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Socio-Economic Study for the Salloum Marine Protected Area in Egypt

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Socio-Economic Study for the Salloum Marine Protected Area in Egypt SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDY FOR THE SALLOUM MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN EGYPT With the partnership of Legal notice: The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) and UN Environment/Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP) concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of SPA/RAC and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Copyright : All property rights of texts and content of different types of this publication belong to SPA/RAC. Reproduction of these texts and contents, in whole or in part, and in any form, is prohibited without prior written permission from SPA/RAC, except for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. © 2019 - United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Specially Protected Areas Regional Activity Centre (SPA/RAC) Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P. 337 1080 Tunis Cedex - Tunisia [email protected] For bibliographic purposes, this document may be cited as: SPA/RAC - UN Environment/MAP, 2015. Socio-economic study for the Salloum Marine Protected Area in Egypt. By Hanaa El Gohary and Mahmoud Fouad, Environics, Environment and Development Advisors. Ed. SPA/RAC - MedMPAnet Project, Tunis: 58 p + annexes. Layout: Zine el Abidine Mahjoub, www.zinetoon.com & Asma Kheriji, Associate Project Officer - MedMPA Network (SPA/RAC). Cover photo credit: © SPA/RAC, EEAA, Environics. This document has been elaborated within the framework of the Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of Mediterranean MPAs Creation and Management (MedMPAnet Project). The MedMPAnet Project is implemented in the framework of the UNEP/MAP-GEF MedPartnership, with the financial support of EC, AECID and FFEM. This document was printed in the framework of the regional project «Towards an ecologically representative and efficiently managed network of Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas» (MedMPA Network project), financially supported by the European Union. For more information: www.unepmap.org www.spa-rac.org Socio-economic Study for the Salloum Marine Protected Area in Egypt Regional Project for the Development of a Mediterranean Marine and Coastal Protected Areas (MPAs) Network through the boosting of MPA creation and management Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (SPA/RAC) Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat B.P. 337 1080 Tunis Cedex - Tunisia In charge of the study • Souha EL ASMI, MedMPAnet Project, SPA/RAC • Atef LIMAM, MedMPAnet Project, SPA/RAC • Mohamed Said AbdElWarith, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (Egypt) • Mohamed Besar, Manager of Salloum MPA (Egypt) Responsible of the study at Environics • Hanaa El Gohary, Social Expert, Environics, Environment and Development Advisors (Egypt) • Mahmoud Fouad, Marine Ecologist and Nature Conservation Consultant, Environics, Environment and Development Advisors (Egypt) With the great contribution of • Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (Egypt) • General Authority for Fish Resources Development (Egypt) • Council of Salloum City (Egypt) 2 CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................ 9 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 13 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................................................................. 15 3. MeTHODOLOGY AND APPROACH .................................................................................................................. 19 3.1. Secondary data sources .............................................................................................................................. 19 3.2. Primary data sources .................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1. Site visits and field observations ............................................................................................................. 20 3.2.2. Photography ............................................................................................................................................. 21 3.2.3. Key Informant Interviews ......................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.4. Focus Group Discussions ........................................................................................................................ 22 3.3. Qualitative data analysis ............................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.1. Notes of meetings and interviews ........................................................................................................... 22 3.3.2. Writing up discussions ............................................................................................................................. 22 3.3.3. Analysing qualitative content ................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.4. Coding ...................................................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.5. Filing ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 3.3.6. Using quotations ...................................................................................................................................... 22 4. MARSA MATROUH GOVERNORATE ................................................................................................................ 25 4.1. The local context .......................................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. Population composition in Marsa Matrouh ................................................................................................... 27 4.3. Salloum City .................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.4. Salloum MPA ................................................................................................................................................ 30 5. LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................. 33 5.1. National legislation ....................................................................................................................................... 33 5.2. International agreements .............................................................................................................................. 33 6. LOCAL LIVELIHOODS AND LAND-BASED ACTIVITIes ................................................................................... 35 6.1. Fisheries ....................................................................................................................................................... 35 6.1.1. Fishing boats and equipment ................................................................................................................... 36 6.1.2. Fishing effort............................................................................................................................................ 37 6.1.3. Fishing challenges ................................................................................................................................... 39 6.2. Migrant birds hunting .................................................................................................................................... 39 6.2.1. Hunting methods and equipment ............................................................................................................. 39 6.2.2. Hunting areas and effort .......................................................................................................................... 40 6.2.3. Hunting challenges .................................................................................................................................. 41 6.3.Traditional activities versus newly introduced activities ............................................................................... 41 6.3.1. Interface trading ...................................................................................................................................... 42 6.3.2. Grazing ..................................................................................................................................................... 42 6.3.3. Government professions .......................................................................................................................... 43 6.3.4. Agriculture ..............................................................................................................................................
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