Palmer, one pair of meadow mice pro- Geronimo Controversy Spreads . . . duces an average of 17 litters a year, Hamburg, Germany each litter averaging six mice. Since Desert: the minimum breeding age for mice is 45 days, there is a possioiiity of more 1 had the most welcome opportunity than 1,000,000 descendants for that to receive a copy of your Desert Maga- one pair of mice at the end of one zine, the contents of which impressed Tables for Picnics Enroute . . . year! me greatly. Long Beach, California An Audubon leaflet reports that one On reading your articles, memories Desert: barn owl on the farm will kill more of my own happy past came to life, for On a 7300-mile motor trip across mice than a dozen cats. I too learned to love the great Ameri- the country and back last summer, we MRS. EDITH L. ST. CYR can Southwest during my wanderings passed through many slates. We were coo in Arizona, New Mexico and South- delighted to use the roadside tables Live and Let Live . . . ern California. This was many, many provided by the highway commissions Corvallis, Oregon years ago. Times have changed, and in nearly all of these states as well as Desert: much of the American desert country in Canada. "Birds of Prey—Do They Deserve may look different now than it did in "Table ahead" signs were posted a Extinction?" NO, absolutely NO! my time. But to me it will always re- mile before the picnic area was reached. God put every creature on this earth main the awe-inspiring country of The tables were in shady places along for a purpose. Is it man's province to mysterious beauty in which there are the highway; if not in natural shade, kill these beings—and destroy the bal- no limitations of time or space. they stood next to buildings or under ance? Already many animal species 1 was interested in the comments of constructed covering. Often there were are extinct for wholesale slaughter of Eleanor Hodgson concerning the an- barbecue facilities and wood for cook- their kind. cestry of the Apache Chief Geronimo. ing. A garbage can alv/ays stood handy I say live and let live. Both Miss Hodgson and Angelo Doxa for trash, and, surprisingly perhaps, ANNA C. BOSTWICK are wrong. Geronimo, or "Goyathlay" the garbage was "canned." The a • • (The Yawning One) had not a drop ground:; were neat and free of rubbish. Desert Field Trip Fans . . . of Greek blood in him. When one Used? Many times we had to pass Capistrano Beach, California takes the time to read Geronimo's auto- several tables before we found one Desert: biography, written at Fort Sill, Okla- vacant. We saw travelers having break- Occasionally—every third month or homa, he will know that Geronimo fast, lunch and supper, or just resting so—could you please clip away the was a full blooded Ncdni-Bedonkohe out in the open air. field trip stories and maps before send- Apache (Chiricahua) who was born Calilornia seems to be one of the ing Desert to my roommate? Each in 1829 in No-doyohn Canyon, Ari- states which as yet have not established month when your magazine arrives, zona. such roadside way places. Wouldn't she tears away the envelope and ten His father was Taklishin (The Grey it be grand if our own state would pro- minutes later is ready for a trip. vide such conveniences for the motor- One), chief of the Ncdni tribe, while The October number packed six of his mother, Juana, was a full blooded ing public? us off to Beatty, Nevada, where we MR. AND MRS. E. N. JONES Bedonkohc. Maco, his father-in-law, found our first geodes. While there was chief of this tribe. • a o we met a young rockhound. We told Barn Owl Worth 12 Cats . . . him our next stop was the volcanic The statements made by Miss Hodg- tear field written about in the Septem- son and Mr. Doxa caused some con- Red House, Nevada sternation among German ethnologists, Desert ber, 1950, Desert. He told us to stop at Slim Riggs' service station 36 miles and 1 had the rather unique experience I an very glad you printed Mr. to receive countless requests from all Bradt's article and pictures on birds of north of Beatty, where the road to Scotty's Castle begins and ask Slim over Germany demanding that I conic prey. ''Do they deserve extinction?" to the defense of Geronimo's real In- he asks. Certainly everyone seems bent about the tears. We did, and were di- rected to an area covered with them. dian ancestry! I did so, and my short on exterminating them — from the articles were well received. farmer who loses a chicken, to the We only gathered those the size of so-called sportsman who kills anything walnuts or larger. May 1 say again how much I enjoy just for the killing. Desert for May, 1950, added many the few copies of Desert which I re- For years I have defended these beautiful Wonderstone pebbles to our ceive. My heart is still in the American birds, pointing out their value in elim- collection. That same Desert told us Southwest, although I now am living inating pesky field mice, rattlesnakes of the "Farm House" where we had in a cold country where the beauties and the like. My words seem to avail a marvelous meal and a pleasant visit of Cholla, of the Purple Hedgehog, of little. As far as 1 can determine, the with Mrs. Hallie Jones. Next day Mrs. the Arizona Barrel, the Prickly Pear, schools fail to teach much of anything Jones took us to the canal bank, where the California Poppy and the Purple about wildlife or conservation; hence we found petrified wood. She also Sage are unknown. the great ignorance about these things. gave us some specimens of petrified May I mention that I am active in Perhaps some facts would interest bone from Frenchman's Flat, now off affairs concerning ethnological studies your readers. limits to rockhounds because of atom pertaining to the history and folklore E. Laurence Palmer of Cornell Uni- bomb testing. of the North American Indians? I am versity, wrote for the 1937 Rural Our hunting time almost spent, we founder and leader of the "Mato-ska School Leaflet in an article entitled hurried home—only to find the No- Society of Friends of the North Amc;:- "Are They Vermin": "A conservative vember Desert in the mail box! Now can Indians." As an honorary chief of estimate states that each hawk or owl my roommate is talking me into a the Ogalalas, I am in close contact with in the state of New York kills an aver- drive to Leadfield cave. At my age I some of my old Indian friends. Our age of 1000 mice a year, a saving of don't know how long I can keep this Society was named in honor of Chief at least 20 to 30 dollars to the farmer up—but please don't hold back any White Bear (Mato-ska) of the Ogalala whose property it selects for its home." of our Deserts! Sioux. According to data collected by Dr. BLANCHE BRADBURY DR. OSCAR C. PFAUS

DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CALENDAR December !il-January 1—Annual Peg- leg Smith Lost Gold Trek and Liars' Contest. Borrego Valley, California. January 1—New Year's Grand Sla- lom, Flagstaff, Arizona. January 1—Ceremonial dance at Taos Pueblo; Comanche dancers in Plaza of Rancho de Taos, New Mexico. January 1-31 — Special exhibit of paintings by the late Alfredo Ramos Martinez of Mexico. Southwest Museum Los Angeles, California. January 1-31—Annual winter exhibi- tions at Harwood Foundation, La Fonda da Taos and Blue Door Art Galleries. Taos, New Mexico. Volume 15 JANUARY, 1952 Number 1 January 2, 3—Twelfth Annual Palm Springs Rodeo, Polo Grounds, Palm Springs, California. January 2-5—Arizona National Live- COVER DESERT SUNSET, by Hubert A. Lowman, stock Show, Phoenix, Arizona. Covina, California January 6--Ceremonial dance follow- LETTERS Comment from Deseri's leaders; 2 ing inauguration of new governor at Taos Pueblo, New Mexico. CALENDAR January events on the desert 3 January 6--Don's Club Apache Trail PHOTOGRAPHY Pictures of the Month 4 Trek, from Phoenix, Arizona. January 6—Southern California chap- ARCHEOLOGY We Found the Lost Indian Cave of the San Martins ter of Sierra Club hike to Mt. By RICHARD VAN VALKENBURGH . . . 5 Harvard via Henninger Flats, Cali- fornia. WRITERS Prize awards in Desert Magazine's "Life on the January 6—King's Day and buffalo Desert" Contest or deer dance at Taos Pueblo, Taos, HISTORY Forgotten Mill of the Joshuas New Mexico. January 10, 24—Desert Sun Ranchers By EVALYN SLACK GIST Guest jolf tournament, Wicken- FIELD TRIP Fossil Leaves From an Ancient Nevada Forest burg Country Club, Wickenburg, 12 Arizona. By HAROLD O. WEIGHT January 12 — Southern California CONTEST Picture of the Month Announcement .... 17 chapter of Sierra Club moonlight HISTORY Forsaken 80 Years, Mission Still Lives hike to San Dimas Canyon, Cali- 18 fornia. By BEULA M. WADSWORTH January 12, 1?—Flagstaff Chamber INTEGRITY Code of Honor in Utah of Commerce Snow Carnival and 20 Fiesta, Flagstaff, Arizona. By HAROLD GLUCK January 12, 13—Southern California ADVENTURE Deep Sea Diver on the Desert chapter of Sierra Club hike to By M. G. MASTIN 21 Chino Canyon, California. January 11, 20—15th annual Border LOST MINE The Lost Shotgun Mine Golf Tournament (Open). Interna- By GUS WIRT 23 tional Golf Club, Calexico, Cali- DESERT QUIZ 24 fornia. A test of your desert knowledge January 13 -- Desert Sun Ranchers INDIANS Kayba Sells Her First Rug Rodeo, Slash Bar K Ranch, Wicken- By SANDY HASSELL 25 burg. Arizona. CHRISTMAS Desert Christmas, Prize winning story January l.'S -- Don's Club Trek to 27 Wickenburg Dude Ranches, from By VIVIENNE L. GEORGE Phoenix. Arizona. 28 POETRY The Desert in Poetry January 13—Bandollero tour to Tina- 29 jas Altai from Yuma, Arizona. CLOSE-UPS About those who write for Desert January 20 -- Benefit Horse Show, MINING 30 Sheriff's Posse Corral. Tucson, Ari- Current news of desert mines 31 zona. NEWS Here and There on the Desert January 23-27 — Tucson Open Golf HOBBY 37 Tournament, Fl Rio Country Club, Gems and Minerals 41 Tucson, Arizona. LAPIDARY Amateur Gem Cutter, by LELANDE QUICK . . January 21-27—Phoenix Open Golf COMMENT 42 Tournament, Phoenix. Arizona. Just Between You and Me, by the Editor . . . BOOKS 43 January 2:i — St. Paul's Day Cere- Reviews of Southwestern literature monial and dances, Taos Pueblo, Taos, New Mexico. January 27 - - Don's Club Trek to e Desert Magazine is published monthly by the Desert Press, Inc. Palm Desert, Pima Indiar Reservation, from nia. ito-onUTod as second class matter .lul 7. 1948, at tlie post office at Palm Desert, Phoenix. Arizona. Cali ft nia, under the Act of March 3, L879. Til egistered No. 358865 in f. S. Patent Office. 7 and ( ntents copyrighted 10.12 by the Desert Press, inc. Permission to reproduce contents January 2 — Desert Sun Ranchers secured from the editor in writing. Rodeo at Remuda Ranch, Wicken- RANDALL HENDERSON, Editor BESS STACY, Business Manager burg, Arizona. MARTIN MOHAN. Circulation Manager I-:. II. VAN NOSTRAND, Advertising January 26, 27—Desert Peaks section Los Angeles Office (Advertising Only): ^(>:'>r> Adelbert Ave., Phone Normandy 3-1509 of Southern California chapter, Si- Unsolicited manuscripts and photographs submitted cannot he returned or acknowledged ena Club, climb in Rodman Moun- unless full return postage is enclosed. Desert Magazine assumes no responsibility for tains, California. damage or loss of manuscripts or photographs although dne care will he exercised. Sub- January 27 — Sierra Club, Southern scribers should send notice of change of address by the first of the month preceding issue. SUBSCRIPTION KATES California chapter, climb of Jose- One Vear $3.50 Two Years $(>.o(( phine Peak, California. Canadian Subscriptions 25c Rxtra, Foreign 50c Bxtra January 2S—State Eagles' Convention. Subscriptions to Army Personnel Outside U. s. A. .Must lie Mailed in Conformity With Yuma. Arizona. I', o. D. Order No. 19687 Address Correspondence lo hesert Magazine, Palm Desert, California

JANUARY, 1952 ••.••. • .- • • • •.. • . :

.»••• ' : v ••••••.i.. '•••.. :• -•- •

% :, .'••-••• /••• ••••'•''•:'"'•'•'• • • Pictures of the Month

Indian Oiks... Water vessels of the ancients, found in a desert cave in broken pieces—and pains- takingly patched together. Photograph taken by Helen Schwartz of Pasadena, California.

Elephant Rock... One of the amazing formations found in Nevada's Valley of fire north of Las Vegas. This weird stone structure is the result of thousands of years of erosion. Photograph by Hubert Lowman, South Gate, California.

DESERT MAGAZINE /frcw.v /<•; //«' cave /.s //•United States. We Found the Lost Indian Cave of the San Martins

Whan the medicine men of ths I'alliklik tribe ci California Indians saw their psopls turning away from their na'.ive gods in favor of the new religious forms brought to tham by the Spanish parlres; they were determined to presarvs the symbols of their own primitive faith—and so they hid their feather rebss, ceremonial wands and magic blades of obsiiian in a rsmcte cave in the mountains which border the California desert. Here thoy remained for nearly 100 years—until the discovery, reported in this story. By RICHARD VAN VALKENBURGH Photographs by George L. Pagan Map by Norton Allen

UCKED HIGH in a ledge slant- engaged in archeological work in Piru With this information I immediately ing across a wind and water Canyon drainage. It happened while contacted Dr. John P. Harrington, 7 scoured face of a desert ridge I was camped on the old I'alliklik In- ethnologist of the Smithsonian Insti- within sight of Castaic Junction in dian rancheria of T'akwishbit, "Place tution. Together we went to Fillmore, northwest Los Angeles county, Cali- of Ball Lightning." and from Everett Pyle, then in his fornia, is a cave from which came some One evening while looking over the 80's, we heard the story of the Cave of the most famous Indian material arrowpoints, bone and wood artifacts, of the San Martins. ever to be discovered in the United and basketry fragments which had During the 1880's Everett and his States. been dug from a cave in nearby Hazel brother McCoy lived with their mother While archeologists knew that the Canyon, William W. Lechlcr, who had Mandy Pyle in Mud Springs Canyon only mounted "perforated stones" ever lived in the canyon since the days of three miles northwest of present Cas- to be discovered in the United States the Indians, casually remarked: taic Junction. When not helping with came from the region, they had never the bees and livestock the boys spent been able to locate the cave from '"This is pretty good stuff. But the their time hunting through the nearby whence they came. Their only clue was greatest Indian find ever to be made a statement by Dr. Stephen Bowers, around here was many years ago by canyons and ridges. the collector who handled the material, the Pyle boys. They got baskets as big May 2, 1884, McCoy went west- ". . . from a cave in the San Martin as washtubs; feathered robes, and clubs ward over the old Indian trail toward mountains in Los Angeles County." made of wood and stone in the San the San Martins to look for deer. My first lead to the location of the Martins. Everett Pyle is still alive and Picking his way upward along the cave came some years ago while I was lives in Fillmore!" sandstone scarps he went over the apex

JANUARY, 1952 of the ridge and started down the south slope. Fifty feet below the summit he spied a black opening in a nearby ledge. Working across the crumbly face McCoy reached the lip of the cave. Hoisting himself inside he looked into the shadows. Before him, partially covered with dust, lay many Indian baskets ranging from small asphalt covered water jugs to giants three feet in diameter! McCoy looked into the baskets. He saw feather robes and headresses cun- ningly woven with flicker and condor feathers. There were also four finely shoped stone ax heads, and assorted ceremonial obsidian knife blades and some crystals. But most important of all were four ceremonial wands or scepters. Shaped like doughnuts these perforated stones were decorated with red ochre designs, and were mounted on their original wooden handles with asphaltum, the waterproofing and glue of southern California's primitive Indians. McCoy hurried back to the ranch and broke the news to Everett. To- gether they rounded up a couple burros and returned to the San Martins. After several trips to the cave the boys finally

Across the Rio Santa Clara from the entrance to the cave of the San Martins once stood the San Francisco Javier assistancia of the Mission San Fernando Rey. In the picture is George Lechler who gave Harrington and Van Vaiken- burgh a lead which led to the re- discovery of the cave. After his discovery of the Indian Ceremonial cache in 1884 McCoy Pyle left his record on the wall of the cavern. Initials on the right are those of Frank M. Neal, half brother of Pyle, who is believed to have been the last man to visit the cave until its recent re-discovery by Richard Van Vaikenburgh and companions.

DESERT MAGAZINE had all of the treasure safely stored in These two specimens of the rare and started up a small canyon which the milk house at the ranch. "perforated stones" in their moun- Everett called the "Cove." It happened that Stephen Bowers tains on exhibit at the Los Angeles One mile's twisting drive on the was in the region looking for Indian County Museum. Smithsonian In- dirt road brought us to the base of a relics. Hearing of the Pyle discovery stitution drawing. ragged ridge. Looking up, we esti- he hurried over to Mud Springs Can- mated that the summit was 1000 feet yon. He purchased the collection for above. After checking the landmarks $1500. Everett reminisced, ". . . that given us by Everett we were sure that seemed like all of the money in the we had located the elusive San Martins. world — it was like finding a gold Scanning the area below the eastern mine." pitch of the ridge we soon located the Bowers sold part of the collection, wild cherry tree that had been given including the ceremonial wands, to us as a marker. Slipping on our haver- Professor F. W. Putnum of the Pea- sacks and canteens we broke through body Museum, Harvard University. the heavy growth of sage and started What happened to the rest of the ma- to climb the ridge." terial is not known. Bowers sold In- We found the base of the San Mar- dian artifacts to museums all over the tins to be composed of a conglomerate World. predominately of fossilized oyster and Upon examining the material Henry pectin shell. We soon learned that this W. Henshaw of the Smithsonian Insti- tricky formation which may be wonder- tution wrote, "While perforated stones ful country for rockhounds, made have been rather commonly found in tough climbing. southern California, these are the only At the end of a 30-minute climb we ones ever found in the United States reached a level space 75 feet below the mounted on their original handles. summit. We took our bearings. The "After careful consideration of these lone wild cherry was a stone's throw implements, I am convinced that their across a ravine. Then we got the right peculiarities accord best with the idea angle. Under a ledge to the left of the that they were the property of medi- tree the Cave of the San Martins cine men, or conjurers, and were prob- opened in the chrome colored sand- ably used in dances, superstitious cere- stone like a distorted mouth. monies, such as rain making, curing Detouring the dangerous traverse the sick, etc." direct to the cave we climbed to the Bidding Everett goodbye John and I summit. From there the whole country headed for the San Martins. From spread out before us. To the west— Castaic Junction we traveled south- the peaks of San Cayetano poked up west down the Santa Clara River over through the clouds drifting in from the Highway 126. Then we turned north sea. Beyond—lay the Padres National JANUARY, 1952 Forest, the habitat of California's giant 'fill. Starting at the front we worked They were Verde black on gray of condors. back with trowels and brushes. When the 13th century! Eastward—in the land of the long we finished, we knew a lot more about Coupled with the Pyle discovery of gone Vanuyme Indians—the headings the Indians who had left their treasures diorite stone axes, one of which was of the Rio Santa Clara fingered up- there over 100 years before. still in the possession of Everett, it ward through Bouquet, Mint, and Sole- Small blue and rose colored glass seems^Aat the I'alliklik had trade con- dad Canyons. Above, the heat waves beads found just below the surface told tacts t&ft reached eastward beyond the shimmered upward from the desert to us that the cache found by McCoy had Colorado River. Probably they traded fade into the blue-black dome of the been placed in the cave around 1800 sea shells from the nearby coast for the Sierra Pelona. A.D. The lack of hearths told us that worked stone and pottery of Arizona? After a few moments' rest we started the cave had not been used for per- When John and I finished our work our descent to the cave. Finding foot manent living, but as a hideaway. we rested on the lip of the cave and and handholds on occasional clumps Three pottery sherds of black dec- watched the casual shifting of the sum- of sage we braked our downward mo- oration on gray ware turned up on the mer's sunlight into the misty blue of mentum until until we reached the lower levels. Sharply contrasting with twilight. As I looked into the deepen- mouth of the cavern. the local Mojave desert red and gray ing green shadow that was the Rio When we jumped over the lip we plainwares, these sherds were later Santa Clara my thoughts shifted back saw that it was not a large cave. The identified by the School of American over a hundred years to the pageant of mouth was 21 feet across; the dome Research in Santa Fe, New Mexico. what had happened passed before me. was 10 feet from the floor; and it ran back into the conglomerate 16 feet. A glance at the fire-blackened ceiling told us that the cave had known hu- man habitation. Selected in,

According to Richard Van t&e detent" (fattest After careful consideration, Desert Valkenburgh, who is recognized CAVE FIRE ROUTED GROUP as an authority on archeolog- Magazine staff judges awarded first place in the "Life on the Desert" Con- OF PREHISTORIC INDIANS ical subjects, there are many test to VIVIENNE L. GEORGE of Chats- At about the time that ancient Rome theories as to the purpose for worth, California. Miss George wins burned, another much smaller fire which the prehistoric Indians the $25 cash prize for her warmly hu- routed a group of Mongollons, a pre- made the "perforated stones" man story, "Desert Christmas," which historic tribe of Indians, from their appears in this issue. described in this story. Richard cave home in Western New Mexico. The Mongollons had inhabited the says: "It is my contention that A number of other manuscripts so pleased the panel of judges that the area for more than 1000 years prior they were used for various pur- decision was made to purchase them to the fire. poses; ceremonial when made for use in future Deserts. Receiving Rome burned in 60 A.D. In the of steatite and serpentine, and $15 each for their entries were: summer of 1951, archeologists from decorated; digging stick CHARLES BATTYE of San Bernardino, the Chicago Natural History Museum weights; weights for nets; the California, for "Grief, Gratitude and sifted from the ashes and dust of the Gold," a true Indian tale. cave floor a story of 3000 years of smaller ones for weights on culture in the southwest. Dr. Paul S. drills, etc. I rather doubt if they PHYLLIS W. HEALD of Portal, Arizona, Martin, chief curator of anthropology were used as weapons, for the for "Modern Hopi," the biography at the museum and leader of the expe- of an Indian woman caught between war club of this area generally "modern" and "ancient" ways of dition, has issued a report on the was a hunk of hard wood, usu- life. group's findings. The cave, now called ally a knot." Cordova Cave, is large and defensible, REEVE SPENCER KELLEY of Albuquer- though far from water supply.—The que, New Mexico, for his amusing Mineralogist. story of "Betty" the peach fork and • • • her owner, Ed Salby the water di- Suddenly John called out, "Van, CONRAD WIRTH APPOINTED Everett sure gave us the right dope. viner. NATIONAL PARKS DIRECTOR There is no question that this is the WALTER H. KOCH of Salt Lake City, cave where McCoy made his discovery. Utah, whose exciting narrative fol- Conrad L. Wirth, who has served There are some inscriptions here carved lowed a boat trip down the San Juan with the National Park Service since in the sandstone and among them is and Colorado Rivers. 1931, has succeeded Arthur E. Dema- "MAC—1884"! ray as director of the service. Dema- BILL MOORE of Twentynine Palms, ray's retirement ended a Federal gov- At the same time my toe caught on California, for "Search for a Shack," ernment career extending over 48 Vi something just below the powdery sur- the chronicle of his homesteading years. The appointment was announced face of the floor. Looking down I saw experiences. by Secretary of the Interior Oscar that it was a large fragment of asphalt EDNA C. PRICE of Idyllwild, California, L. Chapman, who also announced coated basketry. Then I remembered for "Christmas Comes to Binney," Thomas J. Allen is a new assistant that Everett had said, "We left a big the story of a forlorn "bindle stiff's" director. The position of associate di- basket in the cave because it was return to self-respect. rector has been abolished. Hillory A. crumpled." Congratulations to the winners! Des- Tolson is designated as senior assistant This discovery told us that we might ert Magazine readers will be seeing director and will serve as director when learn more if we probed into the floor their stories in later issues. Wirth is absent. 8 DESERT MAGAZINE /;;.$ is believed to be the ruins of one of the old mill buildings, designed to make paper pulp from the Joshua trees.

