Observing the Expansion of the Universe Using the Hubble Space
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Curriculum Vitae Brian P
Curriculum Vitae Brian P. Schmidt AC FAA FRS Address: Office of the Vice Chancellor The Australian National University Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia Birthdate: 24 February 1967, Missoula Montana USA Citizenship: United States of America and Australia Telephone: +61 2 6125 2510 email: [email protected] Academic Qualifications: 1993: Ph.D. in Astronomy, Harvard University 1992: A.M. in Astronomy, Harvard University 1989: B.S. in Physics, University of Arizona 1989: B.S. in Astronomy, University of Arizona PhD thesis: Type II Supernovae, Expanding Photospheres, and the Extragalactic Distance Scale – Supervisor: Robert P. Kirshner Research and other Interests: Observational Cosmology, Studies of Supernovae, Gamma Ray Bursts, Large Surveys, Photometry and Calibration, Extremely Metal Poor Stars, Exoplanet Discovery Public Policy in the Areas of Education, Science, and Innovation Vigneron and Grape Grower: Maipenrai Vineyard and Winery Academic Positions Held: 2016- Vice Chancellor and President, The Australian National University 2013-2015 Public Policy Fellow, Crawford School, The Australian National University 2010- Distinguished Professor, The Australian National University 2010-2015 Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow (ANU) 2005-2009 Australian Research Council Federation Fellow (ANU) 2003-2005 Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow, (ANU) 1999-2002 Fellow, The Australian National University (RSAA) 1997-1999 Research Fellow, The Australian National University (MSSSO) 1995-1996 Postdoctoral Fellow, The Australian National University -
Is the Universe Expanding?: an Historical and Philosophical Perspective for Cosmologists Starting Anew
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-1996 Is the Universe Expanding?: An Historical and Philosophical Perspective for Cosmologists Starting Anew David A. Vlosak Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Cosmology, Relativity, and Gravity Commons Recommended Citation Vlosak, David A., "Is the Universe Expanding?: An Historical and Philosophical Perspective for Cosmologists Starting Anew" (1996). Master's Theses. 3474. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3474 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IS THEUN IVERSE EXPANDING?: AN HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE FOR COSMOLOGISTS STAR TING ANEW by David A Vlasak A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements forthe Degree of Master of Arts Department of Philosophy Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 1996 IS THE UNIVERSE EXPANDING?: AN HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE FOR COSMOLOGISTS STARTING ANEW David A Vlasak, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1996 This study addresses the problem of how scientists ought to go about resolving the current crisis in big bang cosmology. Although this problem can be addressed by scientists themselves at the level of their own practice, this study addresses it at the meta level by using the resources offered by philosophy of science. There are two ways to resolve the current crisis. -
The Future of Spaceimaging
(NASA-CR-198818) THE FUTURE OF N95-31364 SPACE IMAGING. REPORT OF A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY OF AN ADVANCED CAMERA FOR THE HUBBLE Unclas SPACE TELESCOPE Final Technical Report (Space Telescope Science Inst.) 150 p G3/89 0055789 TheFuture of SpaceImaging hen Lyman Spitzer first proposed a great, earth-orbiting telescope in I946, the nudear energy source of stars had been known for just six years. Knowledge of galaxies beyond our own and the understanding that our universe is expanding were only about twenty years of age in the human consciousness. The planet Pluto was seventeen. Quasars, black holes, gravitational lenses, and detection of the Big Bang were still in the future--together with much of what constitutes our current un- derstanding of the solar system and the cosmos beyond it. In I993, forty- seven years after it was conceived in a forgotten milieu of thought, the Hubble Space Telescope is a reality. Today, the science of the Hubble attests to the forward momentum of astronomical exploration from ancient times. The qualities of motion and drive for knowledge it exemplifies are not fixed in an epoch or a generation: most of the astronomers using Hubble today were not born when the idea of it was first advanced, and many were in the early stages of their education when the glass for its mirror was cast, The commitments we make today to the future of the Hubble observatory will equip a new genera- tion of young men and women to explore the astro- nomical frontier at the start of the 2I st century. -
Universal Distance Scale E NCYCLOPEDIAOF a STRONOMYAND a STROPHYSICS
