Cymothoidae from Fishes of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf) (Crustacea: Isopoda)

Home , Cymothoidae, Nerocila, Strongylura strongylura

THOMAS E. BOWMAN and INAM U. TAREEN

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S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 382

Gymothoidae from Fishes of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf) (Crustacea: Isopoda)

Thomas E. Bowman and Inam U. Tareen

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1983 ABSTRACT

Bowman, Thomas E., and Inam U. Tareen. Cymothoidae from Fishes of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf) (Crustacea: Isopoda), Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 382, 30 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables, 1983.—Cymothoid isopods, parasites of fishes, are reported from Kuwait and the Arabian Gulf. Six genera (1 new) and 9 species (6 new) are reported, including the new genus Joryma and the new species Joryma sawayah, Anilocra monoma, Nerocila kisra, N. sigani, N. arres, and Catoessa gruneri. Nerocila phaiopleura Bleeker is illustrated and redescribed. Notes and illustrations are given for Cymothoa eremita (Briinnich) and a species of Mothocya that is not identified to species because the single specimen is immature. A key is given to the species of Nerocila having serrate margins on the uropodal endopods. Three species of Agarna, A. engraulidis Barnard, A. brachysoma Pillai, and A. tartoor Pillai, are transferred to the new genus Joryma. Agarna malayi Tiwari, which had been transferred to Idusa, is returned to its original genus.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavemosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Bowman, Thomas E. Cymothoidae from fishes of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf) (Crustacea, Isopoda) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 382) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no. : SI 1.27:382 1. Cymothoidae—Classification. 2. Fishes—Persian Gulf—Parasites. 3. Crustacea—Classi- fication. 4. Crustacea—Persian Gulf—Classification. I. Tareen, Inam U. II. Title. III. Series. QL1.S54 no. 382 591s [595.372} 83-600096 [QL444.M34] Contents

Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 1 Anilocra Leach, 1818 1 Anilocra monoma, new species 1 Nerocila Leach, 1818 5 Nerocila (Nerocila) phaiopleura Bleeker, 1857 5 Key to Those Species of Nerocila with Serrate Uropodal Endopods . 7 Nerocila (Emphylia) kisra, new species 8 Nerocila (Nerocila) sigani, new species 12 Nerocila (Nerocila) arres, new species 12 Catoessa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 17 Catoessa gruneri, new species 18 Joryma, new genus 18 Joryma sawayah, new species 21 Mothocya Costa, 1851 25 Mothocya species 25 Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793 25 Cymothoa eremita? (Briinnich, 1783) 25 Discussion 28 Literature Cited 29

Cymothoidae from Fishes of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf) (Crustacea: Isopoda)

Thomas E. Bowman and Inam U. Tareen

Introduction and 2 show the localities where collections were made. It is not surprising that references to cymothoid The number listed after each specimen is the isopods are found in some of the earliest works on length in mm from the anterior margin of the natural history (e.g., Belon, 1553) for these crus- head to the posterior margin of the telson. taceans are conspicuous parasites of many fishes, All specimens are deposited in the Division of including species that have provided us with food Crustacea, National Museum of Natural History, for centuries. Despite the antiquity of these pub- Smithsonian Institution. (USNM = collections of lished references, there are many parts of the the former United States National Museum, de- world where the indigenous cymothoids are posited in the National Museum of Natural His- poorly known or completely unknown. One of the tory, Smithsonian Institution.) former regions is the Arabian Gulf, including ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank Mr. Grabe for Kuwait Bay, from which only 2 species of cymo- making available the Dames and Moore material. thoids have been reported, Ichthyoxenus asymmetrica Anne C. Cohen assembled and mounted the Ahmed, 1970a, and Nerocila heterozota Ahmed, drawings. The syntype of Nerocila serra was bor- 1970b. To partly correct this deficiency we report rowed from the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, herein on a collection of cymothoids from Kuwait Stockholm, through the courtesy of Charlotte made by the second author, supplemented by Holmquist. collections from Kuwait Bay made by Stephen A. Grabe of the consulting firm, Dames and Moore (marked "SG" in "Material" sections), and spec- Anilocra Leach, 1818 imens from Kuwait submitted by Welton Lee through Ernest W. Iverson (marked "WL" in Anilocra monoma, new species

"Material" sections). Sample not labled "SG" or FIGURES 3a-u, 4 "WL" were collected by I.U. Tareen. Figures 1 MATERIAL.—From Acanthopagrus latus (Hout- Thomas E. Bowman, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Nationaltuyn): Fish market, Jun 1977, USNM 190883, $ Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. Inam U. Tareen, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Re- 23 (paratype). From Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton-Bu- search, Box 36825, Raas, Kuwait. chanan): Doha, 30 Aug 1976, USNM 190881, 9 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

IRAQ

KUWAI

1. DOHA

2. KUWAIT BAY

3.RAS AL ARD

4.FAYLAKA

5. OH A

e.FINTAS

7. PLATFORM

8.KUBBAR

9.KITA

.O.DOHAT AL 2OOR

i 45' FIGURE 1.—Arabian Gulf along the coast of Kuwait, showing localities where cymothoid isopods were collected by Tareen. NUMBER 382

615 5 10

FIGURE 2.—Kuwait Bay, showing stations where cymothoid isopods were collected by Grabe; Offshore trawl stations are connected by lines to inshore stations having same station number where seined collections were made; exact position of latter depended upon tide level.

