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Terrorism As 2017 ASEAN SYMPOSIUM OF CRIMINOLOGY: CONFERENCE PROCEEDING An Inquiry into Ethics, Theories, Culture and Practices Terrorism as (Extra-) Ordinary Crime: Some Anthropological Notes on the “Noble Crime” of Terror Chains in Indonesia, 1999 – 2017 Al Chaidar Department of Anthropology, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Aceh Burhanuddin Gala Department of Antropology, University of Indonesia, Depok Achmad Fedyani Saifuddin Department of Anthropology, University of Indonesia, Depok M. Akmal Department of Political Science, Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Aceh Abstract This paper examines the basic socio-cultural of terrorism morality of guilty feeling before or after committing terror attacks. Terrorism is moving forward from etic point of view that is a legitimate form of resistance against an occupaying powers to emic millenarian insurgency movements against all beyond their cult. Transnational organized crime and international terrorism increasingly share both organizational and operational characteristics, and at times even partner with one another. The nexus of organized crime and terrorism could prolong these challenges and lead to further disruptions and threats to global security. As terror groups transform into hybrid criminal/terror entities and partner with criminal syndicates, the threat to the Indonesian Government and other nations rises in complexity, demanding a highly fl exible, tailored response. This article argues that terrorism should be defi ned and criminalized because it may be a threat to human rights, the stability of governance and to international peace and security. There is also better conceptual value diff erentiating political violence from other crime which causes fear. Key-words: terrorism, Indonesia, transnational ideological organized crime, noble crime, jihad Background: Lanscape of Nexus Many terrorist groups will never partake in organized criminal activities, but the merging of transnational ideological organized crime and international terrorism is nonetheless on the rise, expressed as heroism and martyrdom. The main argument of this paper is: that terrorism is increasingly expanded and incorporated other non-ideopolitico crimes into its actions. It’s a kind of miximization the impact of terror action. Terrorism is also a simply noble crme in the emic point of view of the terrorist groups. No matter what the means, the sentence meted out cannot send the message that if you think your ends were noble then the means you choose are going to be mitigated by your ends, no matter what your ends may be, crime is not the means you should choose. The rising tide of terror attack towards police offi cers in Indonesia and elsewhere has raised a theoretical question about what value of morality did the terrorism stand for? Expression of moral sentiment, then police offi cers stand as instruments of that morality. Although appearing as paramilitary organizations, modern police agencies actually perform specifi c functions within communities through individual police offi cers acting largely without supervision or direct control. Unlike a military unit, which operates cohesively as a team, the cop on the beat enforcing the law. Often, the result constitutes an individual utilitarianism, a sense of electing a course of action based on a self-perception of what is good for the greatest number. This personal interpretation of the law inevitably leads to questions of conduct (the means: an offi cer’s methods to elicit cooperation from another) versus a desired outcome (the end: apprehension of the guilty and protection of the community). 30 2017 ASEAN SYMPOSIUM OF CRIMINOLOGY:CONFERENCE PROCEEDING An Inquiry into Ethics, Theories, Culture and Practices The threat is seen from the actions of terrorists who began to commit criminal acts in support of planned terror activities, such as justifying robbery to support terrorism. The suspected terrorists from Majalengka, West Java, namely Rio Priatna Wibowo, Eep Saiful Bahri, Bahraini Agam, and Hendra became acquainted through Facebook® social media and met directly in June 2016. From the introduction they plan to create a narcotics laboratory to produce and do business sabu whose profi t Will be used for operational acts of terror in Indonesia. They are acquainted online Facebook, they gathered since June 2015. Confi rmed from the examination, they make narcotics (sabu-sabu) it is sold to be able to get the funds of terror acts. They changed their intentions after meeting with Bahrun Naim a terrorist convicted in a bomb attack in the Sarinah area, Central Jakarta, some time ago. They were trained how to assemble bombs via internet and Telegram® groups. But, fi nally they turn the bow into explosives, learning by online training with Bahrun Naim. They have not succeeded in making shabu and selling shabu but it’s the initial plan revealed. It is suspected that Majalengka terrorist who was caught by Anti-Terror Squad12 was classifi ed as an expert in assembling bombs. The reason, they are able to assemble bombs of female beauty materials. They include creative, kutek serve