Major Trends in Operating Systems Development
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Profession of IT Multitasking Without Thrashing Lessons from Operating Systems Teach How to Do Multitasking Without Thrashing
viewpoints VDOI:10.1145/3126494 Peter J. Denning The Profession of IT Multitasking Without Thrashing Lessons from operating systems teach how to do multitasking without thrashing. UR INDIVIDUAL ABILITY to The first four destinations basi- mercial world with its OS 360 in 1965. be productive has been cally remove incoming tasks from your Operating systems implement mul- hard stressed by the sheer workspace, the fifth closes quick loops, titasking by cycling a CPU through a load of task requests we and the sixth holds your incomplete list of all incomplete tasks, giving each receive via the Internet. In loops. GTD helps you keep track of one a time slice on the CPU. If the task 2001, David Allen published Getting these unfinished loops. does not complete by the end of its O 1 Things Done, a best-selling book about The idea of tasks being closed loops time slice, the OS interrupts it and puts a system for managing all our tasks to of a conversation between a requester it on the end of the list. To switch the eliminate stress and increase produc- and a perform was first proposed in CPU context, the OS saves all the CPU tivity. Allen claims that a considerable 1979 by Fernando Flores.5 The “condi- registers of the current task and loads amount of stress comes our way when tions of satisfaction” that are produced the registers of the new task. The de- we have too many incomplete tasks. by the performer define loop comple- signers set the time slice length long He views tasks as loops connecting tion and allow tracking the movement enough to keep the total context switch someone making a request and you of the conversation toward completion. -
1St Slide Set Operating Systems
Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems 1st Slide Set Operating Systems Prof. Dr. Christian Baun Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (1971–2014: Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main) Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering [email protected] Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS2021 1/24 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Organizational Information E-Mail: [email protected] !!! Tell me when problems problems exist at an early stage !!! Homepage: http://www.christianbaun.de !!! Check the course page regularly !!! The homepage contains among others the lecture notes Presentation slides in English and German language Exercise sheets in English and German language Sample solutions of the exercise sheers Old exams and their sample solutions What is the password? There is no password! The content of the English and German slides is identical, but please use the English slides for the exam preparation to become familiar with the technical terms Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS2021 2/24 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Literature My slide sets were the basis for these books The two-column layout (English/German) of the bilingual book is quite useful for this course You can download both books for free via the FRA-UAS library from the intranet Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS2021 3/24 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Learning Objectives of this Slide Set At the end of this slide set You know/understand. -
BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications
BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications San Jacinto College This course was developed from generally available open educational resources (OER) in use at multiple institutions, drawing mostly from a primary work curated by the Extended Learning Institute (ELI) at Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA), but also including additional open works from various sources as noted in attributions on each page of materials. Cover Image: “Keyboard” by John Ward from https://flic.kr/p/tFuRZ licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. BCIS 1305 Business Computer Applications by Extended Learning Institute (ELI) at NOVA is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. CONTENTS Module 1: Introduction to Computers ..........................................................................................1 • Reading: File systems ....................................................................................................................................... 1 • Reading: Basic Computer Skills ........................................................................................................................ 1 • Reading: Computer Concepts ........................................................................................................................... 1 • Tutorials: Computer Basics................................................................................................................................ 1 Module 2: Computer -
Virtualization and Security Aspects: an Overview
