DOCSLIB.ORG

Explorations in Ethnicity and Social Change Among Zulu-Speaking San Descendents of the Drakensberg Mountains, Kwazulu-Natal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Explorations in Ethnicity and Social Change Among Zulu-Speaking San Descendents of the Drakensberg Mountains, Kwazulu-Natal Explorations in Ethnicity and Social Change among Zulu-speaking San Descendents of the Drakensberg Mountains, KwaZulu-Natal By Michael Francis Supervisor: Keyan Tomaselli Submitted to the Faculty of Human Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, in fulfilment of the requirements of a PhD in Culture, Communication and Media Studies 1 List of Acronyms used in thesis.................................................................... 4 List of Figures used in thesis ........................................................................ 4 Abstract........................................................................................................ 5 Declaration................................................................................................... 6 A note on pronunciation ............................................................................... 9 The Field site.............................................................................................. 10 Introduction................................................................................................ 11 Naming the Bushmen................................................................................................ 21 Outline of chapters.................................................................................................... 27 Chapter One – Imaging the San.................................................................. 30 Ethnography of the Southern San .............................................................................. 30 The purity of the ‘Bushman’ ..................................................................................... 30 Essentialised imagery of the Bushmen ...................................................................... 31 The Wild Bushmen ................................................................................................... 34 Research into the San of the Drakensberg.................................................................. 36 The Kalahari Debate ................................................................................................. 39 Contemporary ‘Culturalism’...................................................................................... 44 Anthropological Authenticity: Synthetic memory, Performative acts, and Anthropological Facts ............................................................................................... 45 Synthetic Memory and Mass Mediated Imagery........................................................ 54 Zulus as Different Types of Africans......................................................................... 56 Zulu Nationalism ...................................................................................................... 60 Chapter Two - Methodology: Anthropological cultural studies................... 64 Participant Observation............................................................................................. 64 Study of Ordering ..................................................................................................... 73 Invention of Culture .................................................................................................. 76 Chapter Three - A brief history of the Drakensberg.................................... 78 Prehistory and Archaeology of the Drakensberg........................................................ 78 Early Colonial History .............................................................................................. 81 Chief Dumisa and the Botwas ................................................................................... 84 Archaeological Colonisation of the Southern San...................................................... 87 A Family Tree........................................................................................................... 92 A Family History ...................................................................................................... 96 Chapter Four- Contested histories: A critique in the Rock Art.................. 103 Images of Mystery .................................................................................................. 103 Rain Animals and Snake Stories of the Rock Paintings ........................................... 107 2 Rain Makers and Shamans: a continuation from the past ......................................... 114 Imitation or Non-San Rock Art ............................................................................... 117 The Crossing: The creation of the Eland ceremony.................................................. 120 Cultural Re-invention.............................................................................................. 123 The Eland Ceremony............................................................................................... 125 Cultural Survival/Cultural Revival .......................................................................... 134 Chapter Five - Subjects and subjectivities: Where do we all fit in?........... 138 The Significance of the Umuzi ................................................................................ 140 Baasskap and Apartheid Era Race Relations............................................................ 144 Fieldwork Experiences as Subjective Encounters .................................................... 147 Utshwala, Beer, and ‘Hotstuff’: Drinking with the Amadoda .................................. 151 Why Study Others? ................................................................................................. 156 Chapter Six - Poverty and Parks: Rural development, rural poverty and structural violence .................................................................................... 161 The cycle of poverty................................................................................................ 161 Competition Over Resources Between the Parks and People ................................... 164 Selling Ethnicity and Development ......................................................................... 173 Commodity Culture and Cultures of Commodities: Ethnicity and Development...... 184 Structural violence .................................................................................................. 188 Chapter Seven – Ethnic identities and their Public Representation ........... 191 Survival International.............................................................................................. 193 Day of Reconciliation: One hundred years late........................................................ 198 San Organisations of Southern Africa...................................................................... 200 Traditionalists Versus Modernists ........................................................................... 202 Conclusions.............................................................................................. 208 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 221 Primary Sources...................................................................................................... 221 Published Sources ................................................................................................... 221 Unpublished papers and thesis................................................................................. 237 Government Documents.......................................................................................... 238 Media Sources ........................................................................................................ 239 Historical Archives ................................................................................................. 240 Websites ................................................................................................................. 240 Music...................................................................................................................... 240 Filmography............................................................................................................ 241 3 List of Acronyms used in thesis ANC – African National Congress CKGR- Central Kalahari Game Reserve IFP – Inkatha Freedom Party KZN – KwaZulu-Natal NKCC – National Khoi-San Consultative Conference RADP - Remote Area Dweller Programme SASC – South African San Council SASI – Southern African San Institute SI – Survival International TAKI – The Ancient Knowledge Initiative UN- United Nations UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization WIMSA – Working group of Indigenous Minorities in Southern Africa List of Figures used in thesis Figure 1: A view of the Kamberg Peak from the village…………………………….......14 Figure 2: Bushman Boy…………………………………………………………….........35 Figure 3: Shaka Zulu bus…………………………………………………………...........55 Figure 4: Red buck………………………………………………………………….......104 Figure 5: Red jackal……………………………………………………………….........104 Figure 6: White buck……………………………………………………………….......104 Figure 7: Faded eland…………………………………………………………………..104 Figure 8: Rosetta panel Game Pass Shelter…………………………………………….105 Figure 9: Full panel of eland………………………………………………………........105 Figure 10: Eland headed snake……..………………………………………………..…109 Figure 11: Orpen’s untitled copy of rock painting……………………………………...110 Figure 12: Rain Bull……………………………………………………………….........116 Figure 13: Imitation eland…………………………………………………………........118 Figure 14: Imitation buck……………………………………………………………….118 Figure 15: My hut……………………………………………………………….
