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Descargar Este Archivo Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 92 (2021): e923482 Ecología Vegetación y flora vascular del ejido Llano de Ojo de Agua, Depresión del Balsas, municipio de Churumuco, Michoacán, México Vegetation and vascular flora of the ejido Llano de Ojo de Agua, Balsas River Basin, Churumuco municipality, Michoacán, Mexico Guillermo Ibarra-Manríquez a, *, Guadalupe Cornejo-Tenorio a, Karen Beatriz Hernández-Esquivel a, Misael Rojas-López b y Lorenzo Sánchez-Sánchez b a Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México b Ejido Llano Ojo de Agua, Calle Sonora s/n, Colonia Guadalupe, 61080 Churumuco, Michoacán, México *Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] (G. Ibarra-Manríquez) Recibido: 21 abril 2020; aceptado: 13 septiembre 2020 Resumen Derivado del trabajo de campo realizado entre 2012 y 2016, se describen los 2 tipos de bosque tropical (caducifolio y subcaducifolio) y la flora vascular del ejido Llano de Ojo de Agua, ubicado en la Depresión del Balsas (Michoacán). Se registraron 466 especies (2 subespecies), que representan 303 géneros y 84 familias. Fabaceae (83 especies), Euphorbiaceae (34) y Asteraceae (32) destacaron por su riqueza, mientras que en la categoría de género, lo fueron Bursera, Ipomoea (cada uno con 14 especies) y Euphorbia (13). El endemismo de la flora a escala del país fue de 41.1% (192 especies), 4.1% (19) para la Depresión del Balsas, con 7 especies restringidas a Michoacán. Las hierbas fueron la forma de crecimiento más frecuente (216 especies, 46.3%), seguidas por los árboles (155, 33.2%). Un total de 98 especies se encuentran asignadas bajo alguna categoría de riesgo. Se confirma la importancia florística de la Depresión del Balsas y la pertinencia de continuar con su inventario en áreas poco exploradas. Palabras clave: Bosque tropical caducifolio; Burseraceae; Fabaceae; Formas de crecimiento; Leguminosae; Reserva de la biosfera; Bosque tropical subcaducifolio Abstract As a result of field work carried out between 2012 and 2016, 2 types of tropical forests (deciduous and semideciduous) and the vascular flora contained within them in the communal land Llano de Ojo de Agua, located in Balsas Basin (Michoacán), are described. A total of 466 species (2 subspecies), 303 genera and 84 families were registered. Fabaceae (83 species), Euphorbiaceae (34) and Asteraceae (32) are noteworthy due to their species richness, whereas at the generic level the most diverse were Bursera, Ipomoea (14 species each) and Euphorbia (13). The ISSN versión electrónica: 2007-8706; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología. Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (4.0) https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3482 G. Ibarra-Manríquez et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 92 (2021): e923482 2 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3482 endemism of the flora at a national scale was 41.1% (192 species), 4.1% (19) for the Balsas Basin and 7 species are restricted to Michoacán. Herbs were the most frequent growth form (216 species, 46.2%), followed by trees (155, 33.2%). A total of 98 species are assigned in some risk category. The floristic importance of the Balsas Basin and the pertinence of continuing its inventory in unexplored areas is confirmed. Keywords: Tropical deciduous forest; Burseraceae; Fabaceae; Growth forms; Leguminosae; Biosphere reserve; Tropical subdeciduous forest Introducción de la flora de la sierra El Pelado, Puebla, con 339 especies; las familias que sobresalen por su riqueza son Fabaceae, Si bien los bosques tropicales estacionalmente secos Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Cactaceae y Euphorbiaceae. despliegan una distribución pantropical, es en América Por otro lado, Rzedowski (1978) había subrayado donde se encuentra el mayor número de sus ecorregiones la importancia y particularidades de la flora de la (Bezauri-Creel, 2010). Este bioma muestra importantes Depresión del Balsas al proponerla como parte de una contrastes en su composición, estructura y diversidad y de las 17 provincias florísticas de México, la Provincia una de las razones para explicar esa heterogeneidad en de la Depresión del Balsas (reino Neotropical, región sus atributos comunitarios es la distribución discontinua Caribea). Esta provincia incluye parte de los territorios de que despliega en América (México hasta Argentina y Las Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Oaxaca Antillas), la cual influyó en la evolución y distribución y Puebla. Recientemente, Morrone (2014) comparte esta geográfica de distintos linajes, un aspecto que se ha circunscripción como provincia, destacando que su altitud combinado con su establecimiento en sitios que difieren