More than once in the last century- industrialists have cast covetous eyes toward the great Forgotten Mill Joshua forest which extends over much of California's Mojave desert. Experiments have been conducted in many laboratories of the Joshuas in an effort io find a commercial use for the wood. Here is the story of one experiment which By EVALYN SLACK GIST failed, and there are many who will share the author's feeling that failure in this instance was SINGLE paragraph in an old To one who has watched and loved a fortunate circumstance. botany book gave me the first the desert for over 30 years, the sug- clue to a scheme which many gestion of denuding the desert of its years ago threatened to rob the west- Joshua trees to make paper was a ern desert of its Joshua trees. In Wild- sacrilege. I wanted to know more. flowers of California by Mary Eliza- A search of the old history books cultural College in Corvallis, Oregon, beth Parsons, published in 1913, I in the libraries of Los Angeles and read: brought me a copy of an article pub- Sacramento brought to light some lished in 1891, containing a brief ref- "Joshua wood furnishes excellent rather vague information. erence to the Joshua tree in relation material for paper pulp and some years Persistent inquiries unearthed other to paper. ago an English company established a facts. A letter to Lord Camrose and mill near Ravenna in Soledad Canyon Piecing together the information Arthur E. Watson, proprietor and edi- from these and other sources I was Pass, for its manufacture. It is said tor of the London Daily Telegram, able to reconstruct the story as fol- several editions of the London Journal turned up nothing cf importance since lows: were printed upon it but owing to cost their records had been destroyed. An- About 1870, experiments led a few of manufacture the enterprise was other to the Congressional Library in abandoned," optimistic people in California to put Washington, D. C., was slightly more value on the Joshua trees, not for their That was all I had to go on. successful. An inquiry to the Agri- strange appearance and wax-like bios- JANUARY, 1952 Joshua forest on California's Mojave desert. soms, but as a possible source of paper. Great quantities were shredded, com- on the Colorado River, built about Finally the Atlantic and Pacific pressed and baled for shipment to 1871, which worked up Yucca stems Fiber Company of London, England, London where the pulp was to be and leaves into paper pulp. After established in 1884, with Colonel Gay turned into paper. shipping large quantities of both brown and a Mr. Payne as managers and J. At the District Agricultural Fair and white paper, the mill closed and A. Graves of Los Angeles as attorney, which took place in Southern California reopened a couple of times before the came into the picture. They acquired the latter part of October a year later, venture finally was abandoned. 5200 acres of Joshua covered land in there was an exhibit of shredded Another publication, in November, the Antelope Valley of California for Joshua wood and several good sized 1894, gave three more uses of the the purpose of converting the trees logs, brought in from the Mojave des- Joshua tree, facetiously referring to into paper. They also contracted to ert. Manufacture of products from them as "monkey-puzzle trees" since furnish the London Daily Telegraph Joshua trees was heralded as a "new it would puzzle a monkey to climb with Joshua tree paper. industry." one. It mentioned a factory making Just why a London firm should cast It was stated that the manufacture tree protectors and told of a Los An- covetous eyes on the California Joshua of excellent quality paper from Joshua geles concern manufacturing Joshua tree is anyone's guess. trees growing on the Mojave desert tree surgeon splints. It went on to The land was located between Al- was being tested at the Lick Paper describe how a factory peeled the pine and Ravenna in Soledad Canyon Mill at San Jose, by parties who trunks, much as one does a potato, to Pass northeast of Los Angeles, Cali- planned to obtain control of all the make a sort of veneer which was fornia. The London company em- paper mills on the coast and set them stained the color of various woods. ployed a crew of Chinese to cut the to manufacturing Joshua paper exclu- The publication ended by saying the Joshuas into two foot lengths and haul sively. This article went on to say the Joshua veneer proved to be entirely them to Ravenna where they had con- "cactus" paper was very strong and too porous, absorbing great quantities verted an old stamp mill into a plant the supply of material unlimited. of color so the project was abandoned. for the reduction of the wood to pulp. In 1891, an article mentioned a mill Another version of the paper scheme

JO DESERT MAGAZINE The cabin in which Indian John Peake and his wife live with their big family and dogs and cats, near the mouth of Soledad Canyon. revealed that the first shipment of the beyond the gate and started along the NAVAJO TRIBAL CHIEF pulp to England spoiled on the way boulder-strewn bed of a dry arroyo. ASKS FOR $30,000,000 and that paper made of a subsequent my husband leading. Dissatisfied with the progress made shipment proved to be of inferior For two hours we searched both so far under the 10-year Navajo-Hopi quality. sides of the riverbed and were about rehabilitation program, Secretary of As late as 1933, information on ready to agree with Peake that there the Interior Oscar L. Chapman has Joshua tree paper was being printed. wasn't anything to see when one of our expressed the opinion that larger ap- Charles Francis Saunders in Western party let out a whoop. propriations for the program will be made by Congress next year. Wildflowers wrote: "... the trees "Forward and right," he shouted. seemed to be of no value until some- "You'll have to crawl under this fence Chapman headed a Washington del- egation which recently checked reha- one thought of them as possible paper and climb the bank." Hot and tired stock. At one time, now some 50 bilitation progress. Other members of we finally arrived at the edge of Mill the "watchdog" committee were In- years ago, a small pulp mill was built Creek, a tiny crystal stream. And at Ravenna in Soledad Canyon Pass terior Undersecretary Richard Scarles, there were the timbers and remnants Arizona Senator Ernest McFarland about 60 miles north of Los Angeles. of a building put together with square Paper was manufactured and shipped and Indian Commissioner Dillon nails. Not far from this venerable relic Meyer. to various parts, of this country as well was a circular stone tower-like struc- as to England where a few editions of Sam Akeah, chairman of the Na- ture, fast falling into decay. What part vajo council, pleaded for $30,000,000 the Londoi Daily Telegraph are said it played in the Joshua paper project, to have been printed upon it." for the next three years to implement I do not know. Scattered beneath the rehabilitation program. It was also It is quite possible the Atlantic and dense brush were all sorts of broken asked that there be a continuous flow Pacific Fiber Company was heartily timbers and quantities of rusty iron. of funds for the work rather than an- sick of its project when a cloudburst After photographing the ruins and nual piecemeal appropriations. solved the dilemma in February, 1886, attempting to visualize the old Chinese Akeah confronted Chapman with by destroying the mill in Soledad Can- camp, we headed for the car. It several questions: How long is the yon Pass and routing the Chinese was nearly sundown when we closed "long-range" program—10 years, 20 workmen. the gate and waved to John Peake and years or indefinite? What part of the Today, if you want to visit the site his wife with their big family of pets long-range program money is being you ask permission of John Peake, an surging about their feet. Looking back, applied toward the rehabilitation of Indian, who with his wife and several the mill site was lost in wooded shad- the Indian Service in Washington and cats and dogs, occupies a little cabin ows. what is the residue that actually finds at the gate leac.ing into the canyon. Far down the canyon we edged into its way toward the goal of the act, Peake told us he had heard of the the long line of cars creeping toward rehabilitation of the Navajo? Is true mill. He pointed in the general direc- Los Angeles. I was glad the Joshua progress being made in education? tion of the site—but assured us there paper project had failed. It was un- The Indian said his people want a wasn't a thing to see. thinkable to imagine the western des- foundation for the education of their We parked the car under a group erts bereft of their most picturesque children on the reservation, not in of cottonwoods a quarter of a mile botanical denizens. large boarding schools in remote cities.

JANUARY, 1 I Perfectly preserved by Nature for centuries, this fossil elm leaf was found intact in the diatomaceoiis earth of a Nevada hillside. Fossil Leaves from an Ancient Nevada Forest

It was a

12 DESERT MAGAZINE Fossil leaves were exposed after carefully separating the diatomaceous matrices. Recognizable are (left to right) leaves of oak, sumach, birch and elm. Drawings of the complete forms appear below. interest in their hobby that field trips next summer. I also asked for more our guides. We met them that night keep alive, there would be a drastic information about those beautiful fos- at Jones' Farm House and discussed drop in the sale of cutting material. sil leaves she had mentioned. Nothing plans for the trip. Beulah, we learned, Naturally any rockhound has the is more fascinating to me than the was expected in Fallon early in the right to keep secret any find he has variations of the game of "Animal, morning. made, or to share it only with chosen Vegetable or Mineral?" which Nature She had not arrived by the time we friends. Also, many fields are too and Time have played in the world of were ready to start, so Mrs. Price went small, or :he material too rare to be fossilization and petrifaction. Bone, ahead with their pickup, taking Eva wood, root and shell turned to stone suitable for collection by large groups. Wilson, while Glen Price rode with us But in general we believe that the lone or preserved through the ages will collector or the little group—the real never cease to be wonders—and the to tell us about the country through amateurs, the individuals who may not idea that delicate leaf forms could be which we would pass. Our route led belong to any society but who help preserved in a fashion that would make south then east on Highway 50, past make rockhounding the splendid hobby them collecting items was intriguing. the turnoff to the Wonderstone pebble it is—should have some sort of a break Late in the summer, when we made field {Desert, May, 1950) and on to to give them a chance in competition the trip into Nevada, Beulah was in Sand Springs where, on the left, 26.7 with the r.iass collector. the process of moving from Peterson's miles from Fallon, was the marker for So I wrote Mrs. Buckner, thanking Station to Fallon. On the chance that a Pony Express station which once her for the pleasant surprise her letter she would not be able to make con- stood there. This stretch of Highway had given us and setting a tentative nections with us she had delegated 50, between Fallon and Austin is a date for a rockhunt with her for the Glen and Mary Price, of Fallon, to be historic one; the route of Pony Express Complete leaf forms of the photographed specimens, as drawn and identified by Jerry Laudermilk. A—Quercus, Oak. Evergreen or scrub oak. Leaf measures 1 15/16 inches; B—Rhus, Sumach. Probably the laurel leaved sumach. 2 5/16 inches; C—Betula, Birch. This specimen from the white birch. I 7/8 inches; D—Vlmus, Elm. This from the Chinese elm. I 5/16 inches.

JANUARY 19 5 2 13 and Overland Stage, military expedi- the mules when emphasis for some others and they too are finding joy in tions and mining camp freight lines. command was needed. Nature," she told us. When Wonder and Fairview were The highway passes on through Not long after Beulah joined the booming, early in this century, Sand Frenchman's station, the site of an- rockhunt, we passed through Westgate, Springs, according to Glen, was a other stopping place for early freight- then Middlegate and finally Eastgate wagon yard and stopping place for the ers, which lies in the center of Dixie —all of them gaps through hills or freighters. valley. Just three miles beyond the mountains which were used by the There's another attraction to be seen station a dirt road branches right to early mail and stage routes and through north of the road at the Sand Springs what is left of the once-hopeful camp which Highway 50 goes today. Many station — beautiful Singing Mountain. of Fairview — a reinforced concrete of the place names through this strip This is a great white sand dune, with bank vault, house foundations and of Nevada were applied first by Cap- the dimensions of a small mountain, cellar holes, and broken glass. tain J. C. Simpson of the Corps of about a mile from the highway. Nevada A few miles farther, on the highway, Topographical Engineers, U. S. Army. winds keep the dune in constant mo- Mrs. Price flagged down an automobile In 1859 Capt. Simpson explored the tion and the sound of the moving sand headed toward us. It was Mrs. Buck- little known country between Camp has given it its name. There is said to ner with her son. Beulah proved to be Floyd in Utah and Genoa, in present be an Indian legend about it. The Sho- extremely enthusiastic about rock col- Nevada, and laid out a wagon road shones and the Paintes once met in lecting, as we had gathered from her between those points. Westgate and battle there, and the Paiutes were de- letters. After the death of her husband Middlegate still retain the titles he gave feated. The moaning of the sand we two years before, she explained, she them, but somewhere in the years be- hear today is the mourning of the had been unable to "get her feet under" tween, Gibraltar Gate became Eastgate. Paiutes for their losi glory. her. When her boys bought a geiger Eastgate was a noted stop on the When we stopped at Sand Springs. counter and started prospecting for overland stage lines. According to Glen Price found a "Norwegian grind- uranium, she went along "to prospect the Nevada State Guide, cowboys for ing stone." Possibly you have seen for beauty and a new life. We have the big ranch at this point made it a these rounded, usually greyish stones found nothing of commercial value, practice to introduce tenderfeet to the around old mill sites. At one time they but I get a million dollars worth of real West they expected to find by were considered the only satisfactory pleasure every time we go. Best of all, staging a killing, then hanging the stones for use in ball mills for grinding our enthusiasm has touched many killer in sight of the horrified stage pas- the ore. They actually did come from sengers. The first real accommodation the Scandinavian countries, being col- FOSSIL LEAF LOG for travelers at Eastgate—a white tufa- lected from the beaches there and 0.0 Eastgate, on Highway 50. at 55.2 block house built by George B. Wil- shipped as ballast in vessels coming to miles cast of Fallon. Continue liams in 1879—still is in use just where America. Some, according to Glen, east on 50 to the highway enters the canyon, its soft have agate sticking out of them. He 2.6 lone road. Dirt road, on the right white stone walls tatooed with names, has found a number of them along the (south). Take lone road to initials and dates of many an early road to Wonder. Teamsters would 7.6 Fossil leaf hill to left (east) of visitor. When we were there, it was a carry the worn ones along to throw at road. White hill with small pines. service station and cafe.

14 DESERT MAGAZINE A n entirely new rockhunting technique is necessary to locate the layers where the fossil leaves lie and to clean the specimen when finally exposed. A chisel or knife, brush, small shovel for digging off the overburden and paper to wrap the specimen in should be part of the fossil leaf collector's outfit.

JANUARY, 1952 15 Fossil Leaf hill, along the lone road in south central Nevada. The hill is made up of diatomaceous earth—or diatomite—which settled to the bottom of a Nevada lake thousands of years ago. When we were through the narrow burden, the diatomaceous earth was There is also the problem of trans- canyon and 2.6 miles east of Eastgatc. in layers, just as it had been deposited porting the leaves safely once a good Beulah guided us to the right on a in some vanished lakebed long before. variety has been obtained. We used well-bladed dirt and gravel road. The It came out easily, in long horizontal all the newspaper and paper towels we little community of lone lies at the chunks, and a few inches under the had along. But - with each one southern end of this road. Few people surface it proved to be actually wet wrapped carefully then packed in a live there today and the business of with the rain water which had seeped box with wads of paper to see that no the town is concentrated in one build- into it and had been held in the clayey pressure or rubbing occurred — we ing— general store, postoffice, gaso- stuff. brought our specimens home with al- line punp and law enforcement center We found that an entirely new tech- most no damage. —and Basil Cislini is in charge of all nique in rockhunting must be used These leaves were like no other fos- the activities of all these divisions. But here. After the pieces were removed, sils we had seen. They appeared, in 1864, then known as lone City, it if they showed no leaves upon the sur- rather, as do the faded brown leaves was the first county seat of newly face, it was necessary to split them, at- and petals of flowers pressed in an old created Nyc County and the heart of tempting to locate the layers where the book. And that, said Lucile, is exactly a booming mining area. leaves were deposited. For this a broad what they were -- little mementos of Beulah told us that she had first knife blade or a thin chisel seemed the bygone centuries that Nature had come down the lone road with her sons most likely instrument. Once a piece tucked between the white leaves of her to investigate an old gold mine. The was successfully split and the leaf and book for us to treasure. mine hadn't developed into anything, its cast opened, a fine brush would have been handy in cleaning the leaves. Some of the leaves were curled or but they did locate agate and fossil curved a bit. probably from floating on leaves. Al five miles from Highway It is possible, if the matrix separates so that only part of the leaf is exposed, water before sinking into their white 50, a few hundred yards before the to uncover the rest by carefully insert- clayey prison. And some are folded. road we were traveling divided, Beulah ing a pointed knifeblade and snapping One thing which surprised us — they had me stop the car, and pointed to bits of the diatomaceous earth away. seemed so much like modern leaves. a white butte a short distance to the It is a delicate operation, though, for We were sure that we recognized oak left of the road. There, she said, the the leaf and its matrix, as we took them and willow and several others. leaves were to be found. out damp, arc as easily marred as is The problem of identifying the leaves In a matter of minutes, we were up modeling clay. Later we found that and determining their age ] saved for on the white, chalky slope, digging into the thin strata will part better if the Jerry Laudermilk of Pomona College the hillside. Under the shallow over- matrix has dried a few davs. —as I do most questions of that nature

16 DESERT MAGAZINE where I feel I am beyond my depth. were buried was obviously much more courses or around the lake fell into Jerry was enthusiastic about the speci- ancient than the leaves themselves— the water and in time were buried in mens and their state of preservation. probably by millions of years. Diato- the lake sediments. Finally the lake He confirmed our thought that the maceous earth—or diatomite—is made dried up and its bed was eroded to leaves were of recent origin. That up of the silicious skeletons of tiny expose the leaf-bearing strata. doesn't mean they were buried in the water plants called diatoms. Under the Diatomite, incidentally, is used for past century or two. Probably the old microscope they look more like snow- many commercial purposes including lake bed has taken thousands of years flake patterns than anything else, and polishing powders, filters and insula- to erode down to its present butte and one authority has figured out that they tion. The leaf hill, according to our cliff status. come about 40 million to the cubic most recent report from Mrs. Buckner, As to the varieties which we brought inch. In the ocean they form a large has been filed upon for possible fu- back. Jerry identified them as Oak part of the plankton, the drifting mass ture development, but there is no (closely resembling our scrub oak). of organisms which furnishes a great objection to collectors obtaining any Sumach, Birch. Elm, Willow. Pine(?), deal of the food for marine life. They reasonable number of specimens. also live in fresh water or damp earth. Wild Cherry and Laurel. "Leaf shapes After a morning of shoveling and for any particular species vary a great The ones in which the Nevada leaves are buried originated in salt water, but opening our prizes, we returned to the deal," he explained, "sometimes even the leaves are land leaves and the sedi- cars for lunch. Mary Price had pre- in the same plant. So it isn't safe to ments in that area are supposed to be pared one we can recommend unre- base a species identification on a single fresh water. servedly for rockhound groups. On leaf. In scrub oak. for example, leaves the tailgate of their pickup she set out from the suckers inside the bush are That's the sort of contradiction Jerry a plate of broken-up corned beef, apt to be big, dark green and Happy likes to work with, and he had an another of thick slices of tomato and while the leaves from the upper answer figured out. The diatoms were a third of thin slices of sweet Spanish branches are greyish, small and spiny. laid down in great beds during one of onions. We took bread slices, and That goes for most plants, so you sec. the periods when seas covered Nevada. stacked up sandwiches to our own we shouldn't be positive." Then the land rose from the ocean and specifications. With hot coffee or cool erosion went to work. It reached the drinks, fruit or candy bars, it seemed In his checking of the specimens, diatoms, the beds were dissolved and an ideal field trip buffet. Jerry ran into something which puzzled washed into a new valley to form the him considerably. The matrix of dia- bottom of a new like. And leaves from Later Beulah guided us to the agate tomaceous earth in which the leaves the trees which iirew along the water- areas, which lie on the hills and ridges some distance behind and beyond the fossil leaf buttc. Most of it was creamy, greyish or brownish and a good deal seemed to contain root or fiber inclu- sions. There were bits of agate and IPktiire-of-tlie-flontli Contest carnelian. Some of the same type of cutting rock may be found on the Seen through the lens of a camera, there is no more colorful land slopes of the fossil leaf hill, apparently on earti than the desert Southwest. Here, the greens and blues of having weathered down from a thin top high mountain elevations and fertile oases blend with the reds and stratum of conglomerate overlaying the yellows and tans to be found in the mineralized hills and lowlands, diatomite. and with the purple haze and the brilliant coloring of the late afternoon sunsets. So far as I am concerned, those beautiful fossil leaves are the attrac- It is for the purpose of bringing to desert readers the best of the tions of this field trip. They will be pictures taken by thousands of camera fans every month that the prizes in anyone's collections. But 1 Desert Magazine offers prizes for the best prints submitted to the hope that rockhounds who visit the magazine staff. fossil leaf hill on the lone road will Entries for ihe February contest must be in the Desert Magazine remember that it took a great deal of office. Palm Desert, California, by February 20, and the winning prints work and cooperation to make those will appear in the April issue. Pictures which arrive too late for one leaves available to you. First think ol contest are held over for the next month. First prize is $10; second all the diatoms that had to live and prize $ii.00. For non-winning pictures accepted for publication $3.00 die, and of the western part of our each will be' paid. continent being shouldered up out of me sea, and of thousands of seasons HERE ARE THE RULES of erosion, of trees living and dying, 1—Prints for monthly contests must be black and white, 5x7 or larger, printed of more erosion, and drouth and then on glossy paper. more erosion. 2—Each photograph submitted should be fully labeled as to subject, time and place. Also technical data: camera, shutter speed, hour of day, etc. Then someone like Beulah Buckner 3—PRINTS WILL BE RETURNED WHEN RETURN POSTAGE IS ENCLOSED. had to come along and discover them 4—All entries must be in the Desert Magazine office by the 20th of the contest month. —someone who felt it was her obli- 5—Contests are open to both amateur and professional photographers. Desert gation to share the beautiful things Magazine requires first publication rights only of prize winning pictures. she found with you. Then we had to 6—Time and place of photograph are immaterial, except that it must be from the photograph the field and map it and desert Southwest. tell you how to find it. But the chain 7—Judges will be selected from Desert's editorial staff, and awards will be made immediately after the close of the contest each month. of cooperation that makes a field trip a real and lasting success is not yet Address All Entries to Photo Editor complete. The final and the key link lies in the hands of the rockhounds PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA who visit a field, and depends upon what they do there.

