Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment
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SUBIMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT GOLDEN GATE NATiONAL RECREATION AREA GULF OF 'THEFARALLONES NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY and POINT REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE JAMES P. DELGADO National Maritime Initiative Division of History Washington, D.C. and STEPHEN A. HALLER Golden Gate National Recreation Area San Francisco, California Prepared for The United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adrniriislratiori Gulf of the Faralfones National hlarine Sanctuary, and The United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service Golden Gate NationaI Recreation Area 1989 SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCES UNIT REPORT AND PUBLICATION SERIES The Submerged Cultural Resources Unit (SCRU) was established in 1980 to conduct research on submerged cultural resources throughout the National Park System with an emphasis on historic shipwrecks. One of the unit’s primary responsibilities is to disseminate the results of research to National Park Service managers, as well as the professional community, in a form that meets resource management needs and adds to our understanding of the resource base. A report series has been initiated in order to fulfill this responsibility. The following are the categories of reports that comprise this series. Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment First line document that consists of a brief literature search, an overview of the maritime history and the known or potential underwater sites in the park, and preliminary recommendations for long-term management. It is designed to have application to GMP/DCP’s and to become a source document for a park’s Submerged Cultural Resources Management Plan. Submerged Cultural Resources Survey Comprehensive examination of blocks of park lands �or the purpose of locating and identifying ;is much of the submerged cultural resources base as possible. A comprehensive literature search would most likely be a part of the Phase 1 report but, in some cases, rnay be postponed until Phase 11. Phase I--Reconnaissance of target areas with remote sensing and visual survey techniques to establish location of any archeological sites or anomalous features that rnay suggest the presence of archeological sites. Phase 11--Evaluation of archeological sites or anomalous features derived from remote sensing instruments to confirm their nature and, if possible, their significance. This may involve exploratory removal of overburden. Submerged Cultural Resources Study A document that discusses, in detail, all known underwater archeological sites in a given park. This may involve test excavations. The intended audience is managerial and professional, not the general public. Submerged Cultural Resources Site Report Exhaustive clocurnentation of one archeological site which may involve a partial or complete site excavation. The intended audience is prin~arilyprofessional and incidentally managerial. Although the document may be useful to a park’s 1 intcrprctive specialists because of its informrrtion contcnt, it would probably not be suitable foc gcnernl dkti~ibutionto park visitors. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCES UNIT REPORT AND PUBLICA'TION SERIES ..................................... j ... TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................... 111 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................. vii ... FOREWORD ............................................ ~111 ACKNOWL.EDGEMENTS .................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................... x INTRODUCTION .......................................... 1 GEOGRAPHICAL CONTEXT Location ............................................... 3 Environmtmt ............................................ 3 HISTORICAL CONTEXTS OF VESSELS WRECKED IN THE PROJECT AREA Introduction ............................................. 7 Maritime Development on the Pacific Coast. 1542-1945 ................7 Maritime rrade Contexts for Vessels Wrecked in the Project Area ........ 10 Observations on the Significance of Vessels Wrecked in the Project Area . 13 SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITKES Historical Research ....................................... 15 Archeological Research: SS Tennessee ........................... 15 Environmmt all y Exp0sed Shipwreck Remn i ns: Rodeo La goon , Nept 11n e. Porno. and Kine, PhitiD/Reuorter ........................... 17 Drakes Bay Remote Sensing Survey. Reconnaissance. and Inventory ....... 20 Ocean Beach Remote-Sensing Survey ........................... 20 Interpretahn ........................................... 21 Co1I ection c; Managernen t .................................... 