CCH 2021 THE CENTER FOR CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY CALENDAR The Autoscritcher was an attempt by the army during World War II to develop an electronic machine to replace the electromechanical bombe in analyzing communications enciphered on the German ENIGMA machine. The Autoscritcher, while a good concept and despite the use of electronic components, was still slower than the bombe. Winter wonderland along Rockenbach Road, 2016. The road leads from the NSA buildings through Fort Meade. Normally, the road is lined with overflow parking spaces for Agency employees. However, in wintertime, it is one of the few convenient dumping sites for snow from the regular parking lots after heavy storms. JANUARY 2021 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 Lt. Gen. Gordon Blake, USAF, NSA Office of Policy first became DIRNSA, 1962 mandated use of term “Service Cryptologic Element,” 1980 U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) established, 1977 New Year’s Day 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NARA assigned Record Group Major General Gordon Blake Lieutenant (later Captain) Jerzy Rozycki, a Polish Cipher 457 (now “Records of the named Commander, Air Force Laurance Safford named OIC, Bureau mathematician who National Security Agency”) to Security Service, 1957 Navy Cryptographic Branch, helped break ENIGMA, died in a declassified NSA records, 1977 1924 ship sunk off France, 1942 Louis Tordella, longest serving D/DIR (1958-1974), died, 1996 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 First History Today article on NSA BRUSA Agreement–U.S.-UK General Order No. 9 authorized Daily Page, 2003 COMINT relationships during publication of a new War World War II, 1944 Department Telegraphic Code, 1898 Brigadier General Bernard Ardisana, USAF, NSA’s first Operation DESERT STORM Assistant Deputy Director of began, 1991 Operations, died on active duty, 1978 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Alfred Vail, co-inventor of the Encoded Zimmermann Telegram National Security Decision Intelligence chiefs of U.S. Army telegraph, died, 1859 sent by the Germans and Directive 298 made DIRNSA and Navy established list of intercepted by the British, 1917 responsible for interagency eligible readers of “Magic” OPSEC training, 1988 intercept, 1941 U.S. cryptologic pioneer Abraham Sinkov died, 1998 North Koreans captured USS Pueblo, 1968 Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., Observed 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Naval Battle of Dogger Bank, Navy EA-3B recon aircraft while a British cryptologic failure crashed, Mediterranean Sea, Paris Peace Accords signed– New Zealand warship captured Germans sustained greater 1987 end of U.S. involvement in Japanese submarine I-1, losses, 1914 Vietnam War, 1973 seizing multiple copies of JN-25 codebooks, 1943 Church Committee began investigation of U.S. Intelligence 31 Community, 1975 The Federal Register published details for the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), 1992 During World War II, African Americans engaged in cryptanalysis or cryptology for the US Army but worked in segregated offices. Even after the war, African Americans struggled against de facto segregation and discriminatory practices. However, some after-hours activities were integrated, as this picture of NSA’s Men’s Chorus in 1953 shows. FEBU R ARY 2021 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 Colossus activated by Bletchley German spy Lothar Witzke arrested USAFSS began operations in Intercept operations began at Sir Charles Wheatstone, inventor Park, 1944 carrying a coded message, 1918 South Vietnam with the arrival of Phu Bai. Became the largest of the Playfair cipher, born, 1802 German Navy introduced 4-rotor Team 1A, 6920th Security Wing, U.S. site in South Vietnam, 1963 USAF EC-47 (callsign Baron-52) Genevieve Young Hitt, early U.S. ENIGMA for U-Boats, 1942 at Da Nang, 1962 shot down over Laos. Eight female cryptologist, died, 1963 SIS began VENONA project, crew members, including 1943 four cryptologic technicians, USAFSS received its first cryptologic perished, 1973 units from the ASA, 1949 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Dr. David Kahn, noted First Americans visit Bletchley ENIGMA introduced into Establishment of the 805th Signal Signing of King-Marshall cryptologic historian, born, 1930 Park, begins U.S.-UK German Navy as Radio Service Company for operation Agreement— established role cryptologic cooperation during Key C, 1926 of the SIGSALY, 1943 of Army/Navy COMINT liaison The U.S. Navy’s OP-20-G moved World War II, 1941 officers in Pacific theater, 1944 to Nebraska Avenue, 1943 Edward Hebern, developer of an electric coding and decoding machine, died, 1952 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Government seizure of The ENIAC computer began National Security Council cryptologist Herbert O. Yardley’s operating, 1946 Intelligence Directive 6 established Central Security tell-all memoir, Japanese Service (CSS), 1972 Diplomatic Secrets, 1933 Japanese first use of the PURPLE machine-generated diplomatic cryptosystem, 1939 Washington’s Birthday 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Sarah