Cavities and Spaces of the Skull, Paranasal Sinuses, Opening in the Skull Bases

Home , Anterior cranial fossa, Condylar canal, Dorsum sellae, Foramen rotundum, Frontal sinus, Greater palatine canal

Cavities and spaces of the skull, paranasal sinuses, opening in the skull bases

MUDr.Veronika Němcová, CSc. Internal surfice of the cranial base Basis cranii EinternaF Amin

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O Anterior cranial fossa

Foramen caecum Impressiones gyrorum et Crista galli juga cerebralia Cribriform plate

Prechiasmatic groove

Lesser wing Optic canal Anterior clinoid process Anterior cranial fossa - repetition Superior orbital fissure

Foramen rotundum

Foramen venosum Middle cranial fossa openings Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Foramen lacerum Hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve

Hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve Middle cranial fossa structures Hypophysial fossa

Grooves for the Carotid sulcus lesser and graeter petrosal nerves Trigeminal impression Dorsum sellae Arcuate eminence

Tegmen tympani

Groove of the superior petrosal sinus Middle cranial fossa - repetition Posterior cranial fossa - openings

Apertura externa aquaeductus vestibuli

hypoglossal canal

Foramen Internal Jugular foramen magnum acustic meatus Condylar canal Posterior cranial fossa structures Groove of the superior petrosal sinus

Clivus Groove of the inferior petrosal sinus Groove of the sigmoid sinus

Subarcuate fossa

Opening for the emissary Cerebellar fossa vein from mastoid foramen

Internal occipital crest

Internal occipital protuberance Sulcus sinus transversi Cerebral fossa Sites for passage for nerves in the posterior cranial fossa

n.VII n.VIII n.IX n.X n.XI

n.XII Fossa cranii posterior -repetition Openings in the internal surface of cranial base 1

1-lamina cribrosa 2 2-canalis opticus 3-fissura orbitalis superior 3 4-foramen rotundum 4 5-foramen ovale 7 5 6-foramen spinosum 6 7-foramen lacerum 8-hiatus nervi petrosi minoris 8 10 9-hiatus nervi petrosi majoris 9 13 10-porus acusticus internus 11-foramen jugulare 11 12-canalis nervi hypoglossi 12 14 13-foramen magnum 14-canalis condylaris 15 15-foramen mastoideum Cranial nerves

I. Olfactory nerves II. Optic nerve III. Oculomotory nerve IV. Trochlear nerve V. Trigeminal 1.Ophthalmic 2.Maxillary 3.Mandibular VI. Abducent nerve VII. Facial nerve VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve X. Vagus XI. Accessory nerve XII. Hypoglossal nerve Basis cranii interna Anterior cranial fossa Frontal lobes, n.I. a n.II., falx cerebri I orbitocranial canal Ant. meningeal art. Posterior border of lesser wings Int.carotid art. II III, IV, VI, V/1 and prechiasmatic sulcus Ophthalmic art. Middle cranial fossa Sup. ophthalmic vein temporal lobes, V/2 Middle hypophysis cerebri, V/3 eye-muscle nerves and V/1, meningeal art. branches of n.V, cavernous VII, VIII sinus, middle meningeal art., Greater (from N.VII) XII and lesser(fromN.IX) sphenopetrosal synchondrosis petrosal nerves Crista pyramidis, dorsum sellae Vertebral art. IX,X,XI Posterior cranial fossa, brainstem, cerebellum, Post. meningeal art. occipital lobes, grooves of sinuses, emissary veins, n.VII a n.VIII, endolymphatic duct, nn.IX,X,and XI, spinal cord and n.XI and vertebral art., n.XII Grooves of sinuses

Sulcus sinus petrosi superioris

Sulcus sinus Sulcus petrosi inferioris sinus sigmoidei

Sulcus sinus transversi Falx cerebri

n.II Sup.opthalmic vein Int. carotid art. infundibulum hypophysae n.III n.IV. Middle n.V meningeal art. n.VI n.VII and n.VIII

n.IX.,X., IX

n.XII Sigmoid sinus confluens of sinuses Vertebral art. r. spinalis n.XI. Sup. sagittal sinus Transverse sinus Repetition

Int. carotid art.