Universal Distance Scale E NCYCLOPEDIAOF A STRONOMYAND A STROPHYSICS Universal Distance Scale from key project Cepheid distances are surface brightness fluctuations in galaxies, the globular cluster luminosity The HUBBLE CONSTANT is the local expansion rate of the function, the planetary nebula luminosity function and the universe, local in space and local in time. The equation expanding photospheres method for type II supernovae. of uniform expansion is One-step methods v H r (1) = 0 Critics of both the above approaches point to the propagation of errors in a three-step ladder from where v is recession velocity and r is distance from the trigonometric parallaxes to Cepheids to secondary observer. To measure the proportionality constant, we distance indicators to H0. One-step methods to determine adopt a definition of the Hubble constant as the asymptotic H0 include GRAVITATIONAL LENSING of distant QUASARS value of the ratio of recession velocity to distance, in the by intervening mass concentrations, which results in limit that the effect of random velocities of galaxies is measurable phase delays between images of the time- negligible. In galactic structure the velocity of the local varying input signal from the source. Where these phase standard of rest has wider significance for the dynamics delays can be accurately determined, and when the model of the Milky Way than the velocity of the Sun. We have mass distribution can be uniquely inferred, they directly to abstract the Hubble constant from local motions in a lead to z/H0, where z is the REDSHIFT of the lens (Turner similar way. 1997). -
RECENT ADVANCES and ISSUES in Astronomy
RECENT ADVANCES AND ISSUES IN Astronomy Christopher G. De Pree Kevin Marvel Alan Axelrod GREENWOOD PRESS RECENT ADVANCES AND ISSUES IN Astronomy Recent Titles in the Frontiers of Science Series Recent Advances and Issues in Chemistry David E. Newton Recent Advances and Issues in Physics David E. Newton Recent Advances and Issues in Environmental Science Joan R. Callahan Recent Advances and Issues in Biology Leslie A. Mertz Recent Advances and Issues in Computers Martin K. Gay Recent Advances and Issues in Meteorology Amy J. Stevermer Recent Advances and Issues in the Geological Sciences Barbara Ransom and Sonya Wainwright Recent Advances and Issues in Molecular Nanotechnology David E. Newton Frontiers of Science Series RECENT ADVANCES AND ISSUES IN Astronomy Christopher G. De Pree, Kevin Marvel, and Alan Axelrod An Oryx Book GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data De Pree, Christopher Gordon. Recent advances and issues in astronomy / Christopher G. De Pree, Kevin Marvel, and Alan Axelrod. p. cm. “An Oryx Book” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1–57356–348–X (alk. paper) 1. Astronomy. I. Marvel, Kevin. II. Axelrod, Alan. III. Title. QB43.3.D4 2003 520—dc21 2002067831 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 2003 by Christopher G. De Pree, Kevin Marvel, and Alan Axelrod All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2002067831 ISBN: 1-57356-348-X First published in 2003 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. -
Observational Cosmology - 30H Course 218.163.109.230 Et Al
Observational cosmology - 30h course 218.163.109.230 et al. (2004–2014) PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 31 Oct 2013 03:42:03 UTC Contents Articles Observational cosmology 1 Observations: expansion, nucleosynthesis, CMB 5 Redshift 5 Hubble's law 19 Metric expansion of space 29 Big Bang nucleosynthesis 41 Cosmic microwave background 47 Hot big bang model 58 Friedmann equations 58 Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric 62 Distance measures (cosmology) 68 Observations: up to 10 Gpc/h 71 Observable universe 71 Structure formation 82 Galaxy formation and evolution 88 Quasar 93 Active galactic nucleus 99 Galaxy filament 106 Phenomenological model: LambdaCDM + MOND 111 Lambda-CDM model 111 Inflation (cosmology) 116 Modified Newtonian dynamics 129 Towards a physical model 137 Shape of the universe 137 Inhomogeneous cosmology 143 Back-reaction 144 References Article Sources and Contributors 145 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 148 Article Licenses License 150 Observational cosmology 1 Observational cosmology Observational cosmology is the study of the structure, the evolution and the origin of the universe through observation, using instruments such as telescopes and cosmic ray detectors. Early observations The science of physical cosmology as it is practiced today had its subject material defined in the years following the Shapley-Curtis debate when it was determined that the universe had a larger scale than the Milky Way galaxy. This was precipitated by observations that established the size and the dynamics of the cosmos that could be explained by Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. -
Women in Astronomy: an Introductory Resource Guide