G. Bagley became first Dedication of Memorial Wall Radio Act of 1927 prohibited Captain Thomas Dyer, USN, Major General Joseph female telegrapher, Lowell, in OPS2B, honoring those radio intercept in U.S. became first NSA Historian, 1954 Mauborgne, USA, expert on MA, 1846 cryptologists who sacrificed their codes and ciphers and World lives, 1996 Lieutenant General Kenneth Claude Shannon, pioneer in War I Army Signal Corps Officer, Ribbon-cutting ceremony for Minihan, USAF, became DIRNSA, cryptologic theory and father of born, 1881 National SIGINT Operations 1996 the digital revolution, died, 2001 NSA-sponsored exhibit opened Center (NSOC), 1973 at Smithsonian, 1981 28 President Wilson informed of the contents of the Zimmermann telegram, 1917 African American/Black History Month Inprocessing for new NSA employees, 1957. Note the inkwells and ashtrays on nearly every desk. MAR CH 2021 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 German ADFGVX cipher Cryptologic pioneer Colonel U.S. Army aerial reconnaissance Station HYPO began reading William Friedman testified first used, 1918 Parker Hitt, USA, died, 1971 RU-8 shot down, Vietnam, 1971 Japanese system JN-25, 1942 before a Senate committee investigating the Teapot Dome First hire at SIS, Annie Louise STONEHOUSE site in Ethiopia BRUSA Communications scandal, 1924 Newkirk, cryptographic clerk, officially closed, 1975 Intelligence Agreement 1930 continues U.S.-UK partnership U.S. Army aerial reconnaissance after World War II, 1946 UH-1 loss, Vietnam, 1971 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 509th Radio Research Group “Direct” SIGINT support to USAF aerial reconnaissance The first successful voice U.S. Navy cryptologic AFSA Training Branch DIRNSA approved a barbershop was resubordinated, ending tactical air control center EC-47 loss, Vietnam, 1967 transmission over Alexander organization redesignated OP- established, 1951 and drug store for NSA Fort ASA’s 12-year presence in South began on Cho Do (island) Graham Bell’s telephone, 20-G, 1935 Meade, 1957 Vietnam, 1973 during the Korean War, 1953 1876 Evacuation of Station CAST Lieutenant General Ralph J. Establishment of Radio from Manila Bay, 1942 Canine, USA, first DIRNSA, died, Intelligence Service, Mexican 1969 border, 1918 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 CREAM replaced ULTRA as The details of the block Horst Feistel received a patent SIS started receiving messages Seoul, South Korea, recaptured the codeword for top secret encryption algorithm Lucifer for “Block Cipher Cryptographic from PURPLE (a Japanese by UN forces, 1951 cryptologic material, 1946 were published in the Federal System,” an encryption scheme cipher machine), 1939 Register, 1975 that laid the foundation for the USAF aerial reconnaissance Data Encryption Standard, 1974 RC-135 crashed at Shemya AFS, AK, 1981 Operation Iraqi Freedom began, 2003 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ASA flew first airborne radio The director of U.S. naval Lieutenant General Michael Most NSA professionalization direction finding mission in communications and the Hayden, USAF, became DIRNSA, programs terminated, 2000 Vietnam, 1962 director of AFSA (both rear 1999 admirals at the time) signed an agreement regarding direction and support of COMINT operating activities of the U.S. Navy, 1951 28 29 30 31 Chief Signal Officer Major Presidential Review Group Griffith Air Force Base found General Joseph Mauborgne, member Geoffrey Stone spoke packet-sniffing malware in its Army Signal Corps, permitted at NSA (group created in the Rome, NY, labs’ network, 1994 to perform intercept and wake of Snowden leaks), 2014 cryptologic services for Women’s History peacetime training and national defense, 1938 Month Air Force intercept operators at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, in 1949. The cryptologic unit in the Air Force was then less than a year old. APRIL 2021 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 Frank Rowlett reported to Samuel Morse, developer of Cryptologic pioneer Solomon work for William Friedman, 1930 telegraph code, died, 1872 Kullback, one of William Friedman's early hires, born, Lieutenant General Lincoln D. 1907 ( Faurer, USAF, became DIRNSA, Days of Remembrance Holocaust) 1981 Bell Labs completed the first cell-phone call, 1973 Admiral Michael S. Rogers, USN, sworn in as Director, NSA and Commander, USCYBERCOM, 2014 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Secretary of War transferred Captain George Painvin of the The United States entered World The Yamato, a 72,000-ton Navy PB44-2 shot down, Baltic cryptologic functions from the French Cipher Bureau solved the War I, 1917 Japanese battleship, sunk off Sea, 1950 Military Intelligence Division to first key for the ADFGVX cipher, Okinawa in large part because First break into the Japanese the Signal Corps; created the 1918 of SIGINT tipoffs, 1945 Water Transport Code, 1943 Signal Intelligence Service with William Friedman as its head, IBM introduces the System/360 1929 mainframe computer, which developed from NSA’s HARVEST computer, 1964 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Abraham Sinkov reported Cryptologic pioneer Herbert O.