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maloti-Drakensberg Park, Lesotho & South Africa
    IUCN World Heritage Outlook: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ Maloti-Drakensberg Park - 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment Maloti-Drakensberg Park 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment SITE INFORMATION Country: Lesotho, South Africa Inscribed in: 2000 Criteria: (i) (iii) (vii) (x) The Maloti-Drakensberg Park is a transboundary site composed of the uKhahlamba Drakensberg National Park in South Africa and the Sehlathebe National Park in Lesotho. The site has exceptional natural beauty in its soaring basaltic buttresses, incisive dramatic cutbacks, and golden sandstone ramparts as well as visually spectacular sculptured arches, caves, cliffs, pillars and rock pools. The site's diversity of habitats protects a high level of endemic and globally important plants. The site harbors endangered species such as the Cape vulture (Gyps coprotheres) and the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). Lesotho’s Sehlabathebe National Park also harbors the Maloti minnow (Pseudobarbus quathlambae), a critically endangered fish species only found in this park. This spectacular natural site contains many caves and rock-shelters with the largest and most concentrated group of paintings in Africa south of the Sahara. They represent the spiritual life of the San people, who lived in this area over a period of 4,000 years. © UNESCO SUMMARY 2020 Conservation Outlook Finalised on 01 Dec 2020 SIGNIFICANT CONCERN The conservation outlook for Maloti-Drakensberg Park is of significant concern. The EKZNW management staff are highly dedicated and experienced and there is also significant appreciation for the values of the Maloti Drakensberg by communities living nearby as evidenced, for example, by the vehemently strong opposition to the possibility of oil and gas exploration in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • Early History of South Africa
    THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Mantle P and S Wave Velocity Structure of the Kalahari Craton And
    RESEARCH LETTER Upper Mantle P and S Wave Velocity Structure of the 10.1029/2019GL084053 Kalahari Craton and Surrounding Proterozoic Key Points: • Thick cratonic lithosphere extends Terranes, Southern Africa beneath the Rehoboth Province and Kameron Ortiz1, Andrew Nyblade1,5 , Mark van der Meijde2, Hanneke Paulssen3 , parts of the northern Okwa Terrane 4 4 5 2,6 and Magondi Belt Motsamai Kwadiba , Onkgopotse Ntibinyane , Raymond Durrheim , Islam Fadel , • The northern edge of the greater and Kyle Homman1 Kalahari Craton lithosphere lies along the northern boundary of the 1Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA, 2Faculty for Geo‐information Rehoboth Province and Magondi Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands, 3Department of Earth Sciences, Belt 4 • Cratonic mantle lithosphere Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, Botswana Geoscience Institute, Lobatse, Botswana, 5 6 beneath the Okwa Terrane and School of Geosciences, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Geology Department, Faculty Magondi Belt may have been of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Egypt chemically altered by Proterozoic magmatic events Abstract New broadband seismic data from Botswana and South Africa have been combined with Supporting Information: existing data from the region to develop improved P and S wave velocity models for investigating the • Supporting Information S1 upper mantle structure of southern Africa. Higher craton‐like velocities are imaged beneath the Rehoboth Province and parts of the northern Okwa Terrane and the Magondi Belt, indicating that the Correspondence to: northern edge of the greater Kalahari Craton lithosphere lies along the northern boundary of these A. Nyblade, terranes.
