JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm



Index

Note: Page number followed by f and t indicates figure and table only.

A pharmacogenetics of, 1334–1335, acid-base metabolism abamectin, 1102, 1103f 1335f anesthetics and, 588–589 Abbreviated New Animal Drug pH-dependent, 11 in cattle, 588 Applications (ANADAs), 1407, respiratory, 20–21 disorders of, 573–577 1409, 1420 aerosols and particulates, 21 characteristics of, 574t ABCG2 (drug transporter), 1337 vapors and gases, 20–21 metabolic acidosis, 574–576, 575f, ABON algorithm, 1453 rifampin, 932 578t abortion sulfonamides, 800 metabolic alkalosis, 576 prostaglandins analogs for, 681 systemic, 22 mixed disturbances, 577, 578t reproductive hormonal drugs for, tetracyclines, 860–861, 861t respiratory acidosis, 576–577, 686–687 topical and percutaneous, 17–20 576t, 578t absorption and clearance processes dermis and appendages, 18 respiratory alkalosis, 577, 577t (AME), 48 drug delivery system and fluid therapy and, 578–580 absorption, distribution, metabolism, definition of dose, 18–19 in horses, 588 and elimination (ADME factors modulating, 19–20 principles of, 569–573 processes), 8, 9f, 48, 90 mechanisms in skin, 17–18, 18f anion gap, 571–572 absorption, drug pathways for, 19 disturbance assessments, 571 aminoglycosides, 882 stratum corneum barrier, 18 homeostasis, 569–570 benzimidazoles, 1037–1038, 1038f variations in species and body hydrogen ion, carbon dioxide, and bioavailability region, 19 bicarbonate regulation, absolute systemic availability, 22 absorption spectroscopy detection 570–571, 570t, 571f relative systemic availability, 22 methods, 1442 nontraditional analysis, 572–573, cephalosporins, 842 acarbose, 770–771 573t chloramphenicol, 904–905 acceptable daily intake (ADI), 1359, acid citrate dextrose (ACD), 629 clindamycin, 928–929 1470 acidosis florfenicol, 909 acepromazine, 179, 325, 328, 1245, metabolic, 574–576, 575f fluoroquinolones, 965–966 COPYRIGHTED1246t MATERIALrespiratory, 576–577, 576t gastrointestinal, 12–17 acepromazine maleate, 326, 327f ACTH. see adrenocorticotropic disintegration, dissolution, and acetaminophen, 481 hormone diffusion, 14–15 acetylcholine (ACh), 151, 174, 194, actinomycin D, 1206, 1207f enterohepatic recycling, 15–16 422, 1181 activated partial thromboplastin time first-pass metabolism, 16–17 muscarinic and nicotinic effects of, (aPTT), 628 formulation factors, 17 156f active pharmaceutical ingredient species effects, 16 pharmacological mechanisms and (API), 87–88, 88f, 1431 lincomycin, 926 effects, 154–155 chemical properties of lipophilic compounds, 9–10 target organ effects of, 155 apparent solubility, 93 macrolide antibiotics, 918–920 acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 174, 196, buffer composition, 94 penicillins, 830, 833 1181 common ion effect, 94 peritoneal, 22 acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), 174 geometrical configuration, 93 pharmaceutical factors affecting, 17t acetylcysteine, 1315 ionic strength of a solution, 94

Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tenth Edition. Edited by Jim E. Riviere and Mark G. Papich. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/riviere/pharmacology JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) melting point, 91–92 selectivity and tissue distribution, (Continued) particle geometry, 89–90 134–137 optic rotation, 93 partition coefficients, 91 types and subtypes, 133t permeability, 95 rheology, 92 adrenocorticotropic hormone pH of solvent, 94 product quality control, 107 (ACTH), 561, 651–655, 654t, saturation concentration, 93 Activyl Tick Plus, 1179 662t solubility, 93–95 acute renal failure (ARF), mannitol in, biosynthesis of, 651–652, 652f stability, 92 604–605 dosage protocols for, 654t stereochemistry, 93 acyclovir, 1010–1012 function of, 653–654 temperature effects, 95 adverse effects, 1012 negative-feedback systems, 653 dosage form considerations, 99–105 clinical use, 1011–1012 preparations of, 654 biomass products, 103–104 pharmacokinetics, 1011 secretion regulation of, 653 bolus, 102 spectrum of activity, 1011 stimulation test, 654–655, 747 capsules, 103 ADAA. see Animal Drug Availability structure of, 652–653, 652f chewable tablets, 102–103 Act adrenolytic drugs, 751–755 common veterinary forms, 99f ADE. see adverse drug experience hyperadrenocorticism treatment considerations when formulating, adefovir. see PMEA with, 751–752 100f adenine dinucleotides, 177 ketoconazole, 754 controlled internal drug release adenosine, 177 L-deprenyl, 754–755 system (CIDR), 104 adenosine diphosphate, 627 mitotane, 752–753 cream, 101 ADE reports, 1424–1425. see also structures of, 752f delayed release, 101–102 adverse drug experience (ADE) trilostane, 753 emulsions, 100 aditoprim, pharmacokinetics of, 804t adriamycin. see doxorubicin extended release (ER) tablets, 101 adrenal insufficiency, in foals, 655 adverse drug experience (ADE), 1449 gels, 101 adrenal reserve testing, definition of, 1449 granules, 103 glucocorticoids, 747 reporting of, 1449–1453, 1450f immediate release (IR) tablets, 101 adrenal steroidogenesis, 730f animal devices, 1450–1451 implants, 102 adrenal steroidogenic enzymes, 730t approved versus unapproved liquid suspension, 99–100 adrenergic agonists, classification of, drugs, 1450 lotions, 101 131, 132f, 133t medication errors, 1451–1452 medicated feed, 103 adrenergic receptors, 123–126, pesticide products/vaccines, 1453 modified release (MR) tablets, 101 132–134 pet food adverse event and ointment, 101 agonists, clinical applications of, product problem reporting, 1452 parenteral products, 104–105 137–142 product defect, 1451 pastes, 101 beta-adrenergic receptor (βAA), AeroHippus® mask, 1313 powders, 103 141 Aeromonas salmonicida, 1380–1381, solutions, 99 blood pressure regulation and, 1382t, 1383t–1384t suspoemulsion (SE), 101 138–139 affinity, of drugs, 69–70, 69f, 70f tablets, 101 in food production, 141–142 constant of, 69 topical products, 105 for improved respiratory effort, afoxolaner, 1174–1175 transdermal drug delivery, 105 137–138, 138f agar and broth dilution susceptibility formulation elements, 95–99 in ophthalmology, 140–141 tests, 1379 manufacturing process sedative and analgesic effects, agmatine, 177 direct compression, 106 140 airway irritation, 225 extrusion, 106 treatment of urinary aklomide, 1145, 1145f factors influencing product incontinence, 139–140 albendazole, 1036f, 1039, 1045, 1048, dissolution, 106–107 vasoconstriction, 140 1137–1138, 1137f. see also roller compaction, 106 antagonists, clinical applications of benzimidazoles slugging, 106 alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, albuterol, 1305, 1306–1307 tableting processes, 106 142–144 alcohol-based handrubs, 789 wet/dry granulation, 105–106 beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, alcohols, use of, 782–783 physical properties 144–148 alcuronium (Alloferin), 202 crystalline form, 88–89 pharmacodynamic characteristics aldehyde disinfectants, 784–785 dissociation constants/pKa, 90–91 of, 145t aletplase, 641 Log P and D, 91 and cell signaling, 132–134 alfaxalone, 174, 188, 267f JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

chemistry, 267 detomidine hydrochloride, 345f, AMDUCA. see Animal Medicinal history, 267 346–347, 346t Drug Use Clarification Act metabolism, 269 dexmedetomidine, 345f, 348, 348t American Academy of Veterinary pharmacokinetics, 268, 268t doses for sedation, 343 Pharmacology and Therapeutics physiological/pharmacodynamic drug interactions, 349 (AAVPT), 5, 1466 effects, 268 indications, 339 American Board of Anesthesiologists preparation of, 267 mechanism of action, 339 (ABA), 180 species differences, 269 medetomidine, 345f, 347, 348t American Board of Clinical Alfaxan®, 267 overdose/acute toxicity, 349 Pharmacology (ABCP), 5 alfentanil, 303 pharmacokinetics properties, 343, American College of Veterinary alfuzosin, 143 344t Anesthesiologists, 180 alkaloids, as antiprotozoan drugs, 1146 physiological effects American College of Veterinary alkalosis analgesic activity, 343 Clinical Pharmacology metabolic, 576 cardiovascular effects, 340–341 (ACVCP), 5 respiratory, 577, 577t CNS effects, 339–340 American Feed Industry Association alkeran. see melphalan equine receovery, 342 (AFIA), 1462 allele, 1333 gastrointestinal effects, 341 American Society of Pharmacology and allethrin, 1179 on glucose homeostasis, 342 Experimental Therapeutics, 4 allometric relationship, 62 musculoskeletal effects, 341 American Veterinary Medical allometric scaling, 1353–1354 neuroendocrine stress response, Association (AVMA), 1373, allometry, 62 342 1462, 1466 in zoo medicine, 1400–1401 platelet activism, 342 amicarbalide, 1157f, 1158 allyltrenbolone, 683 renal effects, 341 amikacin, 877, 888–889 alpaca, alfaxalone effects on, 269 reproductive effects, 342 once-daily dosages for, 880t alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists, respiratory effects, 341 pharmacokinetic data for, 888t, 889t 142–144 thermoregulation of body, 342 structure of, 879f adverse effects/contraindications, preparation, 339 amiloride, 611–612 353–354 ratio of drug selectivity and amines, as neurotransmitters, 174–176 atipamezole, 350, 350t imidazoline receptor activity, acetylcholine, 174 classification, 349 339t dopamine, 174–175 clinical applications of romifidine, 345f, 347, 347t histamine, 175 cardiovascular effects, 142–143 species differences, 348 5-hydroxytryptamine, 175–176 for hypertension, 143 xylazine hydrochloride, 343–346, norepinephrine and epinephrine, noncardiovascular effects, 143 345f 175 for restoration of physiological alpha-chloralose aminoacetonitrile derivatives (AADs), responses, 143 chemistry, 269–270 1069, 1071 reversal of sedative effects, 144 degree of CNS depression, 270 amino acids, as neurotransmitters, for urethral relaxation, 144 dose, 270t 172–174, 173t drug interactions, 354 drug availability, 270 GABA, 172, 174 indications, 349 history, 269 glutamate, 172 overdose/acute toxicity, 354 indication for use, 270 glycine, 172 pharmacodynamic effects mechanism of action, 270 aminoglycosides, 198, 877, 1433 cardiovascular effects, 353 physiology, 270 activity of, factors effecting CNS effects, 353 preparation, 270 cations, 880 muscular effects, 353 regulatory information, 270 cellular debris, 879–880 pharmacokinetics, 352t alphadolone, 267 other drugs, 880 in preanesthetic period, 187 alpha interferon, 1017, 1020 oxygen tension, 880 species differences, 354 alternate-day therapy, glucocorticoids, pH effect, 879 tolazoline, 351–353, 351f, 353t 746–747 amikacin, 888–889 yohimbine, 350–351, 351t altrenogest, 678t, 683 as antiprotozoan drugs, 1138–1139

alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonists alveolar partial pressure (PA)of apramycin, 890 adverse effects/contraindications, anesthetic, 219–220 dihydrostreptomycin and 349 alveolar ventilation, 220 streptomycin, 890–891 chemistry, 339 alvimopan, 1254 gentamicin, 886–888 classification, 338 amantadine, 1016–1017 kanamycin, 889–890 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

aminoglycosides (Continued) mechanism of action, 990 perception of noxious stimulus, local administration, 881–882 for ocular infections, 1328 181–183 neomycin, 890 pharmacokinetics, 991 definition of, 180 for ocular infections, 1327 spectrum of activity, 990–991 anesthetic recovery period, 188–189, paromomycin, 891 structure of, 990f 189t pharmacokinetic– amprolium, 1144, 1144f anesthetics pharmacodynamic properties, anabolic steroids, 684–685 and acid-base metabolism, 588–589 880 anabolic steroids, use of, in racing for food animals, 1369–1370 pharmacokinetics of, 882–884 horses, 1445–1446 inhalation ( see inhalation absorption, 882 ANADAs. see Abbreviated New anesthetics) distribution, 882–883 Animal Drug Applications injectable ( see injectable general, 882 analgesia anesthetics) metabolism and excretion, 883 barbiturates, 252 local ( see local anesthetics) in nonmammals, 883–884 butyrophenone and, 329 anesthetist, role of, 180 pharmacology of, 877–882 dissociative anesthetics, 262 angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), clinical uses, 880–882 etomidate, 265 65, 66, 84 general properties, 877 flumazenil and, 337 angiotensin-converting enzyme mechanism of action, 877–878 guaifenesin and, 355 inhibitors (ACEIs), 558, 615–617 spectrum of activity, 878–880 meperidine, 312–313 absorption and elimination of, 616 regulatory status, 882 morphine, 312–313 adverse effects, 518, 616–617 resistance mechanisms, 880 neurosteroid anesthetics, 268 chemistry/formulations of, 615 single daily dose administration, nitrous oxide, 224 in chronic kidney disease, 520 881 opioids, 281, 285–286 drug interactions, 520, 616–617 susceptibility testing guidelines for, phenothiazines, 326 efficacy, 518–520 881t xenon, 224 mechanisms and sites of action, tobramycin, 890 anandamide, 177 517–518, 615–616 toxicity, 884–885, 884t anemia, sulfonamides and, 806 therapeutic uses, 617 cats, 885–886 anesthesia, 180, 183 toxicity, 616–617 dogs, 885 anesthetic protocol and drug, in use, 520 horses, 886 selection of, 185, 186t angiotensin I, 558 aminopentamide, 1264, 1264t classification of, 183–185, 183t angiotensin II, 558 4-aminoquinolines, 1156 depth of, 189 effects on renal functions, 597–599 5-aminosalicylic acid, 1268, 1268f general, 184–185 angiotensin receptor antagonists, aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking immediate postanesthetic period, 615–617 agents, 199 drugs in, 188–189 angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), pancuronium, 200 local and regional, 183–184, 183t 615, 616–617 rocuronium bromide, 201 perianesthetic period, drugs in, 188, angular limb deformities in foals, vecuronium, 200–201 188t tetracyclines for, 870 aminosteroids, 199, 749 preanesthetic medication, 186 Animal and Plant Health Inspection

amiodarone, 549–550 α2-adrenergic drugs, 187 Service, 1408 amitraz, 1182–1183 dissociative drugs, 187 Animal Drug Availability Act (ADAA), efficacy, 1182 drug classes for, 186t 1410–1411 safety/toxicity, 1182–1183 drug combinations, 187 Animal Drug User Fee Act (ADUFA), amitriptyline, 176, 430 goals for, 186t 1361 amnestic effects of inhaled anesthetics, hypnotic-sedatives, 187 Animal Health Institute (AHI) website, 223 opioids, 187 1412 amoxicillin–clavulanate, 837 parasympatholytic Animal Medicinal Drug Use amoxicillin, in aquatic animals, 1386 (anticholinergic) drugs, 187–188 Clarification Act (AMDUCA), amphibian, drugs for, 1396 tranquilizer-sedatives, 186–187 41, 882, 1185, 1346–1348, 1358, amphotericin B, 990–993 response to, evaluation of, 189–191, 1373, 1395, 1410, 1472 adverse effects, 991, 993 190f anion gap (AG), 571–572 clinical use, 991 route of administration, 183t Anoplocephala perfoliata infections, combination therapy with, 990 anesthesiology 1081 dosing protocols for, 992t anesthetic use, 181t ANP. see atrial natriuretic peptide formulations of, 990 immobility, 183 antacids, 1255–1256 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

adverse effects, 1255 bromide, 409–411 mefenoxam, 1009–1010 dose recommendations, 1255–1256 clonazepam, 404 miconazole, 1009 formulations, 1255 clorazepate, 404–405 natamycin, 1010 anterior uveitis, 1232 diazepam, 402–404 nystatin, 1010 anthelmintics, 1369 felbamate, 405 antihistamines, 1246, 1246t anthraquinone, 1270 gabapentin, 405–406 chemistry, 456–457 antiandrogens, 678t imepitoin, 401–402 development, 456

antiarrhythmic agents levetiracetam, 407–408 H1 receptor antagonists, 456, 457t amiodarone, 549–550 midazolam, 404 H2 receptor antagonists, 460 atenolol, 546 phenobarbital, 395–399 pharmacological effects, 457 beta-blockers, 545 phenytoin, 400–401 side effects and interactions, calcium channel blocking drugs, 545 pregabalin, 406–407 459–460 classification, 542–543, 542t–543t primidone, 399–400 therapeutic uses, 457–459 digoxin, 544–545 used in veterinary medicine, 396t therapeutic uses of, 459 esmolol, 546 valproic acid, 401 antiinflammatories use, in food heart rhythmicity zonisamide, 408–409 animal, 1365–1368, 1366t arrhythmogenic mechanism antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 558, 600, antiinflammatory and antiallergic classification, 540–542, 665–667 therapy, glucocorticoids, 745 540f–541f absorption, metabolism, and antimetabolites, 1206–1210 cardiac cell electrophysiologic excretion of, 665 cytosine arabinoside, 1207–1208, properties, 537–540, 538f–539f for diagnosis of diabetes insipidus, 1208f isoproterenol, 544 666 5-fluorouracil, 1209–1210, 1209f lidocaine, 548–549 mechanism of action, 665, 666t gemcitabine, 1208–1209, 1209f mexiletine, 549 preparation of, 665 methotrexate, 1206–1207, 1207f, procainamide, 547 stimulus for release, 665 1208f propantheline bromide, 543–544 structure of, 665 antimicrobials, for diarrhea, 1264t, quinidine, 547–548 therapeutic uses, 666–667 1265–1267 sotalol, 546, 550 toxicity of, 667 antimicrobial susceptibility testing antibacterial agents, for ocular antiemetic drugs, 1245–1250, 1246t (AST), 1378, 1379 infections, 1326–1328 antihistamines, 1246 antimicrotubule agents, 1210–1211 antibiotic-impregnated antimuscarinic drugs, 1245–1246 vinca alkaloids, 1210–1211, 1210f polymethylmethacrylate cannabinoids, 1247–1248 antimuscarinic drugs, 1245–1246, (AIPMMA), 881 glucocorticoids, 1247 1246t antibiotic-responsive enteropathy, metoclopramide, 1247 antinematodal drugs, 1035 1265 mirtazapine, 1249–1250 benzimidazoles and antibiotic use, in food animals, NK-1 receptor antagonists, pro-benzimidazoles, 1035–1054 1361–1365, 1362t–1363t 1248–1249 administration routes, 1050 anticestodal drugs, 1081 phenothiazine tranquilizers, 1245 anthelmintic spectrum, bunamidine, 1081–1082, 1082f serotonin antagonists, 1247 1047–1049 epsiprantel, 1085, 1085f antiepileptic potassium bromide, 702 chemistry of, 1035–1037, 1036f niclosamide, 1082, 1082f antifibrinolytic drugs, 641–642 disposition kinetics and efficacy praziquantel, 1082–1085, 1082f antifungal drugs, 988 of, 1050–1053 anticholinergics, 188, 1310 amphotericin B, 990–993 drug transfer into target parasites, adverse effects, 1310 azole, 993–1006 1046–1047 for diarrhea, 1263–1264, 1264t drug–drug interactions, 995t formulations of, 1050, 1053 in horses, 1310 flucytosine, 1008 pharmacodynamics, 1037 for inflammatory bowel diseases, griseofulvin, 988–990 pharmacokinetics, 1037–1046 1268 lufenuron, 1007–1008 structures of, 1035, 1036f anticoagulants for ocular infections, 1328 withdrawal times, safety, and for blood and blood component sites of action, 989f toxicity, 1053–1054 transfusions, 629 sodium or potassium iodide, 1008 drug combinations, use of, natural, in hemostasis, 628 terbinafine, 1006–1007 1067–1069 new drugs, 636t topical heartworm adulticides, 1064 anticoccidials, 1365, 1366t clotrimazole, 1009 heterocyclic compounds, anticonvulsant drugs enilconazole, 1008–1009 1062–1064 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

