DOCSLIB.ORG

Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: the Sky

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago: the Sky This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Trees of the Northern Sierra Madre Occidental and Sky Islands of Southwestern North America Richard S. Felger1 and Matthew B. Johnson2 Abstract.-This report covers the naturally occurring montane tree flora of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of eastern Sonora and western Chihuahua and the sky islands extending into southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. This flora is comprised of 233 species in 130 genera and 61 families, which represents approximately 5 percent of the total flora of the region. The region is a meeting place of the temperate North American and Neotropical tree floras with intrusions of Sonoran and Chihuahuan desert at lower elevations. The legume (Fabaceae), oak (Fagaceae), and pine (Pinaceae) families are the most diverse, and the oaks (Quercus) and pines (Pinus) are the largest genera. This is the first comprehensive listing of the trees of the northern Sierra Madre Occidental. Extensive areas of tropical deciduous forest (TDF) cover the lower elevations of the southern part of the region in Sonora and Chihuahua and harbor 60 percent of the regional tree flora. Oak woodland and pine-oak woodland occur at higher elevations and mixed conifer forest at the highest elevations, and support 43, 33, and 11 percent respectively of the regional tree flora, The Madrean forest once stretched unbroken into the American tropics but accelerating deforestation is leading to fragmentation of the keystone species populations, INTRODUCTION We are including all of the tree species known to us in the montane regions at elevations above This publication covers the trees of the sky is­ the deserts and grassland in the north, and above land mountains of southeastern~rizona, tropical thornscrub in the south. The northern sky southwestern New Mexico, northeastern Sonora, islands, especially at higher elevations, have a and northwestern Chihuahua, and the contiguous continental and temperate makeup. Many north northern Sierra Madre Occidental in western Chi­ temperate tree species penetrate far southward in huahua and eastern Sonora. The northern limit of the interior of Mexico at intermediate or higher this bioregion is marked by the Pinalefto Moun­ elevations in areas such as the Central Plateau. tains (Mt. Graham) in Arizona. Out of practicality Fourteen percent of the tree flora, or 33 tree taxa we have set the southern limit of this study at the (species and a few subspecies or varieties) reach Sonora-Sinaloa border and adjacent mountains of their southern limits in the region (Table 1, p. 78- southwestern Chihuahua. The mountains just east 83). of the Cascada de Basaseachic in southern Chi­ Overall, the region is arid to semi-arid except huahua form the southeastern point, and the at the highest elevations. The lower elevations in Sierra de Alamos in southern Sonora marks the the northern part of the region are bounded by the southwestern point. The sky island ranges in Ari­ Sonoran Desert on the western flanks and the Chi­ zona include the Chiricahua, Galiuro, Huachuca, huahuan Desert and grassland on the eastern Pinalefto, Rincon, Santa Catalina, Santa Rita flanks. The southern mountains, especially at mountains, and in New Mexico the Animas and lower and intermediate elevations, support tropi­ southern Peloncillo mountains. A land of ex­ cal and subtropical biota. This southern flora, in tremes, it is topographically and geologically southeastern Sonora and southwestern Chihua­ complex. hua, consists largely of a flora that is continuous with the American tropics. As one moves north­ ward through our region, there is a tendency 1Dry/ands Institute, Tucson, AZ. towards a reduction in stature and an attrition of 2Desert Legume Program, University' of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. tropical species and genera. Seventy-two percent 71 of the tree flora, or 164 species of southern or would not be surprising to find the flex and the tropical origin reach their northern limits in the two Prunus species in northern Sinaloa. A number region (Table 1; also see Felger et al., this volume). of others occur only in the southern part of our Nine plant families represented by trees here do region and in northern Sinaloa, e.g., Albizia si­ not extend farther north in western North Amer­ naloensis, Brongniartia