    [Show full text]
  • Dedicated To
    MASTERARBEIT Titel der Masterarbeit Nkangala Mouth-Bow Tradition in Malaŵi A Comparative Study of Historiography, Performance Practices, Social Context and Tonal Systems verfasst von Zeynep Sarıkartal angestrebter akademischer Grad Master of Arts (MA) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 066 836 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Masterstudium Musikwissenschaft Betreuer: a.o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Gerhard Kubik 2 Dedicated to Abdullah Cömert Ethem Sarısülük Mehmet Ayvalıtaş Ali İsmail Korkmaz Medeni Yıldırım Ahmet Atakan Hasan Ferit Gedik Berkin Elvan Ahmet Küçüktağ Burak Can Karamanoğlu who lost their lives during the police and state-assisted violence towards the protesters, which had started in the Gezi Park in Turkey in the summer of 2013 and still going on up to present day, to their families and to all people who has been in solidarity. 3 Acknowledgements This study had been realized under the supervision of my advisor a.o. Univ. -Prof. Dr. Gerhard Kubik, who inspired me with his works, experiences and methodologies on African music studies as well as with his multi-disciplined approach on ethnology. First of all I would like to thank him for all his works, which constitute the majority of my bibliography, for sharing his field experiences during his lectures and for showing patience for the questions during my long-term work process. Beside this I would like to specially thank to Mag. Dr. Moya Aliya Malamusi, Ass. -Prof. Mag. Dr. August Schmidhofer and Univ. -Prof. Mag. Dr. Regine Allgayer-Kaufmann for organizing the research trip to Malaŵi, for all the support and opportunities that they have provided during my short field work, for their encouragement on the subject; to Romeo and Dyna Malamusi and to Alik Mlendo for sharing their knowledge and for translations; to Malamusi family for their hospitality in Malaŵi, and to my nkangala teachers Ellena and Cicilia Kachepa, with all my sincerity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lower Umkhomazi Bulk Water Supply Scheme – Sediment Impact Opinion
    NM Environmental December 2017 Report for: NM Environmental PO Box 63, Caversham Glen, Pinetown, 3616, SOUTH AFRICA Report by: ASP Technology (Pty) Ltd PO Box 12793, Die Boord, 7613, Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Hydrodynamic Modelling of the Non-Cohesive Sediment Loads .............................................. 2 3. Total Sediment Loads in the uMkhomazi River .......................................................................... 3 4. Comparison of Sediment Loads for Current and Future Scenarios ........................................... 4 5. The Release of Sediment Back Into the uMkhomazi River ......................................................... 6 6. Consideration of the South KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Sediment Erosion..................................... 8 6.1 Interpretation of Previous Studies on the KZN Coastal Sediment Erosion ............................. 8 6.2 uMkhomazi River Sand Yield Reductions in Context of the Coastal Sediment Erosion .......... 9 6.3 Shoreline Variability and Long-Term Stability ....................................................................... 11 6.3.1 INTERPRETATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY .............................................................. 11 6.3.2 INTERPRETATION OF COASTAL TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS ............................................. 16 7. Conclusions and Recommendations .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Experience of Negotiating Sexual and Cultural Identity for Young- Adults in Durban Erin Schaff SIT Study Abroad
    SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2010 “It’s a White People Thing”: The Experience of Negotiating Sexual and Cultural Identity for Young- Adults in Durban Erin Schaff SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons Recommended Citation Schaff, Erin, "“It’s a White People Thing”: The Experience of Negotiating Sexual and Cultural Identity for Young-Adults in Durban" (2010). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 851. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/851 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “IT’S A WHITE PEOPLE THING”: THE EXPERIENCE OF NEGOTIATING SEXUAL AND CULTURAL IDENTITY FOR YOUNG-ADULTS IN DURBAN Erin Schaff Advised by Dr. Thembisa Waetjen, UKZN. School for International Training South Africa: Social and Political Transformation Spring 2010 Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………..........2 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………5 Paper Structure…………………………………………………………………………….6 Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………7
    [Show full text]
  • Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in Context: the Cape Floral Kingdom, Shellfish, and Modern Human Originsq
