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Dinamika Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat Di Indonesia: Aktivitas Dan Peran (1950-1965)

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Dinamika Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat Di Indonesia: Aktivitas Dan Peran (1950-1965) DINAMIKA LEMBAGA KEBUDAYAAN RAKYAT DI INDONESIA: AKTIVITAS DAN PERAN (1950-1965) SKRIPSI SARJANA DIKERJAKAN O L E H NAMA : FAJAR STEVEN NIM : 130706031 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2021 KATA PENGANTAR Dengan penuh kerendahan hati penulis ucapkan terimakasih dan syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas kuasa-Nya dan jalan-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini untuk melengkapi dan memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar sarjana dari Program Strata-1 (S1) Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Dengan skripsi yang berjudul: Dinamika Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat Di Indonesia: Aktivitas Dan peran (1950-1965). Dalam penyusunan dan penulisan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari bantuan, bimbingan serta dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada seluruh staf pengajar di Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah dan para akademisi di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya yang telah memberikan semangat kepada penulis agar terus berjuang dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Akhir kata, Kritik dan saran sangat diperlukan penulis dalam memperbaiki serta mengkaji lebih dalam skripsi ini, sebab penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Semoga tulisan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Medan, 22 Oktober 2020 Penulis Fajar Steven 130706031 i UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Puji dan syukur penulis haturkan atas kehadirat dan kebaikan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah berkenan memberikan berkat, penyertaan, kesempatan, dan kasih sayang- Nya kepada penulis sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan. Dalam kesempatan ini dengan penuh kerendahan hati dan rasa hormat penulis juga ingin mengucapkan terima kasih atas segala bantuan yang telah diberikan berupa tenaga, motivasi, bimbingan, serta sumbangan pemikiran dari berbagai pihak untuk mensukseskan pekerjaan skripsi ini: 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Wakil Dekan I Prof. Drs. Mauly Purba, M.A,Ph.d. Wakil Dekan II Dra. Heristina Dewi, M.Pd, dan Wakil Dekan III Prof. Dr. Ikhwanuddin Nasution, M.Si, beserta seluruh staf pegawai, berkat bantuan serta fasilitas yang penulis peroleh dan gunakan di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara 2. Bapak Drs. Edi Sumarno, M. Hum sebagai Ketua Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU, yang telah sangat bersabar dan berusaha menahan diri atas keterlambatan akademik dan juga penulisan skripsi ini. 3. Ibu Dra. Nina Karina, MSP, sebagai Sekretaris Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah yang telah banyak memberikan nasihat dan motivasi kepada penulis baik selama perkuliahan dan saat mengerjakan penulisan skripsi ini. ii 4. Bapak Drs. Wara Sinuhaji, M.Hum sebagai dosen pembimbing yang telah sabar membimbing, membantu, dan memberikan banyak pengarahan, saran serta masukan selama penulisan skripsi ini. 5. Kepada seluruh Bapak/Ibu Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU yang telah memberikan ilmunya kepada penulis selama menjadi Mahasiswa Ilmu Sejarah, Semoga ilmu yang diterima dapat bermanfaat dalam kehidupan. Juga kepada Bang Amperawira sebagai Tata Usaha Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah terima kasih bang atas dukungan, arahan serta nasihatnya 6. Kepada orang tua penulis, Alm Lundu Panjaitan dan Ibu tercinta Meida Pakpahan yang selalu mendukung dan mendoakan penulis dalam setiap langkah mengarungi belantara kehidupan , terima kasih penulis ucapkan untuk segala rasa cinta dan kasih sayang yang tak pernah bertepi. Juga Kepada saudara penulis Taruli Noven Panjaitan, terimakasih untuk segala semangat, nasihat dan dukungan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis. 7. Kepada sahabat seperjuangan penulis dalam melewati waktu bersama di kampus tercinta: Alm. Napol, Boccor, Doi, Fenrico, Gilbert, Helmy, Hengky, Onok, Pak Jhon, Si Pal, Ijun, Rico, Tomy, Vikceng. Terimakasih untuk segala kebersamaan yang penuh dengan kehangatan ini. Serta kalian semua anggota Stambuk Tiga Belas yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu terima iii kasih atas kebersamaan yang pernah kita lewati bersama dalam mengikuti perkuliahan. 8. Keluarga Besar HIMIS (Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Sejarah) USU Terutama Pengurus periode 2018/2019 Ketua Teguh Marbun, sekretaris Josson Malau. Beserta semua angkatan yang pernah menemani hari-hari penulis menjadi mahasiswa sejarah. 9. Kepada segenap saudara-saudaraku di GEMAPRODEM (Gerakan Mahasiswa Pro Demokrasi), terima kasih untuk proses yang selalu diberikan dalam menumbuhkan sikap kritis dan militan kepada penulis. Demokrasi Untuk Rakyat! 10. Kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam mengumpulkan data, Bapak Martin Aleida dan Bapak Puttu Oka Susanta terimakasih telah meluangkan waktunya untuk berdiskusi dengan penulis. 11. Kepada Teman-teman bunga sedap malam 8, Markus, Andre, Riki, Budi, Petrus, Kristin, Awik, Ocen, terimakasih telah menemani penulis melewati keseharian di jalan bunga sedap malam 8. 12. Seluruh kawan-kawan di Sol Kopi, Seperti coa-coa yang sering terucap. “Tetap Sans, Badai Pasti berlalu.” Medan, 22 Oktober 2020 Penulis Fajar Steven 130706031 iv ABSTRAK Keterlibatan Lekra ke dalam perpolitikan Indonesia menimbulkan penolakan dari para seniman dan pekerja kebudayaan yang memandang tabu unsur seni dicampur- adukkan dengan unsur politik. Dalam hal inilah penulisan skripsi ini bermaksud untuk membuka kembali keterlibatan organisasi Lekra pada agenda- agenda kebudayaan di Indonesia masa periode demokrsasi liberal hingga Demokrasi Terpimpin. Meski kemudian terjadi perdebatan-perdebatan sengit antara Lekra dengan Manikebu sampai awal tahun 1964, Lekra tetap berhasil mendominasi ruang kebudayaan Indonesia dan menggeser Manikebu dari ruang kebudayaan tersebut. Hal ini dinyatakan dengan pembubaran Manikebu oleh Soekarno pada Mei 1964. Pada sekitaran tahun 1965 menjadi periode akhir dari dominasi Lekra di Indonesia, berawal dari peristiwa bersejarah 30 September yang menjadi titik balik bagi kehidupan Lekra. Aktifitas nya yang begitu menggemuruh dikancah kebudayaan nasional dalam periode 1950-1965 Seakan hilang tanpa jejak, dimatikan oleh kekuasaan yang jauh lebih tinggi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah, Heuristik yaitu tahap awal yang dilakukan untuk mencari data-data tentang Lekra melalui berbagai sumber yang relevan lalu melakukan penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara. Kemudia kritik sumber, merupakan proses yang dilakukan untuk mencari nilai kebenaran data melalui kritik intern dan kritik ekstern sehingga didapat keobjektifan dalam penelitian. Interpretasi, melakukan perbandingan dan analisa data terhadap sumber- sumber yang didapat sebelumnya. Metode terakhir yakni historiografi, melakukan pemaparan dan penyusunan hasil penelitian kedalam karya tulis sejarah yang deskriptif analisis. Kata Kunci :Lekra,Aktifitas,Dinamika,Peran. v DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar .......................................................................................................... i Ucapan Terima Kasih ................................................................................................ ii Abstrak ........................................................................................................................ v Daftar Isi .................................................................................................................... vi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................... 8 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 9 1.4 Tinjauan Pustaka ................................................................................................. 9 1.5 Metode Penelitian ............................................................................................... 14 BAB II PEMBENTUKAN LEMBAGA KEBUDAYAAN RAKYAT ................ 17 2. 1 Situasi Nasional Setelah Kemerdekaan 1945 .................................................... 18 2. 2 Surat Kepercayaan Gelanggang ......................................................................... 22 2. 3 Mukadimah Lekra .............................................................................................. 29 2. 4 Kongres Nasional I ............................................................................................ 35 2.4.1 Struktur Lekra ........................................................................................... 40 2.4.2 Asas, Metode dan Kombinasi 1-5-1 ......................................................... 42 vi BAB III PERAN DAN AKTIVITAS LEKRA ...................................................... 59 3. 1 Lembaga Kreatif Lekra ...................................................................................... 59 3. 2 Lekra Dan PKI ................................................................................................... 63 3. 3 Lekra Dan WargaDunia ..................................................................................... 70 3.3.1 Konfrensi Sastrawan Asia Afrika ............................................................. 73 3.3.2 Festival Film Asia Afrika ......................................................................... 79 3.4 Zaman Baru Media Massa KebudayaanLekra .................................................... 82 BAB IV PEMBENTUKAN BASIS IDEOLOGI LIBERAL DI BIDANG KEBUDAYAAN .....................................................................................................
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