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University of the Witwatersrand
UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African Studies Seminar Paper to be presented in RW 4.00pm MARCH 1984 Title: The Case Against the Mfecane. by: Julian Cobbing No. 144 UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African studies Seminar Paper to be presented at Seminar in RW 319 at 4,00 pm on Monday, 5 March 1984 THE CASE AGAINST THE MFECANE by. QuJJjun Cobbing. By the 1970s the mfecane had become one of the most widely abused terms in southern African historical literature. Let the reader attempt a simple definition of the mfecane, for instance. This is not such an easy task. From one angle the mfecane was the Nguni diaspora which from the early 1820s took Nguni raiding communities such as the Ndebele, the Ngoni and the Gaza over a huge region of south-central Africa reaching as far north as Lake Tanzania. Africanists stress the positive features of the movement. As Ajayi observed in 1968: 'When we consider all the implications of the expansions of Bantu-speaking peoples there can he no doubt that the theory of stagnation has no basis whatsoever.' A closely related, though different, mfecane centres on Zululand and the figure of Shaka. It has become a revolutionary process internal to Nguni society which leads to the development of the ibutho and the tributary mode of production. Shaka is a heroic figure providing a positive historical example and some self-respect for black South Africans today. But inside these wider definitions another mfecane more specific- ally referring to the impact of Nguni raiders (the Nedbele, Hlubi and Ngwane) on the Sotho west of the Drakensberg. -
11010329.Pdf
THE RISE, CONSOLIDATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF DLAMINI POWER IN SWAZILAND BETWEEN 1820 AND 1889. A study in the relationship of foreign affairs to internal political development. Philip Lewis Bonner. ProQuest Number: 11010329 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010329 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The Swazi kingdom grew out of the pressures associated with competition for trade and for the rich resources of Shiselweni. While centred on this area it acquired some of its characteristic features - notably a regimental system, and the dominance of a Dlamini aristocracy. Around 1815 the Swazi came under pressure from the South, and were forced to colonise the land lying north of the Lusutfu. Here they remained for some years a nation under arms, as they plundered local peoples, and were themselves swept about by the currents of the Mfecane. In time a more settled administration emerged, as the aristocracy spread out from the royal centres at Ezulwini, and this process accelerated under Mswati as he subdued recalcitrant chiefdoms, and restructured the regiments. -
Marriage Laws of Malawi
MARRIAGE LAWS OF MALAWI - THE EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN MARRIAGE LAWS UNDER COLONIAL RULE BY TCHUPA N. CHIBAMBO A thesis submitted to the University of London in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Law July, 1987 School of Oriental and African Studies ProQuest Number: 11010656 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010656 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to: my grandfather, the late Edward Zachariah Mhango, and my grandmother, Edith Tembo. ABSTRACT This thesis examines the evolution of the law regulating African marriages and divorce in Malawi. It offers a re view of the principal rules of customary law governing marriage and describes the introduction of relevant legis lative provisions by the colonial administration, including the provisions for the registration of customary marriages enacted by African authorities. Special attention is given to the position of African Christians and to the policies and attitudes of Christian missions as determinants of colonial legislative policy. The analyses focus on the interaction of African custom, Christianity and secular statutory regulation of marriage and divorce. -
Deliberation As an Epistemic Endeavor: Umunthu and Social Change In
