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14 ON THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS

2. INVOLUTTNA CONICA, Brady, MS. Upper limestone—Orchard; lower limestone — Craigenglen, rare; Brockley, common.

3. I. LOBATA, Brady, MS. Moderately common. Upper limestone. High Blantyre. A larger variety is found sparingly in the Brockley beds, and Braidwood main limestone. 4. I. RADiATA, Brady, MS. Common in the lower limestone shales of the Garple "Water, Muirkirk; rather rare in the Brockley beds; very rare at Craigie.

NOTE.—Mr. Brady leaves one form, common at Brockley, and more rare at Craigen­ glen, for the present, undetermined.

Hydrozoa.—Two species belonging to this class have recently been discovered in the lower limestone series.

HYDROZOA.

1. PALJSOCORYNE SCOTICTTM, Duncan and Jenkins. Phil. Trans, for 1869, pp. 693-699, pL lxvi. Rare. Lower limestone. Roughwood; Brockley. 2. P. RADIATUM, Duncan and Jenkins. Rare. Lower limestone. Roughwood; Auchenskeoch. These Tubularine Hydrozoa are usually found attached to the margins of the cell-openings of Polyzoa. Their general appearance "is that of a long, straight- armed starfish reversed, and fixed on a stiff stem with an expanded base."— D. and J.

Zoophyta.—This class is represented by a considerable number of genera and species, some of which are so abundant in certain horizons that their stony skeletons now form whole bands of limestone. Corals, being truly marine in their habitat, are never found in the strata of our upper coal measures, nor in the brackish or fresh-water. beds that alternate with the limestone series or lower coal measures. They are always associated with fossils which represent true oceanic conditions, like the marine fauna of our present seas. About twenty genera and treble that number of species have already been recorded as found in our Downloaded from http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/ at University of Saskatchewan on March 18, 2015

OF THE WEST OF . 15 strata; and, as the work of investigation goes on, it is likely that other forms will yet be detected. The greatest number is found in the lower limestone series, some of which seem to be charac­ teristic of this division, such as Lithodendron, Lithostrotion, Syringopora, Cyathophyllum, Amplexus, Heterophyllia, Michelinia, etc. Several of the genera have, however, a wider vertical range, being found in the lower, as well as in the upper limestones and shales. These are chiefly Clisiophytlum, Zaphrentis, Steno- pora, and Alveolites; but corals, so far as I have observed, seem to be nowhere very abundant in the upper limestone series. Many of the Scottish carboniferous corals, being embedded in soft clay shale and calcareous shale, have their internal structure better preserved than specimens obtained from hard limestone, which are often so much crystallized internally that their finer septa are in many cases entirely obliterated. The localities of easiest access where carboniferous corals may be obtained are, the various quarries in the districts around Beith and Dairy; the limestone sections in the Bathgate hills; Corrie- burn, on the Campsie hills; Brockley and Auchinheath, near —all in the lower limestone series; and Gare, near Carluke; Robroyston, north-east of ; and the quarries in the High Blantyre and East Kilbride districts—in the upper limestone series.

ZOOPHYTA.

1. ALVEOLITES DEPRESSA, Flem. sp. Bare. Lower limestone. First calmy and main limestones, Carluke; Boghead, Lesmahagow; Brockley; Bathgate.

2. A. SEPTOSA, Flem. sp. Common. Upper limestone—Gare; Linn limestone, Dairy; lower limestone—Braehead, Busby; Auchenskeoch; Boghead, Lesmahagow; Bathgate quarries, where it occurs incrusting the valves of Productus yiganteuSj as well as in bands in the limestone.

3. AMPLEXUS CORALLOIDES, SOW. Bare. Lower limestone. Brockley; Broadstone; Boughwood.

4. A. HENSLOWI, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Boughwood; Auchenskeoch; Brockley.

5. A. SPINOSUS, de Koninck. Bather rare. Lower limestone. Shiels, E. Kilbride; Langside and Boughwood, Beith; Brockley. Downloaded from http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/ at University of Saskatchewan on March 18, 2015

16 ON THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS

6. ASTBJEOPORA OYCLOSTOMA, Phil. Bare. Upper limestone—Gare; lower limestone—first calmy lime­ stone, Carluke; Brockley; Auchenskeoch. Parasitic upon encrinite stems and shells.