Rui Filipe Pereira, Rui Miguel Silva & João Pedro Orvalho Virtualization and Security Aspects: An Overview Rui Filipe Pereira [email protected] Lab UbiNET – Computer Science Security and Cybercrime Polytechnic Institute Of Beja Beja, Portugal Rui Miguel Silva [email protected] Lab UbiNET – Computer Science Security and Cybercrime Polytechnic Institute Of Beja Beja, Portugal João Pedro Orvalho [email protected] Lab UbiNET – Computer Science Security and Cybercrime Polytechnic Institute Of Beja Beja, Portugal Abstract Virtualization allows a single system to concurrently run multiple isolated virtual machines, operating systems (OSes) or multiple instances of a single OS. It helps organizations to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, improve the use of hardware, and to allocate resources on- demand. Nevertheless, like most technologies, it has vulnerabilities and threats. Research about security issues related to virtualization has been conducted for several years. However, there are still open challenges related to security in virtualization. This paper looks into some of the differences, issues, challenges, and risks caused by virtualization and aims to classify the various virtualization approaches, along with their goals, advantages and drawbacks from a security perspective. Such classification is expected to help in the identification of virtualization technologies that might be applied in a virtualized infrastructure. This work is intended to be an introduction to the security considerations, concerns, and implications arising from use of virtualized systems. Keywords: Virtualization, Cybersecurity, Hypervisor, Virtual Machine, Virtual Machine Monitor. 1. INTRODUCTION Virtualization is a technology that uses a logical environment to overcome the physical limitations of hardware. Due to its characteristics of encapsulation and isolation, virtualization is the basis for cloud computing paradigm. -
Sistemas Operativos Moviles: Funcionalidades, Efectividad Y Aplicaciones Utiles En Colombia. Sanly Aponte Gomez Carlos Davila Ra
SISTEMAS OPERATIVOS MOVILES: FUNCIONALIDADES, EFECTIVIDAD Y APLICACIONES UTILES EN COLOMBIA. SANLY APONTE GOMEZ CARLOS DAVILA RAMIREZ UNIVERSIDAD EAN FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA DE SISTEMAS TEKHLAR BOGOTA 2011 SISTEMAS OPERATIVOS MOVILES: FUNCIONALIDADES, EFECTIVIDAD Y APLICACIONES UTILES EN COLOMBIA. SANLY APONTE GOMEZ CARLOS DAVILA RAMIREZ Proyecto de Grado Tekhlar II como requisito para optar al título de Ingeniero en Sistemas Asesor ING. JAVIER DUARTE UNIVERSIDAD EAN FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA DE SISTEMAS TEKHLAR BOGOTA 2011 DEDICATORIA SANLY APONTE GOMEZ MIS ESFUERZOS SE LOS DEDICO: A DIOS. Por ser mí guía, fortaleza y protección en cada momento de mi vida, pasando cada día los obstáculos presentados en mis estudios hasta alcanzar mis metas profesionales. A MIS PADRES. Carmen Lucy Gómez Penna y Jaime Aponte Rivillas. Con todo mi amor, les agradezco por confiar en mí, por darme la vida y guiarme por el camino correcto. Es por eso que pude lograr la culminación de mis estudios profesionales, porque sin ustedes no los hubiera finalizado. A MIS HERMANOS. Luis Enrique Aponte y José Alfredo Aponte. Gracias por apoyarme y darme valor en los momentos más difíciles de mis estudios ya que soy un punto de referencia para ustedes. A MI TIA. Yolima Aponte Por ofrecerme todo su apoyo incondicional guiándome en mi vida personal y estudio profesional. A MI COMPAÑERO DE PROYECTO. Carlos Dávila Ramírez. Por su apoyo y acompañamiento en el desarrollo de este Proyecto de Grado que hoy entregamos finalmente. AGRADECIMIENTOS. Agradezco a la UNIVERSIDAD EAN por su buena educación a nivel personal y profesional, dándome buenas prácticas de aprendizaje y oportunidades de desarrollarme como Ingeniera de Sistemas. -
1St Slide Set Operating Systems
Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems 1st Slide Set Operating Systems Prof. Dr. Christian Baun Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (1971–2014: Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main) Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering [email protected] Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 1/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Organizational Information E-Mail: [email protected] !!! Tell me when problems problems exist at an early stage !!! Homepage: http://www.christianbaun.de !!! Check the course page regularly !!! The homepage contains among others the lecture notes Presentation slides in English and German language Exercise sheets in English and German language Sample solutions of the exercise sheers Old exams and their sample solutions Participating in the exercises is not a precondition for exam participation But it is recommended to participate the exercises The content of the English and German slides is identical, but please use the English slides for the exam preparation to become familiar with the technical terms Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 2/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems The Way a good Course works. Image Source: Google Mr. Miyagi says: „Not only the student learns from his master, also the master learns from his student.“ Active participation please! Prof. Dr. Christian Baun – 1st Slide Set Operating Systems – Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences – WS1920 3/31 Organizational Information Operating Systems Generations of Computer Systems and Operating Systems Things, which are bad during a Course. -
Operating Systems What Is OS?
