Cavities and spaces of the skull, paranasal sinuses, opening in the skull bases MUDr.Veronika Němcová, CSc. Internal surfice of the cranial base Basis cranii EinternaF Amin Amaj T O Anterior cranial fossa Foramen caecum Impressiones gyrorum et Crista galli juga cerebralia Cribriform plate Prechiasmatic groove Lesser wing Optic canal Anterior clinoid process Anterior cranial fossa - repetition Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen venosum Middle cranial fossa openings Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Hiatus for the lesser petrosal nerve Hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve Middle cranial fossa structures Hypophysial fossa Grooves for the Carotid sulcus lesser and graeter petrosal nerves Trigeminal impression Dorsum sellae Arcuate eminence Tegmen tympani Groove of the superior petrosal sinus Middle cranial fossa - repetition Posterior cranial fossa - openings Apertura externa aquaeductus vestibuli hypoglossal canal Foramen Internal Jugular foramen magnum acustic meatus Condylar canal Posterior cranial fossa structures Groove of the superior petrosal sinus Clivus Groove of the inferior petrosal sinus Groove of the sigmoid sinus Subarcuate fossa Opening for the emissary Cerebellar fossa vein from mastoid foramen Internal occipital crest Internal occipital protuberance Sulcus sinus transversi Cerebral fossa Sites for passage for nerves in the posterior cranial fossa n.VII n.VIII n.IX n.X n.XI n.XII Fossa cranii posterior -repetition Openings in the internal surface of cranial base 1 1-lamina cribrosa 2 2-canalis opticus 3-fissura orbitalis superior 3 4-foramen rotundum 4 5-foramen ovale 7 5 6-foramen spinosum 6 7-foramen lacerum 8-hiatus nervi petrosi minoris 8 10 9-hiatus nervi petrosi majoris 9 13 10-porus acusticus internus 11-foramen jugulare 11 12-canalis nervi hypoglossi 12 14 13-foramen magnum 14-canalis condylaris 15 15-foramen mastoideum Cranial nerves I. Olfactory nerves II. Optic nerve III. Oculomotory nerve IV. Trochlear nerve V. Trigeminal 1.Ophthalmic 2.Maxillary 3.Mandibular VI. Abducent nerve VII. Facial nerve VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve X. Vagus XI. Accessory nerve XII. Hypoglossal nerve Basis cranii interna Anterior cranial fossa Frontal lobes, n.I. a n.II., falx cerebri I orbitocranial canal Ant. meningeal art. Posterior border of lesser wings Int.carotid art. II III, IV, VI, V/1 and prechiasmatic sulcus Ophthalmic art. Middle cranial fossa Sup. ophthalmic vein temporal lobes, V/2 Middle hypophysis cerebri, V/3 eye-muscle nerves and V/1, meningeal art. branches of n.V, cavernous VII, VIII sinus, middle meningeal art., Greater (from N.VII) XII and lesser(fromN.IX) sphenopetrosal synchondrosis petrosal nerves Crista pyramidis, dorsum sellae Vertebral art. IX,X,XI Posterior cranial fossa, brainstem, cerebellum, Post. meningeal art. occipital lobes, grooves of sinuses, emissary veins, n.VII a n.VIII, endolymphatic duct, nn.IX,X,and XI, spinal cord and n.XI and vertebral art., n.XII Grooves of sinuses Sulcus sinus petrosi superioris Sulcus sinus Sulcus petrosi inferioris sinus sigmoidei Sulcus sinus transversi Falx cerebri n.II Sup.opthalmic vein Int. carotid art. infundibulum hypophysae n.III n.IV. Middle n.V meningeal art. n.VI n.VII and n.VIII n.IX.,X., IX n.XII Sigmoid sinus confluens of sinuses Vertebral art. r. spinalis n.XI. Sup. sagittal sinus Transverse sinus Repetition Int. carotid art. Middle Cavernous meningeal art. sinus Tentorium of the cerebellum Vertebral art. Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses Posterior ethmoidal cells Frontal sinus Anterior ethmoidal cells Sphenoid sinus Nasolacrimal duct Maxillary sinus Paranasal sinuses - development Anteriorly Frontal sinus Superior nasal meatus Middle nasal Piriform meatus aperture Inferior nasal meatus Posteriorly Choana Cavum nasi osseum Roof: nasal bone frontal bone Cribriform plate of ethmoid Nasal septum: sphenoid perpendicular plate of (body) ethmoid vomer Floor: palatine process of maxilla horizontal plate of palatine bone Lateral wall of the nasal cavity Frontal process and body of maxilla Lacrimal bone Ethmoid Inferior nasal concha Perpendicular plate of palatine bone Medial lamina of pterygoid process Bony nasal cavity - repetition sphenopalatine foramen Palatum durum Os incisivum Foramen incisivum (nervus nasopalatinus) Processus palatinus maxillae Lamina horizontalis ossis palatini Frontal section through the maxillary sinus (schema) Ant. cranial fossa Frontal sinus F Post.ethmoid cells Orbit Z Ant.ethmoid cells Semilunar hiatus M Maxillary sinus Vomer 1 4 Frontální řez přes sinus5 maxillaris 2 6 8 3 Frontal section through the maxillary sinus X-ray picture of the skull AP projection 4 2 3 8 Sinusitis X-ray picture of paranasal sinuses (Waters projection) Frontal sinus Maxillary sinus Sphenoid sinus RTG Waters projection - sinusitis Pansinusitis after tsunami Normal CT of paranasal sinuses on the same levels X-ray picture of the skull Fossa lateral hypophysialis Sinus sphenoidalis projection Sinus frontalis Sinus maxillaris Infratemporal fossa Borders: Sup.: infratemporal crest