USDA Forest Service December 1996 General Technical Report RM-GTR-289

Effects of Fire on Madrean Province Ecosystems A symposium proceedings

SUB Gottingen 7 206 479 336

Technical Coordinators: Peter F. FfoMiott1 Leonard F. DeBano1, Malchus B. Baker, Jr.2, Gerald J. Gottfried2, Gilberto Solis-Garza3, Carleton B. Edminster2, Daniel G. Neary2, Larry S. Allen4, and R.H. Hamre2 V Sponsors:

University of

University of

The Wildlife Society

USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Southwestern Region

' University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 2 Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Flagstaff, AZ and Fort Collins, CO 3 University of Sonora, , Mexico 4Coronado National Forest, Tucson, AZ Contents

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KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS

Fire management and research needs: Some perspectives in the Madrean Province 1 Peter F. Ffolliott Ecological role of fire in the Madrean Province 5 Larry S. Allen The role of fire in the Southwestern Borderlands Ecosystem Research Program 11 Carleton B. Edminster Fire histories of montane forests in the Madrean Borderlands 15 Thomas W. Swetnam and Christopher H. Baisan

SOCIO-POLITICAL PERSPECTIVES

Human desires and fears in ecologically rational wildland fire management 37 Terry C. Daniel, Michael Meitner, and Edward Weidemann Management of fire, laws and regulations: Walking the picket fence 43 William L Russell, Jr. Forest fires and their social and economic impacts 49 Reynaldo Valenzuela Ruiz

EFFECTS OF FIRE AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS

Effects of fire on montane forest ecosystems 55 Malcolm J. Zwolinski Fire effects on Sonoran grasslands 64 Dan Robinett and Steve Barker Effects of fire on riparian systems 69 Leonard F. DeBano and Daniel G. Neary Fire severity effects on water resources 77 Leonard F. DeBano, Peter F. Ffolliott, and Malchus B. Baker, Jr. Effects of climate, fire, land-use history, and structural development on forest communities 85 Jose Villanueva-Diaz and Guy R. McPherson The role of fire in Madrean encinal oak and pinyon-juniper woodland development 99 William H. Kruse, Gerald J. Gottfried, Duane A. Bennett, and Humberto Mata-Manqueros Nutrients in fire-dominated ecosystems 107 D.G. Neary, S.A. Overby, G.J. Gottfried, and H.M. Perry The effects of fire on interpretations of the past 118 Patricia M. Spoerl Modeling human impacts to the Borderlands environment from a fire ecology perspective 125 Suzanne K. Fish Fire effects on aquatic habitats and biota in Madrean-type ecosystems: Southwestern United States 135 John N. Rinne and Daniel G. Neary Contents—Cont'd.

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EFFECTS OF FIRE AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS—Cont'd.

Effects of fire on birds in Madrean forests and woodlands 146 Joseph L. Ganey, William M. Block, and Paul F. Boucher Faunistic diversity in four mountain ranges in northeast Sonora, Mexico: Field notes 155 Mario Cirett-Galan Desert Bighorn sheep and fire, Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona 162 Paul R. Krausman, George Long, and Luis Tarango Fire effects on Spittlebug populations on Buffelgrass pastures in the Sonoran Desert 169 Martha Martin-R, F. Ibarra-F, Jerry R. Cox, D.G. Alston, and G.A. Rasmussen

FIRE MANAGEMENT

Fire and the Malpai Borderlands Group: One rancher's perspective ... 175 Bill McDonald Prescribed burning in Southwestern ponderosa pine 178 Stephen S. Sackett, Sally M. Haase, and Michael G. Harrington Fuel loadings in Southwestern ecosystems of the United States 187 Stephen S. Sackett and Sally M. Haase Prescribed fire in the pine forests of Northwestern 193 Hector E. Alanis-Morales The effect of prescribed burning to control brush species on Buffelgrass pastures in Sonora, Mexico 195 Fernando Ibarra-F, M. Martin-R., J.R. Cox, and H. Miranda-Z Clean air and healthy ecosystems: Managing emissions from fires .... 205 Deborah Ulinski Potter and Douglas G. Fox Use of fire in the future: Benefits, concerns, and constraints 217 Peter F. Ffolliott, Laura Arriaga Cabrera, and Carmen Mercado Guido

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

The let-burn policy: Implications in the Madrean Province of the Southwestern United States 223 Brian Czech and Peter F. Ffolliott Initial assessment of fire-damaged mesquite trees following an illegal burn 226 Leonard F. DeBano, Gerald J. Gottfried, Jose Villanueva-Diaz, Peter F. Ffolliott, and Diego Valdez-Zamudio Properties of forest soils on mountains of , USA and Sonora, Mexico 229 Jose Villanueva-Diaz and Guy R. McPherson Peak fire of 1988: Its effect on Madrean oak trees 235 Peter F. Ffolliott and Duane A. Bennett

IV Contents—Cont'd.

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POSTER PRESENTATIONS—Cont'd.

Fire history and the possible role of Apache-set fires in the Chiricahua Mountains of Southeastern Arizona 238 Mariette T. Seklecki, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, and Thomas W. Swetnam Postfire Saguaro injury in Arizona's Sonoran Desert 247 Ruth C. Wilson, Marcia G. Narog, Bonni M. Corcoran, and Andrea L. Koonce Fire history of the Gallery pine-oak forests and adjacent grasslands of the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona 253 Mark Kaib, Christopher H. Baisan, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, and Thomas W. Swetnam The influence of fire and land-use history on stand dynamics in the Huachua Mountains of Southeastern Arizona 265 Shelley R. Danzer, Chris H. Baisan, and Thomas W. Swetnam Image processing techniques for automated terrain stratification 271 Michael J. Medler, Mark W. Patterson, and Stephen R. Yool Effects of fire frequency on nutrient budgets of grasslands in Southeastern Arizona 276 Thomas H. Biggs, Robert H. Webb, and Jay Quade