LUCIANO BERIO MORTON FELDMAN Carolin Widmann , Violon Orchestre Symphonique De La Radio De Francfort Emilio Pomàrico , Direction

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LUCIANO BERIO MORTON FELDMAN Carolin Widmann , Violon Orchestre Symphonique De La Radio De Francfort Emilio Pomàrico , Direction LUCIANO BERIO MORTON FELDMAN Carolin Widmann , violon Orchestre Symphonique de la Radio de Francfort Emilio Pomàrico , direction THÉÂTRE DU CHÂTELET (* OCTOBRE )''* n e i v i V y u G © o i r e B o n a i c u L Luciano Berio More Light n’anime plus, de l’extérieur, l’inertie Bewegung Laurent Feneyrou des règles et des codes de l’art, pas plus qu’il ne dépose dans le discours Composition : 1971, révision 1984 « Je suis toujours d’avis que les sons la trace de sa liberté. Mais il écoute. Commande : Scottish National sont destinés à respirer… et non pas à Ainsi est remise en question la notion Orchestra Effectif : 3 flûtes, 2 hautbois, cor anglais, être mis au service d’une idée », aimait de sujet souverain : « Pour que l’art 2 clarinettes, clarinette basse, à dire Morton Feldman. Dans la tradi - réussisse, son créateur doit échouer. » saxophone alto, saxophone ténor, tion occidentale, ce que nous écou - Si Boulez ou Stockhausen avaient 2 bassons, contrebasson, 4 cors, tons, nous le transposons en une image hérité de Webern, Feldman se consi - 4 trompettes, 3 trombones, tuba basse, ou en un récit l’expliquant par ce qu’il dérait, avec Cage, comme l’un de ses 3 percussionnistes, orgue électrique, piano, harpe, cordes n’est pas, nous le réduisons à des méta - « fils illégitimes ». Aussi le titre initial Création de la version révisée : phores ou nous l’inscrivons, par l’ana - de Violin and Orchestra était-il Why 26 octobre 1984, Bâle, Basler lyse, dans des structures qui en Webern ?De Webern, ce dernier et plus Sinfonieorchester, direction Luciano entravent la perception. En somme, long de ses « concertos » des années Berio nous traduisons des événements soixante-dix – ce qui n’exclut nulle - Éditeur : Universal/Vienne Dédicace : « à Marina et Stefano » sonores en contenus visuels ou ver - ment une virtuosité, mais tout autre, Durée : 12’ baux, et y recherchons la confirma - du soliste – retient moins les lois du tion de catégories autres que sérialisme, le concept, la logique, les Pause musicales. Ce qui semble appartenir règles d’engendrement et de construc - a priori à la musique, l’écoute, est donc tion, que l’esprit : le silence ; l’indis - Morton Feldman à redécouvrir. Pénétrer, lentement, tinction de l’horizontal et du vertical, Violin and Orchestra dans le son, c’est opérer à la manière délaissant ce que la tradition nom - Composition : 1979 de ce que les philosophes nomment mait l’harmonie et le contrepoint ; la Effectif : violon ; piccolo, 3 flûtes, une mise en suspens. L’œuvre naît multiplication des brèches et des 3 hautbois, cor anglais, 3 clarinettes, d’une concentration et oblige à ralen - miroirs ; le déplacement irrégulier du clarinette basse, 3 bassons, tir. La dynamique aux confins de l’au - rythme et de la distribution des sons contrebasson, 3 cors, 3 trompettes, dible, élément de tension pour dans la mesure ; le motif ou le pattern … 3 trombones, trombone ténor basse, tuba, 4 percussionnistes, 2 harpes, l’instrumentiste et l’auditeur, invités En musique, la dialectique avait cul - 2 pianos, cordes à aiguiser leur attention, y contribue miné dans les principes de la varia - Création : 12 avril 1984, Francfort, aussi, de même que, dans Violin and tion, dont il conviendrait de s’extraire Hessischer Rundfunk, Paul Zukofsky Orchestra , les registres et le spelling : du fondement moral, celui de la (violon) et Orchestre Symphonique le violon con sordino , souvent en har - musique allemande du XIX e siècle, de la Radio de Francfort, direction Cristóbal Halffter moniques, y donne des nuances micro- de Beethoven à Brahms – un fonde - Éditeur : Universal/Vienne chromatiques, entre la , sol double dièse ment dont le nazisme avait ruiné les Durée : 60’ ou si double bémol. L’écriture se valeurs. Est-ce un hasard si Feldman concentre alors sur la naissance du écrit ses anti-concertos, et son anti- Carolin Widmann , violon son, sa discrète advenue, sa douceur, opéra neither , de retour de Berlin ? Orchestre Symphonique ses écarts et son mode d’extinction. Si Beethoven avait été le musicien de la Radio de Francfort hégélien de la dialectique, Feldman À cet effet, Feldman écrivait à l’encre, emprunte une autre voie, celle non de Emilio Pomàrico , direction ce qui lui permettait de juger de sa la variation, mais de la variante. Non propre concentration, plus importante plus l’unité latente, mais des change - Durée du concert, 1h30 Coréalisation Théâtre du Châtelet ; même que l’idée ou que l’organisation ments et des répétitions, ou plutôt, Festival d’Automne à Paris des notes. Mais qu’est-ce alors que des réitérations aux déplacements En collaboration avec composer ? « Vous connaissez les ter - ténus – une ressemblance de répéti - l’Orchestre Symphonique de la mites. Ces insectes qui mangent le tion, une