antinematodal drugs (Continued) lincosamides, 1155, 1155f ideal, 782 diethylcarbamazine, 1063–1064, clindamycin, 1155–1156, 1155f oxidizing agents as, 785 1063f nicarbazin, 1145–1146, 1145f phenol as, 785–786 phenothizaine, 1062 nitrobenzamides, 1144–1145, 1145f resistance to, 788–789 piperazine, 1062–1063, 1063f aklomide, 1145, 1145f use of, examples of, 782, 789 imidazothiazoles, 1054–1058 dinitolmide, 1145, 1145f open wounds, treatment of, 790 novel drugs, 1069–1072 nitrofurans, 1139 presurgical skin cleansers, 789 organophosphate compounds, nifurtimox, 1139–1140, 1140f antithrombin, 628 1061–1062 nitroimidazoles, 1128, 1134f antithyroid drugs, 715–719, 715f, 716t resistance to, 1065–1067 benznidazole, 1135 carbimazole, 718 tetrahydropyrimidines, 1058–1061 metronidazole, 1128, 1131, goitrogens, 715 antinuclear antibodies (ANA), 717 1133–1134 methimazole, 715, 716–718, 716t antiplatelet drugs, 638–640 ronidazole, 1135 propylthiouracil, 716, 716t aspirin, 638–639 secnidazole, 1135 thioureylenes, 715–719, 715f clopidogrel, 639–640 tinidazole, 1134–1135 antitrematodal drugs, 1085–1087, ticlopidine, 640 nitrothiazole derivatives, 1159 1087t antiprostaglandins, 178 nitazoxanide, 1159 benzenesulfonamides, 1087 antiprotozoan drugs, 1128, pentavalent antimonials, clorsulon, 1092–1093 1129t–1131t 1135–1136, 1136f benzimidazoles, 1087, 1093 alkaloids, 1146 meglumine antimonate, 1136 triclabendazole, 1093–1097 halofuginone, 1146, 1146f sodium stibogluconate, 1136, nitrophenolic compounds, 1087 aminoglycosides, 1138 1136f nitroxynil, 1087–1088, 1087f paromomycin, 1138–1139, polyether ionophores, 1146–1147, phenoxyalkanes, 1087 1138f 1147f diamphenetide, 1097–1098 4-aminoquinolines, 1156 lasalocid, 1147–1148, 1147f salicylanilides, 1087, 1088 chloroquine, 1156 maduramicin, 1147f, 1148 closantel, 1088–1091 arsenicals, 1137 monensin, 1147f, 1148 oxyclozanide, 1091 azalides, 1156 narasin, 1147f, 1148 rafoxanide, 1091 azithromycin, 1156 salinomycin, 1149 antitumor antibiotics, 1204–1206 benzimidazoles, 1137, 1137f semduramicin, 1147f, 1148–1149 actinomycin D, 1206, 1207f albendazole, 1137–1138 pyridinols, 1143 doxorubicin, 1204–1205, 1204f febantel, 1138 clopidol, 1143, 1143f mitoxantrone, 1205–1206, 1206f fenbendazole, 1138 sulfonamides, 1151, 1152f antitussive drugs, 1302 for coccidiosis, 1132t–1133t tetracyclines, 1140 butorphanol, 1303 diamidine derivatives, 1157, 1157f thiamine analogues, 1144 codeine, 1302–1303 amicarbalide, 1158 amprolium, 1144, 1144f cough reflex, 1302 diminazene diaceturate, triazine derivatives, 1149, 1149f dextromethorphan, 1303 1157–1158 diclazuril, 1149–1150, 1149f hydrocodone, 1303 imidocarb diproprionate, ponazuril, 1150–1151 mechanism of action of, 1302 1158–1159 toltrazuril, 1149f, 1150 morphine, 1302 pentamidine isethionate, 1158 antipseudomonas penicillins, 835–836 tramadol, 1304 phenamidine isethionate, 1158 antiseptics, 781 antiviral therapy, 1010 dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate alcohols as, 782–783 acyclovir and valacyclovir, synthase inhibitors, 1152, 1153f biguanides as, 784 1010–1012 ormetoprim, 1153f, 1154 definition of, 782 amantadine and rimantadine, pyrimethamine, 1153f, 1154–1155 and disinfectants, 781 1016–1017 trimethoprim, 1152–1154, 1153f factors affecting efficacy of, 786 and antibacterial therapy, difference guanidine derivatives, 1143 biofilms, 788 between, 1010 robenidine, 1143–1144, 1143f concentration, 786 cidofovir, ganciclovir, and hydroxyquinolones and contamination, 787 valganciclovir, 1013 naphthoquinones, 1141, 1141f exposure time, 787 cytarabine and vidarabine, 1014 atovaquone, 1141f, 1142–1143 organism types, 787 idoxuridine and trifluridine, buparvaquone, 1141f, 1143 pH, 787 1013–1014 decoquinate, 1141–1142, 1141f temperature, 787 interferon, 1017–1020 parvaquone, 1141f, 1143 halogens as, 783–784 L-lysine, 1020 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

for ocular infections, 1328–1329 Archiv fur¨ experimentelle Pathologie enzyme choline acetyltransferase oseltamivir, 1015–1016 und Pharmakologie, 4 (ChAT) synthesis, 122 penciclovir and famciclovir, arecoline, 157, 1081 exocytic process of, 125 1012–1013 argon, 389 postganglionic sympathetic ribavirin, 1014 arsenicals, 1137 nervous system, site of, 126f

zidovudine, PMEA, and lamivudine, arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) synaptic, 125 1014–1015 effects of volatile inhalation vesicle synthesis, 122 Anypril, 751 anesthetics, 224, 225f physiology of function and API. see active pharmaceutical in spontaneously breathing, 225f regulation ingredient (API) arthritis, tetracyclines for, 870 neurotransmitter synthesis, apixaban, 636–637, 636t Ascaris suum, 1046 storage, release, and apomorphine, 304 aspirin, 11, 471f, 638–639 inactivation, 122–126 apomorphine hydrochloride, 304 for food animal, 1365 peripheral nerve activity and apoptosis, 1194 Association of Racing Commissioner’s transmission of action appendages of the skin, 18 International (ARCI), 1440 potentials, 122 apramycin, 890 astrocytes, 178 receptor types, typical anatomical aprepitant, 1248 asymmetric mixed-onium locations, and their primary aprotinin, 642 chlorofumarates, 201 mechanisms of action, 124t aquaretics, 614–615 atenolol, 145–146, 147, 546 autonomic receptors, 126–129 aquatic animals, antimicrobial for use atipamezole, 144, 350, 350t, 351f, 354 adrenergic receptors, 128–129 in, 1373 atopic dermatitis, 1294–1297 cholinergic receptors, 127–128, 151 administration routes in fish, 1375 cyclosporine for, 1229 G protein-coupled receptors antimicrobial dosages, atovaquone, 1141f, 1142–1143 (GPCRs), 128, 151 1376t–1377t ATP-binding cassette (ABC) muscarinic receptors, 128, 151 dipping treatments, 1378 transporters, 179, 1105, 1196 nicotinic receptors, 127–128, 151 immersion baths, 1377–1378 atracurium, 196, 197, 199–200 autoreceptors, 171 injections, 1377 characteristics of, 199t avermectins, 1102, 1103f, 1109, 1175. oral treatment, 1378 atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), 561 see also macrocyclic lactones antimicrobials prohibited from Atropa belladonna, 159 (MLs) extralabel use, 1375 atropine, 159–160, 174, 1263–1264, avian influenza, 791–792 beta-lactams, 1386 1264t avian medicine, 1397 clinical approaches, 1378–1381 as bronchodilator, 1310 AVMA. see American Veterinary antimicrobial susceptibility in preanesthetic period, 187 Medical Association testing and interpretive criteria, aurothioglucose, 1238–1239. see also azalides, 1156 1379–1381, 1380t gold therapy azaperone, 329f salinity effects, 1381 automaticity, with cardiac glycosides adverse effects/contraindications, temperature effects, 1381 and digitalis, 507–508 330 timing of treatment, 1381 autonomic ganglionic blocking drugs, analgesic activity, 329 ELU in food-producing animal, 1375 162, 162t cardiovascular effects, 329 florfenicol, 1385, 1388–1389 autonomic nervous system (ANS), 113, CNS effects, 329 general conditions for ELU, 1375 114f dose, 330t legal considerations, 1373 anatomy of, 119–121 drug interactions, 330 valid veterinarian–client–patient enteric nervous system, 121 dysphoric effects, 330 relationship (VCPR), 1373, 1375 nonadrenergic–noncholinergic indications, 329 oxytetracycline, 1381, 1384, neurons, 121 musculoskeletal effects, 329 1386–1397 parasympathetic nervous system overdose/acute toxicity, 330 pharmacokinetics of, 1386–1389 (PSNS), 120–121 paraphimosis and, 330 in poikilothermic food species, sympathetic nervous system preparation, 330 1374t (SNS), 119–120 regulatory information, 330 quinolones, 1385–1386 neurohumoral transmission respiratory effects, 329 sulfadimethoxine–ormetoprim, ACh synthesis, 122–123 thermoregulation effects, 330 1384–1385, 1387–1388 adrenergic, 123–126, 132–134 veterinary approved products, aqueous humor (AH), 1321 catecholamine synthesis, 330 arachidonic acid (AA), 467, 471f 123–124, 125f azapirones, behavioral responses of, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), 177 cholinergic, 122–123, 123f 427 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