    Journal of Human Evolution 59 (2010) 425e443 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (Western Cape Province, South Africa) in context: The Cape Floral kingdom, shellfish, and modern human originsq Curtis W. Marean Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, P.O. Box 872402, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA article info abstract Article history: Genetic and anatomical evidence suggests that Homo sapiens arose in Africa between 200 and 100 ka, Received 15 December 2009 and recent evidence suggests that complex cognition may have appeared between w164 and 75 ka. This Accepted 19 March 2010 evidence directs our focus to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, when from 195e123 ka the world was in a fluctuating but predominantly glacial stage, when much of Africa was cooler and drier, and when dated Keywords: archaeological sites are rare. Previously we have shown that humans had expanded their diet to include Middle Stone Age marine resources by w164 ka (Æ12 ka) at Pinnacle Point Cave 13B (PP13B) on the south coast of South Mossel Bay Africa, perhaps as a response to these harsh environmental conditions. The associated material culture Origins of modern humans documents an early use and modification of pigment, likely for symbolic behavior, as well as the production of bladelet stone tool technology, and there is now intriguing evidence for heat treatment of lithics. PP13B also includes a later sequence of MIS 5 occupations that document an adaptation that increasingly focuses on coastal resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Aneurin
    The Aneurin Great War Project: Timeline Part 8 - The War Machines, 1870-1894 Copyright Notice: This material was written and published in Wales by Derek J. Smith (Chartered Engineer). It forms part of a multifile e-learning resource, and subject only to acknowledging Derek J. Smith's rights under international copyright law to be identified as author may be freely downloaded and printed off in single complete copies solely for the purposes of private study and/or review. Commercial exploitation rights are reserved. The remote hyperlinks have been selected for the academic appropriacy of their contents; they were free of offensive and litigious content when selected, and will be periodically checked to have remained so. Copyright © 2013-2021, Derek J. Smith. First published 09:00 BST 5th July 2014. This version 09:00 GMT 20th January 2021 [BUT UNDER CONSTANT EXTENSION AND CORRECTION, SO CHECK AGAIN SOON] This timeline supports the Aneurin series of interdisciplinary scientific reflections on why the Great War failed so singularly in its bid to be The War to End all Wars. It presents actual or best-guess historical event and introduces theoretical issues of cognitive science as they become relevant. UPWARD Author's Home Page Project Aneurin, Scope and Aims Master References List FORWARD IN TIME Part 1 - (Ape)men at War, Prehistory to 730 Part 2 - Royal Wars (Without Gunpowder), 731 to 1272 Part 3 - Royal Wars (With Gunpowder), 1273-1602 Part 4 - The Religious Civil Wars, 1603-1661 Part 5 - Imperial Wars, 1662-1763 Part 6 - The Georgian Wars, 1764-1815 Part 7 - Economic Wars, 1816-1869 FORWARD IN TIME Part 9 - Insults at the Weigh-In, 1895-1914 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1914 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1915 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1916 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1917 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1918 Part 11 - Deception as a Profession, 1919 to date The Timeline Items 1870 Charles A.
    [Show full text]
  • Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift Revisited
    We, ‘The children of Isandlwana’: Isandlwana and Rorke’s Drift revisited Themba Mthethwa B.PROC, LLB (NATAL) __________________________________________________________________________________________ One hundred years ago, King Cetshwayo’s people’s army spoke to the invading enemy with their spears at the battle of Isandlwana. It engaged and defeated the pride of the British colonial army – a feat which has gone down in history as one of the most glorious and spectacular achievements in world struggles to resist foreign domination. Faced with the might of the superior army, our heroic warriors knew no fear. They shed rivers of blood to remain free in the land that was undoubtedly theirs. In a war which was deliberately provoked by the enemy, the people’s army gave a clear motive that a time comes in the life of people when there is only one way out – the way of challenging oppression by force and violence In doing so, they added a glorious page to a long history of our people’s heroic resistance to the invasion of the land of their forefathers. Isandlwana has left us with a heritage, whose spirit of no surrender, whose spirit of sacrifice and discipline, inspires and guides our whole nation in the battles to come, a heritage which is a challenge to all of us – the children of Isandlwana. (1) In the heart of Mitchell Street, Darwin, in Australia’s Northern Territory, I came across a British Redcoat, similar to those who fought at Isandlwana. On a closer look, it was a café, called Rorke’s Drift bar/café. He called the patrons to come and enjoy “the best of British hospitality in the heart of Mitchell Street.” Darwin is not only well known for its tropical climate and as a major tourist destination, but is also known for being the only major target of Japanese bombings during World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • Impendle Nature Reserve
