Mary Murphy Slide Collection
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Table of Contents 4.0 Description of the Physical
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT............................................ 41 4.1 Geology ................................................................................................. 41 4.1.1 Methodology ........................................................................................ 41 4.1.2 Regional Geological Formations........................................................... 42 4.1.3 Local Geological Units ......................................................................... 47 4.1.3.1 Atlantic Coast .......................................................................... 47 4.1.3.2 Gatun Locks.............................................................................. 48 4.1.3.3 Gatun Lake ............................................................................... 49 4.1.3.4 Culebra Cut ......................................................................... ...410 4.1.3.5 Pacific Locks ...........................................................................411 4.1.3.6 Pacific Coast............................................................................412 4.1.4 Paleontological Resources ...................................................................413 4.1.5 Geotechnical Characterization .............................................................417 4.1.6 Tectonics.............................................................................................421 4.2 Geomorphology ..............................................................................................422 -
Project JYP-1104 SALT INTRUSION in GATUN LAKE a Major Qualifying
Project JYP-1104 SALT INTRUSION IN GATUN LAKE A Major Qualifying Project submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Assel Akhmetova Cristina Crespo Edwin Muñiz March 11, 2012 Jeanine D. Plummer, Major Advisor Associate Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering 1. Gatun Lake 2. Salt Intrusion 3. Panama Canal Abstract The expansion of the Panama Canal is adding another lock lane to the canal, allowing passage of larger ships. Increases in the number of transits and the size of the locks may displace more salt from the oceans into the freshwater lake, Gatun Lake, which is a drinking water source for Panama City. This project evaluated future salinity levels in Gatun Lake. Water quality and hydrometeorological data were input into a predictive hydrodynamic software package to project salinity levels in the lake after the new lock system is completed. Modeling results showed that salinity levels are expected to remain in the freshwater range. In the event that the lake becomes brackish, the team designed a water treatment plant using electrodialysis reversal for salt removal and UV light disinfection. ii Executive Summary The Panama Canal runs from the Pacific Ocean in the southeast to the Atlantic Ocean in the northwest over a watershed area containing the freshwater lake, Gatun Lake. The canal facilitates the transit of 36 ships daily using three sets of locks, which displace large volumes of water into and out of Gatun Lake. The displacement of water has the potential to cause salt intrusion into the freshwater Gatun Lake. -
The Panama Canal: It's All About Connectivity
The Panama Canal: It’s all about connectivity Panama at a glance GDP growth rate – last 10 years 7.5% GDP estimated- 2013 (dollars) 38,6b GDP per capita - 2013 estimated (in dollars) 13,032 Population (million) 3.5 Unemployment rate (in %) 4.0 Inflation rate - 2013 (in %) 4.08 It’s all about Connectivity • 144 trade routes • 1,700 ports • 160 countries The Panama Canal’s value added service The Panama Canal Service Package Economies of Scale Connectivity Sustainability Reliability Reliability • Opens 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year • Safe and secure • 98% customer satisfaction • Strikes not allowed by law; only two closures in its history • Predictability: Published tariffs and fixed transit date with reservation TIME AND DISTANCE SAVINGS ALTERNATE ROUTES PANAMA CANAL SUEZ CAPE HORN CAPE OF GOOD HOPE DAYS DISTANCE DAYS DISTANCE DAYS DISTANCE DAYS DISTANCE East and Gulf Coast US - Asia 20.0 9,640 29.5 14,178 35.6 17,112 31.6 15,417 West Coast South America – 7.3 3,351 43.3 19,776 21.3 9,753 43.1 19,693 East Coast US West Coast South America - 14.1 6,433 39.8 18,184 22 10,506 42.3 19,321 Europe West Coast US - Europe 17.5 8,005 35.5 16,210 30 13,702 42.4 19,385 West Coast Central America – 6.3 2,900 43.2 19,756 24.9 11,379 44.4 20,299 East Coast US Source: Fairplay Distance Table Speed: 20 knots Distance from point to point, travel days without considering port calls Sustainability PanamaCapacity: Canal - 2015 Existing Canal: 330m PC/UMS tons Expanded Canal: 600m PC/UMS tons Expansion Program Components Atlantic Site Post- -
THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW Number 215 Are in Competitive Jobs With- Mileage Allowance
