Invisible Crowds in Cyberspace
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Nonprofit Security Grant Program Threat Incident Report
Nonprofit Security Grant Program Threat Incident Report: January 2019 to Present November 15, 2020 (Updated 02/22/2021) Prepared By: Rob Goldberg, Senior Director, Legislative Affairs [email protected] The following is a compilation of recent threat incidents, at home or abroad, targeting Jews and Jewish institutions (and other faith-based organization) that have been reported in the public record. When completing the Threat section of the IJ (Part III. Risk): ▪ First Choice: Describe specific terror (or violent homegrown extremist) incidents, threats, hate crimes, and/or related vandalism, trespass, intimidation, or destruction of property that have targeted its property, membership, or personnel. This may also include a specific event or circumstance that impacted an affiliate or member of the organization’s system or network. ▪ Second Choice: Report on known incidents/threats that have occurred in the community and/or State where the organization is located. ▪ Third Choice: Reference the public record regarding incidents/threats against similar or like institutions at home or abroad. Since there is limited working space in the IJ, the sub-applicant should be selective in choosing appropriate examples to incorporate into the response: events that are most recent, geographically proximate, and closely related to their type or circumstance of their organization or are of such magnitude or breadth that they create a significant existential threat to the Jewish community at large. I. Overview of Recent Federal Risk Assessments of National Significance Summary The following assessments underscore the persistent threat of lethal violence and hate crimes against the Jewish community and other faith- and community-based institutions in the United States. -
Newscache – a High Performance Cache Implementation for Usenet News
THE ADVANCED COMPUTING SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION The following paper was originally published in the Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference Monterey, California, USA, June 6-11, 1999 NewsCache – A High Performance Cache Implementation for Usenet News _ _ _ Thomas Gschwind and Manfred Hauswirth Technische Universität Wien © 1999 by The USENIX Association All Rights Reserved Rights to individual papers remain with the author or the author's employer. Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes. This copyright notice must be included in the reproduced paper. USENIX acknowledges all trademarks herein. For more information about the USENIX Association: Phone: 1 510 528 8649 FAX: 1 510 548 5738 Email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.usenix.org NewsCache – A High Performance Cache Implementation for Usenet News Thomas Gschwind Manfred Hauswirth g ftom,M.Hauswirth @infosys.tuwien.ac.at Distributed Systems Group Technische Universitat¨ Wien Argentinierstraße 8/E1841 A-1040 Wien, Austria, Europe Abstract and thus provided to its clients are defined by the news server’s administrator. Usenet News is reaching its limits as current traffic strains the available infrastructure. News data volume The world-wide set of cooperating news servers makes increases steadily and competition with other Internet up the distribution infrastructure of the News system. services has intensified. Consequently bandwidth re- Articles are distributed among news servers using the quirements are often beyond that provided by typical Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) which is de- links and the processing power needed exceeds a sin- fined in RFC977 [2]. In recent years several exten- gle system’s capabilities. -
Fortran Resources 1
Fortran Resources 1 Ian D Chivers Jane Sleightholme May 7, 2021 1The original basis for this document was Mike Metcalf’s Fortran Information File. The next input came from people on comp-fortran-90. Details of how to subscribe or browse this list can be found in this document. If you have any corrections, additions, suggestions etc to make please contact us and we will endeavor to include your comments in later versions. Thanks to all the people who have contributed. Revision history The most recent version can be found at https://www.fortranplus.co.uk/fortran-information/ and the files section of the comp-fortran-90 list. https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A0=comp-fortran-90 • May 2021. Major update to the Intel entry. Also changes to the editors and IDE section, the graphics section, and the parallel programming section. • October 2020. Added an entry for Nvidia to the compiler section. Nvidia has integrated the PGI compiler suite into their NVIDIA HPC SDK product. Nvidia are also contributing to the LLVM Flang project. Updated the ’Additional Compiler Information’ entry in the compiler section. The Polyhedron benchmarks discuss automatic parallelisation. The fortranplus entry covers the diagnostic capability of the Cray, gfortran, Intel, Nag, Oracle and Nvidia compilers. Updated one entry and removed three others from the software tools section. Added ’Fortran Discourse’ to the e-lists section. We have also made changes to the Latex style sheet. • September 2020. Added a computer arithmetic and IEEE formats section. • June 2020. Updated the compiler entry with details of standard conformance. -