Middle Cavernous meningeal art. sinus

Tentorium of the cerebellum Vertebral art. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Posterior ethmoidal cells Frontal sinus

Anterior ethmoidal cells Sphenoid sinus

Nasolacrimal duct

Maxillary sinus Paranasal sinuses - development Anteriorly

Frontal sinus

Superior nasal meatus

Middle nasal Piriform meatus aperture

Inferior nasal meatus Posteriorly

Choana Cavum nasi osseum

Roof: nasal bone

frontal bone

Cribriform plate of ethmoid Nasal septum: sphenoid perpendicular plate of (body) ethmoid

vomer

Floor: palatine process of maxilla horizontal plate of palatine bone Lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Frontal process and body of maxilla

Lacrimal bone

Ethmoid

Inferior nasal concha Perpendicular plate of palatine bone

Medial lamina of pterygoid process Bony nasal cavity - repetition

sphenopalatine foramen Palatum durum

Os incisivum Foramen incisivum (nervus nasopalatinus)

Processus palatinus maxillae

Lamina horizontalis ossis palatini Frontal section through the maxillary sinus (schema)

Ant. cranial fossa

Frontal sinus F

Post.ethmoid cells Orbit Z Ant.ethmoid cells

Semilunar hiatus M

Maxillary sinus Vomer 1 4

Frontální řez přes sinus5 maxillaris 2 6

8 3

Frontal section through the maxillary sinus X-ray picture of the skull AP projection

8 Sinusitis X-ray picture of paranasal sinuses (Waters projection)

Frontal sinus

Maxillary sinus

Sphenoid sinus RTG Waters projection - sinusitis Pansinusitis after tsunami

Normal CT of paranasal sinuses on the same levels X-ray picture of the skull Fossa lateral hypophysialis Sinus sphenoidalis projection Sinus frontalis

Sinus maxillaris Infratemporal fossa

Borders: Sup.: infratemporal crest Ant.: maxillary tuberosity Lat.: ramus of the mandible Med.: lateral plate of the pterygoid process

Content: Pterygoid muscles Pterygoid plexus Maxillary artery Branches of the mandibular nerve Otic ganglion Buccal adipose body Infratemporal fossa Inf.ophthalmic vein openings (inf. orbital fissure)

Mandibular nerve (oval foramen)

Middle meningeal art (spinous foramen)

Inf. alveolar nerve (mandibular canal) Mylohyoid nerve (mylohyoid groove) Infratemporal fossa repetition Otic ganglion

L Branches of mandibular nerve M Maxillary artery Pterygoid muscles Frontal section through the temporal and infratemporal region

N.mandibularis Sinus sphenoidalis in oval foramen

Arcus zygomaticus Vomer

Corpus adiposum Processus pterygoideus

N.lingualis

N.alveolaris inf. Frontal section through the temporal and infratemporal region repetition Pterygoid plexus in the infratemporal fossa

V.temporalis spf.

Vv.diploicae

V.angularis

Plexus pterygoideus

V.facialis

V.retromandibularis

V.jugularis externa

V.jugularis interna Maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa Nerves in the infratemporal fossa – branches of mandibular nerve (V/3)

N.VII (stylomastoid foramen) N.auriculotemporalis

N.alveolaris inf.