azathioprine, 1235–1237 phenobarbital, 248, 249f, 249t, 250 albendazole, 1036f, 1045, 1048 adverse effects, 1236 physiological effects anthelmintic spectrum, 1047–1049 clinical use, 1236 arterial pressure changes, 251 as antiprotozoan drugs, 1137–1138, for inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular effects, 251 1137f 1269 CNS effects, 251 albendazole, 1137–1138 mechanism of action, 1235 dose-dependent effects, 251 febantel, 1138 metabolism of, 1235, 1235f on gastrointestinal tract, 252 fenbendazole, 1138 toxicity, 1236–1237 on kidney, 252 chemistry of, 1035–1037, 1036f azithromycin, 912t, 924–925, 1156 muscular effects, 252 disposition kinetics and efficacy of, chemical structures of, 914f respiratory effects, 251–252 1050–1053 clinical use of, 925 in preanesthetic period, 187 GI transit time and, 1051, 1052f pharmacokinetics of, 917t preparation of, 248 nutritional status and parasite safety of, 925 on reticular activating system (RAS), infection and, 1051, 1053 azole antifungal drugs, 993–1006, 249 ruminant esophageal groove 993f, 993t species differences, 254–255 closure and, 1050–1051 drug–drug interactions, 994, 995t thiamylal (Surital), 250 types of diets and, 1051 fluconazole, 997–998 thiopental, 248, 249–250, 249f, 249t distribution to parasite location, imidazoles, 993 tolerance level of, 253 1042–1044, 1043f, 1044f itraconazole, 998, 1000–1003 basal metabolic rate (BMR), 62 drug transfer into target parasites, ketoconazole, 994, 996–997 base excess (BE), 571 1046–1047 mechanism of action, 993–994 behavior drugs fenbendazole, 1036f, 1048–1049 for ocular infections, 1328 drug classes flubendazole, 1036f, 1049 physicochemical properties and in alpha-2-agonists, 438 formulations of, 1050, 1053 vitro activity of, 993t anticonvulsant drugs, 436–437 GI tract, reductive metabolism in, posaconazole, 1005–1006 antidepressants, 428–436 1042 triazoles, 993 antipsychotics, 422–423 hepatic and extrahepatic oxidative voriconazole, 1003–1005 anxiolytics, 423–427 metabolism, 1039–1042, 1040f, AZT. see zidovudine beta-blockers, 438 1041f hormonal therapy, 437–438 mebendazole, 1036f, 1049 B nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, oxfendazole, 1036f, 1049 babesiosis, drugs for, 1129t 427–428 oxibendazole, 1049 bacampicillin, 835 nutraceuticals, 439 pharmacodynamics, 1037 bacitracin, 930 opiates, 437 pharmacokinetics balanced anesthesia, 184 selective serotonin reuptake in nonruminant species, barbiturate acid, 248, 249f inhibitors (SSRIs), 431–436 1044–1046 barbiturates, 248–255, 249f, 390 tramadol, 438–439 in ruminant species, 1037–1044, adverse effects/contraindications, drug combinations, 439 1038f 253 neurotransmitters, 419–422 ricobendazole, 1048 analgesic effects of, 252 acetylcholine (ACh), 422 structures of, 1035, 1036f chemical structure of, 248 dopamine, 421 thiabendazole, 1048 chemistry, 248 gamma amino butyric acid withdrawal times, safety, and classification, 248, 249t (GABA), 422 toxicity, 1053–1054 CNS depressant effects, 248 norepinephrine (NE), 421 benznidazole, 1135 dose, 253–254, 254t serotonin, 421 benzocaine, 384 drug interactions, 255 pharmacokinetics of, 416–419, 418t gel, 392, 393 duration of action, 254 treatment success with, 440 hydrochloride, 392 history, 248 Beitrage¨ zur Arzneimittellehre,¨ 4 benzodiazepine antagonists indications, 249 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) classification, 336 mechanism of, 248–249 reproductive hormonal drugs for, flumazenil, 337–338 metabolism, 253 687 history, 336 methohexital, 248, 249f, 249t, treatment options for, 685f benzodiazepines (BZDs) 250–251 benzathine penicillin G, 834 adverse effects/contraindications, overdosage/acute toxicity, 255 benzimidazoles, 1035–1054, 1066, 336 pentobarbital, 248, 249f, 249t 1087, 1093–1097 behavioral responses of, 423–425, pharmacokinetics of, 252–253 administration routes, 1050 424f JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

cerebral uptake of, 335–336 mechanism of action of, 826–827 pyrimethamine for, 1154 chemistry, 331 microbial resistance to, 827 voriconazole in, 1005 classification, 331 β-lactamases, 827–828 bismuth subsalicylate, 1263 drug interactions, 336 binding sites, reduced access to, the bispectral index (BIS), 191 history, 330 828 bleeding disorders, cephalosporins indications, 331 penicillins and, –848 mechanism of action, 331 adverse effects, 836 bleomycin, 1213 metabolism of, 336 aminopenicillins, 834–835 blood–brain barrier (BBB), 178–180, overdose/acute toxicity, 336 antimicrobial activity, 829–830 179f pharmacodynamic effects antistaphylococcal, 835 blood coagulation factors, 627t cardiovascular effects, 331 β-lactamase inhibitors, 836–838 blood/gas solubility of anesthetics, 219 CNS effects, 331 extended-spectrum, 835–836 blood pressure, 113, 116f musculoskeletal effects, 331–332 general pharmacology, 828–829 adrenergic receptor agonists and, respiratory effects, 331 natural, 834 135–137 pharmacokinetics in various species, pharmacokinetics, 830, 833–834 adrenergic receptor antagonists and, 333t, 424 special species considerations, 142–143 safety margin of, 424–425 836 antagonism of β-adrenergic sedation by, 187 pharmacokinetic– receptors, 145 benzylisoquinoliniums, 199–200 pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) with cardiac glycosides and digitalis, atracurium, 199–200 properties, 827 507 doxacurium, 200 β-lactamase inhibitors, 836–838 PK/PD modeling approach and, mivacurium, 200 examples and clinical use 80 beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, clinical amoxicillin–clavulanate, 837 sympathomimetics and, 138–139 applications of new combinations, 838 blood samples, 1441 for cardiovascular regulation, 145 piperacillin–tazobactam, 838 blood substitutes, 585–588 metabolic and endocrine effects, 146 sulbactam–ampicillin, 838 hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, for obstructive pulmonary disease, ticarcillin–clavulanic acid, 838 586–588 145 mechanism of action, 837 adverse effects of, 587–588 for reducing dynamic LVOT pharmacokinetics, 837 osmolality of, 586 obstruction, 147 structure of, 837, 837f perfluorochemicals, 585–586 for reducing intraocular pressure, β-lactamases, 827–828 blood volumes, in animals, 556t 146, 148 gram-negative, 828 Blue Book, 1470 for supraventricular and ventricular staphylococcal, 828 body fluids tachyarrhythmias, 148 beta-blockers, 438, 545 anesthetics and, 588–589 β-adrenergic receptor agonists. see for glaucoma, 1323 cations and anions in, bronchodilators betamethasone, 740t, 741f concentrations of, 557t β agonists, nebulized, 1306–1307 bethanechol, 156–157, 1252 compartments, 555–556, 556t β-lactam antibiotics, 826 bethanecol, 156 composition and distribution of, in aquatic animals, 1386 beyond-use dating (BUD), 1435 555–558 binding sites for, 826 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase fluid and electrolyte distribution, carbapenems, 848–849 system (11-β-HSD), 730–731 556–558 ertapenem, 849 bile acids, 1271 units of measure, 555, 556t imipenem, 849 biliary drug elimination, 36 drug distribution and meropenem, 849 biliary drug transport, 37–38, 38t extracellular fluid, 556 cephalosporins, 838 biodegradable gels, 1460 fluid therapy and, 578–580 adverse reactions, 847–848 bioequivalence studies, 1420 intracellular fluid, 556 classification, 839–840, 839t biofilms, formations of, 788 potassium, 565–569 first-generation, 843–844 biologically effective dose (BED), disorders of balance, 566–569 fourth-generation, 847 1192 homeostasis, 565–566 general pharmacology, 838–839 biological spaces, 9 renal regulation of excretion of, mechanism of action, 840 birds 566 pharmacokinetics, 840–843, 841t fluoroquinolones for, 971 total body water, 556 second-generation, 844 herpesviral infections in, 1012 transcellular fluid, 556 special species considerations, 848 opioid effects on, 312 water, sodium, and chloride, third-generation, 844–847 propofol effect on, 258–259 558–565 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