32 (holotype). From Nematalosus nasus (Bloch): distinct caudomedial lobe; that of larger speci- SG 608 (seine), 5 Oct 1981, USNM 191044, ju- mens wider than long, without caudomedial lobe. venile 19.2 (paratype). From Johnius aneus: Kita, Uropods slightly longer than telson, rami linear, Mar 1977, USNM 190882, 2$ 23.5, 46 (para- subequal or endopod slightly longer. types). ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION.—Antenna 1 8-mer- ETYMOLOGY.—From the Greek mono (one) plus ous; segments 1-3 and 8 each with a few distal oma (suffix signifying tumor), referring to the setules. Antenna 2 longer and broader than an- presence of a swelling on only one margin of the tenna 1, reaching midlength of pereonite 1, 8- dactyl in pereopods 1-4. merous. Mandible with dense cluster of apical DIAGNOSIS.—Head with nearly straight lateral setae on 3rd segment of palp. Maxilla 1 with 4 margins, only slightly concave at level of anten- apical spines. Maxilla 2 with 2 spines on inner nae 1 and 2. Antenna 1 with segment 3 produced and outer lobes. Maxilliped palp with 3 apical anteriorly into rounded lobe. Dactyls of pereo- spines. Pereopods gradually increasing in size ex- pods 1-4 with swelling on anterior margin, with- cept pereopod 7 much longer than pereopod 6; out swelling or with only faint suggestion of swell- pereopods 5-7 with a few setules on distal seg- ing on posterior margin. Telson broadly rounded, ments. Exopods of pleopods slightly longer than that of smaller specimens longer than wide, with endopods, with partial suture on lateral margin. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 3.—Anilocra monoma, new species (a-d, i-k, l-t = 32 mm 9 holotype from Hilsa ilisha; e, g, h = 23 mm 9 paratype from Acanthopagrus latus; / = 46 mm 9 paratype, u = 23.5 mm 9 paratype, both from Johmus aneus: a, habitus, dorsal; b, head and pereon, lateral; c, head and pereonite 1, dorsal; d, head, ventral; e,f, telson and uropods, dorsal; g, antenna 1; h, antenna 2; i, mandible; j, maxilla 2; k, maxilla 1; /, maxilliped; m, apex of palp of maxilliped; n-t, pereopods 1-7; u, pleopod 1. Anilocra Uptosoma, from Thailand: v, dactyl of pereopod 1, showing swellings on both margins. NUMBER 382

FIGURE 4.—Anilocra monoma, new species {a-d = 23.5 mm paratype from Johnius aneus; e 23 mm paratype from Acanthopagrus latus): a-d, right pleopods 2-5, posterior; e, uropod.

Endopods of pleopod 2 with simple proximome- One of them is the second species in the heretofore dial lobe; endopods of pleopods 3 and 4 with monotypic subgenus Emphylia Koelbel, 1879, re- complexly folded proximomedial lobes and 3 or cently resurrected (Bowman, 1978). In all 3 of the 4 pockets on proximal third of posterior surface; new species the endopod of the uropod has a endopod of pleopod 5 with very complex proxi- serrate lateral margin, a character known only in momedial lobes and surface folds, more so than Nerocila trivitatta Bleeker, 1857, N. serra Schioedte shown in figure. RELATIONSHIPS.—Only 2 known species of An- and Meinert, 1881, and N. monodi Hale, 1940. ilocra have both a produced 3rd segment in antenna 1 and swellings in the dactyls of the anterior Nerocila (Nerocila) phaiopleura Bleeker, 1857 pereopods. Anilocra leptosoma Bleeker, known from Indonesia to the Gulf of Suez and South Africa, FIGURE 5 has a more slender body than A. monoma, the head is more abruptly narrowed at the level of anten- Nerocila phaiopleura Bleeker, 1857:25-26, pi. 1: fig. 3. nae 1 and 2, the anterior pereopods have swellings Nerocila phaeopleura Bleeker.—Miers, 1880:467.—Schioedte on both sides, and the telson differs in shape, the and Meinert, 1881:13-15, pi. 1: figs. 6, 7.—Gerstaecker, 1882:260.—Nierstrasz, 1915:75, 76, figs. 1, 2; 1918:113, sides being parallel for the proximal %, then 114, figs. 6, 7; 1931:124.—Barnard, 1925:392; 1936:164, turning sharply inward and meeting in an angu- 165, fig. 6a-c—Chilton, 1926:180, 181, fig. 3a,b.— lar apex. Anilocra dimediata Bleeker, known from Monod, 1934:12.—Serene, 1937:69.—Morton, 1974:143- Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, the Philippines, 148, pi. 1.—Kensley, 1978:82, fig. 33D.—Bruce, 1982:316- Vietnam, Sri Lanka, and Kerala, India, has a 318, figs. l,4a-c. head shape similar to that of A. leptosoma, the posterolateral corners of pleonites 4 and 5 are MATERIAL.—From Chirocentrus dorab (Forskal): acutely produced, and the telson is a third longer SG, 22 Sep 1981, USNM 191051, 9 18.4. From than wide. Dussumieria acuta (Cuvier and Valenciennes): SG 606 (trawl), 22 Apr 1982, USNM 191056, ovigerous $ 21.5. From unknown host, SG 610 (seine), Nerocila Leach, 1818 12 Apr 1982, USNM 191053, ovigerous 9 23.3. The Kuwait material of Nerocila is of consider- DIAGNOSIS.—Head broadly rounded anteriorly. able interest in that 3 of the 4 species are new. Antennae 1 widely separated. Pereopods 1-5 with SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 5.—Nerocila phaiopleura {a-d, k~o =21.5 mm 9 from Dussumieria acuta; e-j = 18.4 mm $ from Chirocentrus dorab): a, habitus, dorsal; b, head and pereon, lateral; c, head, dorsal; d, pleon and telson, dorsal; e, head, ventral; f-h, pereopods 1-3; i, pereopod 6: j, pereopod 7; k-o, pleopods 1-5. NUMBER 382