ED381174.Pdf
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 381 174 IR 055 469 AUTHOR Klatt, Edward C.; And Others TITLE Windows to the World: Utah Library Network Internet Training Manual. INSTITUTION Utah State Library, Salt Lake City. PUB DATE Mar 95 NOTE 136p. AVAILABLE FROMWorld Wide Web at http://www.state.lib.ut.us/internet.htm (available electronically) or Utah State Library Division, 2150 S. 3rd W., Suite 16, Salt Lake City, UT 84115-2579 ($10; quantity price, $5). PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Access to Information; *Computer Networks; Computer Software; Electronic Mail; *information Networks; *Information Systems; *Librarians; Online Catalogs; Professional Training; Telecommunications IDENTIFIERS *Internet; Utah ABSTRACT This guide reviews the basic principles of Internet exploration for the novice user, describing various functions and utilizing "onscreen" displays. The introduction explains what the Internet is, and provides historical information. The introduction is followed by a listing of Internet hardware and software (freeware and shareware), both lists including information fo: PC-compatibles and Macintosh computers. Users are introduced to and instructed in the use of the following Internet systems and services: EWAN telnet; OPACS (Online Public Access Catalogs); CARL (Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries; FirstSearch; UMI (University Microfilm Inc.); Deseret News; Pegasus E-Mail; Listservs; WinVN Newsreader; Viewers; Netscape; Mosaic; Gopher; Archie; and FTP (File Transfer Protocol). Over 100 computer screen reproductions help to illustrate the instruction. Contains 16 references and a form for ordering additional copies of this guide are provided. (MAS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. -
Reviving Usenet
Reviving Usenet Required Magic advanced technology ● What is Usenet ● The Rise and Fall of Usenet Agenda ● Back from the Dead? ● Questions to be Answered ● Stories from Usenet What is Usenet? About Me ● Training Engineer at SUSE ● Board Member for B8MB ● Volunteer for Tor Project ● All around nerd What is Usenet? Usenet is a worldwide distributed discussion network. It is the original long-form messaging system that predates the Internet as we know it. How does it work? Users read and send articles (messages) on a News server. That server exchanges articles with other News servers in the network. The collection of servers is known as the Usenet. Benefits of Usenet ● Decentralized ● Owned by no one ● Simplicity ● Resilient ● Anonymous ● Resistant to censorship Organization Usenet is organized into Newsgroups. Each group is generally a topic for discussion for that group. Newsgroups are organized into hierarchies. ● alt.bitcoins is in the alt.* hierarchy ● sci.crypt is in the sci.* hiearchy The Usenet Big-8 comp.* news.* sci.* talk.* misc.* rec.* soc.* humanities.* The Big-8 Management Board ● Creates well-named, well-used newsgroups in the Big-8 Usenet hierarchies ● Makes necessary adjustments to existing groups ● Removes groups that are not well-used ● Assists and encourages the support of a canonical Big-8 newsgroup list by Usenet sites The Rise and Fall of Usenet A Little History... In 1980… There was no Internet The was only the ARPANET and few had access It was commonly accepted at the time that to join the ARPANET took political connections -
A Survey of Collaborative Tools in Software Development
1 INTRODUCTION A Survey of Collaborative Tools in Software Development Anita Sarma Institute for Software Research Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences University of California, Irvine [email protected] ISR Technical Report # UCI-ISR-05-3 March 22, 2005 1 Introduction Collaboration is at the heart of software development. Virtually all software devel- opment requires collaboration among developers within and outside their project teams, to achieve a common objective. It has in fact been shown that about 70% of a software engineer’s time is spent on collaborative activities [219]. Indeed, col- laboration in software development has been studied by researchers in the fields of Software Engineering and Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) since the 1980s and has produced a wide range of collaborative tools. Enabling software developers to collaborate effectively and effortlessly is a difficult task. The collaboration needs of the team depend to a large extent on environmental factors such as, the organizational structure of the team, the domain for which the software is produced, the product structure, and individual team members. Accordingly, research in collaborative development has produced a host of tools, each typically focussing on a different aspect of collaboration. Most teams have their favorite repertoire of tools that has been built from historical use. These tools may not always be the best suited for the team, but the team still uses them nevertheless as the inertia and cost of trying out new tools surpasses the benefits. A number of classification frameworks exist that can be used to classify collaborative tools. In addition to placing the various tools in context, developers can use these frameworks to select the right mix of tools fit for their needs. -
