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Conservación Y Manejo De Recursos Naturales

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Conservación Y Manejo De Recursos Naturales UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE DOCTORADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS OPCIÓN: CONSERVACIÓN Y MANEJO DE RECURSOS NATURALES CRIOCONSERVACIÓN DE SEMILLAS Y PROTOCORMOS DE Laelia autumnalis Lindl. Tesis como requisito para obtener El grado de Doctor en Ciencias en la opción de conservación y manejo de recursos naturales M. C. ULICES IVÁN SANTOS PÉREZ TUTORA: DRA. MARTHA ELENA PEDRAZA SANTOS OCTUBRE 2019 2 ÍNDICE GENERAL Página ÍNDICE GENERAL ............................................................................................................................. i ÍNDICE DE CUADROS DEL CAPÍTULO I ............................................................................................ v ÍNDICE DE CUADROS DEL CAPÍTULO II ........................................................................................... v ÍNDICE DE CUADROS CAPÍTULO III ................................................................................................. v ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ...................................................................................................................... vii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS CAPÍTULO II .................................................................................................. vii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS CAPÍTULO III .................................................................................................viii I. RESUMEN GENERAL .................................................................................................................... 1 II. GENERAL ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 3 III. INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL ......................................................................................................... 5 IV. Hipótesis ................................................................................................................................... 6 V. Objetivo general ........................................................................................................................ 7 Objetivos específicos .............................................................................................................. 7 VI. ESTRATEGIA EXPERIMENTAL .................................................................................................... 8 VI. RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................................. 9 CAPITULO I. ARTÍCULO I: CRIOCONSERVACIÓN DE ORQUÍDEAS ........................................... 9 CHAPTER 1. ARTICLE 1: ORCHIDS CRYO-PRESERVATION ....................................................... 9 Resumen ................................................................................................................................. 9 Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 10 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................ 11 Bancos de semillas ....................................................................................................................... 11 Conservación por crecimiento mínimo ........................................................................................ 12 Crioconservación en orquídeas.................................................................................................... 12 Inmersión directa ......................................................................................................................... 13 Técnicas criogénicas basadas en la deshidratación osmótica y física de los tejidos ................... 15 Crioconservación basada en la vitrificación ................................................................................. 15 Técnica de encapsulación-vitrificación (E-V) ............................................................................... 19 Técnica de gota-vitrificación (Gota-V) ......................................................................................... 20 Técnicas de crioconservación basadas en la deshidratación ....................................................... 21 Técnica de encapsulación-deshidratación ................................................................................... 21 Crío-lámina ................................................................................................................................... 22 i Estabilidad del material crioconservado ...................................................................................... 23 Viabilidad semillas ........................................................................................................................ 24 Desinfección in vitro .................................................................................................................... 25 CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................................................ 26 LITERATURA CITADA .................................................................................................................... 27 CAPITULO II. ARTÍCULO II. EFECTIVIDAD DE MÉTODOS PARA DESINFESTAR SEMILLAS DE Laelia autumnalis PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN EN NITRÓGENO LÍQUIDO ............................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER II. ARTICLE II. EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS TO DISINFECT SEEDS OF Laelia autumnalis FOR CONSERVATION IN LIQUID NITROGEN ......................................... 37 RESUMEN ..................................................................................................................................... 37 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 37 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................................ 39 MÉTODO....................................................................................................................................... 41 Inmersión directa de semillas sin desinfectar (E1). ..................................................................... 41 Desinfestación de semillas antes de la inmersión en nitrógeno líquido (E2). ............................. 41 Desinfestación de semillas después de la inmersión en nitrógeno líquido (E3). ........................ 41 Variables evaluadas...................................................................................................................... 42 Viabilidad de semillas. .................................................................................................................. 42 Germinación in vitro. ................................................................................................................... 43 Análisis estadístico. ...................................................................................................................... 43 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN .......................................................................................................... 45 Inmersión directa de semillas sin desinfestar (E1). ..................................................................... 45 Desinfestación de semillas antes de la inmersión en nitrógeno líquido (E2). ............................. 47 Semillas viables. ........................................................................................................................... 47 Semillas potencialmente viables. ................................................................................................. 49 Semillas no viables. ...................................................................................................................... 49 Germinación in vitro. ................................................................................................................... 50 Desinfestación de semillas después de la inmersión en nitrógeno líquido (E3) ......................... 53 Viabilidad de semillas. .................................................................................................................. 53 Germinación in vitro de semillas. ................................................................................................ 54 CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................................................ 55 LITERATURA CITADA .................................................................................................................... 55 CAPITULO III. ARTÍCULO III: CRIOCONSERVACIÓN DE PROTOCORMOS DE Laelia autumnalis (ENCAPSULACIÓN-DESHIDRATACIÓN, ENCAPSULACIÓN- VITRIFICACIÓN Y V CRÍO-LÁMINA) ..................................................................................... 60 ii CHAPTER III. ARTICLE III. PROTOCORMS CRYOPRESERVATION OF Laelia autumnalis (ENCAPSULATION-DEHYDRATION, ENCAPSULATION-VITRIFICATION AND V CRYO-PLATE) ...................................................................................................................... 60 RESUMEN ..................................................................................................................................... 60 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 61 INTRODUCCIÓN
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