slight swelling on proximal part of extensor mar- terus maruadsi (Temminck and Schlegel), (Morton, gin of dactyl; pereopod 7 with marginal spines. 1974); Sardinella zunasi (Bleeker) (Bruce, 1982). Posteroventral corners of pereonites 1-4 rounded Note that both of the hosts in Kuwait have or quadrate, of pereonite 5 quadrate or slightly been reported previously as hosts of N. phaiopleura. pointed, of pereonites 6 and 7 pointed but only Morton (1974) found a constant position for N. slightly produced. Coxae broad, produced poste- phaiopleura on 4 host species of fishes at Hong riorly slightly beyond their pereonites. Lateral Kong. The isopod was always found on the posterior third of the body, overlying the lateral line processes of pleonites 1 and 2 broad, horizontal. and facing the head of the fish. This position Telson round-triangular, slightly wider than long. makes accessible the streak of red muscle under- Uropods with long slender rami; exopod about lying the lateral line, which contains much fat 1.7 X longer than endopod. Uropod exopods each and myoglobin. It also allows the isopod's abdo- with dark stripe continued on lateral parts of men to be raised for pleopod ventilation without pleon and posterior pereonites. risking dislodgement when the fish's tail beats DISTRIBUTION.—A widespread species, recorded sideways. In contrast, when infesting Dussumieria from Hong Kong (Morton, 1974; Bruce, 1982); acuta at Kuwait, N. phaiopleura was attached be- Thale Luang (as Tale Sap), a lagoon on the east hind the operculum and above the pectoral fin. coast of the Malay Peninsula, Thailand (Chilton, ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is derived 1926); Gulf of Siam (Monod, 1934, Serene, 1937); from the Greek phaios (dusky) plus pleura (side) from the East Indies at Jakarta, Java (Bleeker, and refers to the 2 lateral stripes. Bleeker (1857) 1857), and the west coast of Sumatra (Nierstrasz, headed his description with the vernacular 1918); the Bay of Bengal (Barnard, 1936); and "Nerocile a flancs bruns." The correct latinization the coast of Natal, South Africa (Barnard, 1925). would have been phaeopleura rather than Bleeker's The Kuwait specimens extend the known distri- phaiopleura, and the former has been used by all authors subsequent to Bleeker. However, ICZN bution greatly. Article 32(a) states that improper latinization is HOSTS.—"Spratelle kowale" and "Spratelle not an inadvertent error, hence phaiopleura is the tembang" (Bleeker, 1857) (probably species of correct original spelling and must be used for this Spratelloides); Chirocentrus dorab (Forskal) (Barnard,species. 1925); Dusssumieria acuta Cuvier and Valenciennes The remaining species of Nerocila considered in (Monod, 1934); Xiphias gladius Linnaeus (Bar- this report are characterized by the serrate margin nard, 1936); Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker), S. perforata of the uropodal endopod. A key to ihese species (Cantor), Dussumieria hasselti Bleeker, and Decap- is given below.

Key to Those Species of Nerocila with Serrate Uropodal Endopods

(* = Kuwait species)

1. Antennae 1 proximal segments swollen, close together. Head narrowed anteriorly *N. kisra, new species Antenna 1 proximal segments not swollen, well separated. Head broad anteriorly 2 2. Both margins of uropodal endopod serrate N. monodi Lateral margin of uropodal endopod serrate; medial margin smooth ... 3 3. Telson evenly rounded posteriorly, without caudomedial lobe *N. sigani, new species Telson with distinct caudomedial lobe 4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

4. Uropodal endopod about 3.5 X as long as broad, serrations shallow N. serra (= N. trivittata?) Uropodal endopod less than 3 X as long as broad, serrations deep *N. arres, new species

Nerocila (Emphylia) kisra, new species 4 with largest dactyl. Posteroventral corners of pereonites 1-4 not produced into points, that of FIGURES 6-8 pereonite 5 sometimes slightly produced, that of MATERIAL (all specimens except the holotype pereonite 6 usually slightly or moderately pro- are paratypes).—From Therapon puta (Cuvier and duced, that of pereonite 7 slightly to strongly Valenciennes): Nov 1976, USNM 183794, $ with produced. Coxae produced into successively empty marsupium 24.4, 2 non-ovigerous 9 25.7, longer pointed processes, always exceeding pos- 26.6, ovigerous 9 28.5; Ras-al-Ard, Jan 1977, teroventral corners of pereonites. Pleotelson 1.2- USNM 183790, 3 ovigerous $ 16.5, 17.3, 18.6; SG 1.4 X as wide as long, ending in weak caudome- 615 (trawl), 28 Oct 1981, USNM 191054, 9 24; dial lobe. Exopod of uropod sublinear, distinctly SG 602 (seine), 25 Sep 1981, USNM 191052, longer than endopod; endopod with notch on $18.0. From Scomberomorus species: Doha, 16 Feb medial margin and moderately coarse to finely 1977, USNM 183795, ovigerous 9 30.2. From serrate lateral margin. Lutjanus species: Fish market, Apr 1980, USNM ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION.—Antenna 1 8-mer- 183793, 9 with empty marsupium 22.8; 2 ovigerous; last 5 segments (= flagellum) each with dense ous 9 25.0, 30.0. From Polydactylus species, caudal peduncle: Jan 1980, USNM 183792, 9 with posterodistal cluster of esthetes. Antenna 2 11- empty marsupium 25.0. From Ilisha indica merous; segments 6-10 each with anterodistal (Swainson), on tail: Mar 1978, USNM 183791, row of fine setae; segment 11 with cluster of apical 9 with empty marsupium, anterior body not setae. Mandibular palp with a few scattered setae molted, 21.5. From Helotes sexlineatus (Quoy and at apex of 3rd segment. Maxilla 1 with 4 apical Gaimard): Ras-al-Ard, Dec 1976, USNM 183788, spines, one much stouter than others. Maxilla 2 ovigerous 9 28.4 (holotype); USNM 183789, 2 with 2 spines on inner lobe and 1 on outer lobe; ovigerous 9 28.2, 28.2. From Acanthopagrus cuvieri lobes covered with fine comb-like scales. Maxil- (Day): Fish market, Mar 1977, USNM 189266, 2 liped distal palp segment with 3 terminal spines ovigerous 9 19.6, 24.0. From Pelates quadrilineatus and smaller spine at about midlength of medial (Bloch), on lower jaw: SG 605 (seine), 24 Sep margin. Pleopods 1-5 with lateral accessory gills 1981, USNM 191047, 9 18.4; SG 604 (seine), 25 on protopod, pleopods 1-4 with medial accessory Sep 1981, USNM 191050, ovigerous 9 gills on endopod; lateral accessory gills of pleo- 19.8. From Kathala axillaris (Cuvier): SG, 31 Oct pods 2-5 bilobed, proximal lobe shown extended 1981, USNM 191048, 9 16. From unknown in figures, but was folded distally in specimen host: Sep 1981, SG 605 (seine), USNM 191049, examined; appendix masculina of pleopod 2 9 18.8; SG 615 (trawl), USNM 191046, 9 with slightly more than half length of endopod; en- embryos 23. dopods of pleopods 3 and 4 with pocket on pos- ETYMOLOGY.—The name kisra is an acronym terior surface with lateral opening; endopod of derived from the Kuwait Institute for Scientific pleopod 5 with complex folds. Research. VARIATIONS.—Body length varied consider- DIAGNOSIS.—Head narrowed anteriorly. An- ably, from 16.5-30.2 mm for ovigerous females. tenna 1 with inflated 1st segments nearly in con- The degree to which the coxae and posteroventral tact. Pereopods without swelling in dactyls; per- corners of the pereonites are produced is some- eopods 3,6, and 7 with marginal spines. Pereopod what variable (Figure 6a,hg). Pereonite 7 may be NUMBER 382