Collaborative Education in a Virtual Learning Environment Hani Bani
Collaborative Education in a Virtual Learning Environment Hani Bani-Salameh Department of Software Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan E-mail: [email protected] Jafar Al-Gharaibeh Architecture Technology Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, United States E-mail: [email protected] Clinton Jeffery Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, USA E-mail: [email protected] Ziad A. Al-Sharif Department of Software Engineering, Jordan University of Sci. & Tech, Irbid, Jordan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: For the last few decades, there was tremendous interest in harnessing 3D virtual environments for education and training. Multi-user game-like environments make use of non-player characters and quest activities in tutoring and training. This approach incorporates successful active learning and incremental progress. This article presents issues encountered while adapting the multi-user online game genre for educational virtual environments. In this endeavour, non-player characters play a central role in organizing and delivering educational content. Educational virtual environments call for additional kinds of extension beyond generic user content creation as delivered in some virtual worlds like SecondLife. Support for these environments will emphasize the creation of new activities. A set of libraries and techniques named Portable Non-player character tutors and Quests reduces the effort needed to develop and integrate educational non-player characters. These non-player characters are introduced in CVE, a platform for rapidly developing educational virtual environments. The Portable Non-player character tutors and Quests framework enables formatted web-based exercises, quizzes, and educational content to be incorporated into Copyright © 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. -
Wdv-Notes Stand: 5.SEP.1995 (13.)336 Das Usenet: Vom FUB-Server Lieferbare News-Gruppen
wdv-notes Stand: 5.SEP.1995 (13.)336 Das UseNET: Vom FUB-Server lieferbare News-Gruppen. Wiss.Datenverarbeitung © 1991–1995 Edited by Karl-Heinz Dittberner FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN Net An der Freien Universität Berlin (FUB) wurde von der Zur Orientierung wird in diesem Merkblatt eine alphabeti- ZEDAT am 24. Februar 1995 ein neuer, wesentlich leistungsfä- sche Übersicht der Bezeichnungen aller aktuell vom News- higer News-Server in Betrieb genommen. Dieser ist mit einer Server der FUB zu allen Wissensgebieten zum Lesen und Posten geeigneten UseNET-Software (News-Reader) im Internet unter abrufbaren News-Gruppen gegeben. der Alias-Bezeichnung News.FU-Berlin.de erreichbar. Dieses ist natürlich nur eine Momentaufnahme, da ständig Aus der großen Vielfalt der im Internet verfügbaren interna- neue Gruppen hinzukommen und einige auch wieder verschwin- tionalen und nationalen News-Gruppen des eigentlichen UseNETs den bzw. gesperrt werden. Festgehalten ist hier auf 16 Seiten der sowie weiteren Foren aus anderen Netzen stellt dieser Server zur Stand vom 5. September 1995. Zeit fast 6.000 Gruppen zur Verfügung. alt.books.sf.melanie-rawn alt.culture.alaska alt.emusic A alt.books.stephen-king alt.culture.argentina alt.energy.renewable alt.1d alt.books.technical alt.culture.beaches alt.english.usage alt.3d alt.books.tom-clancy alt.culture.hawaii alt.engr.explosives alt.abortion.inequity alt.boomerang alt.culture.indonesia alt.etext alt.abuse-recovery alt.brother-jed alt.culture.internet alt.evil alt.abuse.recovery alt.business.import-export alt.culture.karnataka -
The Internet of Garbage
1 The Internet of Garbage © 2015, 2018 by Sarah Jeong Cover and Illustrations by William Joel for The Verge, © 2018 Vox Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The Verge Edition 1.5 August 2018 Published by Vox Media, Inc. www.theverge.com ISBN: 978-0-692-18121-8 2 Table of Contents Preface ............................................... 4 Chapter One: The Internet Is Garbage .................. 6 A Theory of Garbage .......................................... 8 Spam as Garbage .............................................. 9 Chapter Two: On Harassment ........................... 12 Harassment in the News ...................................... 13 About That Media Narrative . ............................ 18 Is Harassment Gendered? ..................................... 20 Intersections of Harassment ................................. 21 On Doxing ................................................... 24 SWATting .................................................... 27 Doxing Women ................................................ 28 Concluding Thoughts on Doxing ............................... 30 A Taxonomy of Harassment .................................... 32 On Modern-Day Social Media Content Moderation ............... 35 What Happens Before: Setting Norms .......................... 38 Chapter Three: Lessons from Copyright Law ............ 40 The Intersection of Copyright and Harassment ................ 41 How the DMCA Taught Us All the Wrong Lessons ................ 44 Turning Hate Crimes into Copyright Crimes ................... 47 Chapter Four: A -