N.buccalis

R.mylohyoideus

N.lingualis Pterygopalatine fossa – deepest part of the infratemporal fossa Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygopalatine Middle cranial fossa fossa External surface of Borders: Orbit cranial base Ant. - maxilla Nasal Post. – pterygoid process cavity Med.- perpendicular plate of palatine bone Lat.-pterygomaxillary fissure Sup.- greater wing of sphenoid Inf. – foramen palatinum majus Oral cavity Pterygopalatine fossa lateral aspect -schema

Inferior orbital fissure Sphenopalatine foramen Foramen rotundum Pterygoid canal

Pterygoid process

Maxilla Greater palatine canal Pterygopalatine fossa schema - nerves

V/2 somatosensory IOFI SPF FR Greater petrosal nerve (VII) PC parasympathetic Lesser petrosal nerve (plexus a.carotis int.) sympathetic Pterygopalatine ganglion

GPC

PtPr Maxilla Pterygopalatine fossa lateral aspect - nerves communicating branch to zygomatic nerve nn.pterygopalatini (for lacrimal gland) V/2 somatosensory IOF SPF FR Infraorbital nerve Greater petrosal nerve (VII) PC Zygomatic nerve parasympathetic Lesser petrosal nerve Nasal branches (plexus a.carotis int.) sympathetic Pterygopalatine ganglion

Palatine nerves (greater and lesser)

PtPr Maxilla Fossa pterygopalatina schema– branches of maxillary artery

Rr. nasales post.lat.+septi Infraorbital art. Sphenopalatine art-

A.canalis pterygoidei M

Ant. sup. alveolar art. Descending palatine art. Post. sup. alveolar art.

Greater and lesser palatine art. Fossa pterygopalatina schema – nerves and arteries

Zygomatic nerve Nasal Maxillary nerve branches Infraorbital nerve and art. Sphenopalatine art.

A.canalis pterygoidei M Greater petrosal nerve Lesser petrosal nerve Pterygopalatine ganglion Ant. sup. alveolar A.palatina descendens nerves and art. Post. sup. alveolar nerves and art.

Greater and lesser palatine nerves and art. Pterygopalatine fossa medial aspekt lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini removed

Pterygoid canal

Greater palatine canal

Incisive canal Orbital cavity

GW E L P Z

M Orbital cavity – openings and fossas

Supraorbital foramen Optic canal Frontal notch Fossa for lacrimal gland

Trochlear fovea

Superior orbital fissure

Ant.and post. ethmoid foramen Inferior orbital fissure

Fossa for lacrimal sac Zygomaticofacial foramen

Infraorbital foramen Orbital cavity – sites for passage

Anterior cranial fossa

Middle cranial fossa Orbitocranial canal

Orbitoethmoid canal

Nasolacrimal canal Infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossa Orbital cavity arteries and nerves

Supraorbital lacrimal frontal Supratrochlear Superior ophthalmic vein Ophthalmic art. n.IV n.II Anulus tendineus communis ant. et post. ethmoidal n.VI nerves and Zygomatic nerve art. nasociliary Inf. ophthalmic vein n.III

Infraorbital nerve and art. Orbital cavity repetition Nerves in the superior part of the orbite

nasociliary nerve - from V/1 lacrimal nerve from V/1 and ophthalmic art. n. abducens (VI)

frontal nerve from V/1 trochleary nerve(IV)

optic nerve(II)

oculomotory (III) Nasopalatine nerve Basis cranii externa -sites for passage for vessels and nerves

Greater palatine nerve and art. Mandibular nerve

Middle meningeal art. Greater and lesser petrosal nerve Internal carotid art.

Facial nerve

n.IX.,X., IX Int. Jugular vein n.XII emissarium mastoideum Vertebral art emissarium condylare r.spinalis n.XI Basis cranii externa 1 repetition 2

3 4 1-incisive canal 5 2-greater palatine foramen 3-inf.orbital fissure 4-foramen ovale 16 5-foramen spinosum 15 6-mastoid process 6 7-stylomastoid foramen 14 8-carotid canal 9-jugular foramen 10-foramen magnum 7 11-condylar canal 12-occipital condyle 8 13-mastoid notch 9 14-foramen lacerum 13 15-vomer 12 16-lateral plate of pterygoid 10 process 11 Basis cranii externa repetition Sources

• Čihák, Anatomie 1 • Gray, Anatomy • Petrovický a spol., Anatomie 1 • Sobotta , Atlas anatomie člověka • http://anat.lf1.cuni.cz/muzeum/kranio.html • Personal archive