body fluidsContinued ( ) physical–chemical properties and drug toxicity, 1197–1199 disorders of balance, 561–565 pharmacological properties of, pharmacodynamic response, 1197 homeostasis, 558–559, 559f 376t cure, 1191 renal regulation of excretion of, buprenorphine, 292, 293, 304–306, drugs for 559–561, 560f 306t, 312 alkylating agents, 1199–1200, boldenone, 685 administration of, 305 1203–1204 botulinum toxin, 171, 198 bioavailability of, 306 antimetabolites, 1206–1210 bovine leukemia virus, 1015 cardiovascular safety of, 305 antimicrotubule agents, bovine respiratory disease (BRD), 1313 dose, 306t 1210–1211 bovine serum encephalopathy (BSE), duration of pain control in animals, antitumor antibiotics, 1204–1206 96 305 bleomycin, 1213 bovine somatotropin, 1368 lipophilicity of, 305 corticosteroids, 1214 bradyarrhythmias, antiarrhythmic oral bioavailability of, 305 cyclooxygenase inhibitors, 1213 agents for, 543–544 buspirone, 427 L-asparaginase, 1212–1213 braking phenomenon, 76 butorphanol, 179, 293, 307, 312, nitrogen mustard, 1200–1202 breast cancer resistance protein 313 nitrosoureas, 1202 (BCRP), 1335 as antitussive, 307, 1303 platinum containing agents, British Pharmacopeia, 4 cardiovascular effects, 307 1211–1212 bromide, 409–411 dose, 307 rabacfosadine, 1215–1216 adverse effects, 411 onset of effects, 307 taxanes, 1211 clinical use, 410 sedative effects of, 307 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, dose, 410 butoxypolypropylene glycol, 1184 1214–1215 drug interactions, 411 butyrophenone, 328–330 immunotherapy, 1191 effect on diet, 410 adverse effects/contraindications, induction therapy, 1192 pharmacokinetics, 410 330 maintenance therapy, 1192 therapeutic monitoring, 411 chemistry, 329 neoadjuvant/primary therapy, bromosdalans, 1088 mechanism of action, 329 1192 bromosulfophtalein (BSP), 37 pharmacodynamic effects palliation, 1191 bronchodilators, 1304 analgesic activity, 329 related terminology and treatment adverse effects from, 1307 cardiovascular effects, 329 perspectives, 1191–1192 clinical use, 1304 CNS effects, 329 salvage therapy, 1192 inhalant formulations, 1306–1307 musculoskeletal effects, 329 Canine Cancer Clinic, 1191 longer-acting, 1305–1306 respiratory effects, 329 canine influenza virus (CIV), 1016 albuterol, 1305 pharmacokinetics properties, canine transmissible venereal tumor clenbuterol, 1305–1306 329–330 (CTVT), 1211 metaproterenol, 1305 butyrophenones, 187 cannabinoid receptors (CB1-2), 177 salmeterol and formoterol, BZD. see benzimidazoles cannabinoids, 1247–1248 1306 canrenone, 612, 613 terbutaline, 1305 C capsaicin, 168 mechanism of action, 1304 Caenorhabditis elegans, 74 carbachol, 156 short-acting, 1304–1305 CAIs. see carbonic anhydrase carbadox, 936 epinephrine, 1304 inhibitors carbamates, 1182 isoproterenol, 1305 calcium channel blocking drugs, carbamazepine, 667 tolerance with chronic use, 523–524, 545 carbapenem-resistant 1307 Calf Antibiotic and Sulfa Test (CAST), Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), broth dilution susceptibility testing of 1472 828 aquatic bacterial pathogens, calf diarrhea, antimicrobials for, 1266 carbapenems, 826, 827, 848–849 1379, 1380t calorigenesis, thyroid hormones and, ertapenem, 849 budesonide, 1269 705 imipenem, 849 bulk drug substances, 1431 Campylobacter enteritis, 1266 meropenem, 849 bulk flow, 11 cancer, 1191 carbaryl, 1169t bulk laxatives, 1270–1271, 1271t adjuvant therapy, 1192 carbimazole, 716t, 718 bunamidine, 1081–1082, 1082f biology, 1192–1193 carbolic acid, 785–786 buparvaquone, 1141f, 1143 cancer cell, chemotherapy of, carbomycin, 913 bupivacaine, 382–383 1194–1197 carbon dioxide, 388–389 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), muscarinic receptor antagonists, griseofulvin for, 989 601–603 160 imidocarb for, 1159 absorption and elimination, 602 neurosteroid anesthetics, 268 itraconazole for, 1002 chemistry/formulations of, 601 nitrous oxide, 232 ketamine in, 262t contraindications, 602 opioids, 287–288 levothyroxine dosages for, 712 drug interactions, 602 pentobarbital, 250 macrocyclic lactones for, 1113 for glaucoma, 1323–1324 phenothiazine, 325 maropitant in, 1249 mechanisms and sites of action physostigmine, 158 metronidazole for, 1133 extrarenal actions, 602 propofol, 256–257 mineralocorticoid receptor blockers renal mechanisms, 601–602 sevoflurane, 230 and, 521–522 therapeutic uses of, 602–603 thiopental, 251 morphine in, 295 toxicity, adverse effects, 602 management of cardiovascular oclacitinib in, 1233 carbon monoxide, 389 disease, 528 paromomycin for, 1139 carboplatin, 1212, 1212f carfentanil, 303–304 parvaquone and buparvaquone for, carboxypenicillins, 836 carprofen, 471f 1143 cardiogenic edema, furosemide for, carriers, 66 pimobendan in, 515 608–609 carvedilol, 146, 527, 546 ponazuril for, 1151 cardiorespiratory effects, of castor oil, 1271 propofol in, 258 glucocorticoids, 738–739 catechol, 131 proton pump inhibitors in, cardiovascular effects, of thyroid catecholamines, 131–132 1259–1260 hormones, 707 arrhythmogenic effects of, 226 psychotropic agents used in, 420t cardiovascular system (CVS) chemical structures of, 132f pyrimethamine for, 1154 alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists, classification of, 132f rivaroxaban for, 637 effects of, 353 cats ronidazole for, 1135 basic aspects absorption of buprenorphine, 306 streptokinase for, 641 cellular concepts, 504–505, aminoglycosides toxicity in, sulfonamides for, 1151 505f 885–886 theophylline in, 1309 intrinsic regulation, 503 amprolium for, 1144 thyroid hormone and iodide kinetics nervous system regulation, antiherpetic therapy for, 1011 in, 700t 503–504 apixaban for, 636–637 thyroxine kinetics in, 701t drugs, effects of aspirin dose for, 639 tinidazole for, 1134–1135 acetylcholine (ACh), 155 atovaquone for, 1143 tissue-type plasminogen activator adrenergic receptor agonists, azathioprine in, 1236, 1237 for, 641 135–137 azithromycin for, 1156 toltrazuril for, 1150 β-adrenergic receptor antagonists, benzodiazepine derivatives in, 333t topical antifungal products for, 145 bromide in, 411 1006t alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, butorphanol in, 307 tramadol in, 310 142–144 cisapride in, 1252 TRH for diagnosis of barbiturate, 251 clindamycin for, 1155–1156 hypothyroidism in, 657 benzodiazepine derivatives, 331 clopidogrel dose for, 640 triiodothyronine suppression test in, buprenorphine, 305 corticosteroids in, 1311, 1312t 713 butorphanol, 307 cyclosporine in, 1229 trimethoprim for, 1154

butyrophenone, 329 diabetes in, insulin for treatment of, vitamin K1 dose for, 638 choline esters, 156 767–768 voriconazole in, 1005 desflurane, 229 diazepam hydrochloride in, 335, cat scratch disease, 1166 digitalis and cardiac glycoside, 505 403–404 cattles dissociative anesthetics, 261 digitalis in, 510–513, 512t acid-base metabolism in, 588 ephedrine, 139 diminazene for, 1158 albendazole for, 1138 etomidate, 265 doxorubicin in, 1205 amprolium for, 1144 flumazenil, 337 etomidate in, 266 azithromycin for, 1156 guaifenesin, 355 febantel for, 1138 chloral hydrate in, 357 halothane, 230 fenbendazole for, 1138 decoquinate for, 1142 inhalation anesthetics, 225–226 florfenicol for, 911 diminazene for, 1157 isoflurane, 228 fluconazole for, 998 fenbendazole for, 1138 ketamine, 261 fluoroquinolones for, 968–970 florfenicol for, 911 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

cattles (Continued) case series, 1454 phenothiazines and, 324–325 griseofulvin for, 989 Division of Veterinary Product postsynaptic processes, 171 guaifenesin in, 356 Safety (DVPS), 1448 presynaptic processes, 168, halofuginone for, 1146 drug safety information, 170–171, 170f imidocarb for, 1158 communication of, 1455 propofol and, 256 ketosis in, insulin for treatment of, international pharmacovigilance sevoflurane and, 229–230 768 activities, 1456 transduction, 168, 169f lasalocid for, 1148 Office of Surveillance and cephalexin, 843–844 maduramicin for, 1148 Compliance (OS&C), 1448 cephalosporins, 826, 838 metronidazole for, 1134 pharmacovigilance, 1449–1453 adverse reactions, 847–848 monensin for, 1148 safety measures beyond labeling, bleeding disorders, 848 oxytetracycline for, 1140 1455 blood disorders, 848 paromomycin for, 1139 central analgesic drugs, 309–311, 310t gastrointestinal, 848 parvaquone and buparvaquone for, central nervous system (CNS), 167 glycosuria, 848 1143 alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists, hypersensitivity reactions, pentamidine for, 1158 effects of, 353 847–848 ponazuril for, 1151 alpha-chloralose and, 270 classification, 839–840, 839t sulfadimethoxine–ormetoprim for, barbiturates and, 251 first-generation, 839, 839t, 843–844 816 benzodiazepine derivatives, effects cefadroxil, 843 sulfonamides for, 1151 of, 331 cefazolin, 844 theophylline in, 1310 blood–brain barrier, 178–180, 179f cephalexin, 843–844 trimethoprim–sulfadiazine for, 815 butyrophenone and, 329 cephapirin, 844