Usenet News HOWTO
Usenet News HOWTO Shuvam Misra (usenet at starcomsoftware dot com) Revision History Revision 2.1 2002−08−20 Revised by: sm New sections on Security and Software History, lots of other small additions and cleanup Revision 2.0 2002−07−30 Revised by: sm Rewritten by new authors at Starcom Software Revision 1.4 1995−11−29 Revised by: vs Original document; authored by Vince Skahan. Usenet News HOWTO Table of Contents 1. What is the Usenet?........................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Discussion groups.............................................................................................................................1 1.2. How it works, loosely speaking........................................................................................................1 1.3. About sizes, volumes, and so on.......................................................................................................2 2. Principles of Operation...................................................................................................................................4 2.1. Newsgroups and articles...................................................................................................................4 2.2. Of readers and servers.......................................................................................................................6 2.3. Newsfeeds.........................................................................................................................................6 -
Adopting a Collaborative Software Development Process in the Scientific Community
Adopting a Collaborative Software Development Process in the Scientific Community NOAA's 32nd Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop (CDPW) Mike Charles DOC/NOAA/NWS/NCEP/CPC Motivation To advocate improved software development and project management techniques, including collaborative software development and the use of project management software. Who does this apply to? • Universities • Government • Private sector • Any software developers From now on, for the sake of brevity, "collaborative work" will include use of project management software. Disadvantages of Non- Collaborative Work Non-Collaborative Work A developer works alone • Work goes unchecked by others • If the owner leaves, nobody knows how the software works • There are no ideas contributed by others during development Non-Collaborative Work A developer doesn't log changes • Hard to revert to a previous version of the code • Can't remember what they did last week • Can't tell why a specific change was made Non-Collaborative Work A developer doesn't create documentation • Hard for others to adopt code • Hard for backup code owners to fix bugs and/or run code • Hard to share code with others Advantages of Collaborative Work Collaborative Work How should developers be working? • Collaboration - Working with others leads to more ideas and creativity, and more QCing of code • Tracking Changes - Using revision control software, tracking changes to code and keeping a log makes it easier to revert to older versions of the code, and keep track of work • Documentation - Creating -
The Design, Implementation and Operation of an Email Pseudonym Server
The Design, Implementation and Operation of an Email Pseudonym Server David Mazieres` and M. Frans Kaashoek MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 545 Technology Square, Cambridge MA 02139 Abstract Attacks on servers that provide anonymity generally fall into two categories: attempts to expose anonymous users and attempts to silence them. Much existing work concentrates on withstanding the former, but the threat of the latter is equally real. One particularly effective attack against anonymous servers is to abuse them and stir up enough trouble that they must shut down. This paper describes the design, implementation, and operation of nym.alias.net, a server providing untraceable email aliases. We enumerate many kinds of abuse the system has weath- ered during two years of operation, and explain the measures we enacted in response. From our experiences, we distill several principles by which one can protect anonymous servers from similar attacks. 1 Introduction Anonymous on-line speech serves many purposes ranging from fighting oppressive government censorship to giving university professors feedback on teaching. Of course, the availability of anonymous speech also leads to many forms of abuse, including harassment, mail bombing and even bulk emailing. Servers providing anonymity are particularly vulnerable to flooding and denial-of-service attacks. Concerns for the privacy of legitimate users make it impractical to keep usage logs. Even with logs, the very design of an anonymous service generally makes it difficult to track down attackers. Worse yet, attempts to block problematic messages with manually-tuned filters can easily evolve into censorship—people unhappy with anonymous users will purposefully abuse a server if by doing so they can get legitimate messages filtered.