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Biblioteca De Ciencias Fisicas Y Matematicas Biblioteca Digital. Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - UNT UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FÍSICAS Y MATEMÁTICAS ESCUELA ACADÉMICO PROFESIONAL DE INFORMÁTICA MATEMATICAS Y VIRTUALIZACION EN LOS CENTROS DE DATOS FISICAS TESINA PRESENTADA PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO INFORMÁTICO CIENCIAS AUTOR: Br. HECTOR JAVIER QUISPE GANOZA DEASESOR: Mg. EDWIN MENDOZA TORRES. TRUJILLO – PERU 2014 BIBLIOTECA I Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribucion-No Comecial-CompartirIgual bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital. Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - UNT DEDICATORIA Detrás de cada logro hay esfuerzo, perseverancia, constancia, dedicación, sacrificio, pero sobretodo detrás de cada logro están esos seres que de una u otra forma han brindado su apoyo para que no desmayes, es por esta razón que el presente trabajo va dedicado: A mis padres, Adalberto y Gladys quienes han estado brindándome su apoyo incondicional para poder culminar con éxito otra etapa de mi vida. A mis hermanos Genny y Freddy, quienes también comparten conmigo este logro. A mis hijas Selene y Jezabel, para que las motive al estudio y sea un modelo a seguir y superar. MATEMATICAS Y FISICAS CIENCIAS DE BIBLIOTECA II Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribucion-No Comecial-CompartirIgual bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital. Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - UNT AGRADECIMIENTO Al culminar esta etapa importante de mi vida, quiero expresar mis sinceros agradecimientos a todos y cada uno de los que han contribuido para alcanzar este éxito especial. A Dios porque ha estado conmigo a cada paso que doy, cuidándome y dándome fortaleza para continuar. A mis padres, porque creyeron en mí, porque me sacaron adelante siendo ejemplos dignos de superación y entrega, porque en gran parte gracias a ustedes, hoy puedo ver alcanzada mi meta, ya que siempre estuvieron impulsándome en los momentos más difíciles y porque el orgullo que sienten por mí, fue lo que me hizo ir hasta el final. Va por ustedes, por lo que valen, porque admiro su fortaleza y por lo que han hecho de mí. A la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, en especial a la Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Escuela Profesional de Informática, por el soporte institucional dado para la culminación de este trabajo, las cuales me sirvieron como guía a la obtención del título profesional. MATEMATICAS A cada maestro que durante estos años de estudio aportaron con sus conocimientos para lograr ser de mí un profesional. Y A mis amigos y compañeros que compartieron conmigo cada paso que se dio para recorrer este camino, y que con su empeño cooperaron para llegar a mi objetivo. Y a todas aquellas personas que de una u otra forma, colaboraron o participaron en el desarrollo de esta investigación, hago extensivo mi más sincero agradecimiento. FISICAS CIENCIAS DE BIBLIOTECA III Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribucion-No Comecial-CompartirIgual bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital. Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - UNT RESUMEN El centro de datos actual de las organizaciones, exige cada vez más la provisión de servidores optimizados altamente confiables, seguros, disponibles, eficaces y eficientes y además que permitan el ahorro de recursos como: equipos computacionales, cableado estructurado, dispositivos de conectividad, equipos de refrigeración, energía, tiempo de mantenimiento, personal de mantenimiento, etc. Es decir se busca obtener los mayores resultados positivos con el menor número de recursos empleados lo cual se traduce en mayores beneficios y reducción de costos para las organizaciones. La virtualización es una de las tecnologías actuales que permiten hacer más con menos. En este caso en el campo de los servidores, la implementación de servidores virtualizados en el centro de datos contribuye significativamente a dar lugar la obtención de las premisas antesMATEMATICAS mencionadas. En el capítulo 1 se habla de consolidación mediante el uso de la virtualización.Y En él se discute acerca del concepto, ventajas y desventajas de la consolidación. Además analizamos una forma de realizar la consolidación, utilizando para este fin la virtualización. Continuando la exploración de la virtualización en el capítulo 2, se analizó la forma en que la virtualización se introduce a los entornos de los centros de cómputo. Con la propuesta del hacer más con menos, es decir optimizar la infraestructura a lo largo y ancho del centro de datos para obtener mejores tasas de utilización de la infraestructura,FISICAS disminución de personal y mejoras inherentes en la administración de los equipos. En el capítulo 3 se encuentra plasmada una guía de virtualización que ocupa el tema completo. Este conjunto de buenas prácticas se proporciona con la finalidad de guiar al usuario inexperto en la implementación exitosa de la virtualización. Se inicia con una descripción de una implementación en un centro de cómputo real. Se exponen con objetividad las diferencias entre un equipo físico y su equivalente virtual, proporcionando también estrategias que permiten optimizar el ambiente virtual. CIENCIAS Finalmente mostramos en el capítulo 4, algunos casos de éxito al implementar la virtualización de los centros de datos deDE algunas organizaciones. BIBLIOTECA IV Esta obra ha sido publicada bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribucion-No Comecial-CompartirIgual bajo la misma licencia 2.5 Perú. Para ver una copia de dicha licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/pe/ Biblioteca Digital. Dirección de Sistemas de Informática y Comunicación - UNT INDICE GENERAL INTRODUCCIÓN ..................................................................................................................... 1 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................................ 2 1. LA VIRTUALIZACION ......................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Historia de la virtualización. ............................................................................................. 3 1.2. Concepto ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.3. Tipos De Virtualización .................................................................................................. 10 1.3.1. Virtualización De Recursos ...................................................................................... 10 1.3.1.1. Virtualización de Almacenamiento .................................................................. 11 1.3.1.2. Virtualización de Redes .................................................................................... 12 1.3.2. Virtualización De Plataforma .................................................................................. 13 1.3.2.1. Virtualización de Aplicaciones......................................................................... 14 1.3.2.2. Virtualización de Escritorio. ............................................................................ 14 1.3.2.3. Virtualización de Equipos y Servidores. ......................................................... 14 1.3.2.3.1. Arquitectura general ................................................................................. 15 1.3.2.3.2. Virtual Machine (VM) o Máquina Virtual ..............................................MATEMATICAS 17 1.3.2.3.3. Hypervisor o Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) ..................................... 17 1.3.2.3.4. Sistema Operativo Anfitrión (Host OS) ..................................................Y 18 1.3.2.3.5. Sistema Operativo Visitante (Guest OS) ................................................. 18 1.3.2.3.6. Hardware Real o físico ............................................................................. 18 1.3.2.3.7. Alternativas de Virtualización de Servidores .......................................... 19 1.3.2.3.8. Virtualización de Sistema Operativo. ...................................................... 19 1.3.2.3.9. Virtualización Completa .......................................................................... 20 1.3.2.3.10. Paravirtualización ................................................................................... 21 1.3.2.3.11. Virtualización Nativa o Virtualización Híbrida .................................... 22 1.4. Virtualización De Servidores: VirtualizaciónFISICAS Completa, Paravirtualización Y Virtualización Híbrida ........................................................................................................... 22 1.4.1. Virtualización Completa ........................................................................................... 22 1.4.2. Paravirtualización ..................................................................................................... 25 1.4.3. Virtualización Híbrida ............................................................................................. 28 1.5. Software Para Virtualización .........................................................................................
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