JANUARY, 19 5 2 17 Tumacacori Mission as it appeared in 1822. This diorama in the Tumacacori museum pictures the nave at the height of its beauty, with Indian worshippers kneeling to receive blessing in a short-lived period oj peace and prosperity. Deserted by priest and parish- ioner alike, the ancient Mission San Jose de Tumacacori with- Forsaken 80 Years, stood storm, sand and plunder- ers' raids for 80 long years. Then, in 1908, the mission grounds were set aside as a national Mission Still Lives monument. The mission was re- stored, a museum erected, and a happy ending was written to By BEULA M. WADSWORTH a story which nearly read trag- Photographs courtesy edy. National Park Service FTER AN absence of 10 years, mented, "this beautiful road compared present Mexican border. Bearing it was with a sense of sup- with what the horse trail must have crosses, they had come to him near pressed excitement that my been two and a half centuries ago Nogales and pleaded that he come to brother, Wade, and I approached the when Father Kino traveled over this their villages. Among those villages ancient mission church of San Jose dc very ground on his missionary journ- were Tumacacori and Bac, where the Tumacacori. We felt a strong attach- eys." Mission San Xavier del Bac now stands ment for the historic cathedral with its Eusebio Francisco Kino was the near Tucson. unfinished bell tower and the great Jesuit scholar and explorer, the saintly, In excited anticipation of the good dome built by the hands of the padres zealous, resourceful man of affairs who priest's visit, the Indians at Tumaca- and their Indian neophytes 130 years brought the first civilized life to the cori erected three brush shelters for ago. Southwest. In 1691, at a spot east of him and his companion, Father Salva- We had motored here, 48 miles what is now the ruin of Tumacacori tierra, and their cavalcade. One arbor south of Tucson, on a smooth highway Mission, he conducted the first Chris- was arranged as a chapel, another as that ribboned along the valley of the tian services in the area. a sleeping room, the third was a kit- Santa Cruz River, mountain ranges Pima Indians had heard of Father chen. shouldering up distantly on either side. Kino's bencficient works in establish- In accepting the invitation, the black- "What a contrast," Wade had com- ing a chain of missions south of the robed Fathers had intended only an

18 DESERT MAGAZINE inspection trip, planning to conduct tlers and soldiers deserted the area rangles, houses for servants, barns, but a single religious service at each soon after. stables, storerooms, mortuary chapel village. However, they found the In- Tumacacori, thus forsaken, suffered and cemetery, as well as the orchard dians so enthusiastic and their needs for 80 years from the elements and and canals for the water system. It was so great that the trip led to a remark- from raids of Apache Indians, vandals interesting to compare, from one van- able expansion of missionary activities and treasure hunters. However, better tage point, the miniature with the actual throughout Pimcra Alta—now South- days began in 1908 when the United church and the crumbled remains be- ern Arizona. States government set aside the Mis- yond. Father Kino proved to be a practical sion and grounds as a National Monu- In another museum room we were leader of the tens of thousands of na- ment. Under the National Park Serv- intrigued by a diorama which portrayed tives he sought to convert. He had ice, vital and substantial repair work in three-dimensional detail the interior every thought for them. Aside from has been done. A permanent custodian of the church at the period of its near- religious instruction, he taught them has been maintained since 1929, and completion in 1822. The miniature building, planting and harvesting. He in 1937 a small but distinctive museum had the altar, pulpit, paintings and urged them to raise cattle from herds was built in the picturesque architec- statuary of the church. Even the flicker he had brought up from Mexico. He ture of the Sonora missions. of candles and the strains of organ instructed :hem in methods of defense The fluted arch and hand-carved music fell over the figures of Indian against their enemies, the Apaches. door of the museum entrance, which neophytes kneeling in prayer. Tumacacori continued as a visita, or was reproduced from San Ignacio's. Exhibit to exhibit, room to room, visitor's place for priests, until 1767, one of the Kino missions in Mexico, we were able to relive chronologically, when a Spanish decree expelled the gave us admittance to the registry of- through relics, maps, paintings and di- Jesuits from the country. The Fran- fice and the foyer, which in turn led us oramas, the entire history of Tumaca- ciscan priests who succeeded the exiles to the exhibit rooms. A cloister beyond cori. Depicted here were the various vigorously took up their work and de- that opened upon a flower-filled gar- occupations pursued at the mission in veloped an ambitious church enter- den, replica of an old Spanish mission later times—silver mining, gardening, prise, the remains of which we see garden. harvesting, handicraft and trading. After our self-guided educational today. Completion of the building ex- Everywhere in the museum we met cepting the bell tower for which they journey we were ready and eager for gentle surprises. First, there is a large the climax—seeing again the actual may not have had money to finish, is picture window which frames like a believed to have been in 1822. church and other historic remnants. painting the actual church with its Our guide. Earl Jackson, superin- Then, almost immediately, came imposing buff-colored facade. Associ- tendent of the monument, gave us tragedy. Mexico, having won her in- ated with the window is a miniature generously of his considerable fund of dependence from Spain, withdrew replica of the entire original layout information. He first pointed out the financial aid from this and all the when proud Tumacacori Mission was massiveness of the adobe construction. missions. Abandonment by the last at the height of its achievement. There In wonder and humility we observed priest occurred in 1827, and the set- are represented the church, the quad- these walls. The baptistry, which is

San Ignacio's in Mexico was in- San Jose de Tumacacori Mission church as seen spiration for the hand-carved through an arched picture window in the museum. doors and fluted arch which pro- The hell tower was never completed, presumably for vide entrance to the Museum. lack of parish funds.

JANUARY, 1952 19 the base of the tower, is eight to nine been heavy work dragging the huge border with festoons of pomegranate feet in thickness. Other parts of the pine logs long miles from the moun- blossoms. church have wall bases averaging five tains for beams of the flat roof of the Later returning to the museum's di- and a half to six feet in thickness. church. All this was done by primitive orama of this interior, we appreciated We tried to visualize the priests in men to honor the white man's God. more the sense of art displayed in the their sw nging brown robes going about The interior of the nave is now bright colored plasters, the decorative among their devout crews of untrained pathetically scarred with holes and bands and borders, the moldings for but intelligent Indians, inspiring them brown areas where plaster is missing; pictures, the plaster gables above sta- to do this arduous work. but the original remnants of the side tues and the niches, statuary, relief The workers had only crude wooden altars of the nave, which once were work and painting which ornamented shovels to dig ditches for bringing surmounted by statues of saints, are the high altar. water from the river to the center of there, as well as certain pilasters and operations. They had to mix dirt on We left Tumacacori Mission with a wide arch framing the place of the feelings of pride and humility. We had the site with water and straw for sun- original high altar, long ago destroyed. dried bricks, or for the stronger fired seen one of the remnants of the cul- bricks for use at points of greatest Miraculously, the sanctuary dome is tural beginnings of our American stress. There were seven different preserved, this a foot-thick shell of Southwest. That this monument, shapes of bricks for various uses, to burnt bricks. We could see traces in- threatened so often by history, stands be laved with mud mortar and sur- side the dome of painted ornamenta- today writes a happier ending to a faced with lime plaster. It must have tion that might have been a turquoise tale which might have read tragedy.

By HAROLD GLUCK then another. They all sympathized with me, but they ^*HL PONY HXPRESS was doomed in 1860 when did not know how to help me. But at last a Gentile > Congress directed the Secretary of the Treasury said. 'Go to Brigham Young. These small fry cannot to subsidize the building of a telegraph line from do you any good.' Missouri to San Francisco. "'I did not think much of the idea, for if the law could not help me. what could an individual do who Hiram Sibley, president of the Western Union had not even anything to do with either making the Telegraph company, and his associates organized the laws or executing them? He might be a very good Pacific Telegraph company to start at Kansas City patriarch of a church and preacher in its tabernacle, and build westward. On the Pacific coast the Overland but something sterner than religion and moral suasion Telegraph company was formed to build eastward from was needed to handle a hundred refractory, half-civil- San Francisco. ized sub-contractors. But what was a man to do? The meeting point was to be Salt Lake City. As an "1 thought if Mr. Young could not do anything incentive to speed the construction it was agreed that else, he might probably be abte to give me some advice the first company to reach Salt Lake would receive a and a valuable hint or two, and so I went straight to bonus of $50 a day for the lapse in time before the him and laid the whole case before him. He said very other company completed its part of the line. little, but showed strong interest all the way through. The building involved no serious engineering diffi- He examined all the papers in detail, and whenever culties. One crew dug the holes, another followed with there seemed anything like a hitch, either in the papers the poles, a third outfit distributed insulators and or in my statement, he would go back and take up the attached them to the poles and the wiring crew fol- thread and follow it patiently out to an intelligent and lowed. satisfactory result. Then he made a list of the contrac- The construction went smoothly until Jim Street tors' names. Finally he said: made a contract with the Mormons to supply poles. He "'Mr. Street, this is all perfectly plain. These con- had a hundred sub-contractors working under him, and tracts are strictly and legally drawn, and are duly the Mormon crew was an important link in the organi- signed and certified. These men manifestly entered zation. But soon the Mormons found their contract was into them with their eyes open. I see no fault or flaw not profitable. One by one they quit work and drove anywhere.' their teams off the job. "Then Mr. Young turned to a man waiting at the When Street reminded them of their contract they other end of the room and said, 'Take this list of replied that they would like to see a Gentile force a names to So-and-so, and tell him to have these men Mormon to fulfill a losing contract in Utah. But they here at such-and-such an hour." did fulfill it, and here, in Jim Street's words, is the story: "They were there, to the minute. So was 1. Mr. "I was in dismay. I was under heavy bonds to Young asked them a number of questions, and their complete my contract in a given time, and this disaster answers made my statement good. Then he said to looked very much like ruin. It was an astounding them, 'You signed these contracts and assumed these thing; it was such a wholly unlooked for difficulty that obligations of your own free will and accord9' I w;is entirely nonplussed. 1 am a business man—have "'Yes.' always been a business man—do not know anything ' 'Then carry them out to the letter, if it makes but business—so you can imagine how like being struck paupers of you! Go!' by lightning it was to find myself in a country where "And they did go, too! They are strung across the written contracts were worthless! deserts now, working like bees. And I never hear a "That main security, that sheet-anchor, that abso- word out of them." lute necessity, of business. My confidence left me. The contracts were carried out to the letter—thanks There was no use in making new contracts—that was to the code of honor which made Brigham Young one plain. I talked with first one prominent citizen and of the ureat leaders in American history.

DESERT MAGAZINE Deep sea diving on the desert has its own peculiar problems, as Steve Harrison discovered when the Reclamation Bureau brought him to Hoover dam to help with a special construction job.

Deep Sea Diver on the Desert

time on a public-address system hung to the adjacent wall, from which wires ran along the air hose to a microphone Steve Harrison, deep sea diver who came to Hoover dam to do an emergency in the diver's helmet. job for the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation. His helper is attaching the breastplate preparatory to submersion. Twice, while I watched, Steve climbed a ladder to the platform, where his helper removed his helmet. Later By M. G. MASTIN pumped out so that workmen can in- it was learned that the principal reason Photographs by Mark Swain stall the foundations. for this procedure was to give him a When I first saw Harrison he was chance to get warm. Although he wore VING IN the turbulent waters standing on a ladder about ten feet several sets of "longies" and two suits of the tailrace at the power- below the surface. He had a hose in of coveralls, prolonged immersion in houses below Hoover dam on his hand through which a heavy con- the river at 55 degrees numbed him the Colorado River is not like diving crete mix was being pumped to fill so much that it was difficult to work. in the ocean, according to Steve Har- cracks in the river side of the coffer- While the ocean is about as cold, in rison, master diver, of Long Beach. dam. Despite the considerable weight deep water, there is always a warmer California. of lead in his shoes and in the belt layer at the surface, so that when a worn around his waist, the violent mo- The Bureau of Reclamation is cur- diver becomes chilled, if working at tion of the waters around him caused depth, he simply rises to near the sur- rently engaged in extending the con- the ladder to sway in a most alarming face for a few minutes, to warm up. crete truckway and crane tracks down- fashion. The water was so clear that This does not work in the Colorado, stream from one of the powerhouses every motion could be clearly seen. because the water is so turbulent it is in order to provide more working As he worked his way along the as cold at the surface as it is on the space. For proper support, concrete face of the cofferdam, he reached a bottom. foundations must be placed on bed- corner and disappeared from my sight, At noon-time, and after two helpers rock at the bottom of the tailrace. Har- although his location could still be fol- had assisted him in removing his hel- rison was engaged to build a cofferdam lowed by the stream of bubbles rising met, breastplate, weighted belt and from the river bottom to a point above from the back of his helmet. His helper shoes, and diving dress, Steve came high-water mark. When this is finished. stood on a small platform over the up to the truckway for lunch and I had the water inside the cofferdam will be water, talking to Steve from time to a chance to ask a few questions. After

[ANUARY, 19 5 2 21 discussing the roughness and coldness of the water, his first comment was about the fish in the river. Apparently trout and other freshwater species are no less curious than those found in the ocean. They gather around a diver in twos, threes and dozens, and remain staring at him unless he waves an arm to scare them off. Then they are soon back. One big fellow persisted in star- ing him in the eye, through his face- plate. Besides trout up to 24 inches in length, and an occasional carp, Steve particularly noticed the Colorado min- now, a strange, humpbacked fish some- times weighing as much as 15 pounds, and which, according to the authori- ties, is found in no other river. One of the trout, a specimen weighing about three pounds, had recently been hooked. It had a strong piece of fish- line tied through its gills. When it came near, Harrison reached out slowly, seized the cord, and after climbing to the surface, handed the fish to his helper—a rather unusual way to catch a dinner! Steve would like to remain in this area, as the surroundings arc so pictur- esque, and the water is so clear and c!can. In his opinion these factors out- weigh the coldness of the water and the boisterous currents he encounters, as well as the heat of the summer sun. Last summer while doing some pre- liminary work at the dam, he found that his helmet would get so hot, when not submerged, that the beeswax used to cement the microphone in place would melt, allowing it to fall out of its socket. He finally had to wedge it in place with rubber strips. One of the helpers told me that Steve had recently fallen off the ladder, landing on the bottom wrong side up. He reached out and closed his air out- let valve, thereby inflating his suit, and promptly shot to the surface. His help- ers hauled him to the ladder by means of his air hose, where he went on work- ing as though nothing had happened.

Above—Steve Harrison does his under-water job with two helpers. The one on the right is paying out the hose, while the one next to him at the microphone is car- rying on conversation with the diver.

Below—Once when he jell off his ladder Steve inflated his diving dress and immediately rose to the surface where he was bailed out by his helpers.

12 DESERT MAGAZINE Two prospectors found Long lying in the sand—exhausted, burning with fever and dying of thirst. The Lost Shotgun Mine By GUS WIRT A mysterious spring lies hid- Illustration by Ted Littlefield den in the Sheep Hole mountains, near the shotgun cached by a dying man. The spring marks O UNDERSTAND the story of the attic. The house, long since passed the rich placer ground of L. O. 7 the Lost Shotgun mine, you from the hands of the original owners, Long, who prospected the Sheep have to be familiar with the had been bought by a man living in Holes in the 1870's. Gus Wirt Sheep Hole mountains and the sur- Placerville. He knew nothing about tells the story of Long's "Lost rounding desert. the trunk and, when we showed inter- Shotgun" mine, as he read it in These mountains are rough to travel est in it, gave us permission to carry letters yielded by an old tin and water is scaree. As far as I know, it home and look through the contents. trunk. there is only one reliable spring, that From the letters, we gathered that at the Sheep Hole mine, on the ex- L. O. Long and John Carthright dur- treme end of the range at the pass ing the 1860's worked placer ground above Dale Dry lake between Twenty- along the Consumes river south and In it Long revealed that he had nine Palms and Amboy. Many of the west of El Dorado. John Carthright brought out a total of 100 ounces of old mine shaf.s and tunnels are full had moved to Fresno in 1871 :ind the gold from his workings and planned of water and there is a good well in letters were an account of the travels to return as soon as he was well enough the bottom of the big drywash. and prospecting of his former partner. to travel. His last trip out, he had References were made to the "Palms," fallen and bruised his leg and side. East through the mountains there Two prospectors had found him wan- isn't any water. Desert surrounds the "Dale" and the "Sheep mountains." We translated these as Twentynine dering in the desert near the "salt lake" mountains and eloscs them off in a or Dale Dry hike. The injured man tight, hot wasteland. It is easy to Palms, the old Dale mining district east of there and the Sheep Hole couldn't carry his shotgun, so he cached understand why there aren't more it among the rocks. From this incident, mines there. mountains. One letter told of a miner leaving Dale for Amboy and of travel- my uncle and I came to call his lost Old-tiiTU' prospectors shunned that ers finding him, dead of thirst, some- placer ground the "Shotgun" mine. country because of the scarcity of water. I know of only one man who where on the north slope of the "Sheep" L.ong's water was soon exhausted, prospected there. I asked Phil Sulli- mountains. Another traveler left Dale drained by the excessive thirst of the van, the old miner of Twentyninc for Cottonwood springs and died of fever from his wounds, and he was Palms, where he would prospect if he thirst somewhere in Pinto basin. near death when found. Evidently his were young again. Phil used to come Sparsely settled today, that country injuries were severe and, aggravated down to the shop and talk to me for was dangerous in the 1870's. by the strain of the long trip to civili- hours. He always said, that given The last letter was dated June, 1 873, zation, had proven fatal. A letter from youth, he would strike out for the and was posted in San Bernardino. It the marshal! at San Bernardino, dated Sheep Holes. wasn't in the same handwriting nor did June 22, 1873, inquired whether Carth- it use the same type of expression as right would arrange for the burial of Phil didn't tell me the story of the his friend. lost mine. I doubt whether he has ever did Long's previous communications. heard it. I pieced the story together Long evidently was not very well edu- No mention is made of any burro, from yellowed letters found in an old cated and his own letters were rather so we assumed that the prospector had trunk. difficult to read. This last one. dated made the trips on foot. When he first My uncle and 1 were remodeling a June. 1873, was well-written in good found the placer deposit, he had writ- house in HI Dorado, California, when English, probably dictated by Long to ten Carthright about it and located it we came across the ancient tin chest, some doctor or friend in San Bernar- in a "brush canyon" about 15 miles collecting dust in a forgotten corner of dino. almost due east of the "salt lake."

JANUARY, 19 5 2 23 There was a small spring that he had probably was using a hand washer or but something always came up to post- dug out and walled up, and he reported ""bib." washing out the gold by pan pone it. My uncle had difficulty get- many quail and sheep using it. The at the spring after blowing away the ting away from his work, I wouldn't go placer ground was 'around the bend" lighter material. alone, and we didn't want to take on and just below the spring. My uncle and 1 often talked of the any partners. We had been lucky Although he made no mention of letters and the lost Shotgun mine. We enough to locate the ground, and we how he was securing the gold, Long planned a trip into the Sheep Holes. wanted first chance at it. Last winter my uncle died at El Dorado, and I fell heir to the old trunk Here's a new list of brain-exercisers for and its letters. In addition to them, 1 folks who like to keep their minds active. have several other clues to the Shot- DESERT QUIZ A high score in this Quiz calls for some gun's location. Talking to Phil Sulli- know edge of a wide range of subjects—botany, mineralogy, geography, van some time before we found the history and Indians. But they cannot send you to jail for getting a low trunk, he told me of coming across a score, and you'll learn something from these questions and answers. A fine English shotgun and several shells fair score is 12 to 14. 15 to 17 is good. 1( S or over is tops. The answers are under a rock ledge in the Sheep Holes. on pane 29. He said he never did figure out who 1—A rattlesnake adds a new button to its tail—Once a year . Twice left it there or why. because it was a a year . Every time it changes its skin . Scientists do not long way from water and game. Later, after I knew about Long's mine, I know the answer asked Phil more about the shotgun. He 2—Sotol is the common name of a desert—Mineral . Plant recalled he had found it in 1925 at a Reptile . Rodent place east of Dale lake back in the 3—Going from El Centro, California It) Yuma, Arizona, one would hills 10 miles or so. I repeated to Phil travel on—Highway 60 . Highway 395 . Highway 80 what I had learned of Long and he Highway 66 said that he couldn't remember ever 4- The stream traversing Zion National Park is—Kanab Creek having seen a spring in those hills, and Paria River . Virgin River . River Jordan he had done a good bit of tramping 5- -Capitol Re f National Monument is located in—Utah Cali- through them. fornia . New Mexico . Arizona. Another thing I remembered was a colony of Mormon emigrants reached Salt Lake 6—The first in conversation I'd had with Heinic Ol- .1847 . 1867 . 1870 1823 son at Twcntynine Palms. Heinie told 7—I. Frank Dobie is best known as- A writer of western books me about a pilot at the army field there Authority on gems and minerals . Movie cowboy . A mining who had seen a brush-choked canyon engineer back in the Sheep Holes. We often 8—Indians who live on the shores of Pyramid Lake in Nevada are - discussed it and spent some hours Navajos . Chemehuevis . Mojaves . Paiutes planning a trip in there. We thought 9—The character most widely publicized in connection with the Lincoln we could get one of the pilots to spot County War in New Mexico was - - Butch Cassidy . Wyatt the canyon and help us locate it from Earp . Geronimo . Billy the Kid the ground. Unfortunately, we never 10—There are approximately 25 minerals from which quicksilver is ex- had an opportunity to go. tracted, but the most common one is—Apatite . Hematite Well, there is the story. Heinic will Manganese . Cinnabar tell you what he knows of the brush- I 1 — Hadji Ali (Hi Jolly) was a—Camel driver . Yaqui chieftain choked canyon. I have told you all I Navajo god . Mountain man know about Long and his mine; and 12—Canyon del Muerto is a tributary of—The Colorado River Phil Sullivan, if he is still alive, will Canyon de Chelly . Bryce Canyon . Oak Creek Canyon tell you about the shotgun and the 13—Chief industry of the Hualpai Indians in northern Arizona is—Sheep Sheep Holes. raising . Weaving . Pottery Making . Cattle raising I still hope someday to make the trip in there. But circumstances pro- 14—According to legend the Enchanted Mesa of New Mexico is the hibit the trip just now, and if anyone ancient home of the—Zuni Indians . Taos Indians . Hopi else wants a try at it, go ahead. Indians . Acoma Indians It will be hard to (ind the spring. 15—To reach Meteor Crater in northern Arizona you would take—High- Perhaps it may never be found. There way 66 . Highway 93 . Highway 60 . Highway 70 arc miles of desert country to search. 16—The Shivwits Indian reservation is in—Arizona . Utah . New I am inclined to believe it is hidden in Mexico . California that reported "brush-choked" canyon; 17—The grain most commonly cultivated by the Hopi Indians is - find trees and there has to be water. Wheat . Corn . Barley . Milo Maize One thing to remember: though you 18—The Indians whose tribal lands have been inundated by a reservoir are looking for a spring, you may on the Colorado river in recent years are — The Yumas never find it. Have at least one com- 19—ThPimae shom e .o fChemehuevi The Donss, know. nCocopah in the sSouthwest for their annual panion, and carry water, lots of water. Lost Gold Trek, is at — Tombstone- . Borrego Springs Phoenix . Las Vegas It is easy to die in the Sheep Holes. Listen to the warnings of age-yellowed 20—Badwater is the name of a waterholc in—southern Arizona letters. And remember the story of Imperial Valley . Death Valley . Great Salt Desert in Utah Prospector Long—who found a rich placer and lost it in death.