FIGURE 6.—Nerocila kisra, new species (a, c-/= 28.4 mm 9 holotype from HtloUs sexliruatus; b = $ paratype from H. sexlineatus; g, i-k = 22.8 mm 9 paratype from Lutjanus sp.; h = 25 mm $ paratype from Polydactylus sp.): a, habitus, dorsal; b, head and pereon, lateral; c, head, dorsal; d, head, ventral; e, antenna 1;/, antenna 2; g, h, pereon, lateral; i,j, pleon, dorsal; k, pleon and telson, dorsal. 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 7.—Nerocila kisra, new species, 28.4 mm $ holotype from HeloUs sexlineatus: a, left mandible; b, apex of maxilla 1; c, apex of maxilla 2; d, left maxilliped; e-k, pereopods 1-7. NUMBER 382 11

FIGURE 8.—Nerocila kisra, new species (a-e = 28.4 mm ? holotype from Helotes sexlineatus; f= 9 from H. sexlineatus; g, h = $ paratype from Therapon puta): a-e, pleopods 1-5; f-h, uropod. 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY distinctly pointed or produced into only a small 1977, USNM 189268, 9 26.2 (paratype). From point. The length and direction of the lateral Acanthopagrns latus (Houttuyn): north of platform, processes of pleonites 1 and 2 vary (Figure 6i-k), 29 Apr 1977, USNM 189265, ovigerous 9 29.0 as do the size and spacing of the teeth on the (paratype). From Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch), uropodal endopod (Figure 6f-h). caudal fin: Jan 1977, USNM 189264, ovigerous 9 30.5 (holotype). From Nemipterus tolu (Cuvier and Valenciennes), caudal fin: SG 611 (trawl), 12 Nerocila (Nerocila) sigani, new species Apr 1982, USNM 191055, ovigerous 9 28.4 (paratype). FIGURE 9 ETYMOLOGY.—From serra spelled backwards, Material.—From caudal fin of rabbit fish, Si- referring to its similarity to Nerocila serra. ganus oramin (Block and Scheider): Ras-al-Ard, DIAGNOSIS.—Head rounded anteriorly, pro- Dec 1977, USNM 190714, non-ovigerous 9 18.6 duced into broad shelf anterior to antennae 1. (holotype). Antennae 1 separated by 0.2-0.7 length of prox- ETYMOLOGY.—From the generic name of the imal segment. Pereopods 1-5 with swelling in host. dactyls (Acanthopagrus and Nemipterus specimens), DIAGNOSIS.—Head broadly rounded anteriorly, or only pereopod 5 with swelling (Epinephalus produced into shelf anterior to antennae 1. An- specimen); dactyls of pereopods 1-5 subequal. tennae 1 separated by nearly 0.8 length of proxi- Pereopod 3 with 3 marginal spines on propus in mal segment. Pereopods without swelling in dac- Nemipterus specimen, without spines in other spec- tyls; pereopods 6 and 7 with marginal spines; imens. Pereopods 6 and 7 with marginal spines. pereopods 1-5 with subequal dactyls. Posteroven- Posteroventral corners of all pereonites produced tral corners of all pereonites produced into points. into points, those of pereonites 1-5 subequal, Coxae produced into successively longer pointed those of pereonites 6 and 7 progressively longer. processes, those of coxae 1-5 subequal to poster- Coxae produced into pointed processes subequal oventral processes of pereonites, those of coxae 6, to posteroventral processes of pereonites. Pleotel- x 7 distinctly longer. Pleotelson about h wider than son nearly % wider than long; posterior end dam- long, smoothly rounded, with no trace of caudo- aged in Epinephalus and Acanthopagrus specimens, medial lobe. Exopod of uropod linear, slightly with low, broad, caudomedial lobe in Nemipterus longer than endopod; endopod with deep notch specimen. Exopod of uropod sublinear, curving on medial margin and serrate lateral margin. medially, slightly longer than endopod; endopod ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION.—Antennae 1 and 2 with deep notch on lateral margin and coarsely as in N. kisra, except esthete clusters in antenna 1 serrate medial margin. are more distal than posterodistal. Mouthparts ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION.—Antennae 1 and 2 not removed in order to avoid damaging buccal as in N. kisra, but segments 1 and 2 of antenna 1 region of single specimen. Pleopods essentially as may be partly fused and number of segments in N. kisra, with minor differences the taxonomic may differ by 1 or 2. Mouthparts not examined. significance of which cannot be evaluated from Pleopods similar to those of N. kisra and N. sigani. the single specimen. RELATIONSHIPS.—Uropods with serrate endopod margins have been reported in 3 species of Nerocila: N. trivittata Bleeker, 1857, N. serra Schioedteand Meinert, 1881, and TV. monodi Hale, Nerocila (Nerocila) arres, new species 1940. Monod considered N. serra to be a junior

FIGURES 10-12 synonym of N. trivittata (see Niestrasz, 1931:124, footnote; Hale, 1940:301). Monod's opinion may Material.—From Epinephalus tauvina (Forskal), very well be correct; the color patterns appear to caudal fin: Seif fish market, Kuwait City, 13 Feb be identical, and there is nothing in Bleeker's NUMBER 382 13

FIGURE 9.—Nerocila sigani, new species, 18.6 mm $ holotype from Siganus oramin: a, habitus, dorsal; b, habitus, lateral; c, head, ventral; d, antenna 1; e, distal margin of segment 5 of antenna 1 showing cluster of esthetes; /, antenna 2; g-m, pereopods 1-7; n-r, pleopods 1-5; s, right uropod. 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 10.—Nerocila arres, new species (a, e,f, i,j, k, n,o,p = 30.5 mm ? holotype from Nemipterus japomcus; b, g = 29.0 mm 9 paratype from Acanthopagrus latus; c, d, h, l,m — 26.2 mm ? paratype from Epituphalus tauvina): a-c, habitus, dorsal; d, e, head and pereon, lateral;/-^, head, ventral; i, left antenna \;j, left antenna 2; k, /, pereopod 1; m, n, pereopod 2; o, p, pereopod 3. NUMBER 382 15

FIGURE 11.—Nerocila arres, new species (a, c, e, h, i, k = 30.5 mm $ holotype from Nemiptems japonicus; b, d,f, g,j, I = 26.2 mm $ paratype from Epinephalus tauvina): a, b, pereopod 4; c, d, pereopod 5; e,f, pereopod 6; g, pereopod 7, distal segments; h, pereopod 7; i,j, pleopod 1; k, I, pleopod 2. 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 12.—Nerocila ants, new species (a, c, e, j, k — 26.2 mm $ paratype from Epinephalus tauvina; b, d,f, h, i = 30.5 mm 9 holotype from Nemipterus japonicus; g = 29.0 mm $ paratype from Acanthopagrus latus): a, b, pleopod 3; c, d, pleopod 4; e,f, pleopod 5; g-k, uropod. NUMBER 382 17

FIGURE 13.—Nerocila serra, $ syntype from Bangka Strait, Indonesia, Evertebratavd. Riksmuseum Stockholm, Isopoda 4974: a, habitus, dorsal; b, head, ventral; c, left pereopod 1; d, e, endopods of left and right uropods. brief description and illustrations with few details likely that the type of N. trivittata is not extant, that conflicts with the account of Schioedte and and the question of the identity of A7! trivittata and Meinert. The type-locality of N. trivittata is Am- N. serra cannot be resolved now. boina, that of N. serra Bangka, both in Indonesia. The syntype of N. serra is very similar to N. But Bleeker did not mention some important arres. Swellings are present on the dactyls of per- characters now known to be useful in distinguish- eopods 1, 4, and 5, but not pereopod 3 (pereopod ing species of Nerocila. Hoping to better charac- 2 lacks dactyls). Pereopod 3 has a single distal terize N. trivittata and N. serra, we attempted to spine on the propus. It differs from N. arres in the compare type material of the 2 species. From the uropodal endopod, which is longer and narrower, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet we obtained, through with a shallower notch on the medial margin, the courtesy of Dr. Charlotte Holmquist, one of and with smaller serrations on the lateral margin. the 2 syntypes of N. serra used by the authors in The body has 3 longitudinal dark stripes, which preparing the description. Unfortunately, we have persisted in preservative for more than a have not been able to locate Bleeker's single century. Three of our Kuwait specimens of Nero- specimen of N. trivittata. It is not in the Rijksmu- cila lack pigmentation; the specimen from Nem- seum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, as are ipterus tolu has 3 stripes as in N. serra, but lighter specimens of Bleeker's other isopod species, and in shade. Dr. L.B. Holthuis, who kindly furnished this information, pointed out that N. trivittata was not Catoessa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884 included in Nierstrasz's (1915) account of the Catoessa Schioedte and Meinert, 1884:309, 310. [Type-spe- Cymothoidae in the Leiden Museum. It seems cies, by monotypy, Catoessa scabricauda Schioedte and Mei- 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

TABLE 1.—Comparison of species of Catoessa

Species Head Antennae Pleonites Telson Uropods C. scabricauda pointed 2 longer 5 narrower much wider reach mid- anteriorly than 1 than 2-4 than long length of telson C. gruneri rounded 1 and 2 2-5 subequal slightly reach pos- anteriorly subequal in width wider than terior end long of telson

nert, 1884, Adonara I, Lesser Sunda Is., Indonesia. Host 14.2. From unknown host: SG 714 (seine), 31 unknown. Deposition, Berlin Museum.] Oct 1981, USNM 191065, ovigerous 9 13.5, non- ovigerous 9 10.8; SG 605 (seine), Sep 1981, The genus Catoessa was proposed for C. scabri- USNM 191063, 2 ovigerous 9 9.3, 10.4, 2 non- cauda, represented by a single ovigerous 9 from ovigerous 9 9.6, 10.4, 156* 4.4, 5.6, 5.6, 5.8, 6.0, Adonara Island, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands east of Flores Island. Schioedte and Meinert's 6.0, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.7, 7.0, 7.1, 8.0. (1884) Latin diagnosis of Catoessa contains almost ETYMOLOGY.—Named for Hans-Eckard Gru- nothing of generic value, and there is little justi- ner, Zoologishes Museum der Humboldt-Univer- fication for separating Catoessa from Lironeca on sitat zu Berlin, in appreciation of his noteworthy the basis of their diagnosis. However, the narrow contributions to the biology of the Isopoda. pleonite 1 and the form of the pleura of pleonites DESCRIPTION.—Body symmetrical, sides of per- 2-5 distinguish C. scabricauda and the new species eon nearly parallel. Head pyriform, narrowed described below from all of the more than 50 anterior to eyes, reflexed ventrally into rounded species of Lironeca, hence we continue to recognize lobe separating antenna 1. Eyes well developed. the little known genus Catoessa as valid. Pereonites 1-6 subequal in length; pereonite 7 apparently shorter because of overlapping by pereonite 6. Coxae 2-6 much shorter than their pereonites, coxa 7 only slightly shorter. Pleonite Catoessa gruneri, new species 1 partly to nearly completely overlapped by per- FIGURES 146-n, 15 eonite 7, narrower than rest of pleon. Pleonites 2-5 about as wide as pereonite 7; epimera di- MATERIAL (all specimens except the holotype rected laterally, narrower than central parts of are paratypes).—From Leiognathus fasciatus (La- pleonites, more or less separated from one another cepede), gills: North of platform, 30 Aug 1976, by gaps. Telson subtriangular, slightly wider than USNM 191069, 9 with empty marsupium 14.4, long. transitional $ with small appendix masculina Antenna 1 reaching anterior margin of pereon- 15.0; Ras-al-Ard, 30 Aug 1976, USNM 191067, ite 1, broader than antenna 2, basal segments of 26 7.6,8.0, WL, 6 6.4. From Ilisha indica (Swain- antennae 1 widely separated; 3 segments of pe- son), gills: Doha, 18 Dec 1976, USNM 191066, duncle successively longer, 5 flagellar segments 3$ 10.6, 11.5, 12.8. From Therapon puta (Cuvier each with distal row of esthetes. Antenna 2 sub- and Valenciennes), WL, USNM 191070, oviger- equal in length to antenna 1, more slender, 8-10- ous 9 15 (holotype). From Leiognathus daura: SG segmented. 611 (trawl), Apr 1982, USNM 191064, 2 oviger- Incisors of right and left mandibles differing in ous 9 13.2, 13.4, 3 non-ovigerous 9 11.2, 12.5, form (Figure 14i,/); 3rd segment of palp with a 13.0; SG 611 (trawl), Apr 1982, 3 ovigerous 9 few distal serrate spines. Maxilla 1 with 4 apical 12.7, 13.8, 15.0, 2 non-ovigerous 9 14.0, spines. Maxilla 2 with 2 spines on inner lobe and NUMBER 382 19

FIGURE 14.—Joryma sawayah, 12.5 mm 6* paratype from Ilisha indica: a, pleon and telson, dorsal. Catoessa gruneri {b-f= 14.4 mm 5 paratype from Leiognalhus fasciatus; g-n — 15 mm $ holotype from Therapon puta): b, habitus, dorsal; c, habitus, lateral; d, head and pereonite 1, dorsal; e, pleon and telson, dorsal;/, head, ventral; g, right antenna 1; h, right antenna 2; i, left mandible; j, incisor of right mandible; k, maxilla 1; /, maxilla 2; m, maxilliped; n, pereopod 1. 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 15.—Catoessa gruneri, new species, 15 mm 9 holotype from Therapon puta: a, pereopod 2; b, pereopod 4; c, pereopod 7; d, pleopod 1; e, pleopod 2;/, pleopod 5.

1 on outer lobe. Maxilliped with 3 spines on pleopods 1-4 each with 4 retinacula. apical segment. Uropods reaching slightly beyond telson; rami Pereopods with rather broad bases. Pereopods sublinear, narrowing slightly distally, exopod 1-6 subequal. Pereopod 7 distinctly longer, with slightly longer than endopod. elongate ischium; ischium and merus notably RELATIONSHIPS.—Until now the genus Catoessa broader than carpus and propus. Pleopods with- has been known only from the type-species, C. out accessory gills or surface folds; peduncles of scabricauda, based on a single ovigerous 9. The NUMBER 382 21 most obvious differences between C. scabricauda taxonomic contributions, and although we have and C. gruneri are summarized in Table 1. not seen the specimens he described, we are firmly convinced that Pillai made the same mistake as Richardson, and that his Agarna tartoor and A. Joryma, new genus brachysoma have normal arrangements of coxae. Furthermore, Pillai considered the coxal arrange- Agama Schioedte and Meinert 1884:328-329 [partim].—Bar- ment to have generic value, for he transferred nard 1936:169.—Pillai 1964:211. Agarna malayi Tiwari, 1953, to Indusa (lapsus for DIAGNOSIS.—Pereonite 1 produced into lobe Idusa as in Richardson 1904, 1905) saying, "That along 1 or both lateral margins of head. Coxae of Tiwari's species does not show this [distribution pereonites 2 and 3 inflated, much larger than of coxae] is sufficient proof that it does not belong remaining coxae; area medial to coxa may be to Agarna." The important generic feature of inflated also, resembling dorsolateral bosses Agama, however, is the hunched asymmetrical ("ovarian bosses") of epicarideans. Pleon nearly pereon, with the posterior pereonites flattened as wide as pereon; pereonite 1 partly or com- and expanded laterally on one side. In this feature pletely covered by pereonite 7. Antennae 1 well A. malayi is similar to the type-species, A. carinata separated at bases. Mandibular palp enlarged, Schioedte and Meinert 1884, and should be re- very stout, indistinctly or non-segmented. turned to its original genus. TYPE-SPECIES.—Joryma sawayah, new species. The remaining nominal species of Agarna, A. COMPOSITION.—Agama engraulidis Barnard, engraulidis Barnard, 1936, was described from off 1936, Agarna tartoor Pillai, 1954, Agarna brachysoma the mouth of the Devi River (~ 20°N), Orissa Pillai, 1954. State, India. Pillai (1964) transferred it to Livo- ETYMOLOGY.—In the tradition of William El- neca, but it agrees in all respects with our diagnosis ford Leach, who formed a number of flabelliferan of Joryma and is transferred herein to the latter generic names from anagrams of Caroline and genus. Carolina, the name of our new genus is an ana- gram of Mary Jo, wife of the first author. Gender Joryma sawayah, new species feminine. RELATIONSHIPS.—The inflated anterior coxae FIGURES 14a, 16-18 and especially the mandibular palps will imme- MATERIAL.—From Ilisha indica (Swainson), diately identify Joryma. In Agarna the posterior gills: South of Faylaka, 29 Jul 1976, USNM pereon is much elevated mid-dorsally, and per- 191060, ovigerous 9 21.5, non-ovigerous 9 21.0, eonites 4-7 are greatly expanded laterally; anten- 6* 12.5 (paratypes). Doha, 29 Jul 1976, USNM nae 1 are narrowly separated at their bases, and 191058, ovigerous $ 20.8 (holotype), USNM the mandibular palp is not enlarged. Richardson 191059, non-ovigerous 9 17.7 (paratype); North (1905) made the curious statement that pereonite of platform, 29 Jul 1976, USNM, 191061, oviger- 4 has 2 coxae and 2 pereopods and pereonite 7 ous 9 22.3, d* 13.3 (paratypes), USNM 191057, has no appendages. This statement is erroneous; ovigerous 9 22.3, 6* 13.4 (paratypes). "Gord of pereonites 4 and 7 each have 1 pair of coxa and Oha," WL, 22 Jan 1978, ovigerous 9 21.8. From 1 pair of pereopods, although overlapping of Therapon puta (Cuvier and Valenciennes): WL, coxae and lateral pereonite expansions tends to ovigerous 9 19.0. obscure the arrangement. Pillai (1954) described ETYMOLOGY.—"Sawayah" is the local name Agama tartoor as lacking coxa 7, and in 1964 he and the host fish, Ilisha indica. stated that coxa 7 was absent and pereonite 4 DESCRIPTION.—Body slightly asymmetrical, had 2 coxae. curving slightly to one side, flattened dorsoven- Despite our respect for the quality of Pillai's trally. Head pyriform, posterior part covered by 22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 16.—Joryma sawayah, new species (a, b,j, k, I = 20.8 mm 9 holotype from Ilisha indica; c — 12.5 mm 6 paratype from Ilisha indica; d, h = 21.8 mm 9 from Ilisha indica; e, g = 22.3 mm 9 paratype from Ilisha indica;/, i = 19 mm 9 from Therapon puta): a, habitus, dorsal; b, habitus, lateral; c-f, head and pereonite 1, dorsal; g-i, pleon and telson, dorsal;^, antenna 1; k, antenna 2; /, mandible. NUMBER 382 23

FIGURE 17.—Joryma sawayah, new species 20.8 mm 9 hoiotype from Ilisha indica: a, labrum, dorsal; b, labrum, ventral; c, maxilla 1; d, maxilla 2; e, maxilliped; f-h, pereopods 1-3; i-m, pleopods 1-5; «, uropod. 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 18.—Joryma sawayah, new species, 13.3 mm 6 from Ilisha indica: a, pleopod 2. Catoessa gruneri, new species (b = 15.0 mm transitional $ from Leiognathus fasaatus; c = 6.3 mm 6 from unknown host): b, pleon and telson, dorsal, c, pleopod 2.

TABLE 2.—Comparison of species of Joryma

Pleonite 1 Species Head lateral expansion Telson J. sawayah exposed dorsally, bilateral, distinctly triangular not reaching mar- bilobed gin of pereonite 1 expansion J. engraulidis exposed dorsally, unilateral, not broadly rounded exceeding pereo- bilobed nite 1 expansion - J. tartoor covered dorsally bilateral, slightly acutely triangular by pereonite 1 bilobed J. brachysoma exposed dorsally, bilateral, slightly round-triangular not reaching bilobed pereonite 1 expansion pereonite 1, anteriorly not reflexed but produced ite 1. Coxa 3 inflated, shorter than lateral margin into short shelf in front of antenna 1. Eyes mod- of pereonite 3. Coxae 4-7 occupying anterior erately well developed, but usually covered by halves of pereonite margins; anterior halves of pereonite 1 and not visible dorsally. Pereonite 1 pereonites 4-7 overlapped laterally by preceding produced on each side into inflated bilobed proc- pereonites, giving impression that coxa belongs to ess reaching well beyond anterior margin of head. pereonite anterior to its own. Posterolateral parts Coxa 2 much enlarged and inflated, produced of pereonites somewhat inflated. Anterior 1, 2, or anteriorly into lobe underlying process of pereon- 3 pleonites overlapped laterally by pereonite 7. NUMBER 382 25

Pleonites as wide as pereon, all subequal in width nominal species are rare, and the limits of vari- and length, rather short, lateral parts curving ability within the species are poorly known. posteriorly. Telson a little wider than long, sub- Changes in body proportion associated with sex- triangular, with distinct caudomedial lobe. ual maturation further complicate the picture. Antennae 1 well separated at base, rather short, Since neither Kuwait specimen is fully differen- reaching midlength of eye, 8-segmented. Antenna tiated, identification to species with confidence is 2 slightly longer and distinctly thicker than an- not possible now. When revisionary studies im- tenna 1, 8-segmented. prove our knowledge of the taxonomy of Mothocya, Mandible with very thick palps forming lateral we hope the illustrations given herein (Figure 19) boundaries to other mouthparts, no segmentation will aid in specific identification of the Kuwait evident in palps. Maxilla 1 with 4 strong apical specimens. spines. Maxilla 2 inner and outer lobes with minute scales, each with 2 spines. Maxilliped with Cymothoa Fabricius, 1793 7 spines on apical segment. Pereopods rather short, bases not expanded. Cymothoa eremita? (Brunnich, 1783) Pereopods 1-3 subequal; pereopods 4-7 subequal, longer than pereopods 1-3. FIGURE 20 Peduncles of pleopods without retinacula, ex- Oniscus eremita Brunnich, 1783:319-325. panded laterally into rounded lobes. Exopods of Cymothoa eremita.—Trilles, 1975:987-989 [synonymy, distri- pleopods 3-5 with proximolateral triangular bution, hosts]. lobes. Appendix masculina of 6* pleopod 2 shorter MATERIAL.—From Pampus argenteus (Euphra- than endopod, nearly straight, tapering gradually sen): 28 Feb 1979, USNM 191043, 9 with empty to narrowly rounded apex. marsupium, 39. From Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier: Uropods much shorter than telson; rami longer Doha, Mar 1977, USNM 191045, 9 without oos- than peduncle, pyriform, exopod longer than en- tegites, 22. dopod. DISCUSSION.—Several nominal species of Cymo- COMPARISONS.—The most obvious differences thoa, characterized by large size, nearly quadrate between J. sawayah and the other species assigned head, moderately wide amphicephalic processes to Joryma are given in Table 2. of pereonite 1, and relatively short and wide telson, cannot be distinguished from one another Mothocya Costa, 1851 at present with confidence. These species include Cymothoa eremita Brunnich, 1783; C. stromatei Mothocya species Bleeker, 1857; C. borbonica Schioedte and Meinert, 1884; C. eximia Schioedte and Meinert, 1884; and FIGURE 19 C. truncata Schioedte and Meinert, 1884. Cymothoa MATERIAL.—From gill chamber of Strongylura pulchrum Lanchester, 1902, is similar to the above strongylura (van Hasselt): SG, 6 Oct 1981, imma- species, but appears to be distinguishable by the ture 9 18.5 mm, 6* 13.7 mm. broader amphicephalic processes. The Kuwait Monod (1971) showed convincingly that the specimens are provisionally assigned to the oldest supposed differences between Mothocya Costa, of the above species. The validity of the other 1851, and Irona Schioedte and Meinert, 1884, species listed above must be considered question- cannot be substantiated. Hence we consider Irona able until revisionary studies based on adequate a junior synonym of Mothocya. material can be carried out. Details of their mor- The difficulty in assigning specimens of Moth- phology are poorly known or unknown, and a ocya to a species has been pointed out by Monod detailed description of the Kuwait specimen (1971, 1976). Clear-cut distinctions among the 10 would contribute little in support of our provi- 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURE 19.—Mothocya species from Strongylura strongylura (a-p = 18.5 mm $; q-r, 13.7 mm <3): a, habitus, dorsal; b, habitus, lateral; c, head and pereonite 1, dorsal; d, pleon and telson, dorsal; e-k, pereopods 1-7; /-/>, pleopods 1-5; q, pleon and telson, dorsal; r, pleopod 2. NUMBER 382 27

FIGURE 20.—Cymolhoa eremita? (a-e = 39 mm 9 from Pampus argenteus;f-j, 22 mm 9 from Sphyraena obtusata): a, habitus, dorsal; b, head and pereopod 1, ventral; c, pereopod 2; d, pereopod 4; e, pereopod 7;/, habitus, dorsal; g, pereon, lateral; A, antennae 1 and 2; i, pereopod l;j, pereopod 7. sional identification, hence our account is limited (1975) synonymy, this species ranges from Japan to a few illustrations of salient features. As in through the Pescadores, the Philippines and In- Schioedte and Meinert's (1884) specimens, the donesia to the Cape York Peninsula, Australia, amphicephalic processes are relatively larger in and east to the Society Islands. To the west it has the larger specimen. been reported from Singapore, Malaysia and DISTRIBUTION.—Cymothoa eremita is very widely Bangkok, Ceylon, the Indian Peninsula from distributed in the Indo-Pacific. Accepting Trilles' Madras to Bombay, Mauritius, the Seychelles, 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY and the Red Sea. If C. recta Dana (1853) is a from Indo-Pacific waters. However, a recent synonym, as has been reported, the range is ex- study by Williams and Williams (1981), demon- tended to Hawaii. It has not been reported pre- strating that what had been thought to be a single viously from the Arabian Gulf. species of Anilocra was actually at least 9 species, HOSTS.—The list of recorded hosts given by suggests that there must be many Indo-Pacific Trilles (1975) includes 10 species in 6 genera. species of Cymothoidae yet to be discovered, some Neither Pampus argenteus nor Sphyraena obtusata has of them incorrectly identified as described species. been reported as a host for C. eremita, but 7 of the The Arabian Gulf is so shallow (average depth Philippine specimens of Richardson (1910) 35 m) that any exchange of water between it and were accompanied by a label reading, "Parasitic the adjacent Indian Ocean through the narrow in mouths (gill chamber?) of a barracuda-like (100 km) Strait of Hormuz is modest (Sverdrup, fish." Johnson, and Fleming, 1946). Nevertheless, the Arabian Gulf has no endemic species of fishes (Blegvad, 1944), and we predict that the new Discussion cymothoids described herein will be found in the Indian Ocean proper as well as in the Arabian It may seem surprising that 6 of the 9 species Gulf. The Arabian Gulf was completely emptied of Cymothoidae from Kuwait have not been several times during the Pleistocene (Kassler, previously described, considering that about 135 1973), and there has not been sufficient time for nominal species of this family have been reported it to develop endemic species. Literature Cited

Ahmed, Mahmoud M. Tanaidacea and Isopoda of Tale Sap. Records of the 1970a. New Isopoda (Flabellifera) from Iraq and Arabian Indian Museum, 28(3): 173-185. Gulf, III: Ichthyoxenus asymmetrica sp. nov. Bulletin Costa, Achille of the Iraq Natural History Museum (University of 1851. Caratteri di alcuni de'generi e specie nuove segnete Baghad), 4(3):33-36. nel presente catalogo. In F.W. Hope, Catalogo dei 1970b. New Isopoda (Flabellifera) from Iraq and Arabian crostacei italiani e di molto altri del Mediterraneo, pages Gulf, IV: Nerocila heterozota sp. nov. Bulletin of the 41-48. Naples. Iraq Natural History Museum (University of Baghdad), Dana, James D. 4(3):55-58. 1853. Crustacea, Part 2. United States Exploring Expedition Barnard, K.H. during the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under 1925. Contributions to the Crustacean Fauna of South the Command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., 13:685-1618. Africa, 9: Further Additions to the List of Isopoda. Atlas (1855), pages 1-27, plates 1-96. Philadel- Annals of the South African Museum, 20(l):381-412. phia. 1936. Isopods Collected by the R.I.M.S. "Investigator." Gerstaecker, Adolf Records of the Indian Museum, 38(2): 147-191. 1882. Isopoda: Wood Lice [part]. In H.G. Bronn, editor, Belon, Pierre Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs .. ., volume 5 (Arthropoda), part 2, fascicles 4-8, pages 97- 1553. De Aquatilibus, libri duo: Cum conibus ad viuam effigiem, 278, plates 9-22. quoad eius fieri potuit, expressis. 448 pages. Paris. Bleeker, Pieter Hale, Herbert M. 1940. Report on the Cymothoid Isopoda Obtained by 1857. Recherches sur les Crustaces de PInde Archipela- the F.I.S. "Endeavour" on the Coasts of the gique, II: Sur les isopodes cymathoadiens de Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tas- l'Archipel Indien. Verhandelingen Natuurkunde Ver- mania, and South Australia. Transactions of the eeniging Nederlandsch-Indie, 2(5):2O-4O, plates 1, 2. Royal Society of South Australia, 64(2): 283-304, plate Blegvad, H. 18. 1944. Fishes of the Iranian Gulf. In K. Jessen and R. Kassler, P. Sparck, editors, Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, 1973. The Structural and Geomorphic Evolution of the 3:1-247. Copenhagen. Persian Gulf. In B.H. Purser, editor, The Persian Bowman, Thomas E. Gulf, Holocene Carbonate Sedimentation and Diagenesis 1978. Restoration of the Subgenus Emphylia Koelbel for in a Shallow Epicontinental Sea, pages 11-32. New the Parasitic Isopod Nerocila sundaica Bleeker (Fla- York: Springer-Verlag. bellifera: Cymothoidae). Crustaceana, 34(l):33-44. Kensley, Brian Bruce, Niel L. 1978. Guide to the Marine Isopods of Southern Africa. 173 1982. On a Small Collection of Marine Isopoda (Crus- pages. Cape Town: South Africa Museum. tacea) from Hong Kong. In B.S. Morton and C.K. Koelbel, Karl Tseng, editors, Proceedings of the First International 1879. Uber einige neue Cymothoiden. Sitzungsberichte der Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Mathematisch-NatuTwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kais- Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, pages 315- erlichen Akademie der WissenschafUn, 78(l):401-416, 324. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. plates 1, 2. Briinnich, Th. Miers, Edward J. 1783. Den barbugede Pampelfish (Coryphaena apus) en 1880. On a Collection of Crustacea from the Malaysian nye Art, og dens Giaest, Strukketrolden (Oniscus Region, Part IV: Penaeidea, Stomatopoda, Iso- eremitd) en Opdagelse af Dr. Konig paa Madrass. poda, Suctoria, and Xiphosura. Annals and Maga- Nye Samling af del Kongelige Danske Videnskabersnes zine of Natural History, series 5, 5(29):457-472, plate Selskabs Skrifler, 2:319-325. 15. Chilton, Charles Monod, Theodore 1926. Zoological Results of a Tour in the Far East: The 1934. Isopodes marins des campagnes du "de Lanessan."

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