Women in Astronomy: An Introductory Resource Guide by Andrew Fraknoi (Fromm Institute, University of San Francisco) [April 2019] © copyright 2019 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. For permission to use, or to suggest additional materials, please contact the author at e-mail: fraknoi {at} fhda {dot} edu This guide to non-technical English-language materials is not meant to be a comprehensive or scholarly introduction to the complex topic of the role of women in astronomy. It is simply a resource for educators and students who wish to begin exploring the challenges and triumphs of women of the past and present. It’s also an opportunity to get to know the lives and work of some of the key women who have overcome prejudice and exclusion to make significant contributions to our field. We only include a representative selection of living women astronomers about whom non-technical material at the level of beginning astronomy students is easily available. Lack of inclusion in this introductory list is not meant to suggest any less importance. We also don’t include Wikipedia articles, although those are sometimes a good place for students to begin. Suggestions for additional non-technical listings are most welcome. Vera Rubin Annie Cannon & Henrietta Leavitt Maria Mitchell Cecilia Payne ______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents: 1. Written Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 2. Written Resources on Issues Women Face 3. Web Resources on the History of Women in Astronomy 4. Web Resources on Issues Women Face 5. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past: Annie Cannon Margaret Huggins Nancy Roman Agnes Clerke Henrietta Leavitt Vera Rubin Williamina Fleming Antonia Maury Charlotte Moore Sitterly Caroline Herschel Maria Mitchell Mary Somerville Dorrit Hoffleit Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Beatrice Tinsley Helen Sawyer Hogg Dorothea Klumpke Roberts 6. -
Cosmic Search Issue 06 Page 32
North American AstroPhysical Observatory (NAAPO) Cosmic Search: Issue 6 (Volume 2 Number 2; Spring (Apr., May, June) 1980) [Article in magazine started on page 32] ABCs of Space By: John Kraus A. How Do You Harness a Black Hole? Nowadays universities have astronomy departments, aeronautical engineering departments and even astronautical engineering departments. As yet, however, I am not aware of any astro-engineering departments. But some day there may be and what kind of courses might be offered? Probably ones on the mining of asteroids, construction of space habitats and even possibly one on "Harnessing of Black Holes." A first consideration regarding the last item would be data on critical distances and strategies on how to approach a black hole without falling in. A second consideration would be a discussion of how a black hole is a potential source of great amounts of energy if you go at it right. And finally, the instructor would probably get down to the details of the astroengineering required with blueprints of a design and calculations of the expected power generating capability. This may sound a bit futuristic and it is, but the famous text "Gravitation" by Charles Misner, Kip Thorne and John Wheeler includes a hypothetical example about how an advanced civilization could construct a rigid platform around a black hole and build a city on the platform. The discussion goes on to say that every day garbage trucks carry a million tons of garbage collected from all over the city to a dump point where the garbage goes into special containers which are then dropped one after the other down toward the black hole at the center of the city. -
The EMU View of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Troubles for Sub-Tev Wimps
Prepared for submission to JCAP The EMU view of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Troubles for sub-TeV WIMPs Marco Regis,a;b Javier Reynoso-Cordova,a;b Miroslav D. Filipovi´c,c Marcus Br¨uggen,d Ettore Carretti,e Jordan Collier,f;c Andrew M. Hopkins,g;c Emil Lenc,h Umberto Maio,i Joshua R. Marvil,l Ray P. Norris,c;h and Tessa Vernstromm aDipartimento di Fisica, Universit`adi Torino, via P. Giuria 1, I{10125 Torino, Italy bIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, via P. Giuria 1, I{10125 Torino, Italy cWestern Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC, NSW 2751, Aus- tralia dUniversity of Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany eINAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy f University of Cape Town, The Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astron- omy (IDIA), Department of Astronomy, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa gAustralian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, 105 Delhi Rd, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia hCSIRO, Space and Astronomy, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia iINAF - Italian National Institute for Astrophysics, Observatory of Trieste, via G. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy lNational Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA mCSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Kensington Perth 6151, Australia Abstract. We present a radio search for WIMP dark matter in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We make use of a recent deep image of the LMC obtained from obser- arXiv:2106.08025v1 [astro-ph.HE] 15 Jun 2021 vations of the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), and processed as part of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) survey. -
AAS Newsletter (ISSN 8750-9350) Is Amateur
