Design for Scalability in 3D Computer Graphics Architectures
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Contributors
gems_ch001_fm.qxp 2/23/2004 11:13 AM Page xxxiii Contributors Curtis Beeson, NVIDIA Curtis Beeson moved from SGI to NVIDIA’s Demo Team more than five years ago; he focuses on the art path, the object model, and the DirectX ren- derer of the NVIDIA demo engine. He began working in 3D while attending Carnegie Mellon University, where he generated environments for playback on head-mounted displays at resolutions that left users legally blind. Curtis spe- cializes in the art path and object model of the NVIDIA Demo Team’s scene- graph API—while fighting the urge to succumb to the dark offerings of management in marketing. Kevin Bjorke, NVIDIA Kevin Bjorke works in the Developer Technology group developing and promoting next-generation art tools and entertainments, with a particular eye toward the possibilities inherent in programmable shading hardware. Before joining NVIDIA, he worked extensively in the film, television, and game industries, supervising development and imagery for Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within and The Animatrix; performing numerous technical director and layout animation duties on Toy Story and A Bug’s Life; developing games on just about every commercial platform; producing theme park rides; animating too many TV com- mercials; and booking daytime TV talk shows. He attended several colleges, eventually graduat- ing from the California Institute of the Arts film school. Kevin has been a regular speaker at SIGGRAPH, GDC, and similar events for the past decade. Rod Bogart, Industrial Light & Magic Rod Bogart came to Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) in 1995 after spend- ing three years as a software engineer at Pacific Data Images. -
Reviving the Development of Openchrome
Reviving the Development of OpenChrome Kevin Brace OpenChrome Project Maintainer / Developer XDC2017 September 21st, 2017 Outline ● About Me ● My Personal Story Behind OpenChrome ● Background on VIA Chrome Hardware ● The History of OpenChrome Project ● Past Releases ● Observations about Standby Resume ● Developmental Philosophy ● Developmental Challenges ● Strategies for Further Development ● Future Plans 09/21/2017 XDC2017 2 About Me ● EE (Electrical Engineering) background (B.S.E.E.) who specialized in digital design / computer architecture in college (pretty much the only undergraduate student “still” doing this stuff where I attended college) ● Graduated recently ● First time conference presenter ● Very experienced with Xilinx FPGA (Spartan-II through 7 Series FPGA) ● Fluent in Verilog / VHDL design and verification ● Interest / design experience with external communication interfaces (PCI / PCIe) and external memory interfaces (SDRAM / DDR3 SDRAM) ● Developed a simple DMA engine for PCI I/F validation w/Windows WDM (Windows Driver Model) kernel device driver ● Almost all the knowledge I have is self taught (university engineering classes were not very useful) 09/21/2017 XDC2017 3 Motivations Behind My Work ● General difficulty in obtaining meaningful employment in the digital hardware design field (too many students in the field, difficulty obtaining internship, etc.) ● Collects and repairs abandoned computer hardware (It’s like rescuing puppies!) ● Owns 100+ desktop computers and 20+ laptop computers (mostly abandoned old stuff I -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,133,041 B2 Kaufman Et Al
US007133041B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 7,133,041 B2 Kaufman et al. (45) Date of Patent: Nov. 7, 2006 (54) APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR VOLUME (56) References Cited PROCESSING AND RENDERING U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Arie E. Kaufman, Plainview, NY (US); 4,314,351 A 2f1982 Postel et al. Ingmar Bitter, Lake Grove, NY (US); 4,371,933 A 2, 1983 Bresenham et al. Frank Dachille, Amityville, NY (US); Kevin Kreeger, East Setauket, NY (Continued) (US); Baoquan Chen, Maple Grove, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS MN (US) EP O 216 156 A2 4f1987 (73) Assignee: The Research Foundation of State University of New York, Albany, NY (Continued) (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Knittel, G., TriangleCaster: extensions to 3D-texturing units for patent is extended or adjusted under 35 accelerated volume rendering, 1999, Proceedings of the ACM U.S.C. 154(b) by 742 days. SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware, pp. 25-34.