Tatmadaw and Myanmar's Security Challenges CHAPTER 9
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Reform in Myanmar: One Year On
Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°136 Jakarta/Brussels, 11 April 2012 Reform in Myanmar: One Year On mar hosts the South East Asia Games in 2013 and takes I. OVERVIEW over the chairmanship of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 2014. One year into the new semi-civilian government, Myanmar has implemented a wide-ranging set of reforms as it em- Reforming the economy is another major issue. While vital barks on a remarkable top-down transition from five dec- and long overdue, there is a risk that making major policy ades of authoritarian rule. In an address to the nation on 1 changes in a context of unreliable data and weak econom- March 2012 marking his first year in office, President Thein ic institutions could create unintended economic shocks. Sein made clear that the goal was to introduce “genuine Given the high levels of impoverishment and vulnerabil- democracy” and that there was still much more to be done. ity, even a relatively minor shock has the potential to have This ambitious agenda includes further democratic reform, a major impact on livelihoods. At a time when expectations healing bitter wounds of the past, rebuilding the economy are running high, and authoritarian controls on the popu- and ensuring the rule of law, as well as respecting ethnic lation have been loosened, there would be a potential for diversity and equality. The changes are real, but the chal- unrest. lenges are complex and numerous. To consolidate and build on what has been achieved and increase the likeli- A third challenge is consolidating peace in ethnic areas. -
COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2003/297/CFSP of 28 April 2003 on Burma/Myanmar
L 106/36EN Official Journal of the European Union 29.4.2003 (Acts adopted pursuant to Title V of the Treaty on European Union) COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2003/297/CFSP of 28 April 2003 on Burma/Myanmar THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, will not be imposed if by that time there is substantive progress towards national reconciliation, the restoration of a democratic order and greater respect for human Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in parti- rights in Burma/Myanmar. cular Article 15 thereof, (6) Exemptions should be introduced in the arms embargo Whereas: in order to allow the export of certain military rated equipment for humanitarian use. (1) On 28 October 1996, the Council adopted Common Position 96/635/CFSP on Burma/Myanmar (1), which (7) The implementation of the visa ban should be without expires on 29 April 2003. prejudice to cases where a Member State is bound by an obligation of international law, or is host country of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (2) In view of the further deterioration in the political situa- (OSCE), or where the Minister and Vice-Minister for tion in Burma/Myanmar, as witnessed by the failure of Foreign Affairs for Burma/Myanmar visit with prior noti- the military authorities to enter into substantive discus- fication and agreement of the Council. sions with the democratic movement concerning a process leading to national reconciliation, respect for human rights and democracy and the continuing serious (8) The implementation of the ban on high level visits at the violations -
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Mm-Ami-Conference2015-Chitwin-Passing the Mace
AUSTRALIA MYANMAR INSTITUTE Passing the mace from the Myanmar’s first to the second legislature Chit Win 1/29/2016 When the five year term of the first legislature “Hluttaw” in Myanmar ends in January 2016, it will be remembered as a robust legislature acting as an opposition to the executive. The second legislature of Myanmar is set to be totally different from the first one in every aspect. This paper looks at three key defining features of the first legislature namely non-partisanship, the role of the Speakers and the relationship with the executive and how much of these would be embedded or changed when the mace of the first term of the Hluttaw is passed to the second. Contents 1. Introduction .........................................................................................2 2. Highlights of the first legislature ................................................................2 3. Non-Partisanship ...................................................................................4 4. The role of the Speakers ..........................................................................5 5. Relationship with the executive .................................................................6 6. Conclusion ...........................................................................................8 Annex 1 ...................................................................................................9 Annex 2 .................................................................................................10 !1 Passing the mace from -
China, India, and Myanmar: Playing Rohingya Roulette?