7. ATJLOPHTLLTJM EDWARDSI, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Bathgate.

8. A. FUNGJTES, M. Edw. Ure, pi. xx., fig. 6. Bare. Lower limestone. Bathgate. 9. CAMPQPHYLLTJM MTTRCHTSONI, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Broadstone; Brockley, in limestone below the Produetus giganteus bed.

10. CLADOCHONUS BECHEI, M. Edw. Yery rare. Lower limestone. Brockley. Sections are being cut to determine the full characters of this coral.

11. CLISIOPHYLLUM BIPARTITTTM, M'Coy. Common. Lower limestone. Broadstone; Boughwood; Brockley, in the limestone shales.

12. C CONISEPTTJM, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Langside, Beith, in shale.

13. C KETSERLINGI, M'Coy. Bare. Lower limestone. In the same beds as O. bipartitum.

14. C. TTJRBINATTJM, M'Coy. Moderately common. Lower limestone. Bathgate, in shale; Brockley, shale and limestone; Shiels, E. Kilbride, in shale; Broadstone, in shale.

15. OOLUMNARIA EGERTONI, M. Edw. Very rare. Lower limestone. Broadstone, in masses in the limestone and shale.

16. CYATHAXONIA CORNU, Mich. Bare. Lower limestone. Brockley, in shale.

17. CYATHOPHYLLTJM ARCHTACT, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Broadstone.

18. C. EXPANSUM, M'Coy sp. Very rare. Lower limestone. Broadstone.

19. C. MTJRCHSONI, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Bathgate, in shale.

20. C. PARA.CIDA, M'Coy. Common, Lower limestone. Broadstone; Auchenmade; Brockley; Bathgate. Downloaded from http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/ at University of Saskatchewan on March 18, 2015

OP THE WEST OF SCOTLAND. 17

21. C. PSEUDO-VERMICULARE, M'Coy. Bare. Lower limestone. Brockley, in shale.

22. C REGIUM, Phil. Not common. Lower limestone. Bathgate, in masses in the limestone.

23. C. WRIGHTII, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Howrat.

24. CYCLOPHYLLUM BOWERBANEJI, D. & T. Bare. Lower limestone. Bathgate; Brockley; Braidwood, in the main limestone; Bonghwood; Broadstone.

25. C. WNGITES, D. & T. Bare. Lower limestone. In the same beds as the preceding species.

26. FISTTXLIPORA MINOR, M'Coy. Bare. Lower limestone. Brockley; Boghead, Lesmahagow. Occurs in small ovate and globular masses.

27. FAVOSITES PARASITICA, Phil. Bare. Lower limestone. Howood; Brockley.

28. HETEROPHYLLIA ANGULATA, Duncan. Bare. Lower limestone. Auchenskeoch; Brockley.

29. H. GRAN ULATA, Duncan. Bare. Lower limestone. Brockley.

30. H. LYELLT, Duncan. Common. Lower limestone. Craigenglen; Brockley.

31. 1H. MIRABILIS, Duncan. Occurs along with the preceding species.

32. H. M'COYI, Duncan. Bare. Lower limestone. Brockley.

33. H. SEDGWICKI, Duncan. Bare. Occurs along with the preceding species.

34. LITHODENDRON AFFINE, Flem. Bare. Lower limestone. Bathgate, in limestone and shale.

35. L. FASCICULATUM, Flem. Ure, pi. xix., fig. 13. Common. Lower limestone. Boghead, Lesmahagow; Craigenglen; Corrieburn, where it forms a bed varying from two to four feet in thickness.

36. L. IRREGULARIS, PHI. Bare. Lower limestone. Auchenmade; Boghead, Lesmahagow; Auchenskeoch.

15*. Lyelli appears to be founded on imperfectly preserved specimens of H.

miraMUs. See a paper by Mr. John vYoung in the Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow, VoL I., p. 256. C Downloaded from http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/ at University of Saskatchewan on March 18, 2015

18 ON THE CARBONIFEROUS FOSSILS

37. L. JUNCEUM, Mem. Ure, pi. xix., fig. 12. Common. Brockley; Craigenglen; Corrieburn; forms the tipper part of the "two-feet" limestone in the Beith section.