Operating Systems What is OS? Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work. It is the software the enables all the programs we use. The OS organizes and controls the hardware. OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware. Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc., What OS does? An operating system performs basic tasks such as, controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking and managing file systems. Structure of Operating System: Application Programs System Programs Software (Operating System) HARDWARE (Contd…) Structure of Operating System (Contd…): The structure of OS consists of 4 layers: 1. Hardware Hardware consists of CPU, Main memory, I/O Devices, etc, 2. Software (Operating System) Software includes process management routines, memory management routines, I/O control routines, file management routines. (Contd…) Structure of Operating System (Contd…): 3. System programs This layer consists of compilers, Assemblers, linker etc. 4. Application programs This is dependent on users need. Ex. Railway reservation system, Bank database management etc., Evolution of OS: The evolution of operating systems went through seven major phases. Six of them significantly changed the ways in which users accessed computers through the open shop, batch processing, multiprogramming, timesharing, personal computing, and distributed systems. In the seventh phase the foundations of concurrent programming were developed and demonstrated in model operating systems. (Contd…) Evolution of OS (contd..): Major Technical Operating Phases Innovations Systems Open Shop The idea of OS IBM 701 open shop (1954) Batch Tape batching, BKS system (1961) First-in, first-out Processing scheduling. -
Operating Systems What Is OS?
Operating Systems What is OS? • Operating System is a software, which makes a computer to actually work. • It is the software the enables all the programs we use. • The OS organizes and controls the hardware. • OS acts as an interface between the application programs and the machine hardware. • Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc., What OS does? An operating system performs basic tasks such as, • controlling and allocating memory, • prioritizing system requests, • controlling input and output devices, • facilitating networking and • managing file systems. Structure of Operating System Application Programs System Programs Software (Operating System) HARDWARE (Contd…) Structure of Operating System (Contd…) The structure of OS consists of 4 layers: 1. Hardware Hardware consists of CPU, Main memory, I/O Devices, etc, 2. Software (Operating System) Software includes process management routines, memory management routines, I/O control routines, file management routines. (Contd…) Structure of Operating System (Contd…) 3. System programs This layer consists of compilers, Assemblers, linker etc. 4. Application programs This is dependent on users need. Ex. Railway reservation system, Bank database management etc., Evolution of OS • The evolution of operating systems went through seven major phases. • Six of them significantly changed the ways in which users accessed computers through the open shop, batch processing, multiprogramming, timesharing, personal computing, and distributed systems. • In the seventh phase the foundations of concurrent programming were developed and demonstrated in model operating systems. (Contd…) Evolution of OS (contd..) Major Phases Technical Innovations Operating Systems Open Shop The idea of OS IBM 701 open shop (1954) Batch Processing Tape batching, BKS system (1961) First-in, first-out scheduling. -
Reverse Engineering a Microcomputer-Based Control Unit
REVERSE ENGINEERING A MICROCOMPUTER-BASED CONTROL UNIT John R. Bork A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY August 2005 Committee: David Border, Advisor Sri Kolla Sub Ramakrishnan © 2005 John R. Bork All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT David Border, Advisor This study demonstrated that complex process control solutions can be reverse engineered using the Linux 2.6 kernel without employing any external interrupts or real-time enhancements like RTLinux and RTAI. Reverse engineering creates knowledge through research, observation, and disassembly of a system part in order to discern elements of its design, manufacture, and use, often with the goal of producing a substitute. For this study Intel x86 compatible computer hardware running custom programs on a Fedora Core 2 GNU/Linux operating system replaced the failure-prone microcomputer-based control unit used in over 300,000 Bally electronic pinball machines manufactured from 1977 to 1985. A pinball machine embodies a degree of complexity on par with the problems encountered in a capstone undergraduate course in electronics and is fair game for reverse engineering because its patents have expired, although copyrighted program code is still protected. A black box technique for data development analyzed the microprocessor unit in terms of a closed-loop process control model. Knowledge of real-time computing theory was leveraged to supplant legacy circuits and firmware with modern, general-purpose computer architecture. The research design was based on iterative, quantitatively validated prototypes. The first iteration was a user program in which control of the solenoids was accomplished but the switch matrix failed to correctly detect switch closures. -