alamosana, Diospyros ica, i.e., Bombacaceae, Clethraceae, sonorae, Opuntia thurberi var. alamosenses, O. Cochlospermaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Magno­ wilcoxii, Quercus albocincta, Q. tarahumara, and liaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Olacaceae, and Sabal uresana. In fact, the flora of northern Si­ Opiliaceae. naloa flora is not separable from that of southern The total annual precipitation generally de­ Sonora and southwestern Chihuahua (Gentry creases from south to north, but increases with 1946a, 1946b, 1982). elevation. Precipitation is largely bi-seasonal. The The characters, including size, that constitute monsoon-like, summer rainy season is most pro­ a "tree" are often highly subjective but useful for nounced and dependable towards the south, indicating trends, and important for considering while winter precipitation increases in importance keystone or habitat-modifying organisms. The de­ northward. Soil moisture is the principal limiting marcation between the larger shrubs and smaller factor in this dry region. The northward expan­ trees is especially subjective. We have chosen a sion of many of the more tropical or subtropical height of 5 m as the artificial limit between shrubs species is blocked by an invisible "frost-line" of and trees, and when in doubt have favored in­ freezing weather coupled with increasing aridity. cluding woody plants and excluding the more Frosts are infrequent or virtually absent towards herbaceous species with seasonal die-back. We the southern part of the region at lower to inter­ have also decided that if a plant is classified as a mediate elevations. Increasing aridity northward tree one should be able to climb up into it, or tends to raise the lower elevational limits of the theoretically climb it if the spines are removed, tropical/subtropical trees while the frost-line de­ without causing it to collapse. Many have a single scends in elevation. This results in narrowing trunk at least 10 cm in diameter at about 1 m elevational distributions or bands of tropical/ sub­ above ground level. Some species included in this tropical species northward and fragmentation of listing have multiple trunks arising at or near the frost-sensitive and drought-intolerant popUlations ground and could be classified as shrubs rather into specific microhabitats. There is often some­ than trees. In some cases a particular species may what of a paradox, because microhabitats with the be a shrub across most of its distribution in the most favorable moisture conditions (riparian bot­ region, but in favorable habitats such as moist tomlands and north-facing slopes) tend to tropical canyons it may develop into a sizeable experience the most severe freezing temperatures Table 2.-Summary of tree species of the northern Sierra (see Burquez et al., in press). Madre Occidental and the Sky Islands including the seven The total flora for the region is estimated to largest families and five largest genera. include at least 4,000 species of vascular plants No. of No. of No. of (Felger et al., this volume). Within this rich flora families genera species we have documented 233 species of trees (Table Gymnosperms 2 7 26 Dicotyledons 56 119 198 1), which represent about 5 percent of the total Monocotyledons 3 4 9 flora. These tree species are distributed in 130 Total 61 130 233 genera and 61 families (Table 2). In our opinion Families: this tree flora is approximately 95 percent com­ Fabaceae 23 36 plete, with additional records likely to be found in Fagaceae 1 21 the remote mountains and canyons in southwest­ Pinaceae 4 18 Moraceae 4 9 ern Chihuahua and adjacent Sonora. The largest Euphorbiaceae 7 8 families of trees are the legume (Fabaceae), oak Cupressaceae 3 8 (Fagaceae), and pine (Pinaceae) families, and the Burseraceae 1 8 Salicaceae 2 7 most diverse genera are the oaks (Quercus; fig. 1) Cactaceae 4 6 and pines (Pinus) (Table 2). There are about seven tree species and one va­ Largest genera: QuerclJs 21 riety endemic to the region: Fraxinus gooddingii, Pinus 12 flex rubra, Nolina matapensis, Opuntia th urberi Bursera 8 var. thurberi, Prunus gentryi, P. zinggii, Yucca Acacia 6 Ficus 6 schottii, and Y. grandiflora (Table 1). However, it Juniperus 5 72 Figure 1.