38. LTTHOSTROTION ARANEA, M'Coy, sp. Common. Lower limestone. Bathgate, in masses in the limestone.

39. L. ENSTFER, M. Edw. Common. Lower limestone. Bathgate, in large masses in the lime­ stone.

40. L. PORTLOOKI, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Corrieburn, in masses upon the coralline band. 41. L. DECTPIENS, M'Coy. (NEMATOPHYLLUM, M'Coy.) Bare. Lower limestone. Boghead, Lesmahagow, in masses through­ out the limestone.

42. LONSDALEIA DTJPLICATA, Mart. Bare. Lower limestone. Glen Muirshaw, Muirkirk, in shale. 43. L. FLORIFORMIS, Mart. Bare. Lower limestone. Bathgate. 44. L. RUGOSA. M'Coy. Lower limestone. Main limestone, Braidwood, rare; Boghead and Netherton, Lesmahagow, where it occurs in great masses in the lime­ stone, and in which the mode of growth is seen in every stage of development.

45. LOPHOPHYLLUM (CYATHOPSIS) ERTJCA, M'Coy. Lower limestone. Beith quarries.

46. MICHELTNIA TENUISEPTA, Phil. Common. Lower limestone. Broadstone, and Bough wood; Shiels, East Kilbride. Occurs in small masses, both in the limestone and shale.

47. STENOPORA TTJMIDA, Phil. Ure, pi. xx., figs. 1, 2. Common. Upper limestone—Boghead; High Blantyre andEast Kilbride limestone shales; Gare; lower limestone—Corrieburn, in white shale overlying the coralline limestone; Brockley.

48. SYRINGOPORA RAMULOSA, Goldf. Bare. Lower limestone. Howood, in masses, in shale overlying the limestone; Broadstone, and Auchenskeoch, in the shales of both these localities. 49. S. RETICULATA, Goldf. Bare. Lower limestone. Boghead, Lesmahagpw, in masses in the limestone; main limestone, Braidwood. Downloaded from http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/ at University of Saskatchewan on March 18, 2015

OF THE WEST OF SCOTLAND. 19

50. ZAPHRENTIS BOWERBANKII, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Broadstone; Boughwood.

51. Z. CORNUCOPIA, Mich. Bare. Lower limestone. Boughwood.

52. Z. CYLINDRICA, Scouler, sp. Common. Lower limestone. Brockley; Broadstone; Auchenskeoch; Corrieburn.

53. Z. ENNISKILLENI, M. Edw. Common. Upper limestone—High Blantyre, in shale; lower lime­ stone—Auchenskeoch.

54. Z. GRIFFITHI, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Auchenskeoch; Brockley.

55. Z. MTCHELTNI, M. Edw. Bare. Lower limestone. Netherfield, .

56. Z. NODULOSA, Phil. Very rare. Lower limestone. Brockley.

57. Z. PATULA, Mich. Common. Lower limestone. Brockley; Boughwood; Corrieburn; Craigenglen.

58. Z. PHILLIPSI, M. Edw. Common. Upper limestone—Gare; lower limestone—Auchenskeoch.

59. Z. SPINULOSA, M. Edw. Very rare. Lower limestone. Brockley.

JEchinodermata.—The Crinoids and Sea-urchins are as yet the only members of this class found in the western Scottish coal field. The crinoids of the limestone series have hitherto received very little attention or investigation; but I think there will yet be found a considerable number of undescribed genera and species. We seem, however, to want in our beds many of the typical forms of crinoids met with in similar strata in England and Ireland. In certain strata they occur plentifully both in the lower and upper limestone series. One species, having a pentagonal stem, was found by the late Mr. Skipsey, in a bed at Drumpark, to the east of Glasgow, which occupies a high position in the upper coal measures. It was associated with several other genera of marine carboniferous limestone fossils, and is the highest horizon in which they have been detected in our coal field. In a