territorial es menor a los 2,000 m, con ejemplos de especies en factores ambientales relevantes como el tipo de suelo endémicas de aves, coleópteros, mamíferos y plantas. o la topografía (Pennington et al., 2009). La variación Rzedowski (1978) resaltó que el componente de especies florística de este bioma permitió delimitar 12 regiones endémicas es relevante, pero no aportó un valor preciso en el continente americano (Banda et al., 2016), una y solo se ejemplificó con la diversificación de Bursera de las cuales fue México, para la que se indica 73% (Burseraceae). En esta contribución también se indicó que de especies endémicas. Esta última cifra contrasta con Backebergia (Cactaceae), Haplocalymma (Asteraceae) y Villaseñor y Ortiz (2014), quienes estiman un porcentaje Pseudolopezia (Onagraceae) son probablemente endémicos menor (45% de 6,188 especies). Villaseñor (2016) señala a la provincia. Posteriormente, Rzedowski (1991) resaltó que la riqueza de especies características de este bioma que la Depresión del Balsas es una zona importante por es de 3,225 (aquellas que solo se encuentran en 1 o 2 el número de especies paleoendémicas que resguarda. de los 5 biomas que reconoce para México) y que los La provincia florística de la Depresión del Balsas cuenta estados con mayor riqueza son Oaxaca (1,396 especies), con aportaciones para algunos grupos taxonómicos como Guerrero (1,251), Jalisco (1,237), Michoacán (1,053) y Celastraceae (Guerrero-Ruiz et al., 2002), Combretaceae Chiapas (945). (Pegaza-Calderón y Fernández-Nava, 2005) o del género En México, este bioma ocupa una extensión relevante Ficus, Moraceae (González-Castañeda et al., 2010). en la provincia fisiográfica de la Depresión del Balsas El ejido Llano de Ojo de Agua, ubicado en la (Rzedowski, 1978; Villaseñor, 2016). Una referencia Depresión del Balsas, en Michoacán, es una comunidad importante para el conocimiento de la flora de esta área motivada en conservar y manejar los recursos bióticos es la de Fernández-Nava et al. (1998), quienes documentan que se distribuyen dentro de su territorio ejidal. Estos un total de 202 familias y 4,442 especies. Asteraceae intereses se incrementaron en 2007, cuando el ejido destacó por el número de géneros y especies (136 y se incorporó como parte de la Reserva de la Biosfera 573, respectivamente), seguida por Fabaceae (90/486), Zicuirán-Infiernillo (Conanp, 2014). La conservación y Poaceae (84/253) y Orchidaceae (51/197). Posteriormente, manejo de sus recursos bióticos descansa, primariamente, Rodríguez-Jiménez et al. (2005) cuantificaron 337 especies en su inventario, una visión que los ejidatarios comparten de plantas vasculares endémicas de la Depresión del Balsas y por la que decidieron apoyar el desarrollo del presente y nuevamente destacaron la relevancia de Asteraceae (48 estudio. En consecuencia, llevar a cabo un diagnóstico especies) y Fabaceae (30), seguidas por Orchidaceae (24), florístico de esta área está justificado. Una razón adicional Cactaceae (21), Burseraceae (17) y Crassulaceae (17), sin surge por su ubicación dentro de la provincia florística de mencionar géneros endémicos. Recientemente, Rojas- la Depresión del Balsas, ya que Sousa (2010) resaltó que Martínez y Flores-Olvera (2019) documentaron la riqueza el conocimiento de la flora no es el mismo a lo largo de su G. Ibarra-Manríquez et al. / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 92 (2021): e923482 3 https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3482 área, debido a la carencia de estudios florísticos detallados. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en un período de Aunado a lo anterior, el tipo de vegetación predominante 5 años (2012-2016), con 2 a 6 días de actividad por mes. en este ejido es el bosque tropical caducifolio, que forma En total, se recolectaron 1,586 ejemplares, incluyendo parte de una ecorregión (Bosques Secos del Balsas), a entre 3 y 6 duplicados. El juego principal fue depositado la cual se le ha asignado el mayor nivel de prioridad de en el Herbario Nacional (MEXU) de la Universidad conservación, debido a su distintividad ecológica y porque Nacional Autónoma de México; los demás duplicados se su estado de conservación actual es crítico (Bezaury-Creel, distribuyeron a otros herbarios nacionales y del extranjero 2010). Consecuentemente, el objetivo del presente estudio (e.g., MO). es aportar una lista de las plantas vasculares del ejido Los tipos de vegetación se definieron con base en la Llano de Ojo de Agua, en el que se indique para cada una clasificación de Rzedowski (1978). La caracterización se de ellas su forma de crecimiento, endemismo (México, realizó de forma fisonómica, mediante observación directa Depresión del Balsas o Michoacán), si está considerada en campo, considerando
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