DESERT M AGAZINE Kayba Sells Her First Rug

By SANDY HASSELL Illustration by Charles Keetsie Shirley Navajo Artist

N ALL or' Kayba "s 13 years there had never been another day like this one. It almost seemed that she had been looking forward and preparing for it since her earliest recol- lection. This was to be her first visit to Gallup, the plaee by the bridge. Her grandmother, mother, sister and others had told her (hat it was a place of many houses but she had no idea there could be so many houses in one plaee. The valley and the hills on all sides were eovered with them. She knew there were more than she could count. Didn't these people have any sheep and if they did where would the sheep find something to eat? Everyone she knew had been here many times and talked about it. Each year when the corn was ready to eat they all went here to show their pretty rugs and fine silver jewelry. Not only the Navajos came but Indians from other tribes who lived far away. She had seen then come by her home in wagons, automobiles and on horseback. She had wanted to go with them but always she had to stay at home with grandmother and care for the sheep and goats. The white doctor at the mission with whom she and her sister Mabah had come to town said he was going back home at sundown and that they must be at this place and ready to go when he was. They were to meet at Laughing Never hud Kayba seen anything so beautiful as the silver bracelet with its Man's trading post and here they deep blue turquoise stone. hoped to sell their two small rugs for cash. He wouldn't pay as much for them in cash as he would in trade but unwrap it. She told Laughing Man too much when she was getting cash. they did not want groceries. They that she wanted money for it, and why. Mow the trader was looking straight wanted money so they could go to the Laughing Man listened without com- at Kayba. His hand was extended with big stores on the other side of the ment. He unwrapped the rug and the palm up. "Let me see the rug you bridge and buy things that Laughing spread it on the counter. It was have little sister." Man did not have in his store. Laugh- weighed and measured and then placed How did he know she had a rug? ing Man paid cash only lor the very under the counter out of sight. Money, Could he read her thoughts? Her fore- best. Her rug was the prettiest she both silver and paper, was taken from head suddenly became wet. She started had ever made but she knew it was not a drawer under the counter that rang to wipe the sweat off with her fore- as good as Mabah's. She had it wrapped a bell when it was pulled out. The finger, then she remembered the white in a clean flour sack and tucked snugly money was counted and spread on the handkerchief her sister had given her under heir left arm. The shawl over counter where the rug had been. Ma- and told her to use instead of her hand her shoulder completely hid it and no bah counted it but didn't pick it up. or sleeve. She looked at Mabah to sec one could tell it was there. Even the That would have completed the sale. if she approved but her sister was doctor hadn't noticed it. She wanted more and said so. Laugh- laughing. How she wished that Laugh- There were no Indians in the trad- ing Man was positive it was enough. ing Man would buy her rug and pay ing post when they entered. Mabah He turned around and started to move her cash. Even if he gave her less than had been here many times before and some cans of fruit on the shelf. With he did for Mabah's it would be all right. knew Laughing Man well. She laid a little sigh Mabah picked up the It was the same size but it was not as her rug on the counter but did not money. Anyway she couldn't exnect pretty. It seemed that she had just

JANUARY, 1952 strength enough to place the rug on "You could little one and I would grandmother for she seldom joked. the edge of the counter. help but the rugs we weave must be She told Mabah what grandmother had Laughing Man took the rug out of sold for food. I will ask him how much given her and what she had said. She the sack and laid it on the counter. He it costs." was certain the trader didn't hear for weighed and measured it but did not Only $20 but Kayba knew she would he was busy putting away the jewelry. place it under the counter. Wasn't he never have that much money. She was Kayba made her four wishes in a going to buy it? Yes. he was, for the sure she would never see another one hurry for she was certain she wanted bell rang and he was pulling out the so pretty. Maybe he would keep it this bracelet. From her beaded bag drawer that had the money in it. until she had many sheep. He didn't she look the package and placed it think he would sell it soon for a tourist beside the bracelet. Her hands were "This is a beautiful rug little sister wouldn't pay that much money for it shaking so she could hardly untie the —far prettier than the one your sister and Navajos didn't buy it, for money cloth. Before she had finished unfold- made." He was counting out the was so hard to get. money for her on top of the rug. "And ing the paper a big bright penny had I am paying you two-bits more for it Now she thought about the little slipped out and fallen on top of the than the one I bought from her." package grandmother had given her this jewelry case. It was the largest penny morning and what she had said. It was she had ever seen and it made a ring- What was the matter with her hands? something small folded in paper and ing sound on the glass like the bell at Couldn't she pick up the money and had a cloth tied around it. Grand- the mission. What made Mabah draw why was Mabah shaking her? mother had said if she saw something in her breath like someone had thrown "And this is your candy that I am she really wanted she must wish for it cold water on her? putting in the sack little sister but you four times, then if she opened the Laughing Man was now talking to must save some for your little cousin package and placed what was in it by her. "Yes little sister your grandmother who is herding the sheep today and the side of what she wanted she would was right. You are going to have your some for your grandmother and get her wish. Kayba had faith in wish. That is a $20 gold piece." mother." Her face became cool. Now she knew that he was a nice man for he was giving her candy to take home to grandmother. She liked him because he called her little sister and she was no longer afraid. And wouldn't the ladies like to look MardKock Shorty iu his pretty silver jewelry set with turquoise before they went across the of Death Valley bridge to the big stores? Yes. he knew they had! no money to buy jewelry with now, but didn't all Navajos like to look at it. They would see many beautiful things in the big stores but "We're looking for that place a golf course," persisted the no jewelry like this. they call the Devil's Golf Course," stranger. "What do they mean, There was a pretty little silver belt announced the driver of the big bringing us Americans out here like the one Mabah was wearing. Some station wagon which had just 300 miles from home to play golf day when she had enough lambs to stopped in front of Inferno serv- when there isn't any golf course?" sell she was going to buy one. And ice station. "We brought our golf "They jest call it that on ac- what a beautiful necklace and so many clubs along because this is one count o' them funny lookin' salt pretty bracelets and rings she didn't of the few places in California crystals down there," Shorty an- know which one she liked the best. we've never played before." swered. "Yu oughta go down She wished she had some of those "You'll have to ask Hard Rock and see 'em if you caint play pretty silver buttons that had turquoise Shorty about that," replied the golf. They're worth lookin' at. set in them to put on her yellow plush grease monkey who was on duty blouse. What fun it was trying all of "That's the saltiest place yu that morning. "I'm a newcomer ever seen. Onct Pisgah Bill got them on and wishing that she owned in these parts." them. the idea o' sackin" up that salt Hard Rock was dozing on the and packin' it out on burros to Now what was Laughing Man tak- much-whittled bench under the the railroad. He figgcred he ing out of the big iron box that had lean-to porch of the Inferno store. could make more at that than such thick doors? It was a leather bag "Hey Shorty, this feller wants minin' in that no-good lead mine and he was taking a bracelet out of it to know about the Devil's Golf o' his up in the Panamints. and handing it to her. Never before Course," shouted the attendant. had she seen anything so beautiful. "Bill worked a month gittin" Shorty opened his eyes and It had only a single turquoise in it but 10 tons o' that salt over to the looked the strangers over. Ob- it was the bluest of blues and the silver railroad at Ryan. Shipped it out viously they were dudes on their was heavy. All the other jewelry was to some rcfinin' outfit in Los An- first visit to Death Valley. forgotten. She wanted it more than geles. A few days later Pisgah anything she had ever seen. "Oh sister "Ain't no golf course in Death got a letter from the refinery 1 want to buy it." Valley," said Shorty. "We don't tellin' 'im to send 'em $11.53— go in fer them hifalutin' things cause the salt lacked that much "Hush, foolish little one. It is only o' payin' the freight charges. Navajos who arc wealthy and have lots up here. This is a work in' man's of sheep who can buy a bracelet like country." "So Bill went back to his lead this. "It might cost a hundred dollars." "But this nuide book says it's mine." "But 1 could weave rugs for it and 1 would work a whole year."

DESERT MAGAZINE DESERT CHRISTMAS--?*^ This story of a desert Christmas, written by Vivienne L. George of Chats- worih, California, was awarded first prize in Desert Magazine's "Life on the Desert" contest which closed on November 1. This experience of a desert woman whose hatred of the desert country was changed almost overnight, is typical of a transformation which has taken place in many homes in the arid Southwest during the last 100 years when the conquest of the desert country has been in progress. By VIVIENNE L. GEORGE

HHN THE doctor told Daddy After that it was ". . . at least till Hal- onto the mesa to gather algcrita that he had It) take his choice lowe'en." Milepost by milepost we branches which, in the absence of holly, of going to Arizona for his badgered the Lord through thai fall she fashioned into a huge wreath. We health or going to the grave, 1 think in and winter. When we heard from a made long festoons of the red seeds Mamma's mind those two places were cowboy the legend that whoever drinks from rattail cactus and strung screw- synonymous. It meant giving up all Oak Creek water will always return, beans gaily colored with crayons. the comforts of civilization as she had we made a ritual of going the first thing Mamma cut a branch of mesquite and known them and coming to live in a each morning to take a sip from the decorated it with bright strips of quilt wretched little shack which was all we stream bed. scraps for a Christmas tree. Branches could afford after Daddy's doctor bills One day Soapy Jones stopped to of mistletoe were hung all around the were paid. water his horse from our tank. Buzzy house. Mamma haled the desert. The fact and I swarmed out to pass the time of We had two chickens, a hen and a that there was scarcely money to exist day, and Mamma rushed out right be- rooster which Mamma had been sav- on, let alone to go "back home." made hind us to protect us from the "de- ing, hopeful of setting eggs in the it all the worse. She felt trapped. She moralizing influence of this ignorant spring; but now she killed the rooster used to walk up and down before the native." and made up platefuls of her special window and shake her list at the mesa Soapy heard her. He drew himself pressed chicken sandwiches, a delicacy rim above. up in his saddle and. with the dignity previously reserved for sta.te occasions "Look at it," she'd say. "it's like of the mesa itself, said, "You needn't like when the Tuesday Reading Club a fire-breathing monster, sitting out bother shooin' 'em in. Ma'am. I'm would meet with us back home. there brooding, biding its lime till it agoin'. 1 reckon I and everybody else Buzzy and 1 looked at the plates of wears us down and beats us! Someday Lip 'n' down Oak Creek knows what sandwiches and wondered if she knew it will win, and we'll be doomed like you think o' us. 1 got this to say just how maiiy neighbors we had, but the rest of the desert folk eking out though: This here's our way o' life, we didn't say anything. I guess some their days here!" and we love it. And I don't reckon of the neighbors wondered the same Buzzy and 1 never contradicted her; you can say anybody sent fer ye." thing, though. Pretty soon Pete Mar- ii wouldn't have been polite. But se- Buzzy and I held our breath. No- tinez' family came creaking up to the cretly we were enchanted with this body, just nobody ever challenged gate in their rickety little wagon drawn vast new world surrounding us. We Mamma with impunity. And now was by two scrawny ditch-working mules. made friends with everything—lizards, no exception. We could almost sec the We held our breath, knowing Mamma burros, hawks — everything delighted wheels go 'round as she thought it thought the Mexicans were not even us. And highly appreciated was the over. I guess she had been so busy people, but by the time Pete climbed fact that Arizona houses didn't have hating these "creatures of the desert" out and made a low bow, dolling his screened windows! When Mamma sent she had never thought of them as hu- wide-brimmed straw hat, Mamma had us in for our afternoon naps, we could mans. But by the time Soapy was caught sight of Baby Antonio. She shinny out the window, and keeping through speaking, she was ready for smiled at him, and when he gave her the wash between ourselves and the him. She said with a dignity matching back a one-toothed grin and held out house, slip off for an adventurous hour his own. "You're wrong. Mr. Soapy, 1 his arms you could almost see her or two making friends with the neigh- was sent for—by circumstances. I have resistance melt. bors. We loved them all indiscrimin- a Bible which says "For 1 have learned Pete bowed again and said, "Se- ately—Mexican, Indian, cowboy, even in whatsoever stale I am, therewith to nora, we have heard, my family and Old Tom the prospector, camped by a be content.'" I. that today you make the gran' fiesta. spring at the head of Sheep's Canyon. "So far." she continued, "I may have We think perhaps you do not know it Of course we were happy to see the been a bit remiss in my duty to cir- is the custom here for all who hear promise of a healthy tan creeping into cumstances." she paused while Buzzy of it to come. So we have bring some- Daddy's cheeks. But with each ounce and I stood open-mouthed, wondering thing along to reinforce with the re- of strength he gained, our apprehen- if Soapy recognized the miraculous freshments." Six of his kids piled out sion grew that this paradise would be transformation taking place before his of the wagon with a huge wooden plat- snatched out of our lives, and we eyes, then she went the whole way. ter of tamales. would have to go back to the tame "Tomorrow is Christmas, the birthday When Mamma saw the folks com- routine of "back home."' of One who came to teach us all to ing over the edge of the mesa, up the We saic. our prayers each night under dwell together in harmony. You may wash, and down the road, she saw Mamma's guidance; and then, when tell my neighbors that tomorrow my she would certainly need reinforce- she blew out the light and went away, family and I will hold open house in ments. But since Mamma had given we bounced out of bed to add a fer- His honor." them an opening, the open-hearted vent P.S.: "Please, God, let us stay Things went into high gear after neighbors were more than ready to here, at least till after school starts." that. Mamma took Buzzy and me out come the rest of the way. The Bar

JANUARY, 1952 27 Cross' missus sent in a roast goose. The Lazy P boys rode in with a ham. *De&c%t Ca 'Paetty . . . and then the T Bar chuckwagon rolled in and all the boys tell to digging a pit MIRAGE SONG OF A BOOT to warm up a whole calf they'd bar- By JACK SPEIRS By MIRIAM R, ANDHRSON bequed the day before. Camarillo, California San Bernardino, California Things really got going then. Shorty There's a city just before me through a My boots hang dusty from a nail, Peters had brought his guitar and Crying for a mountain trail. shimm'rin' haze of heat, everybody was hunkered down on his Crying for the space to sense heels around the lire, singing songs There's a fountain splashin' gleamin' silver Nature's wise beneficence. and swapping yarns. Pete Martinez' water in the street. Open miles stretched far below— oldest bey and girl danced the Jarabe. There's a lake a-rollin' waves upon a shore Muted streams that through them How— beneath the trees. Lordly pine tops guard the slopes and Anabcl Begasonbegay, who cooked And I'm crawlin' to that city, through the Dropping sharply without rope lor Mrs. Nichols and called the Nichols sand, upon my knees. To fence them. Not a human voice speaks people "ncr folks." sang some Navajo there. songs. Through the sand that keeps a-luggin', over But a deer poises still, and has no fear. rocks that burn my hand. Even Mamma forgot herself and had 'Round and round the switchbacks go While a brassy sun is glarin' on an arid, Through lone sand that gleams like snow. a wonderful time. She sang songs from thirsty land. Breathe the horse at yonder pass— light opera and told some funny stories But there's water there before me—I can 'irccs and grass will soon he past. about wiieri she was in college. The see it—nearly hear . . . Above tree line! And the mind only trouble we had was when the Hear the sound of waves a-lappin', and the Reels at distance that unwinds Pothook boys rode in. We thought fountain splashin' clear. Below. Lakes and cities, thumbnail size— iure there'd be a light then. Hven Miniatures that challenge eyes! But it seems to move before me. keeps a- Oh. such grandeur I recall Mamma had heard about the bad blood movin'. doesn't stay- From the boots now on the wall. between them and the Lazy P. on ac- It's been there for near an hour and it's just count of so many Pothook calves al- as far away. ways following Lazy P mothers. The Now it seems to be a-fadin' . . . fadin' . . . LONGING Lazy P boys stood up and reached to fadin' . . . God, it's gone! No! It's still up there before me . . . Keep By ELIZABETH SARGENI their hips before they remembered Ontario California about leaving their guns at home be- a-crawlin', crawlin' on. cause it was Christmas. I have roamed far places of the earth 1 can reach it ... Got to reach il, for there's Where Nature's beauties I could share, But Mamma stood up between them water there . . . and shade. But now I only want the chaparral. with her feet square and wide apart It's the sand a-blowiir in my eyes that makes And peace, in desert scen'.ed air. like the ranch folks stand, and said it seem to fade. slow and deliberate, almost like a It's the sand a-blowin' on the wind, a searin' For I have known a desert night. blast of heat. Have seen a red star hanging near, western drawl: "Boys, this is my party. And the fountain keeps a-splashin", splashin' Have felt the desert's firm warm arms I'm giving it for my friends. There's water in the street. And heard her muled music in my ear. nobody who's not welcome here as • • • ong as they come in peace and go in Seems 1 can't go any farther . . . gol to stop peace." Then she walked over and and rest awhile. GHOST OF AN OLD CAMPFIRE shook hands with the Pothook fore- Think 1 must be gettin' closer ... at the By SHEILA O'NEILL man and wished him Merry Christmas most about a mile. Fallon, Nevada I'll just close my eyes and rest them from Up from far down the valley just like she had everybody else. Old the desert's burnin' light. Lorn went back to telling his story Floating now low, now higher I can make it to the city—and the fountain Comes a wisp of smoke-grey mist. about how he crawled in an under- —yes . . . tonight. The ghost of an old campfire. ground cave and struck a vein two miles back under House Mountain. The ghost of a sage-brush fire And we all ate and laughed together By the side of the trail piled high THE DESERT IS A GAUNT LAND Against the gathering dusk jven though the Pothook boys shot up By GRACE BARKER WILSON And a coyote's far-off cry. two Lazy P riders in a range fight only Kirtland, New Mexico two days later. Flinging its cheering light The desert is a gaunt land. Flames rising higher and higher — It was late when they all left. We Yellowed, stony-ribbed; Fighting the fears of the night could hear them singing out across the A haunting and a want land With swords of sage-brush fire. mesa on their dilfcrent ways home. With stark hunger cribbed. And then we went inside and found Up from far down the valley The desert is a bare land Rising now low, now higher the presents under our mesquite Christ- When copper sun is bright: Comes a wisp of smoke-grey mist mas tree, where different ones had But, oh, il is a fair land The ghost of an old campfire. slipped inside and left them when Under white moonlight. Mamma didn't know. There were things like spurs and a Mexican quirt for Buzzy and hand embroidered nap- moonlight against the sky. After a while she said "There's a basic con- kins for Mamma. Last of all. 'way By TANYA SOUTH down underneath, v/e found Old Tom's tinuity there in that mesa that is beau- tiful. Just like the desert's children Clearly 1 see each sign and portent present, a dirty leather poke half full For worth or evil yet to come. of nuggets. are beautifully fundamental and basic." Our good or bad reveals important Mamma cried a long time after we Buzzy and I didn't know what those Deep traits that Destiny become. found that. 1 guess it washed her words meant, but for the first time "Lis we ourselves who are arranging clean like the thunder showers wash since we'd been here, we didn't pester Our sulphur and our matches too, the Lord with any P.S. to our prayers. And all our fortunes constant chang- the air over the mesas. Then she went ing— outside and looked up to where the Somehow we knew the desert had won. By how we think and what we do. Mogollon Rim was etched in clear We were going to stay.

28 DESERT MAGAZINE Richard Van Valkenburgh sold his Editing proved to be a very different first story to Desert Magazine in 1939 kind of experience from that of teach- —in fact it was the first story he sold ing art in the public schools. For years to any publication. During the inter- she had made her own program, di- vening 12 years he has written 40 recting art projects and lecturing. Ed- illustrative feature articles for Desert. iting on the other hand called for a His writing career began when he rigorous schedule conforming to the Gus Wirt makes no claims to being was a member of the Indian Bureau ideas of another. She was restless for a professional writer, but so much of stall at Ft. Defiance, and later at Win- the open air of free expression. his life has been spent on the desert dowrock, and all of his early manu- This freedom she found in the and his acquaintance among the old- scripts were about the Navajo Indians Southwest desert at Santa Fe, New timers is so wide that he has accumu- whom he learned to know very inti- Mexico, and at Tucson, Arizona. Her lated man;/ interesting tales—and The mately after he learned to speak their life in recent years has been private Lost Shotgun mine of the Sheep Hole language. art leaching, designing, painting the mountains in this issue of Desert is Later Van left the Indian service desert scene, and above all writing on one of them. and lived for several years at Tucson Southwest subjects. The desert is a Wirt first heard the story of the where he wrote a series of radio pro- paradise, according to Miss Wads- Lost Shotgun when he had a shop at grams which were presented over the worth, for the artist and writer. Twentynine Palms. The story, he says, Tucson station KTUC for 132 weeks. 9 O O is true in every detail—although the For the past year he has made his Barry Goldwater, who wrote the location of the mine is one of the mys- home at Santa Barbara but for health story of the Hawkeye Natural Bridge teries that remain unsolved. reasons has done only limited writing. in northern Arizona for the October Gus' idea of the perfect way of life In submitting the story "We Found issue of Desert Magazine, was re- is to own a little rock shop, make the Lost Cave of the San Martins" for elected to membership in the Phoenix frequent prospecting trips—and write this issue of Desert Magazine, Van City Council at an election in Novem- about what he learns in his roaming stated that his health has so far im- ber. Barry received the largest vote about the desert. proved he plans to return to the Nav- in a field of 12 candidates for the six ajo country. "During the 13 years I places on the Phoenix Council. lived with the Navajo I collected a • • • It isn't often that Desert Magazine lifetime of material" he writes, "the William Caruthers, who in past buys a manuscript from the far eastern only obstacle to its publication being years has written several historical seaboard. Generally, the folks back the need for photographs. But now I features for Desert Magazine readers, cast do not know the desert well enough have a Graflex and when I return to was one of six western authors who to write about it. However, the his- the Indian country I will be in a posi- were honored at a barbecue breakfast tory of the West is as well told in the tion to get the pictures which editors held on the golf course at Furnace libraries of New York as in the li- always want." Creek ranch in connection with the braries of (iesert cities—the same books Few writers know the Navajo as third annual Death Valley Encamp- may be found both places. Hence, it well as Van Valkenburgh, and Desert's ment of 49ers December 1 and 2. A was possible for Harold Gluck to be- editors will welcome more of his manu- year ago Caruthers published Loafing come a contributor to Desert Magazine scripts from the Indian country. Along Death Valley Trails, a book by doing research work in the library • • • about many of the men and women at New York City, where he lives and Beula M. Wadsworth. author of this who played leading roles in the early teaches history in the schools. The month's story of Tumacacori Mission, days of Death Valley. The book has episode in the building of the trans- came to a crossroads decision on her had wide sale all over the United States. continental telegraph line across the graduation from high school—to be United States, written for this issue of an artist or to be a writer. ANSWERS TO DESERT QUIZ Desert Magazine by Gluck, was found Art took the lead in her earlier life, in Mark Twain's Roughing It, copy- through channels of public education. Questions arc on page 24 righted in 1871. Year by year her experiences as art I—Every time it changes its skin. Gluck is a Doctor of Philosophy, teacher and director in Michigan built 2—Sotol was one of the food planls specializes in research of the Old West, up a backlog of material which seemed of desert Indians. writes some fiction, and is an enthusi- worthy of publication. 3—Highway 80. astic outdoor man, his recreating rang- She prepared her first article with 4—Virgin River. ing from tennis to fishing, and from illustrative photographs in a neat parcel 5—Utah. skiine to tennis. and posted it to a strange editor. Her 6—1847. courage was promptly rewarded with 7—A writer of western books. an acceptance letter and later a check. X—Paiutes. Marion G. Mastin, who wrote this This turning point in her life led to 9—Billy the Kid. month's story about the deep sea diver writing twenty or more articles for the 10—Cinnabar. at Hoover dam, is a chemical engineer same editor during the next few years 1 1—Camel driver. by profession but writing is one of his —every manuscript accepted. 12—A tributary of Canyon de Chelly. favorite hobbies. He also collects rocks After having made the acquaintance 1 3—Cattle raising. and desert wood and converts them of the editor during a summer trip 14—Acoma Indians. into household ornaments and even abroad, there came a letter from him 15—Highway 66. furniture. suggesting that she come out to Cali- 16—Utah. Mastin is a native of Iowa and his fornia to work as assistant editor on 1 7—Corn. work has taken him all over the world. the magazine. 18—Chemehuevis, whose tribal lands He got his first glimpse of the Nevada Accordingly, after two months of are now at the bottom af Lake desert in 1936 and eventually returned training for editorial work with the Havasu. to Boulder City to make his home publishers of The School Arts Maga- 19—Phoenix. "because I think this is the best all- zine, she became an assistant editor 20—Death Valley. around climate I have ever seen." at Stanford.