CHAPTER 4 China, India, and Myanmar: Playing Rohingya Roulette? Hossain Ahmed Taufiq INTRODUCTION It is no secret that both China and India compete for superpower standing in the Asian continent and beyond. Both consider South Asia and Southeast Asia as their power-play pivots. Myanmar, which lies between these two Asian giants, displays the same strategic importance for China and India, geopolitically and geoeconomically. Interestingly, however, both countries can be found on the same page when it comes to the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar’s Rakhine state. As the Myanmar army (the Tatmadaw) crackdown pushed more than 600,000 Rohingya refugees into Bangladesh, Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi’s government was vociferously denounced by the Western and Islamic countries.1 By contrast, China and India strongly sup- ported her beleaguered military-backed government, even as Bangladesh, a country both invest in heavily, particularly on a competitive basis, has sought each to soften Myanmar’s Rohingya crackdown and ease a medi- ated refugee solution. H. A. Taufiq (*) Global Studies & Governance Program, Independent University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2019 81 I. Hussain (ed.), South Asia in Global Power Rivalry, Global Political Transitions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7240-7_4 82 H. A. TAUFIQ China’s and India’s support for Myanmar is nothing new. Since the Myanmar military seized power in September 1988, both the Asian pow- ers endeavoured to expand their influence in the reconfigured Myanmar to protect their national interests, including heavy investments in Myanmar, particularly in the Rakhine state. -
LED LCD TV Please Read This Manual Carefully Before Operating Your Set and Retain It for Future Reference
OWNER’S MANUAL LED LCD TV Please read this manual carefully before operating your set and retain it for future reference. LM96** P/NO : MFL67441721 (1208-REV03) Printed in Korea www.lg.com 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENGLISH ENG TABLE OF CONTENTS 34 MAINTENANCE 34 Cleaning Your TV 34 - Screen, frame, cabinet and stand 34 - Power cord 3 LICENSES 34 TROUBLESHOOTING 3 OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE 35 ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION 4 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS 10 Viewing 3D Imaging 36 SPECIFICATIONS 12 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 12 ASSEMBLING AND PREPARING 12 Unpacking 15 Separate purchase 16 Parts and buttons 17 Lifting and moving the TV 18 Setting up the TV 18 - Attaching the stand 20 - Mounting on a table 21 - Mounting on a wall 22 - Tidying cables 24 MAKING CONNECTIONS 24 Antenna connection 25 HDMI connection 26 DVI to HDMI connection 26 MHL connection 27 RGB-PC connection 27 Component connection 28 Composite connection 28 Audio connection 28 - Digital optical audio connection 29 USB connection WARNING y 30 MAGIC REMOTE CONTROL FUNC- If you ignore the warning message, you TIONS may be seriously injured or there is a possibility of accident or death. 31 Registering magic remote control 31 How to use magic remote control CAUTION 31 Precautions to take when using the magic remote control y If you ignore the caution message, you may be slightly injured or the product may 32 REMOTE CONTROL be damaged. 33 USING THE USER GUIDE NOTE y The note helps you understand and use the product safely. Please read the note carefully before using the product. LICENSES / OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE NOTICE 3 ENGLISH LICENSES ENG Supported licenses may differ by model. -
Regional Reverberations from Regime Shake-Up in Rangoon.Qxd
Asia-PacificAsia-Pacific SecuritySecurity SStudiestudies RegionalRegional ReverberationsReverberations fromfrom RegimeRegime Shake-upShake-up inin RangoonRangoon Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies Volume 4 - Number 1, January 2005 Key Findings The reverberations from the recent regime shake-up in Rangoon continue to be felt in regional capitals. Since prime minister Khin Nyunt was the chief architect of closer China-Burma strategic ties, his sudden removal has been interpret- ed as a major setback for China's strategic goals in Burma. Dr. Mohan Malik is a Professor with the Asia-Pacific Center for However, an objective assessment of China's strategic and eco- Security Studies. nomic needs and Burma's predicament shows that Beijing is His work focuses main- unlikely to easily give up what it has already gained in and ly on Asian Geopolitics through Burma. From China's perspective, Burma should be and Proliferation in Asia-Pacific region. His satisfied to gain a powerful friend, a permanent member of the most recent APCSS UN Security Council, and an economic superpower that comes publication is “India-China Relations: bearing gifts of much needed military hardware, economic aid, Giants Stir, Cooperate infrastructure projects and diplomatic support. and Compete ” The fact remains that ASEAN, India and Japan cannot compete with China either in providing military assistance, diplomatic support or in offering trade and investment benefits. With the UN-brokered talks on political reconciliation having reached a dead end, it might be worthwhile to start afresh with a dia- logue framework of ASEAN+3 (ASEAN plus China, India and Japan) on Burma. This would also put to test China's oft-stated commitment to multi- lateralism and Beijing's penchant for "Asian solutions to Asian problems". -
Myanmar's Security Outlook and the Myanmar Defence Services
CHAPTER 7 Myanmar’s Security Outlook and the Myanmar Defence Services Tin Maung Maung Than Introduction: Elected civilian government and the military in politics There were expressions of disappointment and even outright condemnation by the West and opposition groups that viewed the 7 November 2010 elections, held under the auspices of the ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), as neither free nor fair as well as lacking inclusiveness. Allegations of votes being manipulated in favour of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP that was transformed from the military-sponsored Union Solidarity and Development Organization, led by former prime minister and retired general U Thein Sein), the boycott of National League for Democracy (NLD, which convincingly won the 1990 election and whose leader Nobel laureate Daw Aung San Suu Kyi was still under house arrest had refused to re-register for competing in the polls) and complaints of unfair election laws tarnished the victory of the USDP which won overwhelmingly. By winning over 79 percent of the contested seats in the Pyithu Hluttaw (People’s Assembly or lower house of parliament) and nearly 77 percent in the Amyotha Hluttaw (National Assembly or upper house of parliament) at the national level and substantially (majority party in all seven states and seven regions) at the provincial level, the USDP was in a position to form the Union Government as well as the respective Region/State Governments. Though the Chairman of the SPDC Senior General Than Shwe and the Vice Chairman -