^) T«f - l-P-03 -G Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum^ Vol. 5, No. 3 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, OCTOBER 1, 1954 5 cents Fearless Foursome TEMPORARY PLAN USED TO COVER VACATION TRAVEL Judging by the avalanche of real and hypothetical questions thrown at the three employees in the Transportation Section of the Administrative Branch, it was fortunate that enactment of the free home leave travel legislation came at the end of the summer vacation season. No subject in many years has stimu- lated more interest or evoked more ques- tions than this. So many inquiries were received by the Transportation Section that a special request was made for em- ployees not planning immediate vacations to delay their questions. The Canal administration moved quick- ly when news was received that President Eisenhower had signed the bill into law. The plan was made effective immediately and employees leaving the next day on the Panama Line were given an oppor- tunity to accept free transportation. The plan is still SLIDING'S FUN and stirs up a breeze on a hot day. These Los Rios youngsters enjoy some of the being operated under equipment at their new play area: Ricky Riesch, Martha Jane Spinney (asked to spell it, she said: "You temporary rules until permanent regula- don't. You say it!"), Madeline Hopson, and Janet Stuart. For more on Canal Zone playgrounds, see tions are formulated. It is expected that page 5. these will be ready for announcement at an early date. First Free Tickets CANAL EMPLOYEES BEGIN TO SEE EFFECTS Travel orders are now being issued for all forms of transportation, and employ- BILL ees leaving today on the S. -
Panamax - Wikipedia 4/20/20, 10 18 AM
Panamax - Wikipedia 4/20/20, 1018 AM Panamax Panamax and New Panamax (or Neopanamax) are terms for the size limits for ships travelling through the Panama Canal. General characteristics The limits and requirements are published by the Panama Canal Panamax Authority (ACP) in a publication titled "Vessel Requirements".[1] Tonnage: 52,500 DWT These requirements also describe topics like exceptional dry Length: 289.56 m (950 ft) seasonal limits, propulsion, communications, and detailed ship design. Beam: 32.31 m (106 ft) Height: 57.91 m (190 ft) The allowable size is limited by the width and length of the available lock chambers, by the depth of water in the canal, and Draft: 12.04 m (39.5 ft) by the height of the Bridge of the Americas since that bridge's Capacity: 5,000 TEU construction. These dimensions give clear parameters for ships Notes: Opened 1914 destined to traverse the Panama Canal and have influenced the design of cargo ships, naval vessels, and passenger ships. General characteristics New Panamax specifications have been in effect since the opening of Panamax the canal in 1914. In 2009 the ACP published the New Panamax Tonnage: 120,000 DWT specification[2] which came into effect when the canal's third set of locks, larger than the original two, opened on 26 June 2016. Length: 366 m (1,201 ft) Ships that do not fall within the Panamax-sizes are called post- Beam: 51.25 m (168 ft) Panamax or super-Panamax. Height: 57.91 m (190 ft) The increasing prevalence of vessels of the maximum size is a Draft: 15.2 m (50 ft) problem for the canal, as a Panamax ship is a tight fit that Capacity: 13,000 TEU requires precise control of the vessel in the locks, possibly resulting in longer lock time, and requiring that these ships Notes: Opened 2016 transit in daylight. -
Essence of Panama
$350 per person off AIRFAREwhen booked by 7/9/2021 SMALL GROUP ADVENTURE Essence of Panama Departure Date: February 3, 2022 Essence of Panama Enjoy a partial transit of the Panama Canal Shop for handmade handicrafts and clothing DAY 1 USA / Panama City, Panama: Depart the USA on View a 3D IMAX movie on the history and construction of the your flight to Panama City. Upon arrival, you’ll be met by a canal and visit the mini-museum, depicting the struggles that Mayflower Cruises & Tours representative and transferred to were encountered. your hotel. The afternoon is at leisure to become acquainted with your new surroundings. This evening, join your Tour From the balcony, you have a chance to see the operation Manager for an orientation meeting at the hotel. of the lock, as you overlook this amazing architectural masterpiece. After the excursion, return to the hotel with free DAY 2 Panama Canal Cruise: Today may well be a highlight time until the included dinner at a local restaurant. Meals: B, D of your trip! Depart for the Gamboa area and embark a ship to begin the partial transit of the Panama Canal, narrated by a DAY 4 Panama City – Azuero Peninsula: Leaving Panama local expert. Cruise through the Gaillard Cut, cross under the City, journey by coach through Panama’s countryside. For the Centennial Bridge and transit the Pedro Miguel Locks. next two days, enjoy the authentic Panamanian countryside, rich in tradition, culture and folklore. Stop for lunch at a local Enjoy lunch onboard while experiencing the operation of the restaurant before a late afternoon arrival at the hotel. -