-leaves of nineteen species of Madrean and sky island oaks (Quercus): (a) Q. albocincta, cusi, encino roble, encino prieto, a Red (Black) Oak. (b) Q. arizonica, Arizona white oak, encino blanco. (c) Q. chihuahuensis, Chihuahua oak, encino blanco, encino chino, a White Oak. (d) Q. chryso/epis, canyon live oak, an intermediate Oak. (e> Q. coccolobifolia, encino negro, a Red Oak. (1) Q. durifolia, a Red Oak. (g) O. emoryi, Emory oak, blackjack oak, bel/ota, a Red Oak. (h) O. gambelll, Gambel oak, Rocky Mountain white oak. (I) Q. gr;sea, / gray oak, a White Oak. (j) 0, hypo/eucoides, silverleaf oak, encino blanco, encino c%ra do, cusi, a Red Oak. v;. -I: (k) O. hypo/eucoides, the southern form, sO,metimes ~~~...J..,~. ~.. ~ J),~........... -:.' .. ~ known as Q. scytophylla Liebm. (I) O. mcvaughii, encino roble, a Red Oak. (m) O. oblongifol/a, Mexican blue oak, encino azul, a White Oak. en) O. rugosa, net-leaf oak, a Red Oak. (0) O. sideroxy/a, encino prieto, a Red Oak. (p) Q. subspathulata, a White Oak. (q)Q. tarahumara, hand basin oak, encino cajete, a Red Oak. (r) Q. toumeyl, a ,\-".' . " ~ " White Oak. (s) Q. tubercu/afa, encino amarillo, a White I Oak. (t) Q. vlminea, willow leaf oak, saudllo, a Red Oak. I /' Drawings by MBJ. 73 tree (e.g., Aralia humilis and Stemmadenia ture used here results from our interpretation of tomentosa).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix L: Oak Savanna Definition
    Appendix L: Oak Savanna Definition Appendix L: Oak Savanna Definition Working Definition of “Savanna” for shaded environments under trees, shifting as the tree canopy becomes more open or closed. Herba- Restoration Efforts at Crane Meadows ceous species typical of prairie and forest co-occur; NWR in addition to a set of very specific savanna species (see lists below) that have high fidelity to this com- General Definition of Southern Dry Savanna: munity type (Texler Personal commun., Drobney Personal commun. (Buchanan 1996). This spatial Savanna habitat at Crane Meadows NWR, like variation within the understory is a function of the savanna across its range, is a fire-dependent, varying degrees of species tolerance to shade and dynamic community characterized by scattered sun. Forbs are an essential component of the under trees or groves of trees, mostly comprised of oaks - story. Another important component of savanna (Quercus sp.) with a canopy cover ranging from 10– 70%, but more typically between 25-50%; and a understory is the shrub layer. The understory of basal area (BA) of 5-50 sq ft / acre. A wide range is savanna on the Anoka Sandplain, including those at Crane Meadows NWR, can be present with or with- used because canopy cover is not the most impor- tant characteristic that defines savanna and also out shrubs. The extent of shrub density is depen- because savanna ecosystems are dynamic and are dent on the subtype savanna classification and the frequency of fire (Law et al. 1994, Swanson 2008, associated with a natural range of variation through space and time.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Check List and Host Index Arizona Wood
    Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood-Rotting Fungi Item Type text; Book Authors Gilbertson, R. L.; Martin, K. J.; Lindsey, J. P. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 28/09/2021 02:18:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602154 Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood - Rotting Fungi Technical Bulletin 209 Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Arizona Tucson AÏfJ\fOTA TED CHECK LI5T aid HOST INDEX ford ARIZONA WOOD- ROTTlNg FUNGI /. L. GILßERTSON K.T IyIARTiN Z J. P, LINDSEY3 PRDFE550I of PLANT PATHOLOgY 2GRADUATE ASSISTANT in I?ESEARCI-4 36FZADAATE A5 S /STANT'" TEACHING Z z l'9 FR5 1974- INTRODUCTION flora similar to that of the Gulf Coast and the southeastern United States is found. Here the major tree species include hardwoods such as Arizona is characterized by a wide variety of Arizona sycamore, Arizona black walnut, oaks, ecological zones from Sonoran Desert to alpine velvet ash, Fremont cottonwood, willows, and tundra. This environmental diversity has resulted mesquite. Some conifers, including Chihuahua pine, in a rich flora of woody plants in the state. De- Apache pine, pinyons, junipers, and Arizona cypress tailed accounts of the vegetation of Arizona have also occur in association with these hardwoods. appeared in a number of publications, including Arizona fungi typical of the southeastern flora those of Benson and Darrow (1954), Nichol (1952), include Fomitopsis ulmaria, Donkia pulcherrima, Kearney and Peebles (1969), Shreve and Wiggins Tyromyces palustris, Lopharia crassa, Inonotus (1964), Lowe (1972), and Hastings et al.