* (21) Appl. No.: 10/204,685 (Continued) PCT Fed: Feb. 26, 2001 (22) Primary Examiner Ulka Chauhan (86) PCT No.: PCT/USO1 (O6345 Assistant Examiner Said Broome (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Hoffmann & Baron, LLP S 371 (c)(1), (2), (4) Date: Jan. 9, 2003 (57) ABSTRACT (87) PCT Pub. No.: WOO1A63561 An apparatus and method for real-time Volume processing and universal three-dimensional rendering. The apparatus PCT Pub. Date: Aug. 30, 2001 includes a plurality of three-dimensional (3D) memory units; at least one pixel bus for providing global horizontal (65) Prior Publication Data communication; a plurality of rendering pipelines; at least one geometry bus; and a control unit. -
Opengl Distilled / Paul Martz
Page left blank intently OpenGL® Distilled By Paul Martz ............................................... Publisher: Addison Wesley Professional Pub Date: February 27, 2006 Print ISBN-10: 0-321-33679-8 Print ISBN-13: 978-0-321-33679-8 Pages: 304 Table of Contents | Inde OpenGL opens the door to the world of high-quality, high-performance 3D computer graphics. The preferred application programming interface for developing 3D applications, OpenGL is widely used in video game development, visuali,ation and simulation, CAD, virtual reality, modeling, and computer-generated animation. OpenGL® Distilled provides the fundamental information you need to start programming 3D graphics, from setting up an OpenGL development environment to creating realistic te tures and shadows. .ritten in an engaging, easy-to-follow style, this boo/ ma/es it easy to find the information you0re loo/ing for. 1ou0ll quic/ly learn the essential and most-often-used features of OpenGL 2.0, along with the best coding practices and troubleshooting tips. Topics include Drawing and rendering geometric data such as points, lines, and polygons Controlling color and lighting to create elegant graphics Creating and orienting views Increasing image realism with te ture mapping and shadows Improving rendering performance Preserving graphics integrity across platforms A companion .eb site includes complete source code e amples, color versions of special effects described in the boo/, and additional resources. Page left blank intently Table of contents: Chapter 6. Texture Mapping Copyright ............................................................... 4 Section 6.1. Using Texture Maps ........................... 138 Foreword ............................................................... 6 Section 6.2. Lighting and Shadows with Texture .. 155 Preface ................................................................... 7 Section 6.3. Debugging .......................................... 169 About the Book .................................................... -
Powervr SGX Series5xt IP Core Family
PowerVR SGX Series5XT IP Core Family The PowerVR™ SGX Series5XT Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) IP core family is a series Features of highly efficient graphics acceleration IP cores that meet the multimedia requirements of • Most comprehensive IP core family the next generation of consumer, communications and computing applications. and roadmap in the industry PowerVR SGX Series5XT architecture is fully scalable for a wide range of area and • USSE2 delivers twice the peak performance requirements, enabling it to target markets from low cost feature-rich mobile floating point and instruction multimedia products to very high performance consoles and computing devices. throughput of Series5 USSE • YUV and colour space accelerators The family incorporates the second-generation Universal Scalable Shader Engine (USSE2™), for improved performance with a feature set that exceeds the requirements of OpenGL 2.0 and Microsoft