    IMPENDLE NATURE RESERVE KwaZulu-Natal South Africa Protected Area Management Plan: Public Participation Report 2012 Prepared by Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife Protected Area Management Planning Unit TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PROCESS 2 1.1 The context of stakeholder consultation 2 1.2 Approach and objectives of the consultation process 2 1.3 Consultation process 4 2) KEY FINDINGS OF THE STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PROCESS 6 3) COMMENTS RECEIVED DURING REVIEW OF THE DRAFT MANAGEMENT PLAN 7 REFERENCES APPENDIX A LIST OF STAKEHOLDERS WHO HAVE PARTICPATED IN OR BEEN INVITED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE PREPARATION OF THE PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR IMPENDLE NATURE RESERVE APPENDIX B MINUTES OF ADDITIONAL MEETINGS AND DISCUSSIONS HELD ON 4TH SEPTEMBER 2012 APPENDIX C SCANS OF THE ADVERTISEMENTS FOR THE PUBLIC MEETING AND PUBLIC REVIEW OF THE DRAFT MANAGEMENT PLAN APPENDIX D BACKGROUND INFORMATION DOCUMENT CIRCULATED PRIOR TO THE PUBLIC STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP APPENDIX E COPIES OF STANDARD INVITATIONS SENT TO KNOWN STAKEHOLDERS FOR THE PUBLIC STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP APPENDIX F MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOP IMPENDLE NATURE RESE RVE PROTECTED AREA MANAG EMENT PLAN – P U B L I C PA R TICIPATION REPORT 1 1) STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PROCESS The Impendle Nature Reserve en route to the Southern Drakensberg is situated approximately 15 km south from the town of Impendle in KZN with the main R617 road to Underberg passing through the reserve. It falls within the Ingwe Local Municipality and the Sisonke District Municipality and Impendle Local Municipality abuts the reserve along its northern border. Despite these boundaries the reserve is closer to the Impendle Local Municipality and the access to the reserve falls within this municipal area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anglo-Zulu War Battlefields 1878 – 1879
    THE ANGLO-ZULU WAR BATTLEFIELDS 1878 – 1879 • Good morning. All of you will be familiar with the memorial of the Zulu Shields in St Michael’s Chapel. An opportunity arose for me to visit the Zulu Battlefields in February this year. I am glad that I took the journey as it was an experience that I will never forget and one that I would like to share with you as I thought it would be helpful in adding to our knowledge of one of the most visually striking of the memorials in the Cathedral. • My talk will cover the origin of the Zulu Shields memorial, the background and reasons for the Anglo-Zulu War, the key personalities involved on both sides and the battlefields where the officers and men of the 80th Regiment of Foot (Staffordshire Volunteers) died. • Zulu Shields memorial. Let me begin with the memorial. The ironwork in the form of the Zulu Shields was done by Hardman of Birmingham with the design including representations of the assegais (spears) and mealie cobs. It was originally placed in the North Transept in 1881where it formed part of the side screen to St Stephen’s Chapel. The Chapel was rearranged in recent times with the Zulu memorial relocated to the South Transept and the white marble reredos now stands against the east wall of the North Choir Aisle. • Turning to the memorial itself, the plaque on the floor reads: “Erected by the Officers, NCOs and Men of the 80th (Staffordshire Volunteers) Regiment who served in South Africa. To the memory of their comrades who fell during the Sekukuni and Zulu Campaigns – 1878-1879”.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Technical Report
    EASTERN CAPE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION PLAN TECHNICAL REPORT Derek Berliner & Philip Desmet “Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Land Use Decision- Making in the Eastern Cape Province” DWAF Project No 2005-012 1 August 2007 Revision 1 (5 September 2005) Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Technical Report I Photo by Barry Clark Report Title; Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Technical Report. Date: 1 August 2007 Authors: Derek Berliner & Dr Phillip Desmet Contact details; Derek Berliner, Eco-logic Consulting, email: [email protected]. cell: 083 236 7155 Dr Phillip Desmet, email: [email protected], cell: 082 352 2955 Client: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Principle funding agent: Development Bank of South Africa Citation: Berliner D. & Desmet P. (2007) Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan: Technical Report. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Project No 2005-012, Pretoria. 1 August 2007 (Unless otherwise quoted, intellectual property rights for the conceptual content of this report reside with the above authors) Eastern Cape Biodiversity Conservation Plan Technical Report II Acknowledgements The assistance of a large number of people has been essential to the success of this project. In particular, the authors would like to thank the funders of this project, the DBSA and DWAF, Nkosi Quvile (DWAF), Phumla Mzazi (DEDEA), Mandy Driver (SANBI), Julie Clarke (DBSA), Graeme Harrison (formerly DWAF) and members of the Project Steering Committee and Eastern Cape Implementation Committee for Bioregional Programmes. Our thanks also go to Ally Ashwell, John Allwood, Dave Balfour, Noluthando Bam, Rick Bernard, Roger Bills, Anton Bok, Andre Boshoff, Bill Branch, Mandy Cadman, Jim Cambray, Barry Clark, Willem Coetzer, P.
    [Show full text]