Desarrollo De Herramientas Didácticas Para El Aprendizaje De Symbian OS
ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DE TELECOMUNICACIÓN UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE CARTAGENA Proyecto Fin de Carrera Desarrollo de herramientas didácticas para el aprendizaje de Symbian OS AUTOR: Carlos José Piñera Sánchez DIRECTOR: Javier Vales Alonso Octubre / 2007 Autor Carlos José Piñera Sánchez E-mail del Autor [email protected] Director(es) Javier Vales Alonso E-mail del Director [email protected] Codirector(es) - Título del PFC Desarrollo de herramientas didácticas para el aprendizaje de Symbian OS Descriptores Symbian, Sony Ericsson P800, J2ME, C++, Carbide C++, Netbeans Resumen Debido al gran interés que suscitan en la sociedad de hoy en dia los dispositivos móviles, estos, han sufrido una gran evolución en los últimos años. Se han producido una gran cantidad de cambios, tanto en el hardware como en el software ampliando sus capacidades hasta unos límites inimaginables hace algunos años. Este desarrollo ha producido la necesidad de nuevos entornos para los mismos, produciendo el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas operativos encargados de gestionar los dispositivos. Entre todos estos sistemas operativos destaca Symbian OS, ya que nació de un consorcio entre las grandes marcas de desarrollo de tecnología móvil (Nokia, Sony Ericsson, LG, Samsung, etc.) y por tanto ha sido apoyado e incluido en todos sus terminales mas avanzados. Symbian OS es hoy en dia el sistema operativo para sistemas móviles mas expandido. Posee una gran cantidad de peculiaridades que lo hace atractivo para la gestión y desarrollo sobre smartphones. Por todo ello surge la necesidad de aprender a utilizar este sistema operativo. En este proyecto se han desarrollado un completo tutorial de aprendizaje de Symbian/OS, que reúne y explica todas las herramientas que proporciona. -
Are Central to Operating Systems As They Provide an Efficient Way for the Operating System to Interact and React to Its Environment
1 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in OPERATING SYSTEMS DESIGN Topic Objective: At the end of this topic student will be able to understand: Understand the operating system Understand the Program execution Understand the Interrupts Understand the Supervisor mode Understand the Memory management Understand the Virtual memory Understand the Multitasking Definition/Overview: An operating system: An operating system (commonly abbreviated to either OS or O/S) is an interface between hardware and applications; it is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the limited resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for applications that are run on the machine. Program execution: The operating system acts as an interface between an application and the hardware. Interrupts: InterruptsWWW.BSSVE.IN are central to operating systems as they provide an efficient way for the operating system to interact and react to its environment. Supervisor mode: Modern CPUs support something called dual mode operation. CPUs with this capability use two modes: protected mode and supervisor mode, which allow certain CPU functions to be controlled and affected only by the operating system kernel. Here, protected mode does not refer specifically to the 80286 (Intel's x86 16-bit microprocessor) CPU feature, although its protected mode is very similar to it. Memory management: Among other things, a multiprogramming operating system kernel must be responsible for managing all system memory which is currently in use by programs. www.bsscommunitycollege.in www.bssnewgeneration.in www.bsslifeskillscollege.in 2 www.onlineeducation.bharatsevaksamaj.net www.bssskillmission.in Key Points: 1. -
Operating Systems
Operating Systems Introduction, Processes, Threads Daniel Gruss October 2, 2020 Table of contents www.tugraz.at 1. Basics 2. History 3. Booting 4. Process and Thread Fundamentals 5. Context Switches 6. Process and Thread Organization 1 Basics What is an Operating System www.tugraz.at 2 What is an Operating System www.tugraz.at 3 What is an Operating System www.tugraz.at 4 What is an Operating System www.tugraz.at Run on all sorts of devices: Servers, Desktops, Notebooks Tablets, Smartphones Routers, Switches, Displays Door Locks, Washing Machines, Toasters Cars, Airplanes .... We focus on general purpose operating systems 5 Operating System Roles www.tugraz.at Referee Illusionist Glue 6 Operating System Roles: Referee www.tugraz.at Referee Manage resource allocation among users and applications Isolation of different users, applications from each other Isolation of applications and operating system Communication between users, application 7 Operating System Roles: Illusionist www.tugraz.at Illusionist Abstraction of hardware and other things Makes application design simpler Each application appears to have the entire machine to itself Illusion of Infinite number of processors (near) infinite amount of memory reliable storage reliable network transport 8 Operating System Roles: Glue www.tugraz.at Glue Libraries, user interface widgets, . 9 Example: File Systems www.tugraz.at Referee Prevent users from accessing each other's files without permission Even after a file is deleted and its space re-used Illusionist Files can grow (nearly) arbitrarily large Files persist even when the machine crashes in the middle of a save 10 Example: File Systems www.tugraz.at Glue Nam ed directories, printf, .