Shader • Upgraded PowerVR Series5XT Model 3, enabling 2D, 3D and general purpose (GP-GPU) processing in a single core. shader-driven tile-based deferred rendering (TBDR) architecture • Multi-processor options enable scalability to higher performance • Support for all industry standard PowerVR SGX Family mobile and desktop graphics APIs and operating sytems Series5XT SGX543MP1-16, SGX544MP1-16, SGX554MP1-16 • Fully backwards compatible with PowerVR MBX and SGX Series5 Series5 SGX520, SGX530, SGX531, SGX535, SGX540, SGX545 Benefits Multi-standard API and OS • Extensive product line supports all area/performance requirements OpenGL -
GPU Developments 2018
GPU Developments 2018 2018 GPU Developments 2018 © Copyright Jon Peddie Research 2019. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without written permission from Jon Peddie Research. This report is the property of Jon Peddie Research (JPR) and made available to a restricted number of clients only upon these terms and conditions. Agreement not to copy or disclose. This report and all future reports or other materials provided by JPR pursuant to this subscription (collectively, “Reports”) are protected by: (i) federal copyright, pursuant to the Copyright Act of 1976; and (ii) the nondisclosure provisions set forth immediately following. License, exclusive use, and agreement not to disclose. Reports are the trade secret property exclusively of JPR and are made available to a restricted number of clients, for their exclusive use and only upon the following terms and conditions. JPR grants site-wide license to read and utilize the information in the Reports, exclusively to the initial subscriber to the Reports, its subsidiaries, divisions, and employees (collectively, “Subscriber”). The Reports shall, at all times, be treated by Subscriber as proprietary and confidential documents, for internal use only. Subscriber agrees that it will not reproduce for or share any of the material in the Reports (“Material”) with any entity or individual other than Subscriber (“Shared Third Party”) (collectively, “Share” or “Sharing”), without the advance written permission of JPR. Subscriber shall be liable for any breach of this agreement and shall be subject to cancellation of its subscription to Reports. Without limiting this liability, Subscriber shall be liable for any damages suffered by JPR as a result of any Sharing of any Material, without advance written permission of JPR. -
Real-Time Graphics Architecture P
4/18/2007 Real-Time Graphics Architecture Lecture 4: Parallelism and Communication Kurt Akeley Pat Hanrahan http://graphics.stanford.edu/cs448-07-spring/ CS448 Lecture 4 Kurt Akeley, Pat Hanrahan, Spring 2007 Topics 1. Frame buffers 2. Types of parallelism 3. Communication patterns and requirements 4. Sorting classification for parallel rendering (with examples) CS448 Lecture 4 Kurt Akeley, Pat Hanrahan, Spring 2007 1 4/18/2007 Frame Buffers Raster vs. calligraphic Raster (image order) dominant choice Calligraphic (object order) Earliest choice (Sketchpad) E&S terminals in the 70s and 80s Works with light pens Scene complexity affects frame rate Monitors are expensive Still required for FAA simulation Increases absolute brightness of light points CS448 Lecture 4 Kurt Akeley, Pat Hanrahan, Spring 2007 2 4/18/2007 Frame buffer definitions What is a frame buffer? What can we learn by considering different definitions? CS448 Lecture 4 Kurt Akeley, Pat Hanrahan, Spring 2007 Frame buffer definition #1 Storage for commands that are executed to refresh the display Allows for raster or calligraphiccalligraphic display (e. g. Megatech) “Frame buffer” for calligraphic display is a “display list” OpenGL “render list”? Key point: frame buffer contents are interpreted Color mapping Image scaling, warping Window system (overlay, separate windows, …) Address Recalculation Pipeline CS448 Lecture 4 Kurt Akeley, Pat Hanrahan, Spring 2007 3 4/18/2007 Frame buffer definition #2 Image memory used to decouple the render frame rate from the display -
Deconstructing Hardware Usage for General Purpose Computation on Gpus