as one of the raw materials of assembly. The off ender gets other chemicals by buying online and the rest is obtained from sellers in Scouting Area, Central Jakarta. While the results of the assemblies were also traded to gain profi t. Online purchases. So these bombs are traded, in addition to doing their own actions. Noted there are four people suspected terrorist network Majalengka arrested team Densus 88. Fourth of the Rio Priatna Wibowo, Eep Saiful Bahri, Bahraini Agam and Hendra are still under investigation. One of the four suspected terrorists is astute in assembling bombs. Even the explosive power was greater than the Bali Bomb 1 and 2.13 The data on the disclosure of the two threatening activities can be seen from Fadli Sadama’s arrest, which was mentioned by the brain of a series of bank robberies in Aceh and Medan. The last action that caused the uproar was a robbery at Bank CIMB Medan that killed a security guard and a member of Brimob, August 18, 2010. in addition to Fadli robbery making money from the business of narcotics. Ansyaad did not mention what narcotics Fadli circulated. Interestingly, from the sale of narcotics, the Fadli group bought weapons in the region of Southern Thailand. Another surprising example is when the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) in cooperation with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), captured an Afghan citizen who became a central fi gure in the circulation of world heroin, 2008, at Soekarno-Hatta Airport, Cengkareng. 96 per cent of the world’s heroin from Afgan, and one of the key fi gures caught in 2008. Offi cers investigating the case were shocked. The reason, when they investigate the phone lines of mobile phone suspects found a lot of numbers directed to terrorism networks in Indonesia. Another fact expressed is the shifting of narcotics circulation disclosure. If the last few years have been dominated by African nationals, the disclosure now shows Afghan and Iranian citizens who are starting to dominate the illicit narcotics market. Moreover, Afghanistan and Iran are part of narcotics circulation or commonly referred to as the crescent moon. As is known, the circulation of the crescent lane (Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran) dominates the supply of drugs. After slowly distribution of poppy (opium) in the Golden Triangle (Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos). Meanwhile, in connection with the development of terrorists following the capture of terrorist network cells, Ansyaad said the scale of terrorist forces will remain as long as the ideological fi gures still exist. Until now, there is no complete explanation of Narcoterrism. The simplest meaning is the combination of narcotics and terrorism and / or criminal acts and narcotics and crime and terror. According to the Head of the National Agency for Combating Terrorism (BNPT), Inspector General (Ret) Ansyaad Mbai, nacroterrorism is the most dangerous trend. Criminals commit criminal acts in favor of planned terror activities, such as justifying robberies to support terrorism. From the results of the investigation, investigators get phone numbers that indicate that apparently narcotic agents have links with our terrorist fi gures.14 Thus, narcoterrorism is (inexplicable) as a merger-combining criminal (criminal) acts of narcotics and acts of terror and terrorism. Both are interconnected and needy; The criminals (criminals) of narcotics use the network - terrorist cells to distribute narcotics; And the proceeds of the sale, are 12 Detasemen Khusus Anti Terror 88 or Densus 88 of Indonesian Police. 13 From the arrest of the four suspects, the offi cers con scated six pieces of evidence made from chemicals, namely RDX, HMTD, ANFO, Black Powder and also found a ri e. Kompas, 12 June 2009. 14 detik.com April 18, 2012. 31 2017 ASEAN SYMPOSIUM OF CRIMINOLOGY: CONFERENCE PROCEEDING An Inquiry into Ethics, Theories, Culture and Practices used to fi nance terror acts. Could be, the villain as a narcotics dealer as well as terrorists. Not a few of the narcoterrorism actors, masked in marriage (with good women), so that their wives (and extended families) as masks; Or they at the same time become the sellers of human (women), and so forth; Or even as a female abductor and raped her. Thus, there has been a merger of narcotics crime - terrorism - and sexual crimes, resulting in sexual narcoterrorism. The use of Cyber for crimes is usually done by those who have high skills and expertise in computer science, the Cybercrimeumum actors master the algorithms and computer programming to create script / malware code, they can analyze the workings of computer systems and networks, and are able to fi nd loopholes in the system Which will then use these weaknesses to be able to enter so that crime actions such as data theft can be successfully done. Cyber is currently used also to conduct terror (cyber terrorism). The indoctrination of dogma through Cyber that is capable of infl uencing many people for jihad as well as the recruitment guided by the ISIS network to come to Syria is a form of crime through Cyber media.
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