Synopsis Sheets CANAL DE PANAMA UK
Synopsis sheets Rivers of the World THE PANAMA CANAL Initiatives pour l’Avenir des Grands Fleuves The Panama Canal 80 km long, the Panama Canal links the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, forming a faster transoceanic route for merchant shipping than by passing via Cape Horn, at the southernmost tip of South America. A strategic hub for the world’s maritime trade, 15,000 ships pass through it every year. In 2016, a huge project of Canal’s enlargement was completed to double its capacity and accommodate the new generation ships, larger and longer, the Post Panamax. Now it has to face new challenges: competing projects are emerging and new shipping routes can be opened that would reduce the supremacy of the Panama Canal. A strategic route The origins Océan Atlantique The first attempt to build the canal dates back to 1880. France entrusted Ferdinand de Lesseps with the responsibility of its design and amassed considerable funds. However, the technical difficulties and above all a major financial scandal revealed in 1889 led to the bankruptcy of the Compagnie Universelle du Canal Inter-océanique du Panamá. The new Panama Canal Company took over but met the same fate, and in 1903 the treaty of Hay- Bunau-Varilla officialised the transfer of the operating and building rights to the canal to the United States. Built under the direction of G.W. Goethals, at the head of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the canal opened in 1914 and was finally handed over to Panama in 1999 by virtue of the Torrijos-Carter Treaty. -
The Role of Panama Canal in Global Shipping
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: www.emeraldinsight.com/2397-3757.htm Role of The role of Panama Canal in Panama Canal global shipping in global shipping Mariner Wang Graduate School of Management, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Japan 247 Received 3 July 2017 Revised 7 August 2017 Abstract Accepted 11 August 2017 Purpose – The purpose of this study is to find out the future development of the Panama Canal after opening of the new waterway (third set of locks project), in terms of the change of cargo throughput, further deployment of fleets by the shipping companies and competition for the canal. Design/methodology/approach – The research of this paper is based on an empiric study by collecting the relevant data from annual report of the Panama Canal Authority, publications related to the same field. Graphs pertaining to toll revenue also are made based on statistical data provided by the Panama Canal Authority. Findings – The findings show that the opening of the new waterway of the Panama Canal generates more toll revenue for Panama government by allowing mega-vessels to transit, expediting further economic development of the country largely from behind. At the same time, shipping operators also can enjoy earning more revenue by deploying New Panamax vessels transiting the Canal. Originality/value – Ingenuity in tabling the users of the Panama Canal by incorporating the logo marks of the shipping companies/implication is drawn through empirical analysis to provide the shipping companies and ports authorities concerned with more understanding toward the very significance of the new waterway expansion of the Panama Canal. -
The Panama Canal Review Our Cover
COLLECTIOM Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie1976pana Of JL« CANAL EVIE CENTENNIAI EDITION 1976 I -.''• V From the Governor of the fanal Zone on the 200th anniversary of the United States Governor Harold R. Parfitt IN 1976, AS WE CELEBRATE nental Divide; constructing the largest This outstanding record was made the Bicentennial of the United earth dam ever built up to that time; possible by a dedicated work force States, the construction of the Panama designing and building the most of Americans and Panamanians, who - Canal stands out as one of the greatest massive canal locks ever envisioned; continue today, as the} have done milestones in the history of the nation. constructing the largest gates ever in the past, to operate this vital swung; conquering devastating utility for the benefit of all the It not only opened the way for landslides; and solving environmental nations of the world. westward expansion, it also gave the and health problems of enormous maritime world one of its most proportions. important links in the lanes of international commerce. As we look back over 200 years of history, it is fitting that we pay tribute Among the great peaceful endeavors to the builders of the Canal, to those of mankind that have contributed men and women of many nationalities significantly to progress in the world, whose initiative, determination, and the construction of the Canal stands devotion to duty were responsible for as an awe-inspiring achievement. its successful completion. -
Biodiversity Impacts Across Time and Space: the Case of the Introduced Piscivore, Cichla Monoculus, in Panama