JANUARY, 1952 29 Austin, Nevada . . . 0 A new mineral previously unknown to science has been discovered in Per- shing County, Nevada, according to information released by the Bureau of Mines. The mineral was found by Edgar H. Bailey of the Geological Sur- vey in 1943, during an investigation Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . Randsburg, California . . . of quick silver deposits at the Red Bird Laguna Indians arc reported to have Scores of small mines and prospects Mine in Pershing County. Although found uranium ore on their reservation, are under development on the schec- originally suspected to be zincenite or halfway between Grants—site of the lite-bearing belt extending approxi- jamesonite. it could not be identified first atomic ore in New Mexico—and mately 100 miles from Atolia to immediately. After preliminary tests Albuquerque. The discovery has Bishop, Inyo county, and more pros- failed to place the mineral, X-ray pic- touched off speculation that the total pectors are searching for new deposits. tures revealed the sample contained uranium field may extend 100 to 120 Surcease Mining Company, said to be the typical pattern of boulangcrite and miles in length and 80 miles in width. the nation's fourth largest tungsten lead-antimony sulfide, which had been Members of the U. S. Atomic Energy producer, is operating its properties produced synthetically. The new min- Commission reportedly have inspected and concentration plant at top capacity eral was named "robinsonite" after the the area, but there has been no indica- at Red Mountain in the Atoiia area. Queen's University professor whose in- tion of their findings.—Mining Record. Many small operators report produc- vestigations provided the key to iden- • • o tion is materially retarded by lack of a tification.—Reese River Reveille. Moab, Utah . . . government purchasing depot and the A topographical survey of the area restricted sales outlet. — Mining Rec- 0 0 9 west of Moab between the Colorado ord. Battle Mountain, Nevada . . . and Green rivers will be made by the o • s A large deposit of barite, situated United States Geological Survey at Tombstone, Arizona . . . approximately 45 miles south of Battle once. The survey is being undertaken Renewal of old-time mining activity Mountain and across the Mill Creek on behalf of the Atomic Energy Com- in Tombstone seems to be indicated summit, has been leased by the West- mission to speed development of the by the recent purchase from the Tomb- vaco Company of California. Exten- recently discovered uranium deposits stone Development Company of 96 sive drilling operations now are under of the Grand county and adjacent dis- connecting claims which cover all the way to determine the extent and grade tricts.— Moab Tiines-Indepcndent. Tombstone area. New owners, who of the ore. Early samples showed as- • • • locate in Chicago, plan to begin devel- says of high grade barite. — Battle Albuquerque, New Mexico . . . opment operations this year. Higher Mountain Scout. Santa Fe Railway has organized a market for local mineral products, par- • • • new corporation, Haystack Mountain ticularly lead, prompted the purchase. Vernal, Utah . . . Development Company, to mine uran- Water from the inundated ore fields, It is now commercially feasible to ium ore recently discovered on com- flooded in the 1880's will be piped to extract oil from shale, according to pany property near Grants, New Mex- Tucson, it is believed. — Tombstone Secretary of the Interior Oscar L. ico. Haystack currently is negotiating Epitaph. Chapman. The Bureau of Mines be- with Anaconda Copper Company for e • • lieves its shale oil process developed the sale and delivery of its ore. Rock Lovelock, Nevada . . . at Rifle. Colorado, is now ready for bearing uranium ore was discovered A recent 40-ton carload shipment large-scale commercial development, on Santa Fe land early in 1951 by a of gold ore from the Buffalo Valley said Chapman. Proven by Pilot-plant 59-year-old sheepherdcr, Paddy Mar- mine to a Utah smelter yielded $6,400, operation, the method would add bil- tinez. Result of exploration proved the according to a report issued by Bob lions of barrels of potential reserves deposit Lo be of sufficient quality and Ostrander, part owner of the mine. to the nation's proven reserves.— Ver- quantity to justify mining.—Humboldt Income from the shipment, which was nal Express. Star. taken from surface workings, is suffi- coo • ii • Yerington, Nevada . . . cient to justify mining and work is con- Cedar City, Utah . . . tinuing.—Milling Record. Sodium nitrate, valuable in the pro- Announcement from the Defense • • o Minerals Procurement Agency revealed duction of munitions, has come princi- Pioche, Nevada . . . pally from Chile and South Africa. No an agreement with Anaconda Copper Provisions of great importance to the deposits have been known in the company for a five-year tax amortiza- metal mining industry, lending encour- tion of 75 percent of a huge copper agement in the search for and develop- United States but a "hush-hush" dis- development at Yerington, Nevada." It ment of new mining resources, are in- covery in southern Utah indicates that is estimated the development will cost corporated in the 1951 tax-increase this important mineral has been un- a maximum of approximately $40,- legislation. One section provides that covered about 40 miles west of Cedar 000,000. Anaconda will invest about expenditures incurred in developing a City in Iron county. A check with the $32,750,000 in developing the prop- mine, after existence of a commercial land office in Salt Lake City has re- erty, which has an estimated life span ore body has been disclosed, are de- vealed that two applications have been of 10 Vz years. Actual production of ductible in the current year from other- made to the Federal government for copper is expected to get under way wise taxable income, unless the mine sodium prospecting permits, and the early in 1953, and the company be- owner prefers to defer them and charge filings have been made on 5000 acres lieves a minimum of 192.000 tons can off ratably as the ore developed is of land in Iron county. It has been be procuced by 1959. When devel- mined. This recognition of develop- learned by the Record that imports oped, the Yerington mine, one of the ment expenditures as an operating ex- from Chile of sodium nitrate have been biggest in recent Nevada history, will pense, independent of percentage of drastically cut during recent years due be second in size only to the huge depletion, has been urged by the indus- to the production of synthetic sub- Kennecott workings in White Pine try for nearly ten years.—Pioche Rec- stitutes in this country.—Iron County county.—Humboldt Star. ord. News.

30 DESERT MAGAZINE A

ARIZONA totaled $3,075, at the rate of $75 for Hopis Protest Modern Life . . . each animal. Bounties were not paid PHOENIX—"They are mere boys on those taken by government agents. with new ideas, the white man's ideas," —Graham County Guardian. said Hopi elders to Governor Howard • a • Pyle in a conference protesting the Yuma Project Approved . . . newly-formed Arizona inter-tribal In- WASHINGTON—Secretary of In- dian council, an organization of terior Oscar Chapman has approved younger tribal leaders. Governor Pyle terms of a contract under wh-ch the had suggested formation of the council. bureau of reclamation will supply water The traditional leaders told the gov- to irrigate 75,000 acres of farm land ernor that only they can speak for the near Yuma. Under the agreement, the true Hopi way of life and that the reclamation bureau will deliver water young people of the tribe disregard on both sides of the Gila River 20 the traditional leaders so have no miles east of Yuma and extending 50 Now You're Cooking standing. miles along the river through to Dome. Wellton and Roll areas of Arizona. With Mesquite "There are those among your people Colorado River water will be conveyed who are determined not to remain in to the project area through the Gila . . . chips oi Arizona desert wood poverty and want," Gov. Pyle re- gravity main canal. Water users even- . . . just a few on the charcoal fire minded the elders. "I don't know that tually will repay the government $42,- bring a new succulent flavor to they want to forget they are Hopi or 000,000 for construction of the irriga- your barbecuing . . . pungent de- that they want to abondon Hopi relig- tion works and other expenditures. lightful aroma . . . enough chips ion. But they do want the white man's This is the largest amount ever required for 10 to 15 barbecues ... try them, education and hospitals, and to become under a reclamation bureau repayment or send to a friend . . . $2.95, pre- independent and able to support them- contract for irrigation.—Tucson Daily paid anywhere in U. S. selves without complete dependence on Citizen. the federal government. MESQUITE, Ltd. "There is no desire to impose the • • • 31 N. 1st St. white man's way upon the old leaders. Arizona's Population Jumps . . . Phoenix, Arizona I recognize your traditions and deep WASHINGTON—Arizona's popu- tribal feelings, but you must realize lation increase of 250,326 in the 1940- the younger people are insisting some- 1950 census was the largest numerical thing be done about the lot of the gain in the history of the state, accord- young. ing to the final report of the 1950 cen- "Because of this insistance, I and sus. Arizona's rate of growth of 50.1 others who sincerely want to help solve percent was second only to California's "72"X96" OUTER COVER OF FINEST 9.01 OZ OLIVE DRAB some of the problems that face them 53.3 percent. National rate of increase BAG OVER HEAD,ELIMINATES DRAFTS-LEAVES ROO R BREATHING."TH TENT UNECE5SARY. "80 SO. DOWN PROOF OD. SHEET are trying to lay out a plan for their for the period was 14.5 percent. — PROTECTS QUILTS. 'COVER ft SHEET , future."—Tucson Daily Citizen. Holbrook Tribune-News. 72"X84" l'/4 LB. (NET FILLING) DOWN QUILTS WITH DOWN e • • TIE INTO BAG. COLOR CHOICE-GREEN - ROSE CASA GRANDE — With abolish- Discuss Organ Pipe Park . . . •72 X84 3 LB. WOOL QUILTS WITH ment of the Indian Service superin- BO SQ DOWN PROOF WATER REPELLENT NEW YORK—Promotion of Organ • COVER-TABS TO TIE INTO BAG. SI3»5 EAC Pipe Cactus national monument to the tendent's position at Sacaton. the Pima 4 LB. (SAME AS ABOVE) il596EACH. status of a national park is an aim of Indians gain additional responsibilities. the national parks system, according Under the new setup, the tribe will to Secretary of the Interior Oscar operate most of the agricultural devel- Chapman. The change is proposed for opment of the reservation. — Casa "the more secure protection afforded" Grande Dispatch. by park status.—Tucson Daily Citizen. 6 0S • • • CALIFORNIA Honey Production Up . . . HOLBROOK — Arizona's 195 1 Last Hereditary Chief Dies . . . honey crop tentatively is estimated at PALM SPRINGS —Albert Santos 5,621,000 pounds by the bureau of Patencio, last of the hereditary chief- agricultural economics. This is six per- tains of the Agua Caliente Indians, died cent more than the 5,304.000 pounds in Palm Springs after a long period of produced in 1950. — Holbrook Trib- poor health. His age is listed officially How to save $100 or more une-News. as 72, but according to local Indians buying your next car... O O O he was nearer 100 years old. Patencio's Just off the press—Sensational car buyers' guide. Shows you how u> get your money's Fewer Lions, Wolves Now . . . life was closely allied with Palm Springs worth of good used ear. Inside tips, in sim- GRAHAM COUNTY—Forty-three history. He was the first handy man ple language, cover every angle of spotting a good car. Helps you save lime, money mountain lions and two wolves were at the Desert Inn in 1909 and used to and headaches. Highly recommended by mc'chaires and auto specialists MOXEY- killed in Arizona in the period from drive the team to the Southern Pacific BACK GUARANTEE. Send only SI Now, to: July 1 to November 15. Bounties paid station to get provisions and guests— Cohan's Automotive Svce., Dept. A, bv the state livestock sanitary board Desert Sun. 83-39, 1116 St., Kew Gardens, New York

JANUARY, 1952 31 Seek Heat Resistant Cattle . . . CALEXICO — Finding the best breed of beef cattle for year-round use THE DESERT TRRDMG POST in hot areas of California—or develop- Classified Advertising in This Section Costs 8c a Word, $1.00 Minimum Per Issue ing a new strain if necessary—is the final objective of tests in progress by the animal husbandry division of the University of California. Collecting INDIAN GOODS REAL ESTATE data on established breeds is the in- FOUR PERFECT AND FINE Indian Arrowheads FOR SALE At Snow Creek near Palm Springs. itial phase of the project, which is Si.00. 2 large arrowheads $1.00; extra fine Modern 1 bedroom furnished stucco house. stone iomahawk $2.00; I beautiful bird ar- Garage, butane gas. Leased land. High t\v<.- being carried out at the Imperial Val- rowheads $1.00; 2 flint knives 81.00; fine erl area. $f>000. Telephone Ruff, Oxford 149- effigy peaee pipe SS.OO; bone fish hook $2.00; 024, 5415 So. Carley, Whittier. ley Field Station in El Centre A small 6" or over spearhead $5.00, thin and perfect. herd of Brown Swiss—a type known List Free. Lear's, (denwood, Arkansas, FOR SALE: Two La Qu'nta lots, Edgar X. WE SEARCH UNCEASINGLY for old and rare Carter, 1713 Lyndon Street. South Pasadena, to stand heat reasonably well—is now Indian Artifacts, but seldom accumulate a California. under test for adaptability to the region. large assortment. Collectors seem as eager to possess them as their original owners. To DESERT ADOBE with 1600 feet of Living space. —Calexico Chronicle. those who like real Indian things, a hearty Lot 100x250. On highway 111 near Palm Des- welcome. You too may find here something ert. Tile roof, tub and shower, gas and elec- you have long desired. We are continually tricity. A real bargain in a desert home. Full Increas rtg our stock with the finest in Navajo price $14,500. Carl l tenderson, 1 'ioneer Real- Sierra Club Scales Peaks . . . rutfs, Indian baskets, and hand-made jewelry. tor, Box 201, IV.m Desert, phone 76-2251. Daniels Trading Post, 101 W, Foothill Blvd., BISHOP—Two peaks cast of Pana- Fontana, California. NICE DESERT ACRE with two homes. Income $100 per month. Total price $10,500. Terms. mint Valley were scaled recently by 58 FOR SALE: Antique Indian collection. Many Write Box 162 Thermal, California, Ronald Sierra Club hikers. Kenneth Rich of oil as, mo tat os, baskets, artifacts, etc. Box L. Johnson. the Desert Peak chapter at China Lake iso, Julian, California. $4350 WILL BUY a well-constructed one-bed- room home In the Dos 1'almas Estates. Six captained the group in its climbs of BOOKS — MAGAZINES inch walls of poured pu mice-concrete. A Coso peak, elevation 8100 feet, and beautiful desert location — only nine miles HOOKS POUND: Any subject, any author. Fast northeast of Palm Springs, No Fog, No Maturango peak, elevation 8850 feet. service. Send wants—no obligation. Interna- Smog! U. H. McDonald. Desert I lot Springs, tional Bookfinders. Box 3003-D, Beverly Hills, California. It is believed that this was the largest California. single party ever to scale these peaks. PANNING COLD -- Another hobby for Hock MISCELLANEOUS —Inyo Register. Hounds and Desert Roamers. A new booklet. "What the Beginner Needs to Know," 36 pages CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWER seeds. 20 kinds 0 O » of instructions; 1also catalogue of mining books mixed, 25c pkt. o pkts. $1.00. Ivan Settles, and prospectors supplies, maps of where to go Rt. 1, Elsinore, California. Cajon Pass Job Begun . . . and blue prints of hand machines you can SAN BERNARDINO — Work has build. Mailed postpaid 25c, coin or stamps. COLOR SLIDES—Travel, Nature, Geology, etc. Old Prospector, Box 729, Desk 5, Lodi, Calif. Free list (with sample 30c, three for dollar). begun on the first section of a highway HOOKS: Of the Old West. Early maps and Kelly D. Choda, Los Alamos, New Mexico. over Cajon Pass, from Dcvore to Vic- prints. American Indian Artifacts. We lo- CRAFTSMEN — HOBBYISTS — COLLECTORS: torville. The initial project calls for cate anf y book, no obligation, .John London, Desert Woods for sale. Different from any Box 20, i-D, Evergreen, Colorado. other. Ironwood, Screwbean and Honey Bean, construction of a four-lane arterial Mesquite, Catalpa, Western Sumac Hurl. Man- BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES zanita, Cholla & Saguaro cactus, in log form from a point six-tenths of a mile north or cut to your specifications. Excellent for of Devorc to a spot two-tenths of a FABULOUS EARNINGS — Fascinating pastime. use as veneer, inlays, lamps, bookends, howls Crow in g Genuine, living miniature (Ming) or almost anything. Make your own gift items, mile south of the Gish underpass, a Trees. New Sensational Business or 1 lobby. Instructions and suggestions included with Astounding information FREE. Dwarf Car- each order. Ironwood, Mesquite. Catalpa SI.00 distance of 10 miles. Second phase of dens. Box 355N, Briggs Station. Los Angeles 1b cut, 50c log form. Sumac logs & Hurls the overall project calls for extension 48, California. (scarce) $2.00 1b. cut, $1.00 log form. Cholla cactus 50c to $1.50 per foot rough, sawed in of the thoroughfare to the Cajon sum- veneer strips $2.00 sq ft. Saguaro cactus logs •SI.50 to $-1.00 per foot. Postage. Write your mit. It is expected that the latter job needs. Lower prices on special orders. David K. Jones, The Woodologist, Box 1028, Palm will be let sometime next spring or Pirion Incense... Springs, California. early summer. -- Las Vegas Review- DESERT TEA. One pound one dollar postpaid. Journal. Bring the delightful fragrance Greasewood Greenhouses, Lenwood, Barstow, e • a of the Pinon Forest into your California SILVERY DESERT HOLLY PLANTS: One dollar Davis Dam Nears Completion . . . home or office. The burner is a each postpaid. Greasewood Greenhouses, Len miniature model of the outdoor wood, Barstow, California. SAN FRANCISCO—Work has be- baking ovens used by prehis- COLOR SLIDES: Photomicrographs of rare gun on the last major contract in the types of Agate. World Travelogs; Grand building of Davis Dam and power toric Indians, and still in use in Canyon, Petrified Forest, Yosemite, Carlsbad New Mexico pueblos. When Caverns, White Sands, Indian Ruins, Big Bend, plant. The contract provides for com- Brice, Zion. Wild F lowers, cacti, reptiles. the little cones of genuine pinon Four samples 2x2 or stereo and literature, pleting the concrete basin structure, •SI.00. Dave Harris. 2-101 Pittsburg, El Paso. excavating a spillway outlet channel pine are burnsd in this tiny Texas. oven the aroma is a breath of and improving the channel of the Col- DESERT TEA: Ticked fresh from the Mohave orado River. The stilling basin will the outdoor Southwest. Desert natural tea gardens. Healthful, in- vigorating. $1.00 per It), postpaid. Desert control the force of watcrflow at the Kills kitchen and bathroom Tea Co., 125 Erin Drive, Needles, California. spillway and thus insure safety to the odors and removes the smell of PROSPECTORS AND ROCKHOUNDS WANTED. dam and powerhouse as well as pre- stale tobacco. Pueblo Indians To join the newly incorporated United Pros- pectors Organization. If you are experienced vent downstream damage in the event burn pinon for nasal and bron- or beginners the articles in our magazine are bound to help you enjoy your hobby and the of an unusually heavy flood.—Recla- chial ailments. outdoors. Send your name for our new bro- mation Era. chure and literature. United Prospectors, Box Burner and IS cones....$1.59 729, Lodi, California, 9 e e Burner and 54 cones.... 2.70 FIND YOUR OWN beautiful Cold nuggets! It's COACHELLA — Ward H. Grant, Extra cones, 3S for 1.25 fun! Beginners illustrated instruction book $1.00. Gold pan, $2.00. Where to go? Gold veteran Coachclla Valley newspaper- placer maps, Southern California, Nevada. Postpaid to You Arizona, $1.00 each state. All three maps man, is new owner and publisher of S2.00. Desert Jim, Box 604 Stockton, Calif. the Desert Barnacle. Retiring publish- LADY GODIVA "The World's Finest Beautifler." ers are Mr. and Mrs. William T. Noble, DESERT CRAFTS SHOP For women who wish to become beautiful, for women who wish to remain beautiful. An who purchased the paper three years Palm Desert, California outstanding desert cream. For information, write or call Lola Barnes, 963 No. Oakland, ago. Noble's ill health prompted the Pasadena 6, Calif, or phone SYeamore 4-2378. sale.—Desert Barnacle.