Deliberation as an Epistemic Endeavor: UMunthu and Social Change in Malawi’s Political Ecology A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Fletcher O. M. Ziwoya December 2012 © 2012 Fletcher O. M. Ziwoya All Rights Reserved. This dissertation titled Deliberation as an Epistemic Endeavor: UMunthu and Social Change in Malawi’s Political Ecology by FLETCHER O. M. ZIWOYA has been approved for the School of Communication Studies and the Scripps College of Communication by Claudia L. Hale Professor of Communication Studies Scott Titsworth Interim Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii ABSTRACT ZIWOYA, FLETCHER O. M., Ph.D. December 2012, Communication Studies Deliberation as an Epistemic Endeavor: UMunthu and Social Change in Malawi’s Political Ecology Director of Dissertation: Claudia Hale This dissertation examines the epistemic role of democratic processes in Malawi. In this study, I challenge the view that Malawi’s Local Government model of public participation is representative and open to all forms of knowledge production. Through a case study analysis of the political economy of knowledge production of selected District Councils in Malawi, I argue that the consultative approach adopted by the Councils is flawed. The Habermasian approach adopted by the Councils assumes that development processes should be free, fair, and accommodative of open forms of deliberation, consultation, and dissent. The Habermasian ideals stipulate that no single form of reasoning or knowledge dominates others. By advocating for “the power of the better argument” Habermas (1984, 1998a, 1998b, 2001) provided room for adversarial debate which is not encouraged in the Malawi local governance system. -
Early History of South Africa
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people. -
UNIT 7 RESOURCES Africa South of the Sahara
WWGC'12_UR7_ASS_TP_895493-2.inddGC'12_UR7_ASS_TP_895493-2.indd PPageage 1 11/28/10/28/10 8:15:018:15:01 PPMM elhi-2elhi-2 //Volumes/104/GO00441/GO00441_WGC_UNIT_RES7_12%0/9780078954931_Ancl./Applicati...Volumes/104/GO00441/GO00441_WGC_UNIT_RES7_12%0/9780078954931_Ancl./Applicati... UNIT 7 RESOURCES Africa South of the Sahara CHAPTER 20 Physical Geography of Africa South of the Sahara CHAPTER 21 Cultural Geography of Africa South of the Sahara CHAPTER 22 The Region Today: Africa South of the Sahara P rinter P DF 0ii_046_U07_RB_895493.qxd 1/27/10 4:15 PM Page ii S-115 104:GO00441:GO00441_WGC_UNIT_RES7_12%0:9780078954931_Ancl.:Application_Files_ Book Organization Glencoe offers resources that accompany World Geography and Cultures to expand, enrich, review, and assess every lesson you teach and for every student you teach. Now Glencoe has organized its many resources for the way you teach. HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED Each resources book offers blackline masters at unit, chapter, and section levels for each unit. Each book is divided into three parts—unit-based resources, chapter-based resources, and section-based resources. Glencoe has included tabs at the side of every activity page in this book to help you navigate. UNIT-BASED RESOURCES We have organized this book so that all unit resources appear in the first part of the unit resources book. Although you may choose to use the specific activities at any time during the course of unit study, Glencoe has placed these resources up front so that you can review your options. For example, although World Literature Contemporary Selection 7 appears in the front part of this book, you may plan to use this activity in class during the study of the cultural geography of Africa south of the Sahara in Chapter 21. -
Planning African Rural Towns the Case of Caia and Sena, Mozambique
Monographs of the School of Doctoral Studies in Environmental Engineering Doctoral School in Environmental Engineering Planning African rural towns The case of Caia and Sena, Mozambique Roberta Nicchia 2011 Monographs of the School of Doctoral Studies in Environmental Engineering Doctoral School in Environmental Engineering Planning African rural towns The case of Caia and Sena, Mozambique Roberta Nicchia 2011 i Doctoral thesis in Environmental Engineering, XXIII cycle Faculty of Engineering, University of Trento Academic year 2009/2010 Supervisor: prof. Corrado Diamantini, University of Trento University of Trento Trento, Italy 2011 ii ―Só a Antropofagia nos une. Socialmente. Economicamente. Filosoficamente. Única lei do mundo. Expressão mascarada de todos os individualismos, de todos os coletivismos. De todas as religiões. De todos os tratados de paz. [...] Só me interessa o que não é meu. Lei do homem. Lei do antropófago [...] A alegria é a prova dos nove. A luta entre o que se chamaria Incriado e a Criatura – ilustrada pela contradição permanente do homem e o seu Tabu. O amor cotidiano e o modusvivendi capitalista. Antropofagia. Absorção do inimigo sacro. Para transformá-lo em totem. A humana aventura. A terrena finalidade.‖ Oswald de Andrade, Manifesto antropófago, 1928 iii iv Preface The present study is part of a wider research and spatial planning activity conducted over the last seven years by the DICA—Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (University of Trento) in the district of Caia, Mozambique. The DICA, in fact, is involved in a decentralized cooperation program, named ―Il Trentino in Mozambico e il Mozambico in Trentino‖, between the Provinces of Trento (Italy) and Sofala (Mozambique). -