Biodiversity Impacts Across Time and Space: The Case of the Introduced Piscivore, Cichla monoculus, in Panama Meagan Deviaene1 and Karling Roberts2 1McGill University Department of Microbiology 3775 University St., Room 511 Montreal, QC H3A 2B4 2McGill University School of Environment 3534 University St., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7 Report for Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute: Diana Sharpe Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Fellow NAOS Laboratories Panama City, Panamá Phone: +507.212.8840 E-mail: [email protected] Number of Days Spent of Project: 38 Number of Days Spent in the Field: 15 Biodiversity Impacts Across Time and Space: The Case of the Introduced Piscivore, Cichla monoculus, in Panama Karling Roberts and Meagan Deviaene For: Diana Sharpe, STRI Fellow, NAOS Laboratories, Panama City, Panamá Context. Freshwater ecosystems, especially reservoirs, provide excellent habitats in which to study anthropogenic effects. Humans dictate the physical environment of these milieus with their construction, and their biotic composition with introductions of a nonindigenous species purposely translocated for economic, social, or other gains. Introductions often set the course to invasion where the introduced species “cause(s) economic or environmental harm or harm to human health”. Panama is especially susceptible to this threat, as 3 of its largest lakes are man-made reservoirs and two of which are components of the Panama Canal, allowing a wider distribution of the introduced and invasive species. Peacock bass (Cichla monoculus) is a piscivorous predator that is native to the amazon river basin but has been frequently introduced to other regions with the goal of improving artisanal and recreational fishing. Peacock bass were introduced in Panama in 1967. -
The Panama Canal: Modernization and Expansion
TheThe PanamaPanama CanalCanal:: ModernizationModernization andand ExpansionExpansion 26th26th AnnualAnnual SummerSummer Ports,Ports, Waterways,Waterways, FreightFreight && InternationalInternational TradeTrade ConferenceConference JuneJune 26,26, 20012001 Galveston,Galveston, TexasTexas RodolfoRodolfo SabongeSabonge Director,Director, CorporateCorporate PlanningPlanning andand MarketingMarketing PanamaPanama CanalCanal AuthorityAuthority AgendaAgenda !! CanalCanal PerformancePerformance !! ModernizationModernization ProgramProgram !! ExpansionExpansion PlansPlans ATLANTIC OCEAN CHAGRES RIVER RIO GRANDE PACIFIC OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN GATUN LAKE CHAGRES RIVER GRANDE RIVER PACIFIC OCEAN COLONCOLON CICITYTY ATLANTIC OCEAN GATUN LOCKS GATUN MADDEN LAKE RIO CHAGRES PEDRO MIGUEL LOCKS MIRAFLORES LOCKS PANAMPANAMA A CICITYTY PACIFIC OCEAN PANAMPANAM AX AX VESSELVESSEL LOCKSLOCKS CHAMBER:CHAMBER: 304.8304.8 mts.mts. MAXMAX LENGTH:LENGTH: 294294 mts.mts. MAXMAX DRAFT:DRAFT: 1212 M.M. CHAMBERCHAMBER WIDTH:WIDTH: 33.5233.52 mtsmts MAXMAX BEAM:BEAM: 32.532.5 mts.mts. 8080 KmKm 88 -- 1010 hrshrs TRANSITTRANSIT TIMETIME +/-+/- 2424 hrshrs CWTCWT Kobe,Kobe, JapanJapan -- NewNew YorkYork SavesSaves 2,2,846846 NautNautiicalcal MiMilleses Source:Source: FaiFairprp l layay WorlWorldshidshippippingng EncyclEncyclopediopediaa 19981998 EcuadorEcuador -- NewNew YorkYork SavesSaves 7,7,366366 NautNautiicalcal MiMilleses Source:Source: FaiFairprp l layay WorlWorldshidshippippingng EncyclEncyclopediopediaa 19981998 PrincipalPrincipal RoutesRoutes -- FYFY 20002000 -
The Panama Canal a Challenge Met
The Panama Canal A Challenge Met A World Changed Dr Kenneth Stein 2022 Grand World Zoom February 15, 2021 Original Panama Canal The Atlantic Bridge Opened August 2, 2019 Hopefully we’ll get this welcome… Left Agua Clara Right Gatun Original Mules Today’s Mules Agua Clara Locks Not Always Sunny Gatun Dam Welcome to Gatun Lake Leaving Gatun Lake and Entering the Gantun Channel 33 Electronic tracking & Navigation Stations Dredging continues every day; day in & day out And every night Shore Side Erosion Baru Drill Barge Crocodiles Sloth Blue-Footed Booby Primates Chagres River flows into the Panama Canal Gamboa Original Panama Canal Housing Titan Heavy Lift Crane • Built 1941 Germany • Lift 385 Tons • Boom 367 Feet High El Renacer Prison - Gamboa Home of Manuel Noriega Died 2017 The Culebra Channel Christensen Dipper Dredge Christensen in Action at the Culebra Culebra Cut What a difference a 100 years and a little landscaping can make. 1915 2015 The Centennial Bridge August 2004 Cucaracha Landing Centennial Bridge – Pedro Miguel Lock – Miraflores Locks Original and Expanded Canal – Pedro Miguel Lock Pedro Miguel Lock Control Station Pedro Miguel Boat Club Miraflores Visitors Center Canal Side Tug Landing Miraflores Dam Miraflores Power Station Swing Bridge Miraflores Locks June 3, 1942 The Nao Victoria Cocoli Southern Exit Bridge of the Americas Pacific Side Awesome in Daylight Beautiful at Night What Is It? Ideas The Panama Canal A Challenge Met A World Changed Dr. Kenneth Stein .