vitamin K1 dose for, 638 chloral hydrate and, 357 fourth-generation, 840, 847 cefadroxil, 843 depressant effects of barbiturates, general pharmacology, 838–839 cefazolin, 844 248 mechanism of action, 840 cefepime, 840, 847 depression, 223, 247 pharmacokinetics, 840–843, 841t cefovecin, 840, 846–847 desflurane and, 228–229 elimination, 843 cefoxitin, 844 dissociative anesthetic and, 260–261 metabolism, 843 cefpodoxime proxetil, 847 enflurane and, 231 oral absorption, 842 cefquinome, 840, 847 epidural barrier, 180, 180f, 181f pharmacokinetics– ceftazidime, 846 etomidate and, 265 pharmacodynamics, ceftazidime–avibactam, 838 flumazenil and, 337 840–841 ceftiofur, 840, 845–846, 845t glucocorticoids and, 742–743, 742t susceptibility testing, 841, 842t CentauraTM Insect Repellent, 1184 guaifenesin and, 355 tissue concentrations and protein Center for Drug Evaluation and injectable anesthetics in, 247 binding, 841–842 Research (CDER), 1451 isoflurane and, 228 second-generation, 839, 839t, 844 Center for Food Safety and Applied ketamine and, 261 special species considerations, 848 Nutrition (CFSAN), 1448 neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, third-generation, 839–840, 839t, Center for Veterinary Medicine 167–168 844–847 (CVM), 1346, 1407, 1409, 1411, neurosteroid anesthetics in, 268 cefovecin, 846–847 1448, 1461. see also regulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, cefpodoxime proxetil, 847 animal drugs 171–172 ceftazidime, 846 ADE reports, evaluation of agmatine, 177 ceftiofur, 845–846, 845t review process, 1453 amines, 174–176 Cephalosporium acremonium, 826 signal detection, 1453–1455 amino acids, 172–174 cephapirin, 844 adverse drug experience (ADE), endocannabinoids, 177 cerebral ischemia, 224 reporting of, 1449–1453, 1450f peptides, 176–177 cerebral perfusion pressure, 224 animal devices, 1450–1451 purines, 177 certification of analysis (COA), 96 approved versus unapproved neurotransmitter systems, cetirizine, 458 drugs, 1450 interactions between, 178 Charm Tests, 1472 medication errors, 1451–1452 nitrous oxide and, 231–232 chemical residues, in tissues of food pesticide products/vaccines, 1453 nonneuronal cells, role of, 177–178 animals, 1469 pet food adverse event and opioids and, 286 concern over, 1469–1471 product problem reporting, 1452 partial pressure of anesthetic, drugs prohibited from extralabel product defect, 1451 219–220 use, 1476 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

pharmacokinetics and, 1473–1476 diclazuril for, 1150 chlorpropamide, 667 prevention of, 1476–1477 dinitolmide for, 1145 chlorpyriphos, 1181 regulation of, 1471–1473 halofuginone for, 1146 chlortetracycline, 859f, 859t, 861t, chemical sterilization, 782 lasalocid for, 1148 866–867, 1140 chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), monensin for, 1148 choline, 174 178, 1245 narasin for, 1148 choline esters, 153 chemotherapy nicarbazin for, 1146 cholinergic receptor activating of cancer cell, 1194–1199 ormetoprim for, 1154 properties of, 154t combination chemotherapy, robenidine for, 1144 clinical uses, 156–157 1196–1197 semduramicin for, 1149 molecular structures of primary, tumor cell resistance, 1194–1196 sulfonamides for, 1151 154f tumor cell sensitivity, 1194 chloral hydrate, 357–358, 357f pharmacological mechanisms and definition of, 1191 in preanesthetic period, 187 effects, 156 drugs chloralose, 269–270, 270f target organ effects, 156 actinomycin D, 1206, 1207f chlorambucil, 1201–1202, 1201f, cholinesterase inhibitors, 66, 198–199 alkylating agents, 1199–1200 1234–1235 pharmacological mechanisms and bleomycin, 1213 adverse effects, 1234 effects, 157 cell cycle and, 1192, 1193f clinical use, 1235 reversible, 158–159 chlorambucil, 1201–1202, 1201f for inflammatory bowel disease, structure–activity relationships, corticosteroids, 1214 1269 158 COX-2 inhibitors, 1213 chloramine-T, 790 cholinomimetic alkaloids, 154f, cyclohexylchloroethylnitrosurea, chloramphenicol, 254, 903, 1470 157 1202, 1202f adverse effects and precautions, 905, Chondrodendron tomentosum, 198 cyclophosphamide, 1200, 1200f 907 choroid plexus, 178 cytosine arabinoside, 1207–1208, aplastic anemia, 907 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 1208f bone marrow suppression, 905, 1201 dacarbazine, 1203, 1203f 907 chronic palliative therapy, dosing of, 1192 GI disturbances in dog, 907 glucocorticoids, 746 doxorubicin, 1204–1205, 1204f peripheral neuropathy, 907 Chrorulon, 678t 5-fluorouracil, 1209–1210, 1209f toxicty in cats, 907 chrysotherapy. see gold therapy gemcitabine, 1208–1209, 1209f chemical features, 903 chukar partridges, lasalocid for, 1148 ifosfamide, 1200–1201, 1200f clinical uses, 907–908 cidofovir, 1013 L-asparaginase, 1212–1213 derivatives, 908 cimetidine, 1256–1257, 1256t masitinib, 1215 florfenicol, 909–912 cimicoxib, 470, 471f maximum tolerated dose (MTD), thiamphenicol, 908–909 ciprofloxacin, 953, 954t, 955f 1191 drug interactions, 907 for dogs and cats, 969–970 mechlorethamine, 1201, 1201f formulations, 903–904 circumventricular organs (CVOs), melphalan, 1202, 1202f mechanism of action, 904 178 methotrexate, 1206–1207, 1207f, for ocular infections, 1327–1328 cisapride, 1251–1252 1208f pharmacokinetics, 904–905, 905t, clinical use, 1252 mitoxantrone, 1205–1206, 1206f 906t formulations, 1252 paclitaxel, 1211, 1211f absorption and distribution, mechanism of action, 1251 platinum containing agents, 904–905 pharmacokinetics, 1251–1252 1211–1212 metabolism and excretion, 905 side effects and interactions, 1252 procarbazine, 1203–1204, 1204f resistance to, 904 cisatracurium, 198, 199–200 rabacfosadine, 1215–1216 spectrum of activity, 904 characteristics of, 199t temozolomide, 1203, 1203f structure of, 904f cisplatin, 1212, 1212f toceranib, 1214–1215, 1214f chlorhexidine (Chx), 784, 790 citalopram, 434 vinca alkaloids, 1210–1211, 1210f chlorine-containing solutions, citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine fractional kill hypothesis, 1193 783–784 (CPDA-1), 629 metronomic, 1193 chloroquine, 1156 clarithromycin, 1262 resistance to, 1194–1196, 1195t chlorpheniramine, 459 clathrins, 171 chickens chlorpromazine, 1245, 1246t cleansers, 781 amprolium for, 1144 chlorpromazine hydrochloride, 327, types of, 781 decoquinate for, 1142 327f, 328 clemastine, 458, 459 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

clenbuterol, 138, 1305–1306, 1368 Codex Alimentarius, 1426 corticotropin-releasing hormone in food-producing animals, 1306 Codex Committee on Residues of (CRH), 649–651, 650t, 651t in horses, 1306 Veterinary Drugs in Foods dosage protocols for, 654t unapproved use of, 1306 (CCRVDF), 1426 stimulation test, 654 Client Information Sheet (CIS), 1455 colitis-X, 865 cortisol, 732, 741f clindamycin, 927–930, 1155–1156, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), cortisone, 740t, 741f 1155f 583–584 cosolvent, 94 absorption and distribution, colloid therapy, 583–584 cotransmission, 420 928–929 column chromatography, 1441 cotrimoxazole, 815 adverse effects and precautions, common ion effect, 94 cough reflex, 1302 929–930 comparative pharmacokinetics, coumaphos, 1061 chemical structures of, 925f 1351–1353 coumarin derivatives, 632–638 clinical use, 930 comparative pharmacology, 6 COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donors mechanism of action, 928 Compliance Policy Guide (CPG), (CINODs), 472 metabolism and excretion, 929 1348–1349, 1358, 1431 Cremephore-free paclitaxel, 1211 pharmacokinetics – compounded drugs, 1430 cresols, 786 pharmacodynamics, 928–929 current status of, 1430–1432 cromolyn, 1307 resistance to, 928 potential problems from, 1432–1434 crufomate, 1061 source and chemistry, 927 signs of drug instability, 1432t cryptorchidism spectrum of activity, 928 transdermal medications for pets, in dogs, hCG for, 679 Clinical and Laboratory Standards 1434–1435 reproductive hormonal drugs for, Institute (CLSI), 1379 veterinarians and veterinary 687 clinical anesthesia, 185–189 pharmacists, guidelines for, cryptosporidiosis, drugs for, 1130t clinical breakpoint, 1381 1435 crystalline penicillin, 834 clomipramine, 431 compounding of drugs, 1359. see also crystalloid therapy, 582–583 clonazepam, 404 compounded drugs crystalluria, sulfonamides and, 805 clopidogrel, 639–640, 1261 concentration gradient, 10 CTBP. see cytosolic thyroid clopidol, 1143, 1143f congestive heart failure (CHF), 601 hormone-binding proteins cloprostenol, 678t ancillary therapy in, 527 CTX. see cyclophosphamide clorazepate, 404–405 digitalis for, 510 curare alkaloids, 194 behavioral responses of, 426 conivaptan, 614–615 cutaneous metabolism, 19 clorsulon, 1092–1093 constant flow treatments, 1377 CVM. see Center for Veterinary chemical structure of, 1092f constant-rate infusion (CRI), 607 Medicine dosage, 1092 Consumer Complaint Coordinator, cyclodextrin molecule, 268f elimination of, 1093 FDA, 1452 cyclohexanones, 185 with ivermectin, 1092 Controlled Internal Drug Release cyclohexylchloroethylnitrosurea pharmacokinetic behavior of, 1093 (CIDR), 104, 683–684, 684f (CCNU), 1202, 1202f safety and toxicity, 1093 controlled-release dosage cyclooxygenase (COX), 467 closantel, 1088–1091, 1089f, 1092f formulations, 1460 cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and ivermectin, 1089 controlled substances, 1430 characteristics, actions, and roles mechanism of action, 1089 inventory records, 1436 of, 469t pharmacokinetic behavior of, medical record, 1436 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 1213 1089–1090, 1090f prescribing, 1436 characteristics, actions, and roles toxicity, 1091 prescription for, 1437t of, 469t Clostridium spp., 198, 1265 storage and security, 1436 inhibition of, 477–478, 478t clotrimazole, 1009 coprophagy, 15–16 efficacy, potency, and sensitivity cloxacillin, 835 corticosteroids of, 478–480 coagulopathies, agents for treatment in cancer chemotherapy, 1214 in vivo and ex vivo determination of, 638 in cats, 1311, 1312t of, 480 cocaine, 175 in dogs, 1311 cyclophosphamide, 1200, 1200f, coccidiosis, drugs for, 1131t, in horses, 1312 1233–1234 1132t–1133t inhaled, 1312–1313 adverse effects, 1234 codeine, as antitussive, 1302–1303 as metered-dose inhalers, 1312t clinical use, 1234 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), for ocular inflammation, 1325–1326, mechanism of action, 1234 1408 1325t cycloplegics, 1330 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