Ant.: maxillary tuberosity Lat.: ramus of the mandible Med.: lateral plate of the pterygoid process Content: Pterygoid muscles Pterygoid plexus Maxillary artery Branches of the mandibular nerve Otic ganglion Buccal adipose body Infratemporal fossa Inf.ophthalmic vein openings (inf. orbital fissure) Mandibular nerve (oval foramen) Middle meningeal art (spinous foramen) Inf. alveolar nerve (mandibular canal) Mylohyoid nerve (mylohyoid groove) Infratemporal fossa repetition Otic ganglion L Branches of mandibular nerve M Maxillary artery Pterygoid muscles Frontal section through the temporal and infratemporal region N.mandibularis Sinus sphenoidalis in oval foramen Arcus zygomaticus Vomer Corpus adiposum Processus pterygoideus N.lingualis N.alveolaris inf. Frontal section through the temporal and infratemporal region repetition Pterygoid plexus in the infratemporal fossa V.temporalis spf. Vv.diploicae V.angularis Plexus pterygoideus V.facialis V.retromandibularis V.jugularis externa V.jugularis interna Maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa Nerves in the infratemporal fossa – branches of mandibular nerve (V/3) N.VII (stylomastoid foramen) N.auriculotemporalis N.alveolaris inf. N.buccalis R.mylohyoideus N.lingualis Pterygopalatine fossa – deepest part of the infratemporal fossa Pterygopalatine fossa Pterygopalatine Middle cranial fossa fossa External surface of Borders: Orbit cranial base Ant. - maxilla Nasal Post. – pterygoid process cavity Med.- perpendicular plate of palatine bone Lat.-pterygomaxillary fissure Sup.- greater wing of sphenoid Inf. – foramen palatinum majus Oral cavity Pterygopalatine fossa lateral aspect -schema Inferior orbital fissure Sphenopalatine foramen Foramen rotundum Pterygoid canal Pterygoid process Maxilla Greater palatine canal Pterygopalatine fossa schema - nerves V/2 somatosensory IOFI SPF FR Greater petrosal nerve (VII) PC parasympathetic Lesser petrosal nerve (plexus a.carotis int.) sympathetic Pterygopalatine ganglion GPC PtPr Maxilla Pterygopalatine fossa lateral aspect - nerves communicating branch to zygomatic nerve nn.pterygopalatini (for lacrimal gland) V/2 somatosensory IOF SPF FR Infraorbital nerve Greater petrosal nerve (VII) PC Zygomatic nerve parasympathetic Lesser petrosal nerve Nasal branches (plexus a.carotis int.) sympathetic Pterygopalatine ganglion Palatine nerves (greater and lesser) PtPr Maxilla Fossa pterygopalatina schema– branches of maxillary artery Rr. nasales post.lat.+septi Infraorbital art. Sphenopalatine art- A.canalis pterygoidei M Ant. sup. alveolar art. Descending palatine art. Post. sup. alveolar art. Greater and lesser palatine art. Fossa pterygopalatina schema – nerves and arteries Zygomatic nerve Nasal Maxillary nerve branches Infraorbital nerve and art. Sphenopalatine art. A.canalis pterygoidei M Greater petrosal nerve Lesser petrosal nerve Pterygopalatine ganglion Ant. sup. alveolar A.palatina descendens nerves and art. Post. sup. alveolar nerves and art. Greater and lesser palatine nerves and art. Pterygopalatine fossa medial aspekt lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini removed Pterygoid canal Greater palatine canal Incisive canal Orbital cavity F LW GW E L P Z M Orbital cavity – openings and fossas Supraorbital foramen Optic canal Frontal notch Fossa for lacrimal gland Trochlear fovea Superior orbital fissure Ant.and post. ethmoid foramen Inferior orbital fissure Fossa for lacrimal sac Zygomaticofacial foramen Infraorbital foramen Orbital cavity – sites for passage Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Orbitocranial canal Orbitoethmoid canal Nasolacrimal canal Infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossa Orbital cavity arteries and nerves Supraorbital lacrimal frontal Supratrochlear Superior ophthalmic vein Ophthalmic art. n.IV n.II Anulus tendineus communis ant. et post. ethmoidal n.VI nerves and Zygomatic nerve art. nasociliary Inf. ophthalmic vein n.III Infraorbital nerve and art. Orbital cavity repetition Nerves in the superior part of the orbite nasociliary nerve - from V/1 lacrimal nerve from V/1 and ophthalmic art. n. abducens (VI) frontal nerve from V/1 trochleary nerve(IV) optic nerve(II) oculomotory (III) Nasopalatine nerve Basis cranii externa -sites for passage for vessels and nerves Greater palatine nerve and art. Mandibular nerve Middle meningeal art. Greater and lesser petrosal nerve Internal carotid art. Facial nerve n.IX.,X., IX Int. Jugular vein n.XII emissarium mastoideum Vertebral art emissarium condylare r.spinalis n.XI Basis cranii externa 1 repetition 2 3 4 1-incisive canal 5 2-greater palatine foramen 3-inf.orbital fissure 4-foramen ovale 16 5-foramen spinosum 15 6-mastoid process 6 7-stylomastoid foramen 14 8-carotid canal 9-jugular foramen 10-foramen magnum 7 11-condylar canal 12-occipital condyle 8 13-mastoid notch 9 14-foramen lacerum 13 15-vomer 12 16-lateral plate of pterygoid 10 process 11 Basis cranii externa repetition Sources • Čihák, Anatomie 1 • Gray, Anatomy • Petrovický a spol., Anatomie 1 • Sobotta , Atlas anatomie člověka • http://anat.lf1.cuni.cz/muzeum/kranio.html • Personal archive.