Cisco Broadband Data Book
Broadband Data Book © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. THE BROADBAND DATABOOK Cable Access Business Unit Systems Engineering Revision 21 August 2019 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1 Table of Contents Section 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 4 Section 2: FREQUENCY CHARTS ........................................................................................ 6 Section 3: RF CHARACTERISTICS OF BROADCAST TV SIGNALS ..................................... 28 Section 4: AMPLIFIER OUTPUT TILT ................................................................................. 37 Section 5: RF TAPS and PASSIVES CHARACTERISTICS ................................................... 42 Section 6: COAXIAL CABLE CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................. 64 Section 7: STANDARD HFC GRAPHIC SYMBOLS ............................................................. 72 Section 8: DTV STANDARDS WORLDWIDE ....................................................................... 80 Section 9: DIGITAL SIGNALS ............................................................................................ 90 Section 10: STANDARD DIGITAL INTERFACES ............................................................... 100 Section 11: DOCSIS SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................... 108 Section 12: FIBER CABLE CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................... -
Political Monitor No.6
Euro-Burma Office 1 to 11 February 2011 Political Monitor POLITICAL MONITOR NO. 6 THAN SHWE TO HEAD EXTRA-CONSTITUTIONAL “STATE SUPREME COUNCIL” Although the SPDC regime had indicated that it would hand over state power to President Thein Sein and his government, junta chief Senior-General Than Shwe has now revealed that he will personally lead a newly created council called the “State Supreme Council”, which, as its name implies, will be the most powerful body in the country, according to sources in Nay Pyi Taw. Two bodies have now emerged in the new government's administrative structure that observers say will have powers that reach—either directly or indirectly—above and beyond the powers of the new civilian executive and legislative branches. The first is the 8 member State Supreme Council, not mentioned in the 2008 Constitution. The second is the 11 member National Defence and Security Council (NDSC), which is in the 2008 Constitution and will be led by Thein Sein. “The State Supreme Council will become the highest body of the state. While it will assume an advisory role to guide the future governments, the body will be very influential,” says a source close to the military. The members of the State Supreme Council will include: 1 Sr-Gen Than Shwe former SPDC Chair (78) 2 V-Sr-Gen Maung Aye former SPDC Vice-Chair (74) Speaker, Pyithu 3 Thura Shwe Mann former SPDC member, General (64) Hluttaw 4 Thein Sein former SPDC Lt-Gen (66) President 5 Thiha Thura Tin Aung Myint Oo former General (61) Vice-President 6 Tin Aye former SPDC Member, Lt-Gen Ordinance A yet unidentified senior military 7 general A yet unidentified senior military 8 general As required by the 2008 Constitution, the NDSC will be made up of: 1. -
No 667/2005 of 28 April 2005 Amending Council Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 Renewing the Restrictive Measures in Respect of Burma/Myanmar
29.4.2005EN Official Journal of the European Union L 108/35 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 667/2005 of 28 April 2005 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 renewing the restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, (4) Article 12(b) of Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 empowers the Commission to amend Annexes III and IV on the Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European basis of decisions taken in respect of Annexes I and II Community, to Common Position 2004/423/CFSP (2), renewing restrictive measures against Burma/Myanmar. Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 of 26 April 2004 renewing the restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar (1), and in particular Article 12 thereof, (5) Common Position 2005/340/CFSP (3) amends Annexes I and II to Common Position 2004/423/CFSP. Annexes III Whereas: and IV to Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 should, therefore, be amended accordingly. In order to ensure (1) Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 lists the that the measures provided for in this Regulation are competent authorities to which specific functions effective, this Regulation must enter into force imme- related to the implementation of that regulation are diately, attributed. Article 12(a) of Regulation (EC) No 798/2004 empowers the Commission to amend Annex II on the basis of information supplied by Member States. HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: Belgium, Hungary, the Netherlands and Sweden have informed the Commission of changes regarding their competent authorities. Annex II to Regulation (EC) No Article 1 798/2004 should, therefore, be amended. -
Shan – Bamar – Buddhist – Military Officers – Maymyo – 1988 Uprising – SLORC – Courts – Written Notices – Bribery
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: MMR34750 Country: Myanmar Date: 19 May 2009 Keywords: Burma (Myanmar) – Shan – Bamar – Buddhist – Military officers – Maymyo – 1988 Uprising – SLORC – Courts – Written notices – Bribery This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. What is the status of the Shan and Bamar ethnic groups? 2. Is being a Buddhist consistent with being a military officer in the late 80’s/early 90’s? 3. Did the uprising in 1988 involve the town of May Myo and did it involve families of the military? 4. What is the SLORC? 5. Do courts, both civil and military issue written notices of charges issued to accused people and are written notices issued in respect of sentences handed down? 6. Do the military release people sentenced for long terms on the basis of being paid bribes? RESPONSE 1. What is the status of the Shan and Bamar ethnic groups? The ‘Burma Human Rights Yearbook 2007’ written by the Human Rights Documentation Unit of the National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma, a government-in-exile outside Burma, indicates that the Shan ethnic group is one of “the eight main ethnic families in Burma.” The yearbook also indicates that the Bamar ethnic minority is on “the SPDC [State Peace and Development Council] list of the 134 ‘officially’ recognized ethnic minorities from the eight main ethnic families in Burma.” The Bamar ethnic minority is one of the nine ethnic minorities from the Burman ethnic group.