AASAAS NNEWSLETTEREWSLETTER March 2003 A Publication for the members of the American Astronomical Society Issue 114 President’s Column Caty Pilachowski, [email protected] Inside The State of the AAS Steve Maran, the Society’s Press Officer, describes the January meeting of the AAS as “the Superbowl 2 of astronomy,” and he is right. The Society’s Seattle meeting, highlighted in this issue of the Russell Lecturer Newsletter, was a huge success. Not only was the venue, the Reber Dies Washington State Convention and Trade Center, spectacular, with ample room for all of our activities, exhibits, and 2000+ attendees at Mt. Stromlo Observatory 3 Bush fires in and around the Council Actions the stimulating lectures in plenary sessions, but the weather was Australian Capital Territory spectacular as well. It was a meeting packed full of exciting science, have destroyed much of the 3 and those of us attending the meeting struggled to attend as many Mt. Stromlo Observatory. Up- Election Results talks and see as many posters as we could. Many, many people to-date information on the stopped me to say what a great meeting it was. The Vice Presidents damage and how the US 4 and the Executive Office staff, particularly Diana Alexander, deserve astronomy community can Astronomical thanks from us all for putting the Seattle meeting together. help is available at Journal www.aas.org/policy/ Editor to Retire Our well-attended and exciting meetings are just one manifestation stromlo.htm. The AAS sends its condolences to our of the vitality of the AAS. Worldwide, our Society is viewed as 8 Australian colleagues and Division News strong and vigorous, and other astronomical societies look to us as stands ready to help as best a model for success. -
MEASURING the HUBBLE CONSTANT with the HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE† W.L.Freedman,R.C.Kennicutt&J.R.Mould
Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 15 XXVIIth IAU General Assembly, August 2009 c International Astronomical Union 2010 Ian F. Corbett, ed. doi:10.1017/S1743921310008148 MEASURING THE HUBBLE CONSTANT WITH THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE† W.L.Freedman,R.C.Kennicutt&J.R.Mould Abstract. Ten years ago our team completed the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the extragalactic distance scale. Cepheids were detected in some 25 galaxies and used to calibrate four secondary distance indicators that reach out into the expansion field beyond the noise −1 −1 of galaxy peculiar velocities. The result was H0 =72± 8kms Mpc and put an end to galaxy distances uncertain by a factor of two. This work has been awarded the Gruber Prize in Cosmology for 2009. 1. Introduction Our story begins in the mid-1980s with community-wide discussions on Key Projects for the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The extragalactic distance scale was the perfect example of a project that would be awarded a generous allocation of time in order that vital scientific goals would be accomplished even if the lifetime of the telescope proved to be short. As Marc Aaronson (Figure 1), the original principal investigator of the project, said in his Pierce Prize Lecture in 1985, “The distance scale path has been a long and torturous one, but with the imminent launch of HST there is good reason to believe that the end is finally in sight.” Figure 1. Jeremy Mould (left) and Marc Aaronson (right) at the van Biesbroeck Prize award ceremony in 1981. Marc Aaronson died tragically in an accident in 1987, having written a successful proposal for the Key Project, a project designed to shrink the scatter shown in Figure 2 to 10% and put an end to 60 years of debate, commencing with Hubble’s estimates in 1929. -
IAU Information Bulletin No. 104
CONTENTS IAU Information Bulletin No. 104 Preface ..................................................................................................................... 4 1. EVENTS & DEADLINES ............................................................ 5 2. REMINISCENCES OF PAST IAU PRESIDENTS ............... 7 2.1. Adriaan Blaauw, 18th IAU President, 1976 - 1979 ............................ 7 2.2. Jorge Sahade, 21st IAU President, 1985 - 1988 .............................. 10 2.3. Yoshihide Kozai, 22nd IAU President, 1988 - 1991 ....................... 12 2.4. Lodewijk Woltjer, 24th President, 1994 - 1997 ................................. 14 2.5. Robert P. Kraft, 25th IAU President, 1997 - 2000 .......................... 15 2.6. Franco Pacini, 26th President, 2000 - 2003 ...................................... 16 3. IAU EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 3.1. Officers’ Meeting 2009-1, Paris, France, 6 April 2009 .................... 18 3.2. 85th Executive Committee Meeting, Paris, France, 7 - 8 April 2009 18 4. THE EC WORKING GROUP ON THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY 2009 4.1. Status report ......................................................................................... 20 5. IAU GENERAL ASSEMBLIES 5.1. IAU XXVII General Assembly, 3-14 August 2009, Rio de .......... 24 Janeiro, Brazil 5.1.1. Inaugural Ceremony, First Session, Second Session and ................. 24 Closing Ceremony 5.1.2. Proposal for modification of Statutes and Bye-Laws ....................... 27 5.1.2.1 Proposal for modification of Statutes ...............................................