The Living Heritage of Traditional Names in Postcolonial Zambia
Osward Chanda PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA MA Thesis in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Central European University Budapest June 2020 CEU eTD Collection PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA by Osward Chanda (Zambia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection ____________________________________________ Examiner Budapest June 2020 PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA by Osward Chanda (Zambia) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Cultural Heritage Studies: Academic Research, Policy, Management. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest June 2020 PORTABLE INHERITANCE: THE LIVING HERITAGE OF TRADITIONAL NAMES IN POSTCOLONIAL ZAMBIA by Osward Chanda (Zambia) Thesis submitted -
1. Introduction 1. Malawi: a Multi-Ethnic Nation
From: Dr. Willie Zeze RE: Abstract Submission – 2015 Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations Conference DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION AND ETHNIC ORGANIZATIONS IN MALAWI - PRESERVING GOOD TRADITIONAL PRACTICES OR PROMOTING NEPOTISM AND TRIBALISM? Abstract Due to the advent of the 1994 democratic constitution particularly its enactment on Protection of human rights and freedoms: Culture and language, Freedom of association, Religion and beliefs, Freedom of assembly and Political rights, Malawi has witnessed mushrooming of tribal organizations, aiming at preserving the traditional African religious beliefs and African cultural traditions. The Chewa Heritage Foundation (Chefo) and the Muhlakho wa Alhomwe (MWA) among the Chewa and Lhomwe tribes respectively are among well-known ethnic organizations through which the traditional beliefs, cultural traditions and religions are enjoying a significant respect from members of mentioned-tribes. The democratic constitution has cleared a road for the establishment of these ethnic organizations. However, it seems activities of Chefo and MWA are inter alia promoting tribalism and nepotism, in addition to being used as campaign tools for some political parties. This article intends to assess and evaluate the role and the impact of the Chefo and MWA on preservation of good cultural practices and constitutional democracy in Malawi. The hypothesis is, in spite of preserving cultural practices as guaranteed in constitution, the tribal organizations need to be watchful so that they should not promote tribalism, nepotism and being used as campaign tools by Malawian politicians. 1. Introduction In order to appreciate how in their understanding the Democratic Constitution the Chewa Heritage Foundation and Mulhako wa Alhomwe in Malawi, revitalize, preserved and protect customs, values, beliefs and traditional practices it is necessary to understand a social- political history of Malawi. -
Cultural Practices Among the Sena in Nsanje District Malawi: HIV and AIDS and the African Evangelical Church
Cultural Practices among the Sena in Nsanje District Malawi: HIV and AIDS and the African Evangelical Church By Lucy Thokozile Chibambo Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Academic Requirement forthe Degree of Masters in Theology (Ministerial Studies) in the School of Religion and Theology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Supervisor: Professor Edwina Ward March 2009 DECLARATION I, Lucy Thokozile Chibambo a candidate of Masters' degree in Ministerial Studies in the School of Religion andTheology, University of KwaZulu-Natal,Pietennaritzburg, hereby declarethat except forthe quotations specificallyindicated in the dissertation, andsuch help as I have acknowledged, thisis wholly my original work andthat it has not been submittedat anyinstitute for the fulfilment of anotherdegree. - :Joo� Signed: .... �.................. Date: .,Olf- 0 � ' .............. I acknowledge that this research paper isready forexamination. ,,. -..z.oo 'J Supervisor: -..£� ............... Date: .olt.- o 3......