22 VESSEL LOSSES. POINT SAN PEDRO TO POINT LOBOS Aberdeen. 1916 .......................................... 25 Aimer. 1871 ............................................ 27 Ann Perry. 1865 ......................................... 27 Atlantic. 1886 ........................................... 28 Beeswing. 1863 .......................................... 30 Bessie Evttrding;. 1888 ..................................... 31 Brignardeljo. 1868 ........................................ 32 Cornelius V. Lawrence. 1851 ................................ 34 Drumburtr,n. 1904 ........................................ 36 Dublin. 1882 ........................................... 37 Eliza. 1871 ............................................. 37 Eureka. 1902 ........................................... 38 F. W. Bailsi. 1863 ........................................ 39 Gifford. 1903 ........................................... 41 iii ........... .... .. 1. Sarkic. 1651 .......................................... 41 Jritilcs Rolph. 1913 ....................................... 42 Castncr. 1x59 ....................................... 43 losci, hine Wilcutt, 1872 .................................... 43 -Kiiie l'liilip, 1878 ........................................ 44 Neptune, 1900 .......................................... 46 (lliioan. 1936 ........................................... 48 l'.it~.~lI~l,1687 ........................................... 50 ___Ilclmrtel.. 1902 .......................................... 52 tto1~r.tI-lcl1tlcr-soi~,1850 .................................... 54 IV. .t I. G3WlCY, 1880 ...................................... 55 --x._._I William I.,. I'leel~e.I 1884 .................................... 56 WVlIIiim .l:rcdc[i& 1887 .................................... 57 Yoscmitc, 1926 .......................................... 58 v I..:ss i:, r ., I. oss1:s , I .A NIYS E Nn wIt I< cKS -.Chrolinc.. Aiiicljl. 1850 ..................................... 61 Chx kiy. 192'7 .......................................... 61 m. 1881 ............................................. 63 F~nkI1. IDucl~..1937 ...................................... 65 .-I.. t..~~ik30ilt.s, 187'1 ........................................ 66 C;CO~.~C I.nj!~is, ISSL! ....................................... 68 .I;lva. 1854 ............................................ 68 I.,vin~n A Stcwflrt. 1922 I- . .................................... 69 IJi1n:iincil SCQ-~.1892 ...................................... 70 Schah Jehnn. 1867 ........................................ 70 -TriI'oIicum. 1914 ......................................... 71 Visczira. 1868 ........................................... 71 V.ESSl;l~,LOSS t3, iqOi<T'POINT TO FOR'1' MASON, AN13 ALCh'l'RAZ 1SLAND -Abi!rdccn,.._.____ 1553 .......................................... 75 Chalcau I'alnicr, 1856 ..................................... 76 Citv 01' Cliestci., I886 ...................................... 76 Pit\/ of' 12io clc Jnnciro, I901 ................................. 78 ~;ciivi~;iI. Cushin~. 1x5s ..................................... 80 (;olden t;Icccc. IS54 ...................................... 81 Gi.nn.iila. 1860 .......................................... 83 -IIsxic -- .Icnncs.. 1876 ........................................ 84 Oliver CIutts, 1x68 ........................................ 84 -~Sanioset. 1852 ........................................... 85 S. LIME 1'0lN'r TO 1'0IN'l' 13ON1'.1'A . 1882 ....................................... 87 Liini! i'oint, 167s ........................................ 87 Pnthfitider. 1900 ......................................... 88 VI;SSH. I .owis. POLN'I'I~NI'I'A"I I'ENN.ESSEL POINT City of Ncw Y0r.k. IS93 .................................... 91 ihisv [<ow, 1900 ........................................ 93 Ihi1cin.q Fcnthcr ......................................... 94 IhIl2Iiin. 1890 ........................................... 94 1.h I). (or- Lizzic T.) Ad.iins, 1800 ............................ 95 t-.lll.CI<.l, l9lS ........................................... 95 II. 1. l<utgc~~,IS68 ....................................... 95 3cnnv I.o_!rd. 1864 ........................................ 96 Jcnny I.itid. I858 ........................................ 97 iv Kona. 1979 ............................................ 97 Mersev. 1850 ........................................... 99 Pet. 1888 ............................................. 99 Piedmont. 1855 .......................................... 100 Rescue. 18’74 ........................................... 100 Samson. 1895 ........................................... 101 San Franci.rco. 1853 ....................................... 102 Susanita. 1859 ........................................... 103 Zenobia. 1859 ........................................... 104 VESSEL LOSSES. NORTHERN MARIN COAST Elizabeth. IS91 .......................................... 107 Fourth of ,l&. 1878 .....................................