DESERT MAGAZINE Indian Lands Up For Sale . . . Indians Oppose Freedom Bill . . . to publish a new Boulder City paper. BANNING—Nine tracts of Indian BANNING — Sixteen reservations He had hoped to continue the Goldfield land in Riverside county have been put were represented at the intcr-tribal News there as well, but various prob- up for sale by the Bureau of Indian meeting of Southern California Indians lems make this unfeasible.—Tonopah Affairs. Included arc two and a half called to discuss a proposed bill to ter- Times-Bonanza. acres on Highway 99 frontage in Ban- minate federal supervision over Indian o o « ning and a 20-acre tract adjacent to affairs in California. The Indians are Society Given V.&T. Records . . . the Palm Springs residential section. afraid of the bill, which would release TONOPAH—Authors Lucius Beebe The nine tracts, "appraised at $92,831, them from their present state of ward- and Charles Clcgg have presented to consist of public domain Indian allot- ship. They feel it is being unsympa- the Nevada State Historical Society a ments, purchased lands held in trust thetically railroaded through Congress. collection of photographs and papers by the Indian Bureau and reservation Delegates at the meeting voted to ask allotments. Money gained from the a Congressional investigation to learn sales, part of a program designed to the facts about the Indians and the A must on the Desert Lover's Book Sliclf free California Indians from reserva- land before legislation is passed. — tions, will go to the Indians. Descrip- Banning Record. LOAFING ALONG tion of the land and information re- o o o garding methods of bidding can be NEVADA DEATH VALLEY TRAILS obtained from the Sacramento Area Publication Suspended . . . Before you visit the Big Sink at the office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bottom of America, by all means read this P.O. Box 749.—Banning Record. GOLDFIELD — Unable to cope book. o o n with increasingly more difficult eco- IT'S A MAN'S BOOK Blythe May Have State Fair . . . nomic conditions, the Goldfield News and Beatty Bulletin has suspended pub- BUT WOMEN BUY MORE COPIES BLYTHE—Blythe may become the Authentic, factual, human interest stories home of I he third Riverside County lication. The Goldfield News was es- of colorful characters who lived, loved and annual state-financed fair. Negotiations tablished in 1905 and has served the lied one day at a time. are underway between Palo Verde Esmeralda gold camp area since that Stories of fortunes made or lost over- time. The paper's plant recently was night. Daring men. Girls "beautiful but delegates and the California State Com- damned." Romance and revelry. Ghost mittee on Fairs and Exhibitions. The moved to Boulder City, where Bob Crandall, editor and publisher, plans towns, Lost mines. Delightful rascals and Palo Verde: Rodeo Association has pro- the tall tales of far horizons. posed to deed to the State its 28-acre AN OUTSTANDING GIFT BOOK rodeo park within the Blythe city 'EVERYTHING FOR THE HIKER' At better book stores everywhere. $3.85 limits. Members of the association California buyers add 11 cents sales tax. would stand tc receive $500 to $700 Published by each if the park were sold; but they SLEEPING BAGS THE DESERT MAGAZINE PRESS have decided to give it to the state if AIR MATTRESSES Palm Desert, California it will establish a district agricultural association fair.—Indio News. SMALL TENTS and many other items LUXURY CLIMATE Next Year . . . Follow the FOR KALI-]. Acre and 2 acre homesit.es, el . 3200 in desert foothills, mountain water J WILDERNESS TRAILS VAN DEGRIFT'S HIKE HUT piped to lot. Superb views, .-ill year health spot. From $750, $15 mo. up, reas. down for Unforgettable Vacations! 717 West Seventh Street payment. Six photos mailed free with info. Explore the lane of the Supai Indians . . . LOS ANGELES 14. CALIFORNIA WRITE C. C. BATTEliLE on horsebeck or afoot ... to the "Gem of Lucerne Valley, San Bernardino Co., Calif. the Grand Canyon" . . . see waterfalls higher than Niagara ... in a paradise of wilderness beauty ... or discover inspir- ing trails in the High Sierra. ASK YOUR CONTRACTOR ABOUT "PRECISION BUILT' Trips for mixed parties now being organ- ized for Spring, Summer, Fall, 1952. HAVASU CANYON RED CINDER BLOCKS Mar. into June. Minimum Trip 8 days from SI 15 JOHN MUIR TRAIL of the Sierra Nevada You'll have year July into Sep:. Minimum Trip 7 days from S60 around comfort HAVASU CANYON with Sept. thru Oct. Minimum Trip 8 days from $115 "Precision Built" Write for li erature, details and reservations RED CINDER OR WAMPLER TRAIL TRIPS 1940 Hearst Ave., Berkeley 9, California PUMICE BLOCKS Homes of Distinction are built with THIS IS IT! PLANS AVAILABLE $10.00 down $10.00 per month DESERT CINDER BLOCKS FOR buys rich virgin land in San Ber- DESERT HOMES narcino County. Only $10.00 to $30.00 per acre (full price). Ideal for poultry or hideaway. PON & TRANSIT MIXED CONCRETE CO. CO., 711 N. Azusa Ave., Azusa, 3464 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena 8 California. Fleetwood 4-2991. RYAN 1-6329 or Corona Phone 1340

JANUARY. 19 5 2 33 which record the history and operation supply for the Newlands project, ac- of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, cording to watermaster Harry Richards. most celebrated of the bonanza short After The precipitation, Lahontan Dam Why do lines of the Old West. The acquisitions stood at 117,672 acre feet. Flood include large photomural reproduc- danger was estimated at a minimum, DESERT MAGAZINE tions of photographs of the V. & T. water sheds being in good condition to trains and locomotives, old passenger handle excessive water.—Fallon Stan- READERS tickets, waybills and posters collected dard. by Beebe and Clegg during the years • c • buy loose leaf binders of their intensive research into the his- Atom Test Camp to Stay . . . tory of the line. Officials of the his- LAS VEGAS—Camp Desert Rock ? i ? torical society hope that eventually has been officially designated by the • • • enough V. & T. material may be col- Army as history's first permanent lected to fill a complete alcove in the atomic maneuvers camp. Brig. Gen. Here are some of the answers: museum.—Tonopah Times-Bonanza. Burdette W. Fitch, former acting dep- "I refer to my Desert Magazine • • • uty commanding officer of the Sixth Army, will be in command of the files more often than any other Wider Road to Atom Tests . . . books in my library" . . . writes camp, which lies 65 miles from Las one long-time subscriber. LAS VEGAS -- Because of heavy Vegas. Desert Rock was the head- increase in traffic, the road from L.as quarters for more than 5000 G.I.s who "My husband and I like to Vegas to Camp Desert Rock will be participated in the series of atomic keep the magazines with the widened, according to Huston Mills, tests at Yucca Flat. Unofficial estimates ghost town maps—for we hope slate highway engineer. The highway placed the number of troops to be some day to visit these places" department has urgently requested that stationed there at 1000 to 1500.—Salt writes another. the bureau and the war department Lake Tribune. "Your magazine is the finest give immediate approval of the proj- • • • vacation guide in all the South- ect so that work can be started before Elko, Nevada . . . another test involving troops is con- west, and so we keep them in A Goshute Indian squaw guided loose leaf binders with a special ducted at the army atomic maneuvers camp.—Las Vegas Review-Journal. prospectors to the only commercial index which we paste in the front source of quartz crystals ever discov- cover for quick reference to the • • • ered in the United States, reported places we want to go." Water Supply Assured . . . Ralph J. Albaugh, secretary of the "We like to collect rocks," FALLON -- A moderate storm in Barite Corporation. Albaugh and sev- writes another reader, "and we the Lake Tahoe area late in November eral companions met the woman in keep all those magazines contain- practically assured the 1952 irrigation Elko, near where she said she had ing the mapped field trips we hope to make . . . Your loose- leaf binders are ideal guides for these trips." 5 MINUTES FROM DOWNTOWN "We like your maps. They give so much detail, and we have found them accurate. And that is the reason we keep your maga- zines all in binders. We go back to them year after year." LOS MIES At the Chelsea, every guest room is a large DESERT NEVER GROWS OLD outside room, with its own private bath. All Readers who keep their files are beautifully decorated and designed for have a never-ending source of comfort. A truly outstanding downtown hotel- information about America's perfect for those who wish to be in mid-city, greatest vacation land — the and yet prefer a quiet home-like atmosphere. desert Southwest. And that is The Chelsea is near-Radio Center, Hunting- the reason thousands of Desert ton Library, Forest Lawn Memorial Park; readers buy the gold-embossed, China City, Movie Studios, Beaches. loose leaf binders which are Rates from $3.00. supplied practically at cost to Beautiful New Coffee Shop Now Open enafcile them to preserve their maps and travel information for perpetual reference. Each binder has space for 12 magazines. They are easy to insert and lie flat when open.

MAILED POSTPAID FOR S2.00

THE (TlfiGRZinE DtAlhJL 504 SOUTH BONNIE BRAE PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA

34 DESERT MAGAZINE found the glasslike stone she showed under their own supervision. Area In- them. Analysis proved it to be a quartz dian Director Eric Hagberg said the crystal. The men learned that the ma- move is another to prepare Indians "to terial lay on top of the ground south merge into prevailing social and eco- of Ibapah. Millard County, in Juab nomic life of the nation." — Gallup County on the Goshute Indian reser- Independent. vation. The Barite Corporation has signed a lease with the government for Oil and Gas Land Boom . . . sale of the critical mineral, needed in SANTA FE — When 81 tracts of secret electronic devices.—Salt Lake potential oil and gas land in south- Tribune. eastern New Mexico were opened to • • • exploration, thousands of applications Hooded the U. S. bureau of land man- University Gets Fossils . . . agement office. Climax of the modern- WINNEMUCCA—Percy Train was day land rush came with a legal lottery a mining engineer and assayer who be- to determine who of the estimated 20,- came interested in collecting fossils. 000 applicants would gain exploration With increasing recognition of his abil- rights to the land, which lies close to ity and di! ligericc as a collector, he known production. The area has been gradually devoted more time to fossil closed since 1939 because of its po- collecting. As a result of the recent tential potash production. Only a $10 gift of Mrs. Agnes Train Janssen of filing fee and a first year's rental of 50 Laytonville, California, the Percy Train cents an acre were required of appli- collection now is owned by the Uni- cants.—Gallup Independent. versity of Nevada. An outstanding feature of he collection, according to Off-Reservation Jobs . . . President Malcolm A. Love of the WASHINGTON—The government University, is a fine suite of Triassic hopes to find 3000 permanent off-thc- (175,000,000 years old) ammonite Legendary and Geological reservation jobs for Indians by next shells from Nevada and California, History of summer. "There just aren't enough many of them exceedingly rare. The jobs, agricultural or commercial, on ammonite is an ancestor of the octopus the reservation to support the thou- and squid which had an outside coiled Lost Desert Gold sands of Indians," said Miss Selene shell. Many of the Train specimens Written by a geologist who has spent Gifford of Rochester, Massachusetts, years of travel and research in quest were collected at sites now covered by director of the bureau of Indian affairs of the truth about the legendary gold water behind Shasta Dam and are placement service. She estimates that mines of the California desert—and therefore irreplaceable. — Humholdt who believes there is sound geological 40 percent—or approximately 171,000 Star. basis for the tales of lost mines in this persons—should move to permanent region. • • • outside jobs. It is hoped this goal will Here are the stories of— NEW MEXICO be reached in another 10 years.—Gal- Pegleg's Gold lup Independent. The Phantom Mine Fireballs Over New Mexico . . . The Yaqui Indian's Gold ALBUQUERQUE—Dr. Lincoln La Hank's Lost Mine Paz, meteorite authority of the Univer- Signboard Rules Face Test . . . and a score of other legendary sity of New Mexico, has advanced an SANTA FE—Welcoming a chance treasures explanation of the fireballs seen during tor a court decision which would re- $1.10 postpaid November in the sky above Arizona veal just how far they could go. mem- Address: Ralph L. Caine and New Mexico. According to Dr. bers of the New Mexico state highway P. O. Box Foy Station 17162 La Paz, we are passing through the commission turned down an offer to Los Angeles, California Bielid asteroids, which was last seen settle out of court a suit challenging the in 1912. At various intervals in its commission's authority to regulate sign- orbit around the sun, the earth collides boards. "We'll let the court decide, with the fragments left from exploded and then it is up to the legislature if THIS SEASON IN BORREGO VALLEY planets; these are called meteorites. it wants a stronger law," said Chair- VISIT But because these fragments move in man Ralph Jones. Opinion from the a different orbit from that of the earth, attorney general's office noted that the TUB CANYON there may be a long period of time regulations were basically sound, but before the :wo cross each other's paths. that there may be some question as to GUEST RANCH If Dr. La Paz's theory is correct, the whether the commission can regulate For Reservations Write two orbits, ours and that of the Bielid signboards for esthetic purposes. Reg- NOEL AND RUTH CRICKMER meteors, have coincided after an in- ulations governing spacing between the Pioneer Resort Operators oi the terval of 39 years.—El Crepusculo. signs might be challenged as being di- Borrego Desert, Address: Box C, Borrego Springs P. O. it • • rected purely at preserving the view- California Apaches Hank Own Funds . . . rather than at preserving safety. — No Telephone ALBUQUERQUE — Mescalero Gallup Independent. Apaches are breaking away from gov- ernment apron strings in their banking. Chee Case Investigated . . . In the past, the Indian bureau has GALLUP—Late in November, In- DESERT GRAPEFRUIT acted as banking agent for Indians, dian service officials were called in to 30-lb. bag delivered in California depositing money for them. Now the investigate the case of Kee and Mary express prepaid for $2.00. Mescaleros are transferring their tribal Chec, Navajo parents who allegedly G. W. CUTSHAW, Grower funds and individual accounts to pri- were forced to carry the body of their Brawley, California vate banks where the money will be dead 7-month-old daughter on a long JANUARY, 19 5 2 a1. bus trip from Salt Lake City to Gallup. UTAH Their guide was Bert Lucas, Bureau of The death was discovered when the Suggest Reservation Road . . . Reclamation engineer. The party en- parents arrived by bus in Salt Lake tered the river near Cedar Ridge Lodge City from Idaho, where they had BLUFF—Secretary of Interior Os- and travelled two miles downstream, worked in the beet fields. Chee said car L. Chapman and other officials passing by the wrecked boat of the that officials in the Utah capital told from Washington during a recent visit famous riverman, who had shot West- him that he could take the body to here were impressed with arguments ern river rapids for a half a century. Gallup with him, although no certifi- favoring a north-south improved high- The boat is pile up on a narrow beach cate wai issued for its transport. Later way across the Navajo Indian reserva- as a memorial. It was Mrs. Loper's the Chees issued a complaint saying tion, connecting Holbrook, Arizona, first trip, but she plans another when they were forced to carry the body on with Bluff, Utah. The reservations need the weather is better next spring. — the bus. The Navajo have a strong a north-south highway and outlet some- Salt Lake Tribune. where between the Gallup-Shiprock, aversion to being in the presence of o c « death, and the matter came to light New Mexico, paved road and the con- when other bus passengers objected to templated arterial from Flagstaff to Motion Picture Rights Sold . . . the body remaining in their midst.— Tuba City, Arizona. It was pointed CEDAR CITY — Motion picture Gallup Independent. out by the Holbrook Chamber of Com- rights to The Mountain Meadow Mas- merce that Holbrook is the half-way sacre have been sold to Warner Broth- point between these two routes. Cham- ers Motion Picture Studios, according FURNACE CREEK INN AM™"N ber members also suggested that the to an announcement coming from the FURNACE CREEK RANCH EU«O«*N PLAN road might open up quick access to author, Mrs. Juanita Brooks, southern many mineral, oil and strategic ma- Utah historian, research expert and in- i*t "R*mei«tie DEATH VALLEY terials deposits known to exist in the structor of English at Dixie College. Luxurious desert oosis. Sunny days . . . cool nights. Riding reservation, and that it would give Filming is scheduled to begin soon. travel agents or Death Valley Hotel Co, Ltd., 510 West The book is a documented study of 6th Street Los Angelas, MAdison 2511. shortest access from northern and cen- tral Arizona to Salt Lake City and early southern Utah history, and it Denver, Colorado. presents an entirely new psychological analysis of the reasons behind the Jasper Junction Lapidary o a a pioneer tragedy.—Iron County Record. 490!H4 Eagle Rock Blvd. Governor Urges Dam Support . . . Los Angeles 41, California • • • Res. Cl G-7107 Bus. Cl 6-2021 SALT LAKE CITY—Governor J. WE DO: Custom cutting and polishing. Bracken Lee of Utah has urged Utah Deer Hunt Successful . . . Cus.om sawing—24" saw at 5c sq. inch. Jade—10c sq. inch. water development officials to elect one CEDAR CITY—Success of Utah's WE HAVE: man who will fight in an official state first deer hunt under an eithcr-scx law Slat material for the hobby folks. SilvE^r mountings for rings, pins, etc. capacity for "Utah's share of the Colo- seems assured, according to all data BulX stone for sale by the lb. or oz. and reports in the Fish and Game de- Finished Desk Se'ts. rado River." At the same time, he Mineral specimens for the collector asked Secretary of the Interior Oscar partment. Less dead deer were left WE SBbL: Lapidary Machinery and Accessories. L. Chapman to explain apparent top- on the ranges this year than for many WE RUNT: level wavering over an earlier decision years; it is believed that this is a direct Polishing Equipment at 75c an hour. Instruction at No Extra Cost. approving construction of Echo Park result of the new law, which is proving Call Cl 6-7197 for appointment. and Split Mountain Dams in Dinosaur to be a move in the direction of better National Monument.—Salt Lake Trib- management of the state's deer herds. une. —Iron County Record. • • • • • • Reruns Fatal River Course . . . Sign Program Begun . . . SAVE m SALT LAKE -- Twenty-eight KANAB—Early this year the Utah months had slipped by since Bert State Road Commission embarked on Loper, Utah's legendary boatman, rode a state-wide program for the erection to his death in the swirling white waters of "Entering City" signs. The signs are of the Colorado River. Loper's widow, now being made, and incorporated Mrs. Rachel Lopcr, had never been areas of Utah soon will have posted 30 Day satisfied with the sketchy reports of the fRH TrM, at the entrance to each city the name tragedy. So this November she, her anteed to give'you more and of the city, with figures on population you money on every popular model nephew, Tom Busenbark, her grand t overpay! Compare BUSHNELL'S befori and elevation. — Kane County Stan- i buy Send for FREE CATALOG and nephew, Blaine Busenbark, and Ralph dard. Free Book"How To Select Binoculars* A. Badger, who was a member of the • • • 1949 expedition, reran the course. Hear Oil Land Arguments . . . SALT LAKE—Arguments on who owns half of the oil on most of Ashley ENJOY A WEEK-END OR A LIFETIME IN Valley field, south of Vernal, arc being heard by the Utah Supreme court. At beautiful — healthful stake are millions of dollars worth of production from the field which marked 80RREG0 SPRINGS first commercial discovery of petro- Estates, Ranchos, Homesites and Income Properties at reasonable leum in Utah. N. J. Meagher, Vernal prices. Utilities Included in this Multi-Million Dollar Community. banker, alleges that a release given him in 1944 by a subsidiary of Equity Oil For Descriptive Folder Write or Phone Company, which found the field, is BORREGO SPRINGS CO. actually a conveyance to one-half the oil. Meagher lost an earlier appeal for 6250 Wilshire Blvd., L. A. • York 7286 all of the oil from the 440 acres.— Salt Lake Tribune.

36 DESERT MAGAZINE ALLEN JUNIOR GEM CUTTER

A Complete Lapidary Shop AMATEUR ARCHEOLOGIST PALO ALTO SOCIETY Only $43.50 MAKES FIND NEAR CHICAGO BEGINS SECOND YEAR • Ideal for apartment house dwel- Hundreds of fishers, campers and hikers Palo Alto Geology society celebrated the had stumbled over a rock at Pislakee Lake, beginning of its second year with a study lers. but it remained for Adrian Puls to recog- of the geology of the Diablo range in San • Polish rocks into beautiful gems. nize it as an archeological discovery. Puls, Benito County, California. Leaders were reports the Pseudomorph of Kern County Dr. Gordon B. Oakeshott of the California » Anyone can learn. Mineral society, visited the resort area near Division of Mines and Lawrence J. Fuller o Instructions included. Chicago, came upon the 300-pound rock of Palo Alto. Specimens of cinnabar ore and identified it as a large formation of were obtained at the New Idria mercury Write for Catalog, 25c copper brought do*n from the copper fields processing mill, and natrolite, benitoile, of the north by the last large glacier. An joaquinite and perofskite were found in the ALLEN LAPIDARY EQUIPMENT amateur archcologist for 25 years, Puls said higher mountains. Clear Creek yielded COMPANY — Dept. D it was from such copper that the Indians chromite with uvarovite and jadeite. 3G32 W. Slauson Ave.. Los Angeles 43, Cat. who once inhabited the Chicago area fash- William C. Holding is president of the ioned their arrowheads and tools, Palo Alto society this year. Other officers Phone Axminister 2-6206 o o o are Miss Charlotte Matthews, vice-president; GLENDALE SOCIETY Mrs. Perry Theobald, secretary-treasurer; SETS MAY SHOW DATE Mrs. David Hendrickson, historian; Robert tan. DIAMOND BLADES Coffcy, program director; Byrrel Condon, "Treat yourself lot-he best- Glendale Lapidary and Gem society al- field trip director, and Lawrence .1. Fuller, ready has set the dates—May 17 and 18—- adviser. Heavy-Duty Super- Standard for its fifth annual show. Displays will be Supcr-Chsd. Charged Charted • a e 6" $ $ 8.60 $ 7.00 arranged in Glendale Civic Auditorium, 8" 10.95 9.95 which will provide enough space for the CLUB MEMBER FINDS 10" 14.50 1 !!.35 large number of exhibits and the many PINE FOREST IN AGATE 12" 21.20 17ii5 14" 27.95 24.45 visitors expected. Last year approximately "Find of a lifetime" - - that is W. A. 16" 31.20 27.70 10,000 persons viewed the show. Mrs. Bakey's description of a moss agate he dis- 18" 62.50 41.25 34.40 Orma Foote, president is in charge of show covered last June on a rock-hunting trip to 20" 74.25 49.50 37.95 24" ss.so 02. HO 4S.95 arrangements and invites exhibitors to send Montana. The agate is described in the 30" 1 12.50 119.75 State applications to the Glendale Lapidary so- Rock Rustler's News, publication of the 36" 215.30 179.10 Arbor ciety. P. O. Box i-66. Glendale, California. Minnesota Mineral Club, of which Bakcy ;ak's tax in 0;ilifornia. Size Driftwood and desert flower displays will is a member. The moss agate looked like Allow for Postage and Insurance be included. any other until Bakey started cutting sec- Covington Ball Bearing Grinder • e it tions from it. He discovered that the stone With the November issue. Delvings began contained more than 60 perfect pine tree incl shields arc its third year as the monthly publication scenes on 17 different slabs. These land- urnished in 1 of Delvers Gem and Mineral society, scape scenes are formed by seepage of the izes and price Downey. California. Ed Flutot, editor, now "moss" into clear agate. anges t« suit r prints the bulletin on a small offset press • • • > o u i" r e quire- which reproduces photographs as well as nents. Water and clear, readable type. 7,000,000-YEAR-OLD grit proof. e • « WHALE FOSSIL FOUND Scheduled speaker at the December meet- Excavating in the Lompoc Valley area ing of the San Diego Lapidary society was of California, a crew from the Santa Bar- COVINGTON 8" TRIM SAW .lames Moore, who was a member of the bara Museum of Natural History discovered and ii loior are coin Rockefeller Expedition into the Upper Ama- fossil remnants of a tooth whale who lived pad ami do not zon. Moore is the discoverer of the ancient approximately 7,000,000 years ago. The splash . Save blades Indian civilization at Temecula, and he skull and jaws of the animal have been dug and clothing spoke to the jroup of the Indian life which out. The lower jaws alone weigh 600 pounds ill is saw. nourished there centuries ago. and measure six feet long. BUILD YOUR OWN LAP and SAVE with a COV- INGTON 12" or 16" Lap Kit. We furnish every- thing you need. Send for free catalog.