cyclosporine, 1227–1232 dazamide, 601 ADH for diagnosis of, 666 administration, 1230 Dear Doctor Letters, 1455 central, chlorpropamide for adverse effects and precautions, decamethonium, 197 treatment of, 667 1231–1232, 1231t decongestants, 1315 nephrogenic, treatment of, 667 clinical use for incontinence, 1316 Diabinese, 667 in cats, 1229 systemic, 1315–1316 diamidine derivatives, 1157, 1157f in dogs, 1228–1229 topical, 1315 amicarbalide, 1158 drug interactions, 1232 decoquinate, 1141–1142, 1141f diminazene diaceturate, 1157–1158 formulations and pharmacokinetics, dehydration imidocarb diproprionate, 1229–1230 physical findings in, 562t 1158–1159 for inflammatory bowel disease, types of, 561–562 pentamidine isethionate, 1158 1270 dehydrocholic acid, 1271 phenamidine isethionate, 1158 mechanism of action, 1228, 1228f deiodinase enzymes, regulation of, diaminopyrimidines, 796 monitoring, 1230–1231, 1231f 695–698 Diamox, 601 for ocular disease, 1329 Delvo tests, 1472 diamphenetide, 1097–1098 ophthalmic use demulcents, 1315 chemical structure and metabolic anterior uveitis, 1232 deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 730 fate, 1097, 1097f keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 1232 depot preparations, 1460 mechanism of action, 1098 structure of, 1228f deracoxib, 470, 471f safety, 1098 cyfluthrin, 1179 dermatological effects diarrhea, sulfonamides and, 807 Cyklokapron, 642 of glucocorticoids, 743 diarrhea, treatment for, 1262 cylcooxygenase (COX), 600 of thyroid hormones, 706 antimicrobials, 1265–1267 CYP2D6, 1337–1338 dermis of the skin, 18 motility modifiers, 1263–1264 cypermethrin, 1179 derquantel, 1069 mucosal protectants and adsorbents, cystic ovaries therapy, gonadorelin for, DERs. see Drug Experiencing Reports 1262–1263 676 desflurane, 228–229 opioids, 1264–1265 Cystorelin, 676, 678t biotransformation, 228 diazepam, 402–404 cytarabine, 1014. see also cytosine cardiovascular actions of, 229 adverse reactions and tolerance, arabinoside (Ara-C) CNS, effect on, 228–229 402

cytauxzoonosis, drugs for, 1130t CO2 absorbent stability, 228 behavioral responses of, 425–426 cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), convulsive activity of, 224 in cats, 403 1207–1208, 1208f respiratory system, effect on, 229 clinical use, 403 cytosolic binding proteins, thyroid rubber or plastic/gas partition induced eating in anorexic cats, hormones and, 704 coefficient of, 219t 404 cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor solubility of, 218t mechanism of action, 402 (cGR), genomic effects by, vapor pressure of, 228, 228t pharmacokinetics, 402–403 732–733 desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), 638, routes of administration, 403 cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding 665, 666–667 rectal administration, 403 proteins (CTBP), 698 desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA), as skeletal muscle relaxant, 404 cytotoxic drugs, 1194 751 in treatment for anxiety, 404 desoxycorticosterone pivalate diazepam hydrochloride, 331–334 D (DOCP), 751 chemical name, 331–332 dabigatran etexilate, 635, 636t detomidine hydrochloride, 345f, dose, 333t dacarbazine (DTIC), 1203, 1203f 346–347, 346t molecular formula, 331 dactinomycin (DACT). see dexamethasone, 740, 740t, 741f, 1214, regulatory information, 333–334 actinomycin D 1247 diazoxide, 773 dalbavancin, 936 in food animal, 1365, 1368 dichlorvos, 1061 dalteparin (Fragmin), 631–632 in horses, 1312 diclazuril, 1149–1150, 1149f danofloxacin, 954t, 973 dexmedetomidine, 345f, 348, 348t diethylcarbamazine, 1063–1064, 1063f dapsone, 1239–1240 in preanesthetic period, 187 diethylenediamine. see piperazine adverse effects, 1240 dexrazoxane, 1205 diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), 1184 clinical use, 1239–1240 Dextran 40, 582t diethylstilbestrol (DES), 683 mechanism of action, 1239 Dextran 70, 582t diffusional coefficient of drug, 10 pharmacokinetics, 1239 dextromethorphan, 1303 difloxacin, 954t Datura stramonium, 159 diabetes insipidus (DI) diflubenzuron, 1183 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

digitalis, 505–513 choline esters, 156–157 cardiovascular effects, 261 cardiac energy metabolism with, 507 cholinomimetic alkaloids, 157 CNS effects of, 260–261 cardiac output with, 506, 507f effects of, 153t effects on ICP, 260–261 cardiovascular effects of, 505 general characteristics, 153 muscular effects, 262 in cats, 510–513, 512t structure–activity relationships, norepinephrine affects, 261 cellular mechanisms, 505–506 153–154 respiratory effects, 261–262 chemistry and sources, 505 direct compression technique, 106 preparation, 260 combined effects during atrial direct stimulants, 1314 regulatory information, 264 fibrillation and flutter, 508 disinfectant footbaths, 791 dissociative drugs, 187 electrophysiological effects, 508 disinfectants, 781, 782 distal convoluted tubule (DCT), 595, excitability and automaticity, alcohols as, 782–783 596, 599f 507–508 aldehyde, 784–785 distribution, drug impulse conduction and refractory factors affecting efficacy of, 786 aminoglycosides, 882–883 periods, 508 biofilms, 788 chloramphenicol, 904–905 kidneys and diuresis with, 508–509 concentration, 786 clindamycin, 928–929 myocardial contractility, 505 contamination, 787 extent of tissue binding, 25–26 neuroendocrine effects, 507 exposure time, 787 factors affecting, 22–23, 25–26 pharmacokinetics, 509–510 organism types, 787 florfenicol, 909–910 preparations, 513 pH, 787 fluoroquinolones, 967 therapeutic indications for, 510 temperature, 787 lincomycin, 926 toxicity gas, 786 of lipophilic compounds, 9–10 clinical signs, 509 ideal characteristics of, 781 macrolide antibiotics, 918–920 electrolyte involvement, 509–510 oxidizing agents as, 785 penicillins, 833–834

plasma concentrations, 509 Q10 coefficient, 787, 787t physiological determinants of, 23 digoxin, 544–545 resistance to, 788–789 plasma protein binding, 24–25 dihydrofolate reductase/thymidylate use of, examples of, 790–791 sulfonamides, 800, 802, 804 synthase inhibitors, 1152, 1153f avian influenza, 791–792 tetracyclines, 861–864, 861t–863t ormetoprim, 1153f, 1154 Salmonella species, 791 tissue barriers to, 23–24 pyrimethamine, 1153f, 1154–1155 disinfection, 782 volume of, 26 trimethoprim, 1152–1154, 1153f high-level, 782 diuretics dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase intermediate-level, 782 aquaretics, 614–615 (DPD), 1195 low-level, 782 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, dihydrostreptomycin and disk diffusion susceptibility tests, 1379 601–603 streptomycin, 890–891 disophenol, 1087, 1088 dopamine receptor agonists, 615 dimenhydrinate, 1246, 1246t Dispensatorium, 3 edema formation, 601 diminazene diaceturate, 1157–1158, displacement, with plasma protein effect on water and electrolyte 1157f binding, 25 elimination, 601t dinitolmide, 1145, 1145f dissociation constant of ligand, 69 loop/high-ceiling, 605–610 dinoprost, 678t, 681 dissociative anesthetics, 259–264 mineralocorticoid receptor dinotefuran, 1174 adverse effects/ contraindications, antagonists, 612–614 di-npropyl isocinchomeronate (MGK 263 neutral endopeptidase inhibitors, 326), 1184 chemistry, 260 615 dioctyl calcium sulfosuccinate, 1271 classification, 260 osmotic, 603–605 dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), dose, 263 principles of, 600–601 1271 drug availability, 264 renal epithelial sodium channel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, 772 drug interactions, 264 inhibitors, 611–612 diphemanil, 1264, 1264t history, 259–260 renal physiology, 593–600, 594f, diphenhydramine, 1245, 1246, 1246t indications, 260 596f diphenoxylate, 1264 mechanism of action, 260 epithelial transport and secretion, diphenylmethane, 1270 metabolism, 262–263 600 diprenorphine, 309 overdosage/acute toxicity, 264 nephron function, 593–597, 595f, dip treatments, 1378 pharmacokinetics, 262 596f direct-acting parasympathomimetic physiological/pharmacodynamic thiazide and thiazidelike, 610–611 agonists effects, 260–262 d-limonene, 1182 acetylcholine, 154–155 analgesic effects, 262 dobutamine, 513 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