    [Show full text]
  • MF3246 Drought-Tolerant Trees for South-Central Kansas
    Drought-Tolerant Trees for South-Central Kansas Jason Griffin, Ph.D., Nursery and Landscape Specialist Steps to establish a drought-tolerant tree Drought is a common occurence affecting the health of trees in south-central Kansas. Property owners who notice • Choose a healthy tree from a retail garden center. A healthy wilting and scorched leaves (below) may wonder if trees tree with a robust root system will establish rapidly, reducing will survive. Drought alone rarely kills well-established transplant shock and stress. To learn more, see Selecting and trees. But effects of extended drought, combined with other Planting a Tree (L870). stressors, can be serious and irreversible. Lack of water • Locate a suitable planting site. Ensure adequate soil volume limits a tree’s ability to absorb nutrients, weakens natural for the selected species. This allows the root system to spread defenses and leaves it vulnerable to heat, cold, insects, and and improves access to soil, water, nutrients, and oxygen. The pathogens. In some cases, the tree may die. root zone should contain fertile, well-drained soil free of pests, diseases, and foreign debris. Avoid any location that collects or All trees have natural protection from ordinary seasonal holds water for a long time. This deprives roots of oxygen, and drought, and some species are known for their ability to reduces root growth and overall plant health. withstand severe, prolonged drought conditions. Even for • Plant properly and at the right time of year. Many tree trees that are not particularly drought-tolerant, a healthy failures can be traced to poor planting practices.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Medicinal Properties of Psidium Guajava
    Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2018; 6(4): 44-47 ISSN (E): 2320-3862 ISSN (P): 2394-0530 A review on medicinal properties of Psidium NAAS Rating: 3.53 JMPS 2018; 6(4): 44-47 guajava © 2018 JMPS Received: 10-05-2018 Accepted: 11-06-2018 Arjun Kafle, Sushree Sangita Mohapatra, Indrapal Reddy and Manju Arjun Kafle Chapagain Veterinray Officer, Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy Pharma Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, Abstract India Nature has endowed Guava with many nutritional and medicinal properties. The fruits are 4-12 cm long with round or oval shape depending on the species (red, strawberry, and off-white). The tree, which Sushree Sangita Mohapatra belongs to the family, Myrtaceae is chiefly grown in countries with tropical and subtropical climate. The Teaching Assistant, Department pink variety of guava (when dissected) has the maximum medicinal values. Fruits as well as leaves has of Veterinary Pharmacology and many health benefits viz, antidiarrhoeal, antihypertensive, antilipedemic, anticancer etc. Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andra Keywords: Medicinal properties of Psidium guajava Pradesh, India Indrapal Reddy 1. Introduction Phd, Jawaharlal Nehru Nature has blessed Guava or Psidium guajava with many essential nutrients. Historically, Technological University, Guava is said to be cultivated in South Africa for commercial purpose and has been brought to Hyderabad, Telangana, India country India by the Portuguese. As a fruit, Guava is very common in Asian countries but Manju Chapagain occupies a greater space in western countries mainly because of its medicinal properties. It is a Lecturer, Asian Institute of small tree belonging to family Myrtaceae [2]. The tree can be cultivated in any soil provided Nursing Education, Guwahati, the climate is tropical or subtropical.
