges and tunnels. The subject aims at providing broad based knowledge regarding various components and construction of railway track, bridges and tunnels DETAILED CONTENTS PART – I: RAILWAYS 1. Introduction to Indian Railways 2. Railway surveys: Factors influencing the railways route, brief description of various types of railway survey 3. Classification of permanent way describing its component parts 4. Rail Gauge: Definition, types, practice in India 5. Rails – types of rails 6. Rail Fastenings: Rail joints, types of rail joints, fastenings for rails, fish plates, bearing plates 7. Sleepers: Functions of sleepers, types of sleepers, requirements of an ideal material for sleepers. 8. Ballast: Function of ballast, requirements of an ideal material for ballast 9. Crossings and signallings: Brief description regarding different types of crossings/ signallings (Latest electronics operated signal devices ) 10. Maintenance of track: Necessity, maintenance of track, inspection of soil, track and fixtures; maintenance and boxing of ballast maintenance gauges, tools 11. Earth work an drainage: Features of rail road, bed level, width of formation, side slopes, drains, methods of construction, requirement of drainage system PART-II: BRIDGES (35 hrs) 12. Introduction Bridge – its function and component parts, difference between a bridge and a culvert 13. Classification of Bridges Their structural elements and suitability: 1 According to life-permanent and temporary 2 According to deck level – Deck, through and semi-through 3 According to material –timber, masonry, steel, RCC, pre-stressed According to structural form; - Grade Seperators-Railway Overbridges (ROB), Railway underbridge (RUB) - Beam type –RCC, T-Beam, steel girder bridges, plate girder and box girder, balanced cantilever, Trussed bridges.