Deconstructing Hardware Usage for General Purpose Computation on GPUs Budyanto Himawan Manish Vachharajani Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Colorado University of Colorado Boulder, CO 80309 Boulder, CO 80309 E-mail: {Budyanto.Himawan,manishv}@colorado.edu Abstract performance, in 2001, NVidia revolutionized the GPU by making it highly programmable [3]. Since then, the programmability of The high-programmability and numerous compute resources GPUs has steadily increased, although they are still not fully gen- on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have allowed researchers eral purpose. Since this time, there has been much research and ef- to dramatically accelerate many non-graphics applications. This fort in porting both graphics and non-graphics applications to use initial success has generated great interest in mapping applica- the parallelism inherent in GPUs. Much of this work has focused tions to GPUs. Accordingly, several works have focused on help- on presenting application developers with information on how to ing application developers rewrite their application kernels for the perform the non-trivial mapping of general purpose concepts to explicitly parallel but restricted GPU programming model. How- GPU hardware so that there is a good fit between the algorithm ever, there has been far less work that examines how these appli- and the GPU pipeline. cations actually utilize the underlying hardware. Less attention has been given to deconstructing how these gen- This paper focuses on deconstructing how General Purpose ap- eral purpose application use the graphics hardware itself. Nor has plications on GPUs (GPGPU applications) utilize the underlying much attention been given to examining how GPUs (or GPU-like GPU pipeline. -
Depth Buffer Test
Computer Graphics – OpenGL – Philipp Slusallek History: Graphics Hardware • Graphics in the ‘80ies – Framebuffer was a designated memory in RAM – „HW“: Set individual pixels directly via memory access • Peek & poke, getpixel & putpixel, … • MDA ('81: text only but 720x350 resolution, monochrome, 4 kB of RAM!) – Character code was index into bit pattern in ROM for each character • CGA ('81: 160x200: 16 colors w/ tricks; 320x200: 4 col; 640x200: 2 col) • EGA ('85: 640x350: 16 from 64 col, CGA mode) • VGA ('90: 640x480: 16 col @ table with 2^18 col, 320x200: 256 col), with BIOS extension – Everything done on CPU • Except for driving the display output History: Graphics Hardware (II) • Today (Nvidia Ampere Flagship GA 102, RTX 3090) – Discrete graphics card via high-speed link • e.g. PCIe-4.0 x16: up to 64 GB/s transfer rate – Autonomous, high performance GPU (more powerful than CPU) • 10,496 SIMD processors • Up to 24GB of local GDDR6X RAM (A6000: 48 GB, x2 via NVLink) • 936 GB/s memory bandwidth • 35.6 TFLOPS 16bit floats • 35.6 TFLOPS single precision (SP) + ? TFLOPS doubles (DP) • 35.6/142/284/568 TFLOPS in FP32/16/Int8/4 via 328 Tensor Cores (RTX) • 20? GigaRays/s, 84 RT Cores • Dedicated ray tracing HW unit (BVH traversal & tri. interpol & intersect) • Total of 28.3 Billion transistors at 350 Watt – Performs all low-level tasks & a lot of high-level tasks • Clipping, rasterization, hidden surface removal, … + Ray Tracing • Procedural geometry, shading, texturing, animation, simulation, … • Video rendering, de- and encoding, deinterlacing, … • Full programmability at several pipeline stages • Deep Learning & Matrix-Multiply (sparse x2): Training and Inference Nvidia GA102 GPU History: Graphics APIs • Brief history of graphics APIs – Initially every company had its own 3D-graphics API – Many early standardization efforts • CORE, GKS/GKS-3D, PHIGS/PHIGS-PLUS, .. -
Parallel Image Generation Using the J-Buffering