Petrified Wood, Moss Agate, Chrysocolla COVINGTON Multi-Feature Turquoise, Jade and Jasper Jewelry Hi" Lap Unit Does HAND MADE IN STERLING SILVER everything for you. Bracelets, Rings, Necklaces, Earrings COVINGTON \T 14" and Brooches or 1<>" Power Feed SPECIALLY SELECTED STONES WITH Diamond CHOICE COLORS AND PICTURES Saws Write for Folder With Prices SAVE BLADES ELLIOTT'S GEM SHOP 235 East Seaside Blvd. LONG BEACH 2, CAUF. Send for New Catalog, IT'S FREE Across from West End of Municipal Auditorium Grounds COVINGTON LAPIDARY SUPPLY Hours 10 A. M. to 9 P. M. Daily Eie»pt Monday Redlands, California

JANUARY, 1952 37 AMONG THE ADVERTISING RATE GEfll fllRRT 8c a Word . . . Minimum $1.00 ROCK HUNTERS

BEAUTIFUL MONTANA SAPPHIRES: For a IF YOU ARE A ROCKHOUND you need the Dona Ana County Rockhound club has limited time I will send you a 2'2 vial of at Lapidary Journal. Tells how to cut and polish least 2£ beautiful Montana Sapphires for only rocks, gives news of all mineral-gem groups. a library committee that supervises a book SI.50. )on't wail too long as tbey are going Tells how to make jewelry, carries ads of shelf in the Branigan Memorial Library in fast. Eiuy a few vials for your Christmas dealers in supplies, equipment, gems, minerals Las Cruces, New Mexico, reports a bulle- presents for that Rockhound-Hobbyist, Miner- from all over the world. Well illustrated, alogist or collector. If interested in beautiful beautifully printed. Subscription $2.00 a year tin of the Rocky Mountain Federation of Montana Agate drop tis a line. Our pack —back numbers 50c. Sample Copy 25c if you Mineral Societies. Each month funds are train just came in with a new choice supply, have never subscribed or been sampled unpicked and fresh from the picking- grounds. LELANDE QUICK, Editor, Palm Desert. appropriated by the club for the purchase One to ten pound nodules only $1.50 per California. of books for the shelf. These books are pound is is, field run. No order for less Ulan checked out by the regular librarian only 3 pounds. Postage extra. K. 0. Otoupalik, MINERAL SETS: 21 Colorful Minerals (iden- Sr., 'ilo River St.. Missoula, .Montana. tified) in lxl compartments, $3.00 postpaid. to members of the club who have paid their PROSPECTOR'S SET — 50 minerals (identi- dues. A specimen case also is maintained in fied) in lxl compartments in cloth reinforced, the library, and mineral exhibits are regu- MINERAL SPECIMENS, slabs or material by sturdy cartons, $5.00 postpaid. ELLIOTT the pound for cutting and polishing. Ap- GEM SHOP, 235 East Seaside Blvd. Long larly changed. It is reported that visitors proval selection sent upon request. You are Beach 2, California. to the library carefully study each display. welcome. A. L. Jarvis, Rt. 2, Box 123, Wat- sonville, California, on Salinas Highway. TITANIA GEMS $5.00 per carat for stones over 3 carats. Also mounted in 1-1K gold rings "Gem Stones and How to Buy Them" MINERAL SPECIMENS and cutting material of All precious gems at lowest prices. Ace was the subject of James Old, graduate of all kinds. Gold and Silver jewelry made to Lapidary Co., Box 67, Jamaica, New York. the Gcmological Institute of America, when order. Your stones or ours. 5 lbs. good cut- ATTENTION ROCK COLLECTORS. It will pa> he spoke to members of the Northern Cali- tint,' material $4.00 or $1.00 per Ib. .1. I. you to visit the Ken-Dor Rock Roost. We bu> , James, Battle Mountain, Nevada. sell, or exchange mineral specimens. Visitors fornia Mineral Society. San Francisco. Old are always welcome. Ken-T;or Rock Roosl, formerly was a diamond dealer in New McSHAN'S GEM SHOP—open part time, or find 41!) Sutter, -Modesto, California. York. us by directions on door. Cholla Cactus Wood a specialty, write for prices. 1 mile west au GOLDEN TIGER EYE SLABS 20c sq, in. facet- V. S. (>(>. Needles, California, BOX 22. ing material, free price list. Arrow, si 12 !•;. Fresno Gem and Mineral society joined Blewett, San Gabriel, California. Sequoia Mineral society to present a show DESERT GEM AND MINERAL SHOP: Set of 20 ASSORTED COLORFUL 2xli cabinet speci- at the Fresno County Fair Grounds. Nota- 16% to 1" Specimens in box, SI.00 and post- mens. Good for a beginner or to add to your ble among the exhibits were the quartz age. Many larger specimens 2.1c up. Wyom- present collection. This beautiful selection ing Jade, olive green 75c per sq. in. Nodules only SS.00 postpaid. 1.. M. Join's. Box :«)7. display of Dave and Gladness On:; the from Oregon, New Mexico and California. Bisbee, Arizona. plume, mountain agate and opal collection Our shop is 2 miles West of Salome (where PRIVATE COLLECTION of specimens, cutting of A. P. Gibson and the micro-mounts of she danced) Arizona. L. C. Iloekett. Box 27(>, material. Approx. 500 lbs. woods. .Mother Mr. and Mrs. Tom Golf. The Fresno Pub- Salome. Arizona. Lode Moss Agate, Opalite, Quartz and Aragon- ite crystals. $175. Hubbard, 31 w. Willow. lic Library presented a collection of books WANTED: old mining and oil stock certificates. Stockton, California. pertinent to geology and mineralogy. Hooks, letters, papers, pictures of the West 100 JEWELRY stones removed from rings, pins and Southwest, Exploration, mining, survey- etc. $2.40. Write us for your special needs in Walter S. Chamberlin of Pasadena, leader ing, etc. Win trade Franklin, X. .1. fluores- stones or mountings. B. Lowe. Holland Bldg, cent minerals, or pay cash. Send description SI. Louis I . Missouri. of Southern California Grotto of the Na- and price. Fred W Morris, 200 Red Maple tional Speleological society, spoke at a meet- Drive, Levittown, New York. FOR SALE: Beautiful purple Petrified Wood with Uranium, Pyrolusite, Manganite. Nice ing of the Santa Monica Gcmological so- FLUORESCENT MINERALS: Complete line of sample $1.00. Postage. Maggie Baker, Wen- ciety. "The development of mineral de- Hie fluorescent and rare minerals from the den, Arizona. posits in caves." Chamberlin explained, "be- famous; Franklin, X. .1. mines. Complete line BLACK ONYX blanks 25c each. Red Onyx gan with carbolic acid from decomposed of Mineralights, $12.50 up. Set of 10 fluores- blanks 35c each. Green Onyx blanks 35c cent minerals, mounted in Slyrofoam labeled each. Prompt service given to mail order vegetable matter on the surface seeping Specify wave length S2.50. SPECIAL: 5 bril- jobs. All kinds of fine cutting. Juchem Bros., through fissures in the rock and disolving liant s >ecimens of Willemite and Calcite (2x2i 315 W. nth St.. Los Angeles 13, California. the calcium carbonate in the rock, forming $4.00. Fred \V. Morris, 200 Red Maple Drive, BERYL CRYSTALS. Columbite, Tantalite. I'ur- cave-like hollows. Mineral-laden waters Levittown, New York. purite, Andalusite Crystals, Rose Quartz, Hell's Canyon Agates. Mac-Mich Minerals Co., Cus- dripping from ceilings and walls of the "DON'T MISS" Fine rough gems, Minerals, Sil- ter, So. Dakota. caverns build up and down the deposits ver an:l Lapidary supplies at Superior Gems & "TUNGSTEN PROSPECTORS," Fluorescent Col- known as stalagmites and stalactites, some- Minerals, 4665 Park Blvd. San Diego lfi, lectors. Mineralights at Superior Gems & times forming solid pillars." The speaker California, [Sorry, no lists.) Minerals, 4B65 Park Blvd., San Diego 16, Calif. Write for free literature. also listed equipment used by "spelunkers" RADIOACTIVE ORE COLLECTION: 1; wonder- ROCK COLLECTORS ATTENTION! Back in in their cave exploration. ful different specimens in neat Redwood chest. desert for winter—new rocks-new Trailer S2.00. Pretty Cold nugget. SI.00. four nug- Rock Store, The Rockologist, Box 181, Cathe- gets. S2.00. choice collection 12 nuggets, $5.00, dral City, California. As part of its activities directed toward Uranium Prospectors, Box (iOI, Stockton. Calif. CABOCHONS: genuine imported Agates, Came- the stimulation of interest in the earth sci- lians. Rose Quartz, Lapis Lazuli. Tiger Eye, ences, the F.arth Science Club of Northern THANKS! TO ALL who have praised my Ari- etc., beautifully cut and polished. Oval stones Illinois sponsors and furnishes instructors zona agates their bright beautiful colors ami in sizes from 10 mm. to lfi mm. 25c each. unusual designs, we hope 10 open agate mines Minimum order SI.00. Pacific Gem Cutters, for classes in geology and silversmith arts. soon. Charles E. Hill of The Arizona Agate •12! So. Broadway, Los Angeles, California. Part of the regular night school curriculum, Mines. Cave Creek, Arizona. CALCITE CRYSTAL MASSES: These specimens classes meet in the Downers Grove Com- are solid crystalizat ions, crystals radiate as munity High School. W. W. Briggs, club FIRE OPAL from Virgin Valley, Nevada. Speci- stars or sunbursts. $3.00. $5.00. $7.00 sizes. mens 50c postpaid. Frey, Box 9350 Reno Ask for list of other line materials. Jack The member from La Grange, Illinois, teaches Nevada. Rockhound. P. O. Box 86, Carbondale, Colo. silversmith arts and Dr. Frank Flecner con- ducts the course in geology. A class in INTRODUCTORY OFFER: (i highly polished archeology now is being organized. Baker Ranch colorful nodules, assorted pat- terns, $3.00 postpaid. Write for free lists of LOWER CALIFORNIA New Mexico minerals and cutting materials. Compton Gem and Mineral Club mem- Van Sant's, Box 487, Truth or Consequences, bers relived rock-hunting experiences as New Mexico. MAP they viewed movies taken on some of their MEXICAN FIRE OPAL—10c to 50c per piece, field trips. Harry Chaffee showed color film state whether for specimens or for cabochons. of Death Valley, Horse Canyon, Tick Can- Minimum order SI.00 plus postage. Satisfac- Most complete map yet pub- tion o" refund. Coast Gems & Minerals 11669 lished of Baja California, con- yon, Corona del Mar and the Chuckawallas. Ferris Rd., El Monte, California. Dick Giles projected color slides taken at taining hundreds of the original the recent Compton Kockhound Fair. 103 DIFFERENT MINERAL SPECIMENS—$4.50. place names. 28x42 inches, in Careft lly selected: makes a valuable aid in helping identify and classify your findings or two colors. Published by Arey- Drawing from experiences of his seven makes a wonderful gift. Boxed & labeled. mineral-collecting and pleasure trips to 70 different S3.00, 35 different $1.50. Coast Jones of San Diego. Mexico, Louis Vance spoke to the Minera- Gems & Minerals 11069 Ferris Rd., El Monte, California. Postpaid, including tax, $1.00 logical society of Southern California at a meeting in Pasadena. Vance, who illus- FIFTY MINERAL SPECIMENS, %-in. or over, DESERT CRAFTS SHOP trated his talk with colored slides, told of boxed identified, described, mounted. Post- Palm Desert, California paid ?4.00. Old Prospector, Box 729 Lodi, experiences which are likely to confront California. the rock hunter collecting in Mexico, DESERT MAGAZINE Mineral filer is defined by the California When the directors of Calaveras Gem Mineral Information Service as any sub- and Mineral society met at Angels Museum, stantially inert mineral materials used pri- Angels Camp, California, they considered marily to irodify the properties or process- plans for the 1952 convention of the Cali- ing of manufactured products. Fillers are fornia Federation of Mineralogical societies. frequently employed to improve a specific The Calaveras group will be host at the (flaU property of the finished product, although show, to be held June 20-22 at the fair- sometimes their chief function is only as a grounds near Angels Camp. ihcinlheDuimon dl diluent, modifying the cost of production. u « • # • • First field trio of the season for the Brewsler Baldwin spoke on "The Identifi- Mineralogical society of Arizona took mem- cation of Common Rocks" at a regular FACETED ROUND GEMS bers to Gok fields, Arizona, where Tom Rus- meeting of the Santa Fe Gem and Mineral OF SYNTHETIC sell related for them I he town's history. Club. Baldwin is connected with the New Scheelite ore currently is being treated in the Mexico Bureau of Mines and is presently Gokifields mill. engaged in mapping the geology of the TITANIA e e 9 Santa Fe Area. have five times more ability than the Rex Layton is newly-elected president of Diamond to break light into its component the Gila Valley Gem and Mineral society, colors producing a magnificent rainbow Arizona. Other board members are Walt His experiences in growing full-size crys- effect. Erwin, vice-president; Mrs. Muriel Layton, tals from seeds were told by V. J. King, Jr., secretary, and Fenton Taylor, librarian and at a meeting of the Wasatch Gem society. SEND FOR A FREE PRICE LIST describing publicity eh lirman. King showed some of the specimens he • o • cultivated. Titania Rainbow Jewelry George Bumham recently returned from a mineral collecting trip around the world. OTHER SERVICES OFFERED He described his travels to the San Diego The head of Abraham Lincoln has been JEWELRY REPAIR SERVICE Gem and Mineral society at a general meet- carved from a 1318-carat sapphire, one of ing. Fspccially interesting were his remarks the five largest sapphires known. The sculp- GEM STONE CUTTING on Africa. Bumham later repeated his talk tured gem is valued at $250,000. Owners, GEM CUTTING EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS at a session of the San Gabriel Valley Lapi- James and Harry Kazanjian of Los Angeles, AND SUPPLIES dary society. plan to have similar heads carved from other JEWELRY MAKING TOOLS AND MATERIALS © • 9 sapphires to represent Andrew Jackson, Now presiding, at meetings of the Los George Washington and Henry Ford. MINERAL SPECIMENS Angeles Mineralogical society is Harry C. FLUORESCENT LAMPS, GEIGER COUNTERS Hurlbut, newly-elected president. Other of- URANIUM SAMPLES, FLUORESCENT MINERALS ficers are George W. Mayle, first vice-presi- "OVERLOOKED FORTUNES" FIELD TRIP GUIDE BOOKS dent; Lillian Copeland, second vice-president; ROUGH AUSTRALIAN OPALS Margaret H ill, treasurer; Lucile S. Thomas, In the Rarer Minerals secretary; Roberi and Alma Newell, busi- Find war minerals! Here are a tew of the ness managers; Wade and Rilla Barker, 40 or more strategic rarer minerals which GRIEGER'S editors; and Frank Larkin, federation rep- you may be overlooking in the hills or in resentative. that mine or prospect hole: columbium, tan- 1633 CAST WALNUT STREET talum, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, nickel, PASADENA 4, CALIFORNIA cobalt, bismuth, palladium, iridium, osmi- PMONE SYCAMORE 6-6423 "TIMBER" um, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, titan- Peirii:ed wood irom sliced cabochon ma- ium, tin, molybdenum, selenium, germanium, terial, book-ends, penholders or chunks. manganese, cadmium, thallium, antimony, Specializing in Eden Valley limbs, polished mercury, chromium, etc. Prices booming; ^COIlLtY& 01 unpolished. many much more valuable than a gold 'Pink Taffy" rhodochrosite, Palagonia 60c mine: cassiterite now SI000 a ton; bismuth ^JEWELRY MOUNTINGS A a sq. inch, S4.5C a pourd in small chunks, New Illustrated Catalog, 20r Stamps or Coin S1500 a ton; columb'te S2500 a ton; tanta- The superb finish and fine includes 2(1% Federal lax. lite or microli'e S5000 a ton; tungsten S3 craftsmanship of CONLEY'S A striking new iluoiescent nodule Chalce- pound; platinum S90 ounce, etc. Now you ELKHEAD LIFETIME l'AT- dony in c: bec.utiiul white "snow ball" TEKN in 3-tone gold filled en- can learn what they are. how to find, iden- ahles you to create exquisite matrix, 50c iouch, 60c polished. tify and cash in upon them. Send for free jewelry equal to the finest pro- Allen, Frantom and Highland Paik copy "overlooked fortunes"—it may lead fessional hop. Other CONLEY mountaings lapidary equipment in Cold—Killed—Silver anil Plate. to knowledge which may make you rich! Lowes! Possible Prices Consistent with Qnul- Poly arbors • Lapidary supplies A penny postcard will do. i(.v — Insist on Conley Quality. ELDON E. SOPER Duke's Research Laboratory AVAILABLE AT ALL BETTER DEALERS 433 So. Central Ave.. Glendale 4. California or write us Box 666. Dept. B, Hot Springs, New Mexico \V. 715 Riverside Ave., Spokane, Wash. NfW-5e}safibricket, and yet more sensitive than many (Send I'osU 1 for free literature 1204 Hill St. Bend. Oregon large, expensive nstrunK'nts. Weighs only 1 '/i lbs. Uses flash- light battery. Lov price includes earphone, radio active sample, instructions. Sold with ironclad tnoneybacfc guarantee. ORDER YOURS TODAY-Send S5.00 with order or payment in full to save C.O.I). Write for free catalog on treasure finders for Bold, silver, etc. and larger, more elaborate Geiger Counters.

DEALER INQUIRIES PRECISION RADIATION INSTRUMENTS 1HVITED 4113 D, W. JEFFERSON, L. A. 16, CALIF.

BEFORE YOU BUY rnpr /""/k Til I/"*/"* SEND FOR OUR BIG FREE CATALOG SI VliS—5c Pi r Square Inch Consists of n mixed 1< t o ' 10 or more differ- The world-famous HILLQUIST LINE of lapidary equipment ent typ< s, i few of \vl ieh are Jade, Tigereve, Lapis, 1'ah . Sagenite Wood. Agate, Jasper and oth el's M ini mum on er—40 inche-s $2.00 LAPIDARY EQUIP. CO. IMS W. « ST., SEATTLE 7, WASH plus 20 Fed. Tax if aot ;i dealer. The larger the order th ^ ] Lrger the variety. Please Kill posta le. MIXED C JTTING M \TT :KIAL—-2~)v per 11). CO VST GEMS MINERALS 11669 Fen i. Road 1 Monte, California

JANUARY 1952 39 Japan, India, the Phillipines, Thailand, SPEAKER DISPLAYS ART Rome, London, Paris and China were vis- OF SOUTHWEST INDIANS ited by members of the Gem Cutters Guild of Los Angeles on a travelogue trip con- Miss Ruth Simpson, curator of Southwest ducted by W. E. Phillips. Speaker Phillips Museum, Los Angeles, spoke on 'Stones displayed some of his rarest gem pieces Used by the Indians for Ornamental Pur- from these countries, including a clear poses" at a meeting of the Los Angeles citrine of 944 carats, an amethyst of 200 Lapidary society. Miss Simpson has made MERCURY carats and a brown peridot weighing 1.58 the study of Indian jewelry her hobby. She carats. He also showed specimens of sap- illustrated her remarks with a display of TUN3STEN URANIUM phire, zircon, tourmaline, topaz, kunzite and arrowheads, turquoise jewelry, figurines, fet- a green diamond. ishes, pipes, charm stones and beads. Many of these artifacts were excavated at a Mo- FIND VITAL • e • jave Desert site estimated to be 10,000 years WAR METALS! Searles Lake Gem and Mineral society old. of Trona directed the gem and mineral ex- • e e 'with. Ultra-Vio'el Mineralight hibits at the third annual Death Valley En- Mineral Minutes, publication of Ihe Colo- campment December 1 and 2. All rock- rado Mineral Society, has announced the MINERALIGHT instantly identifies meicury, hounds, whether members of a club or not, date for a joint convention of the American tungsten and many oilier valuable minerals were invited to display their collections. Federation of Mineral societies and the now in demand for rearmamenl. • • • Rocky Mountain Federation. The conven- Beach materials, moonstones and the like, tion will be held in June at Canon City. 5 MINERALIGHT models for every require- were hunted by Sacramento Mineral society Colorado. ment. Money-back guarantee. and its guest group, Feather River Mineral • • • o and Gem society, on a field trip to Pesca- Two speakers shared the podium at a dero Beach and Pigeon Point on the North- meeting of the Northern California Min- »\ Send for free brochure on ern California coast. Members followed the eral society. San Francisco. Robert White "Prospecting for Scheelite late afternoon tide out and searched for told "How to Find Mineral Locations" and (tungsten) with Ultra Violet." petrified whalebone. Don Grcnfell related his trip to the Priday o • • • agate beds in Oregon. Jewelry and cabo- WRITE DEPT. SL-21 Long Beach Mineral society traveled 150 chons were displayed by Aldcn Clark. miles to Kern Dry Lakes, California, for a • • * • field trip. By digging 12-18 inches in the "Travels in Wonderland," 100 photo- ULTRA-VIOLET PRODUCTS, Inc. soil, varieties of petrified wood were found. micrographs of rare scenes, formations and 145 Pascjdena Avenue, South Pasadena, Calif. inclusions in agate, provided the program at a recent meeting of the Coachella Valley "You'll love" Mineral society. Winners of the society's CONLEY MOUNTINGS song contest were announced: George Al- Beautiful, enduring, easy setting ton won first prize, Martha Danner claimed Write for FREE catalog second-place honors. FIRE OPAL Wholesale & Retail Distributors • • • SUPERIOR GEMS & MINERALS It was the second annual show for the 4665 Park ISlvd. Sun Diego 1(1, California Whittier Gem and Mineral society this fall. MEXICO Exhibits, with Kenneth Tharp as display chairman, were arranged in the Whittier 10 Small Pieces Average Vi" SI.00 Riding clubhouse. An estimated 1200 per- 5 Larger Pieces Average 2A"—1"..:. 1.00 FAMOUS TEXAS PLUMES sons attended. Red Plume, Pom Pom and many other types 12 Nice Pieces Cherry & Honey Opal 1.00 of agate. Slabs on approval. Rough agate. © o o 1 Small Vial Clear Fire Opal 1.50 8 11). mixture postpaid, $5.00. Price list on Illustrating her talk with colored slides, 1 Large Vial Clear Fire Opal 3.00 request. Mrs. Mary Brcntlinger spoke on "Shells, WOODWARD RANCH Stones and Silver" at a meeting of the Chi- $7.50 17 miles So. on Hwy 118 cago Rocks and Minerals society. An auc- tion completed the evening program. Entire Lot Postpaid for $5.00 Box 453, Alpine. Texas e • e EXCHANGE: Aga!e or other cutting Old copper, gold and onyx mines at material, rough or polished, for good Bent, New Mexico, were visited by mem- postage stamps. NEW CATALOGS AVAILABLE bers of the El Paso Gem and Mineral If you want Choice Cutting Material, Fine & society. Numerous outcroppings of onyx, Satisfaction Guaranteed Rare Minerals, Geiger Counters, Miner- some streaked, some mottled, arc found in alights, Books, Trim Saws, Fluorescent*. Ores, Gems, Ring Mounts, or advice, write the area. RALPH E. MUELLER & SON to ... • • • 1000 E. Camelback Road Since half of its members reside outside Phoenix. Arizona MINERALS UNLIMITED 1724 University Ave., Berkeley 3, California of San Mateo County, California, the Gem and Mineral society of San Mateo County is considering changing its name to Penin- sula Gem and Mineral society. BLACK LIGHT KITS 110 VOLT LONG WAVE Agate Jewelry FOR ULTRA-VIOLET FLUORESCENCE NOW . . . you can build your own black light equip- Wholesale ment at a new low cost with these easy-to-assemble Rings — Pendu'.iis — Tie Chains components. Geologists, mineral prospectors and hob- Brooches — Ear Rings Bracelets — Matched Sets byists can easily make laboratory black lights for —Send stamp ior price list No. 1— mineral identification. Signs, posters, pictures, fabrics, house numbers . . anything pair.ted with fluorescent paint glows with eye-appealing fluorescence under black light. Blank Mountings Kit contains: Ultra-Violet tube, brackets, ballast, starter, wire, plug and wiring diagram. Rsnqs — Ear Wires — Tie Chains 4 Watt KiM5'/4" tubeU ..$3.00 Cu'i Links — Neck Chains Bezel — devices — Shanks 8 Watt Kit—(12" tube) $4.00 Solder — Findings Enclose full amount with order Equipment shipped postpaid —Send stamp for price list No. 2— O. R. JUNKINS Cx SON C & H SALES COMPANY 440 N.W. Beach St. 2176 I=AST COLORADO STREET PASADENA, CALIFORNIA Newport, Oregon