    [Show full text]
  • Ctz78-02 (02) Lee Et Al.Indd 51 14 08 2009 13:12 52 Lee Et Al
    Contributions to Zoology, 78 (2) 51-64 (2009) Variation in the nocturnal foraging distribution of and resource use by endangered Ryukyu flying foxes(Pteropus dasymallus) on Iriomotejima Island, Japan Ya-Fu Lee1, 4, Tokushiro Takaso2, 5, Tzen-Yuh Chiang1, 6, Yen-Min Kuo1, 7, Nozomi Nakanishi2, 8, Hsy-Yu Tzeng3, 9, Keiko Yasuda2 1 Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Biodiversity, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan 2 The Iriomote Project, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 671 Iriomote, Takatomi-cho, Okinawa 907- 1542, Japan 3 Hengchun Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Pingtung 946, Taiwan 4 E-mail: [email protected] 5 E-mail: [email protected] 6 E-mail: [email protected] 7 E-mail: [email protected] 8 E-mail: [email protected] 9 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: abundance, bats, Chiroptera, diet, figs, frugivores, habitat Abstract Contents The nocturnal distribution and resource use by Ryukyu flying foxes Introduction ........................................................................................ 51 was studied along 28 transects, covering five types of habitats, on Material and methods ........................................................................ 53 Iriomote Island, Japan, from early June to late September, 2005. Study sites ..................................................................................... 53 Bats were mostly encountered solitarily (66.8%) or in pairs (16.8%), Bat and habitat census ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Black Oak Savanna Nature Centres 5 Summer Camp Sign-Up 6 by Kevin Tupman Oak Savanna
    THE GRAND STRATEGY NEWSLETTER Volume 15, Number 3 - May-June 2010 Grand River The Grand: Conservation A Canadian Authority Heritage River Feature Fire restores a rare savanna forest 1 Milestones Byng island’s 50th 2 Look Who’s Taking Action Caring for bluebirds 3 Swallow habitat 4 Rotary forest 5 Fire restores a rare forest: What’s happening New programs at black oak savanna nature centres 5 Summer camp sign-up 6 By Kevin Tupman oak savanna. Older oaks now existing within the SWP update 6 Natural Heritage Specialist area are a testament to the vision, progressive for Grand River a grand its time, expressed in the master plan. place to paddle 7 ost people know that some plants and ani- Fire is necessary because this rare ecosystem Water festival photo 7 Mmals are at risk, such as the bald eagle and is sustained by fire. Historically, fire resulted American ginseng, but not many people realize from either lightning or aboriginal inhabitants. Now Available that communities such as forests, can also be at Fire ensures that savanna areas do not turn into Grand new risk. dense forests. Only trees with a high tolerance fishing book 7 It is true that sugar maple woodlots and pine for fire, such as the black oak, are able to sur- plantations are commonplace. However, the vive. European settlers cleared much of the savanna Calendar 8 GRCA is restoring one of the rarest of forests — for agriculture. They also suppressed the fires. a black oak savanna close to Apps’ Mill in Brant This meant that surviving pockets of savanna Cover photo County.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Pima County Multi-Species Conservation Plan, Arizona
    United States Department of the Interior Fish and ,Vildlife Service Arizona Ecological Services Office 2321 West Royal Palm Road, Suite 103 Phoenix, Arizona 85021-4951 Telephone: (602) 242-0210 Fax: (602) 242-2513 In reply refer to: AESO/SE 22410-2006-F-0459 April 13, 2016 Memorandum To: Regional Director, Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico (ARD-ES) (Attn: Michelle Shaughnessy) Chief, Arizona Branch, Re.. gul 7/to . D'vision, Army Corps of Engineers, Phoenix, Arizona From: Acting Field Supervisor~ Subject: Biological and Conference Opinion on the Pima County Multi-Species Conservation Plan, Arizona This biological and conference opinion (BCO) responds to the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) requirement for intra-Service consultation on the proposed issuance of a section lO(a)(l)(B) incidental take permit (TE-84356A-O) to Pima County and Pima County Regional Flood Control District (both herein referenced as Pima County), pursuant to section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (U.S.C. 1531-1544), as amended (ESA), authorizing the incidental take of 44 species (4 plants, 7 mammals, 8 birds, 5 fishes, 2 amphibians, 6 reptiles, and 12 invertebrates). Along with the permit application, Pima County submitted a draft Pima County Multi-Species Conservation Plan (MSCP). On June 10, 2015, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) requested programmatic section 7 consultation for actions under section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CW A), including two Regional General Permits and 16 Nationwide Permits, that are also covered activities in the MSCP. This is an action under section 7 of the ESA that is separate from the section 10 permit issuance to Pima Couny.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument
    In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service This page left intentionally blank. In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument By Brian F. Powell, Cecilia A. Schmidt, William L. Halvorson, and Pamela Anning Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web:http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested Citation Powell, B.F., Schmidt, C.A., Halvorson, W.L., and Anning, Pamela, 2008, Vascular plant and vertebrate inventory of Chiricahua National Monument: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1023, 104 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1023/]. Cover photo: Chiricahua National Monument. Photograph by National Park Service. Note: This report supersedes Schmidt et al. (2005). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument
    Schmidt, Drost, Halvorson In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Plant and Vertebrate Vascular U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Open-File Report 2006-1163 Southwest Biological Science Center Open-File Report 2006-1163 November 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument By Cecilia A. Schmidt, Charles A. Drost, and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2006-1163 November, 2006 USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 Note: This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use in the U.S. Geological Survey. This information is NOT intended for use in open literature prior to publication by the investigators named unless permission is obtained in writing from the investigators named and from the Station Leader. Suggested Citation Schmidt, C. A., C. A. Drost, and W. L. Halvorson 2006. Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument. USGS Open-File Report 2006-1163.