surface qui sonne « comme Radio de Francfort bois. C’est très, très intéressant. Qui de la répétition ». La différence est si Avec le concours de la Sacem mâche le bois ? La termite ne peut discrète qu’un même motif revient, pas le mâcher. Mais, à l’intérieur, des auquel il suffit désormais d’ajouter Concert enregistré par France Musique millions de microbes le mâchent. Il y une note ou d’en retrancher deux. La et diffusé en direct a une analogie avec la composition : concentration opère seulement sur le quelque chose d’autre fait le travail. » choix du motif à répéter et sur la nature Feldman participe d’une critique de sa variante, et le génie du musicien moderne du sujet créateur. Celui-ci tiendra à son sens du timing , du 2 moment exact de l’introduction d’un également éloigné du centre, se révèle tère individuel de chacun de ces pro - élément, ni avant ni après. Repris donc, à un voyageur qui y circule sans y avan - cessus, la nature de son évolution et réitérés, rebattus, et ainsi peu à peu cer, où toute évolution coïncide le degré de son indépendance peu - dévoilés, les motifs se jouent de notre avec son contraire, une essentielle et vent être atténués ou accentués par oublieuse mémoire. Invocation de ce merveilleuse stagnation. L’écoute de des strates dynamiques, des couleurs qui est apparu déjà, davantage que l’œuvre tient de cette atmosphère, de et des techniques instrumentales. Par - transformation volontaire, beethové - ce paysage, engageant l’homme tout fois, l’indépendance peut devenir indif - nienne, de ce qui a été inventé, la forme entier à l’épreuve d’un mode, aigu, férence, et les paramètres musicaux le cède à l’échelle, plus vaste, qui nie authentique, de l’écoulement. peuvent suivre leur propre vie, leur toute saisie. Décrire ou analyser une propre temps autonome d’évolution, œuvre en réduisant ses sections à un Si Feldman illumine le son, Luciano comme certains personnages d’un archétype classique ou à des lettres Berio déploie, dans Bewegung , une roman de Musil », écrivait Berio dans (a, b, c…), desquelles naîtrait, par leur ligne mélodique de six hauteurs aux l’une des conférences qu’il donna à succession ou leur mise en série, une registres gelés ( do , fa dièse, do dièse, l’Université de Harvard en 1993 –1994. forme, c’est manquer cette oublieuse ré , sol dièse, ré dièse), riche de secondes, Il décrivait par ces mots l’alternative mémoire. Avec Morton Feldman, l’ex - de tritons et surtout de quintes, qui devant laquelle il s’était trouvé au périence de la forme, dans le temps lui confèrent l’évidence de la réso - début des années soixante-dix : soit de l’écoute, prime sur sa schématisa - nance naturelle. Jouant des limites de l’agrégat complexe, donné en une tion, et les mailles du temps se la perception et de notre capacité à attaque staccato , soit un champ de dénouent, suscitant l’idée d’une œuvre écouter globalement, presque intui - hauteurs fixes, évoluant inexorable - comme toile temporelle – moins tivement, l’œuvre, étale, transparente, ment, dans le mouvement ( Bewegung ) encore le son que la durée, l’étirement. telle une étude méditative à la nuance d’une monodie, d’une mélodie, d’une « L’Odyssée est-elle trop longue ? », essentiellement sempre ppp , s’attache échelle, dont les transformations sont répondait-il à ceux qui n’y entendaient à cette ligne et à son lent déploiement. inscrites dans son propre code géné - qu’ennui, à la recherche, comme D’incessants arpèges et de brefs motifs tique. Au sein d’un tissu homogène, à Samuel Beckett chez Proust, d’une épi - l’épellent, avant qu’elle n’irrigue Ein - la perspective renouvelée, l’échelle, phanie nouant le présent et le passé drücke (1973–1972), où elle se dissou - calme ligne de rythmes simples, en un commun plus essentiel que cha - dra en trilles et figures indépendantes. neutres, périodiques (noires et cun des deux termes pris isolément. Dans Bewegung , il en émane une aura croches), se fait ici vague, onde, tout Musicien de la lumière plus que de la qui, loin de l’harmonie classique, de comme la forme : les transformations couleur, Feldman était l’ami des l’accord constitué de sons simultanés sinueuses, selon les changements de peintres : Pollock, Kline, Rothko ou Phi - et de la verticalité de leur organisa - couleurs, culminent tardivement en lip Guston, dont il admirait l’absence tion, renoue avec le sens de l’ harmo - une brève apothéose, où un geste syn - de pesanteur et où la peinture existe nia grecque, un assemblage, un thétique les coagule, avant de « quelque part dans l’espace entre la ajustement aux justes proportions s’éteindre. toile et nous », invitant à un chemine - entre des événements composant «Bewegung […] est une œuvre dans la ment ardu, entre distance et immer - un tout. Une telle aura, que les musi - structure interne de laquelle une agi - sion, à un rythme lent, à une stase, le ciens nomment aussi « hétérophonie tation émerge peu à peu d’une échelle geste dût-il être réalisé de manière », suppose l’unité dans la multiplicité au caractère déterminé.
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