-PARALLEL IMAGE GENERATION USING THE J-BUFFERING... -... ALGORITHM ON A MEDIUM GRAINED DISTRIBUTED MEMORY MODEL COMPUTER By ERIC MARTIN BLAZEK Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1988 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 1991 OJ.clahoma State Univ.. Library PARALLEL IMAGE GENERATION USING THE Z-BUFFERING ALGORITHM ON A MEDIUM GRAINED DISTRIBUTED MEMORY MODEL COMPUTER Thesis Approved: Thesis .d;Z. [ ~-~ Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wlsh to express my gratitude to Dr. Blayne E. Mayfield for his constant advice and suggestions from the very beginning of this thesis. My thanks also go to Dr. K.M. George and Dr. George Hedrick for serving on my graduate committee. Lastly, I acknowledge the help of Dr. Keith Teague and Dr. David Miller for their assistance. All of thelr suggestions and help was much appreciated. To all of my family, but especially my parents, Larry and Marietta Jo, my heartfelt thanks for all the many years of love and support. My thanks go to Larry Kraemer also for his time and experience in the many hours of proofing and typing. And flnally, to Laura Wardius, soon to be my wife, my eternal thanks for her patience and companionship these last five years. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION. 1 Two Goals of Computer Graphics .... 1 Z-Buffering Is The Answer . 3 Parallel Z-Buffer1ng, A Better Answer . 3 Overview. , . 4 II. BACKGROUND ..... 6 Scene Components . -
Release 85 Notes
ForceWare Graphics Drivers Release 85 Notes Version 88.61 For Windows Vista x86 and Windows Vista x64 NVIDIA Corporation May 2006 Published by NVIDIA Corporation 2701 San Tomas Expressway Santa Clara, CA 95050 Notice ALL NVIDIA DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS, REFERENCE BOARDS, FILES, DRAWINGS, DIAGNOSTICS, LISTS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS (TOGETHER AND SEPARATELY, “MATERIALS”) ARE BEING PROVIDED “AS IS.” NVIDIA MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO THE MATERIALS, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NVIDIA Corporation assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information or for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of NVIDIA Corporation. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. NVIDIA Corporation products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of NVIDIA Corporation. Trademarks NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, 3DFX, 3DFX INTERACTIVE, the 3dfx Logo, STB, STB Systems and Design, the STB Logo, the StarBox Logo, NVIDIA nForce, GeForce, NVIDIA Quadro, NVDVD, NVIDIA Personal Cinema, NVIDIA Soundstorm, Vanta, TNT2, TNT, -
An Advanced Path Tracing Architecture for Movie Rendering
RenderMan: An Advanced Path Tracing Architecture for Movie Rendering PER CHRISTENSEN, JULIAN FONG, JONATHAN SHADE, WAYNE WOOTEN, BRENDEN SCHUBERT, ANDREW KENSLER, STEPHEN FRIEDMAN, CHARLIE KILPATRICK, CLIFF RAMSHAW, MARC BAN- NISTER, BRENTON RAYNER, JONATHAN BROUILLAT, and MAX LIANI, Pixar Animation Studios Fig. 1. Path-traced images rendered with RenderMan: Dory and Hank from Finding Dory (© 2016 Disney•Pixar). McQueen’s crash in Cars 3 (© 2017 Disney•Pixar). Shere Khan from Disney’s The Jungle Book (© 2016 Disney). A destroyer and the Death Star from Lucasfilm’s Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (© & ™ 2016 Lucasfilm Ltd. All rights reserved. Used under authorization.) Pixar’s RenderMan renderer is used to render all of Pixar’s films, and by many 1 INTRODUCTION film studios to render visual effects for live-action movies. RenderMan started Pixar’s movies and short films are all rendered with RenderMan. as a scanline renderer based on the Reyes algorithm, and was extended over The first computer-generated (CG) animated feature film, Toy Story, the years with ray tracing and several global illumination algorithms. was rendered with an early version of RenderMan in 1995. The most This paper describes the modern version of RenderMan, a new architec- ture for an extensible and programmable path tracer with many features recent Pixar movies – Finding Dory, Cars 3, and Coco – were rendered that are essential to handle the fiercely complex scenes in movie production. using RenderMan’s modern path tracing architecture. The two left Users can write their own materials using a bxdf interface, and their own images in Figure 1 show high-quality rendering of two challenging light transport algorithms using an integrator interface – or they can use the CG movie scenes with many bounces of specular reflections and materials and light transport algorithms provided with RenderMan.