Marine Transportation-Markings Database: Marine
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TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: MARINE TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS DATABASE: MARINE Part Ii, Second Editiol1 Volume III, Additional Studies Transportation-Markings: A Study in Communication Monograph Series Brian Clearman MOl111t Angel Abbey 2007 Dedicated to my Grandparents: TABLE OF CONTENTS Catherine Abbie Brady Sauers, 1878-1919 Frederick William Sauers, 1869-1944 PREFACE 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13 Annie Donaldson Clearman, 1879-1966 Frederick William Des Coudres Clearman, 1871-1968 CHAPTER ONE FLOATING AIDS I ,I A Indexes 1 Categories 15 Copyright (c) Mount Angel Abbey, 2007 2 Alphabetical 28 All Rights Reserved B Buoy Physical Forms 1 Overarching Terms a) Basic Overarching Terms 42 b) Other Overarching Terms 44 46 Library ofCongress Cataloguing in Publication Data [1st ed] c) Overarching Terms: Marine Aids to Navigation Mode 49 Clearman, Brian 2 Lighted Buoys 3 Can & Cone Buoys 53 Database oftransportation-marking phenomena: additional studies 4 Spar Buoys 56 !Brian Clearman. 5 Barrel & Cask Buoys 57 p. em. -- (Transportation-'markings: v. 3 = pt. 1) 6 Single Forms ofa Unitary Nature: Past & Present 58 "Monograph series." 7 Sound Buoys 60 Includes indexes. 8 Combination Buoys 64 Contents: i. Marine -- ii. TCD -- iii. Rail -- iv. Aero 9 Other Buoy Physical Forms 1. Transportation-markings--Databases. I. Title. II. Series: a) Materials of Construction Subforms 67 Clearman, Brian. b) Special Names Referring to Physical Structure 67 Transportation-Markings: v. 3. c) Other Subforms 68 TA 1245. C56 1984 vol. 3. C Buoy Morphological Forms 629.04'5 a 1 Location Forms 71 [629.04'5]--DC21 a) Approach Buoys 71 97-25496 b) Channel Edge Buoys 72 c) Channel Limits Buoys 72 CIP 2 Message Forms 74 4 5 1 General Overarching Terms 119 3 Hazard Buoys 75 2 Overarching Terms for Major Lights 119 4 Indirect Navigation Buoy Forms 3 Overarching Terms for Minor Lights 128 a) Station Buoys 77 C Major Light Terms b) Towing Buoys 78 c) Anchor, Anchorage & Moorage Buoys 78 1 Subdivisions 130 5 Special Purpose Buoys 80 2 Individual Forms 134 6 Miscellaneous Buoys 80 D Minor Light Forms D Adjuncts Terms: Systems, Marks, & Special Classifications 1 Minor Lights-Single Forms 1 Systems 81 a) Narrower Forms 140 a) General Terms 82 b) Wider Fonns 143 b) Cardinal and Lateral Forms 83 2 Multiple-Member Forms 144 c) Older Systems: Red to Starboard Systems 84 3 Other Forms: Enclosed/Composite/Single Structures 146 d) Other Older Systems 85 E Morphological & Adjunct Terms e) League ofNations Fonns 86 1 Major Lights 149 f) IALA System Forms 86 2 Minor Lights 152 2 Marks 87 3 Character ofOperation Forms 3 Special Classification Forms 88 a) Form ofOperations 155 a) Bodies ofWater & Buoy Name 89 b) Form ofNature ofLight Operation 155 b) Classes ofBuoy Names 89 4 Miscellaney 157 E Major Floating Aids F The Physical Light in the Form ofLight Energy Emission 1 Overarching Terms 91 Configurations: Light Phase Characteristics 158 2 Lightships & Light Vessels 91 1 General Characteristics ofLights & Light Generating a) General Comments 91 Apparatus 160 b) Lightships & Light Vessels 92 2 Specific Light Phase Characteristics c) Human-related Terms: Operations ofLightships & a) Fixed Light/Fixed 162 Light Vessels 93 b) Fixed & Flashing Light/Fixed & Flashing 163 3 Light Floats 94 c) Flashing/Flashing Light 163 4 Large Navigation Buoy 94 d) Isophase Characteristics 166 e) Occulting/Occulting Lights 167 CHAPTER TWO FIXED LIGHTS f) Quick, Very Quick, & Ultra Quick Characteristics I. Quick Section 168 A Indexes II. Very Quick Section 170 1 Categories 97 III. Ultra Quick Section 171 2 Alphabetical 106 g) Alternating Forms 172 B Overarching Terms 119 7 6 I. CHAPTER THREE DAYBEACONS 2 Diaphone Fog Signals 235 3 Diaphragm Horns A Indexes a) Overarching Terms 236 1 Categories 173 b) Diaphragm Signals - Compressed Air 237 2 Alphabetical 178 c) Diaphragm Fog Signals - Oscillator 239 B Overarching Terms & Special Topics 4 Reeds 243 1 Overarching Terms 5 Sirens 245 a) General Comments & Basic Terms 183 6 Percussion Signals 250 b) Overarching Terms: Shared & Foreign Languages 186 a) Bells 250 2 Special Topics: Topmarks & Daymark Forms b) Gong, Combination and Miscellaneous Forms 253 a) General Comments 187 7 Whistles 254 b) Topmarks 188 8 Explosive Signals 257 c) Daymarks 189 9 Submarine Signals 261 3 Special Topics: Morphological Daybeacons 10 Miscellaneous Signals 264 a) Leading/Range Marks 191 b) Signals 192 CHAPTER FIVE RADIO AIDS c) Other Forms 192 C Physical Daybeacons A Indexes 1 Undimensional Daybeacons 1 Categories 255 a) Established Names 194 2 Alphabetical 272 b) Local Name Group 197 B Overarching Terms 281 2 Structural Daybeacon Forms C Radiobeacons a) General Comments 201 1 Overarching Terms 284 b) Structural Daybeacons Employing Parent Name 202 2 Radiobeacon Main Forms c) Structural Daybeacons with Established Names 203 a) Directional Forms 286 d) Structural Daybeacons with Local/Descriptive Names 204 b) Non-Directional Forms 287 3 Natural Marks 209 c) Rotating Forms 288 d) Composite Forms 288 CHAPTER FOUR FOG SIGNALS 3 Other Forms ofthe Radiobeacons 288 4 Character of Operation Forms 290 A Indexes D Hyperbolic Forms 1 Categories 212 1 Overarching Terms 291 2 Alphabetical 219 2 Decca Aids 292 B Fog Signal Types 3 Loran Aids 294 1 Overarching Terms 228 4 Hyperbolic Systems-Single & Near-Single Forms 298 8 9 .. ~ - -_._,------- 5 Partially Hyperbolic Aids a) Consol 299 PREFACE b) Raydist Aids 300 E Radar, Satellite, Sound-Radio & Miscellaneous Aids Part I, Transportation-Markings Database, draws together the various dimensions 1 Radar Reflector Aids ofTransportation-Markings. It shares this drawing-together function with Part H, a) Overarching Terms & Corner Reflectors 302 T-M General Classification. But -- perhaps paradoxically -- it draws together by b) Radar Reflectors: Other Forms 303 focussing on the individual entity: each Transportation-Marking. The Database 2 Secondary & Primary Radar Forms demonstrates the unity and commonality ofthe Markings but presents each one in a) Overarching & Primary Forms 304 its separate state. Yet in that process the full panopoly ofTransportation-Markings b) Shoran Forms 305 is unfolded including their connected state. c) Transponder Beacons 306 3 Satellite Navigation Aids There are thousands ofTransportation-Markings. In addition there are many a) Overarching & Other Terms 308 variant forms, alternative names, untold permutations. The sheer number offorms b) Global Posit~oning Systems 309 may obscure the common thread ofT-M that interweaves the multiplicity. Yet c) Navy Transit Satellite Navigation Systems 310 ultimately the multiplicity leads to the basic unity ofsafety aids ofwhatever d) Other Satellite Systems 311 kinds. The variety and diversity points to a restricted system ofmessages serving 4 Other Forms one essential purpose: the promotion ofsafety. The perpetual conundrum ofthe a) SoundlRadio Aids 313 one and the many is found here in T-M. And the one and the many interact and b) Miscellaneous Forms 314 explain each other. BIBLIOGRAPHY The T-M Database examines the four modes ofrail, road, aero, and marine T-M Books, Letters & Periodicals 315 forms in separate studies though all ofthe studies remain integral units ofPart 1. Government Publications 320 The amount ofwork required to prepare the study precludes assembling all four Trade Literature 324 modes ofT-M in a single monograph. The first edition ofthe marine study was published in 1997. There has been some confusion over the meaning ofTransportation-Markings. Some users have interpreted the term as constituting a synonym for Pavement Markings. This is not the case. T-M is a general, overarching term for all types of T-M forms. This perspective is reflected by the Library of Congress which employs T-M as a general heading in its Subject Headings. The Library of 10 Congress includes various specific kinds ofT-M under that heading including pavement markings. In order to reduce confusion over the meaning ofT-M a hyphen has been added to the words Transportation and Markings thereby created a conjoined term. This results, hopefully, in an image ofT-M as a single and unified concept thereby reducing misunderstanding over the meaning ofthe term, 11 and especially ofmistaking T-M with one ofits constituent elements. The classification and database entries would be feasible. However the first edition of conjoined tenn encompasses all communication fonns for safety external to the marine segment uncovered serious problems: The classification focusses on transportation vehicles. officially used entries and the classification draws together the entries. While the Database focusses on individual entries ofmany fonns: official tenns, past tenns, Frederick Crewes in his Random House Handbook (1977) notes that new variant and peripheral fonns. As a result, employing the classification as a frame compound nouns are often hyphenated. Such a practice signals to users that the work did not work well. Use ofthe classification after the marine study was resulting tenn is a unit not two independent words existing side by side which can discontinued. However, it now appears possible to make use ofthe classification be split apart without significant results. Developed compound nouns may retain though in a more limited manner. Instead ofa precise classifying ofentries a more the hyphen, may become a single non-hyphenated word or exist side by side modest batching ofrelated tenns under headings ofmajor categories ofthe without the hyphen without losing its essential character. Transportation classification has been considered for this edition. However, reworking ofthe Markings will probably require the hyphen in a pennanent state. Regretably, only classification in the study requires further work. Nonetheless, general tenns with after a dozen years did it become apparent how much confusion the tenn classification designations can be viewed as encompassing diverse terms which Transportation Marking could generate and especially without the hyphen. allows many terms to be placed within the classification schema though in a more Hopefully, a clearer, more emphatic Transportation-Markings can result. restricted manner.