40 DESERT MAGAZINE By LELANDE QUICK, Editor of The Lapidary Journal E-TO — TABLE MODEL Mrs. Frtnces E. Creson of La Mesa, before undertaking the complex procedures Complete with 8-in. Felker Dia- California, writes that she now has cutting mentioned in the books. mond saw, lV-j-in. 100-grit and 220- equipment but she would like to know how As slabs are taken from the cutting saw grit grinding wheels, leather covered to clean the rocks she is gathering. The they can be cleaned of oil by dropping them buff, sanding disc and vise with cleaning o: ordinary rocks presents no in a pail of soapy water or merely into a l'/2-in. cross-feed. problem beyond having a bucket of water box filled with sawdust. The sawdust deal Complete (without motor)...$135.00 and some soap, a brush and plenty of is fine and less bothersome to the run-of- 1/3 h.p. motor 18.54 energy. Most of the rocks gathered by the the-mill slabbing of the average rockhound. Crating charge 3.00 rockhound are in the quartz family and Oil should be instantly washed from ma- Shipping weight about 120 pounds. soap and water will do them no harm. terials like turquoise. This is perfect economy machine When a i;eode is opened and it is desired As gems are finished they should be for sawing, grinding, sanding and to clean it out a very good method is to cleansed of all wax residue from the dop polishing. Built for long trouble-free direct a strong stream of water upon it. stick. This simple matter often puzzles the service. The ordinary hose or faucet pressure usu- amateur and we see many books and articles ally is not sufficient to accomplish a thor- recommending the use of alcohol. A far ough job, however, and the following better agent is acetone, procurable from method is suggested. Solder a piece of any drug or paint store. This should be copper over the end of an old hose nozzle, stored in a ground glass stoppered bottle after placing a pin hole in the center of it. to prevent evaporation—and do not smoke When the nozzle is attached to the hose while you are using it. This is the chief the resulting pin point stream will be so ingredient of the nail polish removers used strong that it will feel like a needle enter- by the ladies. It sure makes that wax dis- ing the finger if the stream is directed on appear. the hand. It is amazing what happens to a It is smart to save all your old tooth- supposedly clean geode when this stream brushes for they come in handy in cleaning is directed into its crevices. rocks. Be sure the handle of any brush you Except fjr removing grease, hot water use for acetone however is not made of will not necessarily work any better than plastic for acetone will dissolve it and make cold water and it is downright dangerous a messy stone. to use hot water on specimens such as opal. * * * The problem of grease is usually presented in finished specimens exposed to home W. R. Bishop of Emlenton, Pennsylvania, writes that he has been having a great deal E-12 — STAND MODEL cooking funes and ordinary house dust. of difficulty polishing ricolite, vesuvianite Finished gems and fine mineral specimens and nephrite with levigated alumina on a Same specifications as E-10, but should always be protected by being kept in felt wheel. "Should 1 be using something with steel 34-inch high stand. Price cabinets or glass covered boxes. else?" he writes. Yes you should Mr. Bishop. complete with all accessories, stand A popular method of storing cabochons 1 have never heard of any amateur lapidary and motor, ready to plug in $179.00 is to use the Riker mount. This patented using levigated alumina although 1 have Crating charge 5.00 display box is manufactured for the express read of it in books. Shipping weight about 220 pounds. purpose of displaying zoological and botan- Most lapidaries today use either tin oxide ical specimens. The cotton filler is there- or cerium oxide or both. As it is now fore treated chemically with preservatives illegal to sell tin oxide for polishing pur- that make gems have an iridescent effect. poses it is becoming very scarce in dealers' The cotton should be removed and replaced stocks so that cerium oxide is used almost with new cotton that is free of chemicals. exclusively for most polishing. Gems showing this oily film can be washed or cleaned with "sight savers." made by Cerium oxide was first mentioned as a the Dow Corning Corporation. These are polishing agent in this column in July, 1945. sold at most drug stores and arc made for At that time no dealer had it in stock. Im- mediately the demand became so great that MODEL E-20 cleaning eye glasses. Try them on some Designed for the lapidary artist soiled cabochons and see how they sparkle. almost all dealers stocked it and today it would be difficult indeed to find the dealer who wants an economical, easy-to- Outside of the loose dirt adhering to rocks operate unit — compact, quiet run- the two most bothersome things to clean who does not have it. On the other hand it would be almost impossible to find a ning and sturdy. Will give years of away are algae and rust, or the oxidation satisfactory service. caused by iron. If ammonia is placed in a dealer with levigated alumina on his shelves. bucket of water and the rocks are allowed The felt wheel is all right for ricolite and Complete with 6-in. Felker Dia- to soak in it a few hours algae or lichens here is the best method of polishing it. Wet mond Saw, f-in. 100-grit and 220-grit are easily removed with a brush. The prob- about an inch and a half on one side of grinding wheels, sanding disc and lem of removing rust is more complex and the wheel with water glass solution and dust leather-covered buff. several methods are given by Pearl in on 250 lapping grit. Do the same on the Complete (without motor)....$85.00 "Mineral Collectors Handbook." Most of other side of the wheel and dust on 1200 1/3 h.p. motor 18.54 these methods are somewhat dangerous to grit. Occasionally wipe a smear of jeweler's Crating charge 3.00 use around the house. rouge on the wheel and do not hold the Shipping weight about 90 pounds. Probably the least bothersome and safest work to the buff for ricolite "burns" easily. method of removing rust from specimens Vesuvianite can be polished very well on Alt above prices are f.o.b. South Pasadena, is to soak them in concentrated hydrochloric the felt wheel with cerium oxide but switch California acid for two weeks . . . one part of HO to to a leather buff for the nephrite. The best Write for free literature ten of wate~. Follow this soaking with two method of polishing jade is to use wet (And mention Desert Magazine) weeks in distilled water then a week in am- sanders followed by the use of Jade Luster monium hydroxide and another four weeks Powder on a leather buff. If this is not in distilled water. Do not use this method procurable from your dealer then get chrome HIGHLAND PARK for fine mineral specimens containing sev- oxide. However wet sanding eliminates a eral crystalline forms for there is usually lot of work on the polishing buff and re- one that may be harmed in such a procedure. gardless of the method used all polishing LAPIDARY & SUPPLY CO. Fine crystal specimens taken from the agents are disappointing unless a generous 1009 Mission Street field should be given every chance of being amount of patience is mixed with them. No cleaned by soap and water and later by one can polish jade like the Chinese but South Pasadena, California brushing with an artist's camel hair brush then no other race possesses their patience.

JANUARY, 19 52 41 Between you and Me

By RANDALL HENDERSON

ARLY IN December Cyria and I were among the Latta, Paul B. Hubbard, George Sturtevant, Arthur W. 2500 motorists who went to Death Valley to Walker and George Savage, and to the special chairmen 5 witness the Third Annual Encampment of the of this year's events: John W. Hilton, who arranged the Death Valley 49ers. fine art exhibit at Furnace Creek Inn; Paul Gruendykc, We spent two glorious winter days in the sunshine in charge of the campfire program; William R. Harriman. of California's most colorful desert region—and one who brought together an excellent mineral display; Floyd night in our sleeping bags among the sand dunes at the D. Evans, who arranged a photographic salon of desert base of snow-crested Panamint range. pictures; Robert K. Ellithorpe, chairman in charge of a In contrast with the gorgeous pageant staged by the fire arms collection; John D. Henderson, chairman of the California Centennial Commission in Death Valley two Authors' Breakfast at the Furnace Creek Golf course. years ago, the 1951 program was a very modest affair. • • • But it was none the less enjoyable, and 1 believe John As Cyria and I were cooking our camp dinner out Anson Ford and his 49cr organization have laid the among the dunes, barefooted Jimmy and Beverly Shoshone groundwork for an annual desert event which will become came across from the Indian village to pay us a visit. increasingly important—and popular—as the years pass. These two youngsters, six and eight years old, are de- Thoje who went to the Death Valley pageant two scendants of the Indians who saw the original 49ers trek years ago will recall the hours they spent in a bumper-to- across Death Valley 102 years ago. Their great uncle bumper traffic jam. There was none of that this year. was Panamint George, picturesque character in Death Death Valley is a spacious place, and the events and Valley for many years, before his death. exhibits were so timed and arranged that no one had to stand in line for anything. The little tribe of about 25 Shoshone Indians in Death Valley, unlike most of the other Indians in United States, More: than half of this year's Encampment visitors are not wards of Uncle Sam. They occupy 40 acres of solved the housing problem by going to Death Valley in land given them by the Park Service, and such aid as they trailers. Over six hundred of them were counted in the receive comes from the State of California rather than camp grounds which the Park Service has provided in from the federal government. the Monument. Jimmy and Beverly are bright youngsters and thanks Under the rules of the National Park Service, no one to Helen Ogston, their teacher in the Death Valley school, is permitted to sell anything in a National Park or Monu- they arc learning to speak good English, and are acquiring ment without a concessioner's license from the federal the good manners which will pave the way for their government. This requirement kept the Monument free adjustment to the white man's civilization. from the: various kinds of hawkers who normally, at such a gathering, would be selling everything from hot dogs • • • to beans in the bingo game. It was a refreshing experi- Excepting those occasional days when heavy winds ence to spend two days at an entertainment event where are blowing, Death Valley in winter is a delightful place there were no admission tickets to buy and no high pres- to camp and explore. Excellent accommodations are sure salesmen around. provided at Stove Pipe Wells, and at the Furnace Creek This year's Encampment was financed mainly by the Inn and Ranch, and there are good facilities for those sale of % 1.00 memberships in the Death Valley 49ers. who like to camp out. as many of us did during the There was a booth where the membership cards and Encampment this year. windshield stickers were issued—but the purchase of them I hope that in future years Death Valley 49ers will was voluntary. enlarge the campfire program which was arranged this The motif for this Annual Encampment in Death year. The art and photographic exhibits, the mineral and Valley is historical. This is California's way of paying museum displays are fine, and should be continued. But tribute to the memory of those courageous Jayhawkers a mammoth campfire program, arranged in one of the of 1849 who faced almost unbelievable hardship in their many natural amphitheaters at little expense except for trek across this region to reach the California gold fields. the firewood, should become the focal event for those who The men and women responsible for the Annual En- will make the annual trek to Death Valley. campment this year planned it as a cultural rather than a If we would preserve the tradition of those hardy pion- carnival program—and you and I are grateful to them eers who trekked westward to California a century ago. for that. a campfire offers the most realistic setting—and since the It is impossible to mention all those who contributed funds which will be available for the Death Valley En- to the success of this year's program, but much of the campment are very limited—it also provides the most credit is due to Los Angeles County Supervisor John economical stage for a program which visitors will like for Anson Ford, Ardis M. Walker, T. R. Goodwin, Frank its informality.

42 DESERT MAGAZINE ings were selected by editors Heizer and Whipple. General surveys open the book and form a reading back- ground. Other sections cover history and material and social cultures. Several chapters are dictated by tribesmen, who elucidate social cus- THE TRAGEDY OF AN MONUMENTS ASSOCIATION toms and religious beliefs in the stories EDUCATED INDIAN PUBLISHES MISSION HISTORY they tell as well as in their manner of narrative. One of the concluding es- Carlos Montezuma was an Apache Tumacacori, the famous old Spanish says attempts to trace and analyze the born in 1865 when the Indians of the mission in southern Arizona, now a conflicts which arose in 1848 with the Southwest were still living the primi- national monument, is the subject of coming of white civilization. tive life. Little Carlos—Wassaja was a colorful history told by Earl Jackson his Apache name—loved mescal cake, in Tumacacori's Yesterdays, newest The study is limited strictly to the munched pinyon nuts, ate newborn booklet published by the Southwestern one state and few extra-California com- baby mice and ran naked and free in Monuments Association. parisons have been instituted. The pur- the Apache camp in the Superstition Jackson covers Pimeria Alta history pose of the book, according to the Mountains of Arizona. His people in general, and Tumacacori history in editors, has not been so much to relate warred on the nearby Pima, Maricopa particular. From the first visit by California as a unit to other American and Papago tribes. Father Kino in 1691, he takes the cultures as to outline the internal rela- reader through the end of the Jesuit tions of the primitive civilization of One night the Pimas struck and the area. practically wiped out Wassaja's village, period in 1767, through the following carrying away a few children to be Franciscan period (when Tumacacori Published by the University of Cali- used or sold as slaves. Six-year-old gained importance as one of a chain fornia Press, 1951, 487 pp. Several Wassaja was among them. A kindly of missions and during which the pres- maps, drawings and halftone illustra- white bachelor, Carlos Gentile, at- ent church was built), into the second tions, $6.50. tracted to the appealing little Apache, quarter of the 19th century and the • o • bought him from the Pimas. Gentile end of mission activity. STORY OF ADVENTURE made his living as an itinerant photog- Illustrations in the book gain much FOR YOUTHFUL READERS rapher and Wassaja, given the name from research accomplished by the Jedediah Smith by Olive Burt is a of Carlos Montezuma, lived a fascin- National Park Service during the book for young people telling the story ating, wancering life with his benefac- 1930's, when exhibits were being pre- of the adventurous, dramatic life of tor, learning white ways and traveling pared for the monument museum at one of the famous Mountain Men who over the United States to the Atlantic Tumacacori. Included are many pho- blazed the trails that led to the open- seaboard. tographs of models and dioramas and ing of the West. In i 822 a young man Gentile arranged that he should be drawings which give the reader graphic answered an ad to join a party of educated and Carlos' native brilliance pictures of Spanish life in Arizona in beaver trappers. General Ashley of was trained as that of no other Indian Tumacacori's heyday about 1800 A.D. the Rocky Mountain Fur company of that period had ever been trained. There are two maps, a ground plan, quickly realized that this youth had He was graduated with honors from seven line drawings and 43 halftone the qualities for leadership which were Illinois University and studied medicine plates. essential in this dangerous enterprise. at Northwestern University, becoming Published by the Southwestern Exploring untracked wilderness, brav- one of the nation's most famous doc- Monuments Association, the 96-page ing attacks from hostile Indians, en- tors. booklet may be obtained from the during the searing heat of limitless des- Superintendent, Tumacacori National erts, The bitter cold of Rocky Moun- But Carlos Montezuma, as the years Monument, Tumacacori, Arizona, or passed, became more and more con- tain winters demanded high courage, from the office of the Association, Box resourcefulness and determination. scious of the miseries and wrongs suf- 1728, Santa Fc, New Mexico. fered by his Indian people and cam- After several years of hard, danger- paigned incessantly for their advance- O 0 O our exploring and trapping, Diah had ment. The tragedy of his life was that SOURCE BOOK A STUDY attained wealth. But he did not live even his own Apache tribesmen had OF EARLIEST CALIFORNIANS to enjoy it and to write the book of not yet reached the stage where they For the reader interested in under- information for which he had been could appreciate his efforts. A hope- standing the culture of the state's first keeping notes all through his journeys. less tubercular, Carlos finally died a inhabitants, R. F. Hcizer and M. A. To please two younger brothers, he lonely, pitiful death in a bare Apache Whipple have compiled and edited a outfitted an expedition for Santa Fc. wickiup. Brilliant and successful by collection of essays on the Indians of But the old restless fever again pos- the highest white standards, yet when California. sessed him and at the last moment he he knew that death was inevitable, he The California Indians is the first joined it. In the trackless burning des- returned to the land of his fathers, his book since Alfred L. Kroeber's highly ert, searching for water, a band of heart as well as his health broken by technical and comprehensive Hand- Comanches killed him. his fruitless efforts for his people. book of the Indians of California, a Olive Burt has made one of our volume long out of print, which ade- early historical figures live, for old as The story of Carlos Montezuma is quately delineates and interprets the well as young. And in so doing she told in Savage Son by Oren Arnold. aboriginal life in California. It is in- has added to our knowledge of the It is a sincerely sympathetic tale which tended for a lay public and, being a early days of our fabulous western will help leaders to understand the survey rather than an encyclopedia for lands. problems o' their Indian countrymen. reference work, it is readable as well Sketches by Robert Doremus. Pub- Published by the University of New as informative. lished by Julian Messner, Inc. 8 West Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 273 pp. Kroeber himself heads the list of 40th St., New York. 180 pp. Bibli- $4.50. outstanding anthropologists whose writ- ography and Index. $2.75.

JANUARY, 1952 43 MEN AND EVENTS YOU SHOULD KNOW The most fascinating chapter in American history Here are books that should be in the library of is the s;tory—the many stories—of the men who con- every American—for in the lessons of the past are quered the arid wilderness of the Southwest and found many of the answers for the problems of prepared the way for the enjoyment which people today. Here are the stories of pioneers, scouts. find today in this colorful land of rugged mountains Mountain men, missionaries, explorers and fighters and fertile oases. —and their contribution to Southwestern history.

H6 GOLD, GUNS AND GHOST TOWNS, W. A. H33 BUCKEY O'NEIL, Ralph Keithley. An au- Chalfant. Combines Outposts of Civilization thenticated, biographical story of the life of and Talcs of the Pioneers in attractive 7x10 edition. Arizona's most famous sheriff, long extolled in "All the rough and ready, gold-crazy exuberance campfire legend. An exciting, vigorous, robust of the old West is captured in these stories. The book. Photos, 240 pp $3.50 days when men, good and bad, were motivated only by the lust for nuggets and gold dust have been H35 CORONA DO, Knight of the Pueblos and sympathetically yet humorously chronicled.".$3.00 Plains, Herbert E. Bolton. The most thorough H7 HISTORY OF THE DONNER PARTY, C. F. tracing of the Coronado trail ever given ... As McGIashan. For 70 years the classic account exciting as the trek of the Fortyniners to California. of the tragic story of the pioneer emigrants to Cali- Maps, references, biblio, 491 pps $6.50 fornia who suffered untold horrors the winter of 1S1G-7, across the Great Salt desert and the Sierras. H40 THE TOMBSTONE STORY, John Myers Myers. Maps, old pictures, notes, biblio., index $3.50 The account of the boom days of this lawless H9 JACOB HAMBLIN, Buckskin Apostle, Paul silver town—history, intrigue, violence, murder Bailey. Mormon trailblazer and missionary who and robbery. A lusty saga of the fighting West. iived adventure and made history in Navajoland, $1.4!) the Grand Canyon and along the Old Spanish trail. An important Southwest book, in a limited edition. H41 LIEUTENANT EMORY REPORTS, Ross Cal lllus., endmaps, 400 pps $4.50 vin. Reprinted for the first time since 1848, is the much-quoted, seldom seen "Notes of a Military H10 JIM BRIDGER, Mountain Man, Stanley Ves- Reconnaissance" by W. H. Emory. This is the tal. Colorful, vital biography of one of the salty story of a young career-soldier. Maps, notes, great figures of the last century. Fur trapper, ex- biblio, 208 pp $4.50 plorer, Indian fighter, emigrant guide, teller of tales about the "peetrified trees." Portrait, biblio.. notes, index, maps, 333 pp $4.00 H42 ARIZONA'S DARK AND BLOODY GROUND, Earle R. Forrest. The first authentic history Hll JOURNEY OF THE FLAME, Fierro Blanco. of the Graham-Tewsbury vendetta in the Tonto Fascinating historical novel of Lower Cali- Basin country of Central Arizona in the latter fornia, combining legend, geography, geology, flora 1880's. A masterpiece no lover of the West should and fauna, mythology and ethnology as related by let pass by. Photos, 320 pp $4.00 Juan Colorado, called The Flame, about an epic journey in 1810 from Lower California to San Francisco $4.00 H43 MOUNTAIN MEADOWS MASSACRE, Juanita Brooks. This book describes one of the darkest H12 KIT CARSON, Stanley Vestal. Exciting biog- and most secret chapters in the history of the raphy of a Mountain Man, Plainsman, Path- West, the tragedy of a party of emigrants by finder, Soldier, Rancher, Indian Agent $3.00 Mormons and Indians. 243 pp. Index, appendix. $5.00 H10 OLD BILL WILLIAMS, Mountain Man, Al pheus H. Favour. Tempestuous career of a H44LAND OF THE CONQUISTADORES, Cleve peerless hunter, trapper, marksman, horseman, Hallenbeck. The first complete history of New who became more Indian than white, accompanied Mexico's development which has appeared for the first survey party to make Indian treaties for general reader. From the days of the Conquista- janta Fe right-of-ways. Map, photos, index.. . $;5.uu dores to the arrival of Colonel Doniphan's army in H18 A PATHFINDER IN THE SOUTHWEST, Santa Fe. 362 pp., biblio, index, map $5.00 Foreman, Ed. Lt. A. W. Whipple's explora- tions for railway route from Fort Smith to Los H45 FRONTIER FIGHTER, Nan Hillary Harrison. Angeles 1853-54. "One of the most interesting, The Autobiography of George W. Coe, who authoritative, and human journals on the South- rode and fought with Billy the Kid, the Southwest's west." Whipple party included mineralogists, as- most fabulous outlaw, as remembered by his friend tronomers, surveyors, naturalists, artists $:j.0() and fellow-warrior. 220 pp $3.50 H19 PIMERIA ALTA, H. E. Bolton, Ed. Kino's Historical Memoir, a contemporary account H46 PAGEANT IN THE WILDERNESS, Herbert of the beginnings of California, Sonora and Ari- E. Bolton. The story of Father Escalante's zona as recorded by Fr. Eusebio Kino, missionary trek into the Great Basin, 1776. A translation of explorer, cartographer, ranchman, 1GS3-1711. From the Escalante journal, which not only places the the original manuscript in Mexican archives. This expedition in its proper historical setting, but de- rare item now available two volumes in one. Many picts this trek as a great adventure. Biblio, Index, notes, biblio., maps, indexes $10.00 Photos, two maps, 250 pp $5.00 Postage prepaid California buyers add 3% tax "Decent PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA