Biotemas, 31 (1): 41-44, março de 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2018v31n1p4141 ISSNe 2175-7925 Short Communication
Nerocila sp. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitizing Mugil liza (Teleostei: Mugilidae) in São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Juliano Santos Gueretz 1 Lucas Cardoso 2 Maurício Laterça Martins 2 Antonio Pereira de Souza 1
1 Instituto Federal Catarinense, Campus Araquari Rodovia BR 280, km 27, CEP 89.245-000 Araquari – SC, Brasil 2 Laboratório AQUOS – Sanidade de Organismos Aquáticos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis – SC, Brasil * Autor para correspondência [email protected]
Submetido em 04/08/2017 Aceito para publicação em 21/11/2017
Resumo Nerocila sp. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasite of Mugil liza (Teleostei: Mugilidae) capturado em São Francisco do Sul, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Isópodes da família Cymothoidae são ectoparasitos de peixes, com baixa especificidade de hospedeiros, comumente encontrados fixados nas brânquias, boca, cavidade opercular, narinas e tegumento de ampla variedade de hospedeiros. Os danos causados são variáveis em função do grau de parasitismo e do sítio de infestação e podem provocar desconforto respiratório nos hospedeiros. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a ocorrência do isópode Nerocila sp. Leach, 1818 parasitando Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836, capturada na Baía da Babitonga, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Uma fêmea de 24 mm de comprimento e 11 mm de largura contendo ovos de 1.18 ± 0.08 x 1.03 ± 0.06 mm, foi encontrada na nadadeira peitoral de M. liza. Palavras-chave: Baía da Babitonga; Crustáceo; Parasito; Tainha
Abstract Isopods from the family Cymothoidae are fish ectoparasites displaying low host specificity found commonly attached to the gills, mouth, opercular cavity, nostrils and body surface of several host species. Damage can vary according to the degree of parasitism and the infestation site and may provoke respiratory discomfort in hosts. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of a Nerocila sp. Leach, 1818 isopod parasitizing Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 captured in the Babitonga Bay, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The female parasite specimen was recovered from the pectoral fin ofM. liza and was 24 mm in length and 11 mm in width, and the mean egg size was 1.18 ± 0.08 x 1.03 ± 0.06 mm. Key words: Babitonga Bay; Crustacean; Mullet; Parasite
Revista Biotemas, 31 (1), março de 2018 42 J. S. Gueretz et al.
The Isopoda are dorsoventrally flattened crustaceans reproductive migrations (SECKENDORFF; AZEVEDO, inhabiting both marine and freshwater environments 2007; MENEZES et al., 2010). (RAMESHKUMAR et al., 2016). Some isopod species Bruce (1987), Ramdane et al. (2007), Öktener et play important roles in food webs by participating in al. (2010), Kayiş and Ceylan (2011), Al-Zubaidy and the decomposition of material in natural or altered Mhaisen (2013), Mahmoud et al. (2016), describe environments (ESPINOSA-PÉREZ; HENDRICKX, the occurrence of Nerocila in mugilids, but they do 2001; WILSON, 2008). Other species may act as not mention M. liza as hosts. In this study we report ectoparasites of fish, usually parasitizing the gills, the occurrence of the isopod Nerocila sp. parasitizing mouth, opercular cavity, nostrils and body surface specimen of M. liza captured in Babitonga Bay, Santa of hosts (BOWMAN; TAREEN, 1983; CHARFI- Catarina, Brazil. CHEIKHROUHA et al., 2000; RAMDANE et al., 2007). One male mullet specimen measuring 41 cm in total Nerocila spp. can be highlighted as one of the length, 38.4 cm standard length and with a weight of 983 species from Cymothoidae (Leach, 1818) and is g was captured in March 2016 by a fisherman using a among the parasitic isopods (BRUSCA et al., 2001). net in Babitonga Bay (26°12’50.0”S, 48°39’00.2”W) in They possess prehensile pereopods through their the São Francisco do Sul municipality, Santa Catarina powerful curved claws and highly modified buccal State, Brazil. The parasite was found attached to the parts that help them to remain attached to their hosts right pectoral fin of the fish (Figure 1) and was removed (THATCHER, 2006). They are also temporary and and placed in alcohol 70 for posterior identification obligatory parasites and display low host specificity according to Bruce (1987), Trilles (1975) and Brusca (ESPINOSA-PÉREZ; HENDRICKX, 2001; SMIT et (1981). The host was identified according toMenezes et al., 2014). The Cymothoidae life cycle is protandric al. (2010; 2015). and monoxenic (involving just one host) with direct transmission and sexual dimorphism (LEONARDOS; The female isopod measured 24 mm long and 11 TRILLES, 2003; HIRANO et al., 2006); they are blood- mm wide and was identified as Nerocila sp. (Figure 2) feeding organisms, but can also feed on body surface harboring 1.18 ± 0.08 x 1.03 ± 0.06 mm sized eggs. mucus as well as epithelial and subcutaneous host tissues As the present report, Nerocila sp. has been (RAMDANE et al., 2007). reported parasitizing various teleost fish from Australia, Host damage can vary according to the degree of New Zeland, Red Sea, France, Mediterranean Sea, parasitism and infestation site and ranges from light to Atlantic and North Ocean (BOWMAN; TAREEN, severe damage with hemorrhage and tissue destruction. 1983; ÖKTENER et al., 2010; ABDEL-LATIF, 2016; In general, severe damage can result in secondary YOUNES et al., 2016). Nerocila spp. have also been infections. One of the main problems associated with reported in Chondrichthyes fish, including sharks parasitism is the repugnant appearance of infested fish, (MOREIRA; SADOWSKY, 1978). In Brazil, Nerocila because parasites can be seen by the naked eye; this can fluviatilis Schiödte and Meinert, 1881 was reported by cause significant economic losses to fisheries (EIRAS, Sartor (1986) on the continental shelf of the state of 2004; LIMA et al., 2013; EIRAS; CASTRO, 2016). Rio Grande do Sul, and Nerocila armata Dana, 1853 was reported in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro The mullet Mugil liza is a widely distributed species and Rio Grande do Sul (PIRES-VANIN, 1998; EIRAS; and an important fisheries resource. They are traditionally CASTRO, 2016). On the other hand, N. armata has exploited by inshore fishing and have been incorporated been reported in the gill chamber and mouth of Cichla into various cultural events. Their bodies are elongated ocellaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Crenicichla and fusiform, and notable morphological characteristics saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch, include the display of dark longitudinal striae alternating 1794), Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815), Micropogonias with white striae. They are detritivorous, pelagic furnieri (Desmarest 1823), Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, and catadromous fish that form large schools during
Revista Biotemas, 31 (1), março de 2018 4 4 95 was reported by Sartor (1986) on the continental shelf of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and 9695 Nerocilawas reported armata by Dana, Sartor 1853 (1986) was on reported the continental in the states shelf of of São the Paulo,state of Rio Rio de Grande Janeiro do and Sul, Rio and 9796 GrandeNerocila do armataSul (PIRES Dana,- VANIN,1853 was 1998; reported EIRAS; in the CASTRO, states of São 2016). Paulo, On Rio the de other Janeiro hand, and N.Rio 9897 armataGrande has do beenSul (PIRESreported-VANIN, in the gill1998; chamber EIRAS; and CASTRO, mouth of 2016). Cichla On ocellaris the other (Bloch hand, & N. 9998 Schneider,armata has 1801), been Crenicichla reported insaxa thetilis gill (Linnaeus, chamber 1758),and mouth Leporinus of Cichla fasciatus ocellaris (Bloch, (Bloch 1794), & 10099 MustelusSchneider, canis 1801), (Mitchill, Crenicichla 1815), saxaMicropogoniastilis (Linnaeus, furnieri 1758), (Desmarest Leporinus 1823), fasciatus Pogonias (Bloch, cromis 1794), 101100 (Linnaeus,Mustelus 1766)canis (Mitchill,and Pseudauchenipterus 1815), Micropogonias nodosus furnieri (Bloch, (Desmarest 1794) from 1823), Rio dePogonias Janeiro, cromis Rio 102101 Grande(Linnaeus, do Sul 1766) and Sãando PauloPseudauchenipterus (LUQUE et al., nodosus 2013); (Bloch,however, 1794) this speciesfrom Rio not de has Janeiro, not been Rio 103102 reportedGrande on do M. Sul liza and until Sã othe Paulo present (LUQUE study. et al., 2013); however, this species not has not been 104103 reported on M. liza until the present study. Nerocila sp. parasite of Mugil liza 43 105104 FIGURE 1: Nerocila sp. parasitizing the fin of Mugil liza (Valenciennes, 1836). 105 FIGUREFIGURE 1: Nerocila 1: Nerocila sp. parasitizing sp. parasitizing the the fin fi nof of Mugil liza liza (Valenciennes, (Valenciennes 1836)., 1836).
106 107106 108107 FIGURE 2: Female Nerocila sp. (Leach, 1818) parasite specimen on Mugil liza (Valenciennes,1836) FIGURE 2: Female Nerocila sp. (Leach, 1818) parasite specimen on Mugil liza (Valenciennes,1836) (A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; 109108 FIGUREC – uropod;2:(A Female – dorsal D – eggs). Nerocila view; B sp. – ventral (Leach, view; 1818) C –parasite uropod; speci D –men eggs). on Mugil liza (Valenciennes,1836) 109 (A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – uropod; D – eggs).
110 111110 111 1766) and Pseudauchenipterus nodosus (Bloch, 1794) Acknowledgements from Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo (LUQUE et al., 2013); however, this species has not been The authors thank the Brazilian National Council reported on M. liza until the present study. for Scientifi c and Technological Development (CNPq 305869/2014-0) for the grant to M. L. Martins. Using subaquatic pictures, Öktener et al. (2010) studied Nerocila parasites in mugilid fi sh from the Aegean and Black Seas. According to Bruce (1987), References Al-Zubaidy and Mhaisen (2013) and Ramdane et al. ABDEL-LATIF, H. M. R. Cymothoid parasite, Nerocila orbigni (2007), Nerocila occurs mostly in Mugilidae fi sh, which [sic] infl icts great losses on Tilapia ziilli in Lake Qarun at El- corroborates results from the current study on the mullet Fayoum Province. International Journal of Innovative Studies M. liza. in Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, Ongole, v. 2, n. 3, p. 1-9, 2016. AL-ZUBAIDY, A. B.; MHAISEN, F. T. The fi rst record of three This is the fi rst report of Nerocila sp. on a mullet cymothoid isopods from Red Sea fi shes, Yemeni Coastal Waters. from southern Brazil. Additional studies are needed to International Journal of Marine Science, Richmond, v. 3, n. 21, p. 166-172, 2013. elucidate the patterns of parasitism by these isopods on BOWMAN, T. E.; TAREEN I. U. Cymothoidae from fi shes M. liza and other mullets, mainly for evaluating their of Kuwait (Arabian Gulf) (Crustacea: Isopoda). Smithsonian potential to cause economic damage. Contributions to Zoology, Washington, v. 382, p. 1-30, 1983. BRUCE, N. L. Australian species of Nerocila Leach, 1818, and
Revista Biotemas, 31 (1), março de 2018 44 J. S. Gueretz et al.
Creniola n.gen. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae), crustacean parasites of MENEZES, N. A.; OLIVEIRA, C.; NIRCHIO, M. An old marine fishes. Records of the Australian Museum, Sidney, v. 39, taxonomic dilemma: the identity of the western south Atlantic n. 6, p. 355-412, 1987. lebranche mullet (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae). Zootaxa, BRUSCA, R. C. A monograph on the Isopoda Cymothoidae Auckland, v. 2519, p. 59-68, 2010. (Crustacea) of the eastern Pacific. Zoological Journal of the MOREIRA, P. S.; SADOSWSKY, V. An annotated bibliography Linnean Society, London, v. 73, p. 117-199, 1981. of parasitic Isopoda (Crustacea) of Chondrichthyes. Boletim do BRUSCA, R. C.; COELHO, V.; TAITI, S. A guide to the coastal Instituto Oceanográfico, São Paulo, v. 27, n. 2, p. 95-152, 1978. isopods of California. Tree of Life Web Project. 2001. Disponível ÖKTENER, A.; TORCU-KOÇ, H.; ERDOĞAN, Z.; TRILLES, em:
Revista Biotemas, 31 (1), março de 2018