    [Show full text]
  • Dos Cabezas Mountains Proposed LWC Is Affected Primarily by the Forces of Nature and Appears Natural to the Average Visitor
    DOS CABEZAS MOUNTAINS LANDS WITH WILDERNESS CHARACTERISTICS PUBLIC LANDS CONTIGUOUS TO THE BLM’S DOS CABEZAS MOUNTAINS WILDERNESS IN THE NORTHERN CHIRICAHUA MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA A proposal report to the Bureau of Land Management, Safford Field Office, Arizona APRIL, 2016 Prepared by: Joseph M. Trudeau, Amber R. Fields, & Shannon Maitland Dos Cabezas Mountains Wilderness Contiguous Proposed LWC TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE: This Proposal was developed according to BLM Manual 6310 page 3 METHODS: The research approach to developing this citizens’ proposal page 5 Section 1: Overview of the Proposed Lands with Wilderness Characteristics Unit Introduction: Overview map showing unit location and boundaries page 8 • provides a brief description and labels for the units’ boundary Previous Wilderness Inventories: Map of former WSA’s or inventory unit’s page 9 • provides comparison between this and past wilderness inventories, and highlights new information Section 2: Documentation of Wilderness Characteristics The proposed LWC meets the minimum size criteria for roadless lands page 11 The proposed LWC is affected primarily by the forces of nature page 12 The proposed LWC provides outstanding opportunities for solitude and/or primitive and unconfined recreation page 16 A Sky Island Adventure: an essay and photographs by Steve Till page 20 MAP: Hiking Routes in the Dos Cabezas Mountains discussed in this report page 22 The proposed LWC has supplemental values that enhance the wilderness experience & deserve protection page 23 Conclusion: The proposed
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmaceutical Applications of a Pinyon Oleoresin;
    PHARMAC E UT I CAL A PPL ICAT IONS OF A PINYON OLEORESIN by VICTOR H. DUKE A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy University of Utah May, 1961 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY elF UTAH I I This Thesis for the Ph. D. degree by Victor H. Duke has been approved by Reader, Supervisory Head, Major Department iii Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge his gratitude to each of the following: To Dr. L. David Hiner, his Dean, counselor, and friend, who suggested the problem and encouraged its completion. To Dr. Ewart A. Swinyard, critical advisor and respected teacher, for inspiring his original interest in pharmacology. To Dr. Irving B. McNulty and Dr. Robert K. Vickery, true gentlemen of the botanical world, for patiently intro­ ducing him to its wonders. To Dr. Robert V. Peterson, an amiable faculty con­ sultant, for his unstinting assistance. To his wife, Shirley and to his children, who have worked with him, worried with him, and who now have succeeded with him. i v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. REPORTED USES OF PINYON OLEORESI N 6 A. Internal Uses 6 B. External Uses 9 III. GENUS PINUS 1 3 A. Introduction 13 B. Pinyon Pines 14 1. Pinus edulis Engelm 18 2. Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem. 23 3. Anatomy 27 (a) Leaves 27 (b) Bark 27 (c) Wood 30 IV. COLLECTION OF THE OLEORESIN 36 A. Ch ip Method 40 B.
    [Show full text]