•. · · _-1::>u�r!) This research pape r h abs een ed't I edb y. ..............:::r;;� ..........-...................... •.•..•• ••••••.••••... D.a t e. • • w.....,._tf')J,._ Q"">� -dl..oo....................... qf••··•··· 11 DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my late parents Mr and Mrs Kamba Phiri. I also dedicate this work to my husband Songelwayo andto our three daughters Mandhlase,Nomusa and Sibusisiwe for their support in this researchpaper. 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The writing of this research paper would never have reached the final stage of completion withoutthe assistance andencouragement of the following people; Firstly, I want to pay tribute to the Almighty God for granting me the necessary wisdom, strength, guidanceand understanding during my studies. My sincere thanks and gratitude go to my Supervisor, Professor Edwina Ward for her ability, diligence and expert supervision. -
G-Ccza Kingdom S
/\fotes on ihe Xritetn Structure of ihe G-ccza kingdom S. MozPumhio 1 8 1 4 0 — f895 Q .U e ^ a n a UNIVERSITY of ZIMBABWE MUYersity ARCHIVES 178 NOTES ON THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE GAZA KINGDOM OF SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE 1840-1895 by GERHARD LIESEGANG 1 The state of the Gaza Nguni vaa a complex social formation with a dominant society in the centre and societies which were dominated to various degrees on the periphery. The political and cultural impact of the Nguni was strongest near the capital (and in the south) and faint near the borders. Succession, m arriage, bridepi^ce etc. differed among the dominated societies and reflected ethnic traditions adapted to local conditions (e. g. in those areas where tripanosomiasis was prevalent there could be no brideprice in cattle). Social relations in the areas where the dominant group lived were characterized by the presence of distinct social strata and a large number of captives in the process of distribution and incorporation into the dominant society. Any description of the Gaza political and social system has to take this complexity into account. The central Gaza society was socially stra ified and so were the nearly autonomous chieftainships near the borders. To some extent this was a colonial situation and it is not surprising that some Shona historians, perhaps following nationalist oial tradition, have tended to deny or minimize Gaza 3 influence near Zimbabwe's eastern borders. It seems that by the 1890's the domination of the centre was justi fied by the ruling strata in term s of ethnic superiority and the superior 4 quality of the Nguni military system , as well as by previous m ilitary conquest and submission .of the local populations, e. -
Meaning of Umunthu
MEANING OF UMUNTHU COMMUNITY SPIRIT FOR THE BUILDING OF THE HUMAN COMMUNITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SOCIO –POLITICAL SITUATION OF MALAWI submitted by Mennas Vincent Mukaka for the Academic Degree of Doctor of Theology at the Karl-Franzens University of Graz Institute/Department of Catholic Theology under the Supervision of Prof. Dr. Leopold Neuhold (1. Supervisor) Prof. DDr. Reinhold Easterbauer (2. Supervisor) © 2015 Mennas Vincent Mukaka iii DECLARATION I DECLARE THAT THIS DISSERTATION IS MY OWN WORK AND ALL THE SOURCES HAVE BEEN QUOTED AND ACKNOWLEDGED BY MEANS OF COMPLETE REFERENCES AND NO PART OF THE DISSERTATION HAS BEEN SUBMITTED FOR ANY OTHER DEGREE. Mennas Vincent Mukaka…………………………………………….. Date:…………………………………………… Place:………………………………………….. iv ACKNOWLEGEMENT “I am because you are, since you are therefore I am”. This thesis is achieved with the assistance of others without whom it could not have been accomplished. There are many people who have contributed to this work and I cannot manage to mention all of them, but all should know and feel that I greatly appreciate their contribution. I would like to acknowledge my deep indebtedness and thanks to the following people in particular: Dr Leopold Neuhold, my doctorate father, and DDr Reinhold Esterbauer, my second supervisor. I have benefited, at different stages of the project, from their contributions and friendly guidance. They are crucially responsible for the actions which led to the completion of this thesis. In addition, this work could not have been completed without the support offered by the Comboni Missionaries of the German Speaking Province (DSP). In particular I thank Mag. Fr. Joseph Altenburger, once my formator in Innsbruck, the then Provincial Superior of the German speaking Province who accepted that I do my studies in Graz.