dogs metronidazole for, 1133 bolus, 102 absorption of buprenorphine in, 306 morphine in, 294–295 capsules, 103 acepromazine in, 328 nifurtimox for, 1140 chewable tablets, 102–103 acquired cardiac disease in, oclacitinib in, 1233 common veterinary forms, 99f treatment of, 146–147 ormetoprim for, 1154 considerations when formulating, albendazole for, 1137–1138 paromomycin for, 1139 100f alfaxalone in, 269 pentamidine for, 1158 controlled internal drug release aminoglycosides toxicity in, 885 phenamidine for, 1158 system (CIDR), 104 amprolium for, 1144 pimobendan in, 514, 514t cream, 101 apomorphine dosage for, 304 ponazuril for, 1151 delayed release, 101–102 aspirin dose for, 639 propofol in, 258 different types, use of, 1459 atovaquone for, 1142–1143 proton pump inhibitors in, ease of drug administration, 1461 azithromycin for, 1156 1259–1260 emulsions, 100 barbiturate in, 254–255 pyrimethamine for, 1154 extended release (ER) tablets, 101 benzodiazepine derivatives in, 333t, rivaroxaban and apixaban for, feed additives, 1461–1463, 1463f 425 636–637 gels, 101 bromide in, 410 ronidazole for, 1135 granules, 103 butorphanol in, 307 selective serotonin reuptake immediate release (IR) tablets, 101 carvedilol in, 147 inhibitors (SSRIs) in, 432 implants, 102 chloramphenicol for, 904, 907–908 skin reactions in, 806 liquid suspension, 99–100 cisapride in, 1252 sodium stibogluconate for, 1136 lotions, 101 clindamycin for, 1155–1156 sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in, 1200 medicated feed, 103 clopidogrel dose for, 640 streptokinase for, 641 modified release (MR) tablets, 101 colloids in, indications, dosages and subaortic stenosis (SAS) in, 147 ointment, 101 administration of, 582t sulfonamides for, 1151 parenteral products, 104–105 cyclophosphamide in, 1200 theophylline in, 1309 pastes, 101 cyclosporine in, 1228–1229 thyroid hormone and iodide kinetics pharmacokinetic considerations and decoquinate for, 1142 in, 700t controlled-drug delivery, diabetes in, insulin for treatment of, thyroxine kinetics in, 701t 1459–1461, 1460f 767–768 tinidazole for, 1135 powders, 103 digitalis in, 509 tissue-type plasminogen activator site-directed therapy, 1463 diminazene for, 1157 for, 641 solutions, 99 doxorubicin in, 1205 toltrazuril for, 1150 suspoemulsion (SE), 101 doxycycline for, 1140 topical antifungal products for, tablets, 101 etomidate in, 267 1006t topical products, 105 febantel for, 1138 tramadol in, 309–310 transdermal drug delivery, 105 fenbendazole for, 1138 TRH for diagnosis of dosage regimens, 57–62 fluconazole for, 998 hypothyroidism in, 656–657 adjusting for disease, 60–62, 61f fluoroquinolones for, 968–970 trimethoprim for, 1153–1154 constant-dose, interval-extension griseofulvin for, 989 ulcerative colitis in, 1266 method (IE), 61, 61f

guaifenesin in, 356 vitamin K1 dose for, 638 constant-interval, dose-reduction heparin dose for, 630 warfarin dose for, 635 (DR), 61 imepitoin in, 401–402 domperidone, 680, 1251 determination of an effective and imidocarb for, 1158–1159 dopamine, 124, 129, 138, 421, 513, 679, safe, 77 with immune-mediated hemolytic 1245 dosage rate, 59 anemia, 625 as neurotransmitters, 174–175 efficacy and safety, 60 itraconazole for, 1002 receptors, 175 factors important in designing, 59 ketamine in, 262t termination of action of, 175 instantaneous dose rate, 59 leflunomide in, 1238 dopamine receptor agonists, 615 loading dose, 58–59 levothyroxine dosages for, 711–712 doping control, 1439 maintenance dose, 58 macrocyclic lactones for, 1113 doramectin, 1102, 1103f, 1116, 1175, plasma concentration vs time maropitant in, 1249 1177 profile, 58f mechlorethamine in, 1201 dosage form considerations, 99–105, for quinolone, 82, 83 meglumine antimonate for, 1136 1459 relative dosage interval, 59 metoclopramide in, 1250 biomass products, 103–104 selection of dose, 81–83 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

dosages dronabinol, 1248 E alpha-chloralose, 270t droperidol, 328 ear tags, 1167 apomorphine, 304 drug administration, routes of Eat this Bug, 1395 atipamezole, 350t intraperitoneal injection, 22 Eazi-Breed CIDR, 678t, 684, 684f azaperone, 330t parenteral dosage forms, 21 Ebers Papyrus, 3 barbiturates, 253–254, 254t subcutaneous (SC or SQ) and Echinococcus granulosus, 1081 bromide, 410 intramuscular (IM) route, 21 ectoparasiticides, 1166 buprenorphine, 306t drug approval process, for minor amitraz, 1170t, 1182–1183 butorphanol, 307 food-producing animals, approval and registration in US, chloral hydrate, 357 1345–1346 1184–1185, 1184t clorsulon, 1092 Drug Enforcement Authority (DEA), carbamates, 1182 detomidine hydrochloride, 346t 1436 chemical structures and diazepam hydrochloride, 333t Drug Experiencing Reports (DERs), physicochemical properties of, dissociative anesthetics, 263 1423–1424 1169t–1170t dose–effect relationship vs PK/PD drug receptor theories, 74–76, 75f d-limonene and linalool, 1182 modeling, 66f drugs, 3 fipronil, 1170–1172, 1170t etomidate, 266 absorption of ( see absorption, drug) ideal, 1166 etorphine in animals for affinity, efficacy, and potency of, indoxacarb, 1180 immobilization, 303t 69–70, 69f, 70f insect growth regulators, 1170t, gentamicin, 880t as agonist or antagonist, 67–69 1183 glucocorticoids, 1227 binding of, and chemical forces, insect development inhibitors, guaifenesin, 355–356 72 1183 hydromorphone, 297t disposition of, 8–10 juvenile-hormone analogs, 1183 ketamine, 263 distribution of macrocyclic lactones, 1175–1177 levamisole, 1057 factors affecting, 22–23, 25–26 mechanisms of action, 1168, 1170t metomidate, 272 physiological determinants of, neonicotinoids midazolam maleate, 334 23 dinotefuran, 1174 opioids, 312t plasma protein binding, 24–25 imidacloprid, 1172–1173 pimobendan, 516 tissue barriers to, 23–24 isoxazoline, 1174–1175 piperazine, 1062–1063 hepatic disposition, 32–38 nitenpyram, 1173 praziquantel, 1083 hepatic clearance, 34–35 spinosad, 1174 propofol, 259, 259t metabolism impact, 34 organophosphates, 1170t, romifidine, 347t metabolism induction and 1180–1182 species differences, 269 inhibition, 35–38 pyrethrins and pyrethroids, 1170t, telazol, 263 phase I and phase II reactions, 1178–1180 tetracycline antibiotics, 866t 33–34, 33t resistance to, 1168, 1170 tetrahydropyrimidines, 1060 mechanism of action, 67f routes of dermal absorption, tolazoline, 353t partial agonist vs full agonist, 74 1167–1168, 1167f tribromoethanol, 272–273 receptors, 72–74 synergists and repellents, 1170t, trimethoprim–sulfadiazine, 814 renal elimination, 26–32 1183–1184 urethane, 271 clearance, 30–31 topical formulations, 1167 xylazine hydrochloride, 345t mechanism of, 27–30 transdermal delivery, 1167 yohimbine, 351t physiology relevant to, 26–27 edema formation, diuretics and, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), 1198 tubular secretion and 601 dose titration trial, 78–79, 78f, 79f reabsorption, 31–32 Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, 3 down-regulation, 76 specificity and selectivity of, edrophonium, 158–159 doxacurium, 200 70–72 for reversal of neuromuscular characteristics of, 199t drug targets, types of, 65–67, 66f blockade, 210 doxapram, 1316 drug transporters, 1334 effect compartment model, 79 doxazosin, 143 d-tubocurarine, 197, 198, 200 efficacy of drugs, 69–70, 69f, 70f doxil, 1205 histamine release by, 207 clinical, 69 doxorubicin, 1204–1205, 1204f neuromuscular blocking effect of, intrinsic, 69 doxycycline, 859f, 859t, 864–865, 204–205, 204f, 205f eicosanoids, 467–468, 485, 600 868–869, 1140 Dyrenium, 611 eicosapentanoic acid, for colitis, pharmacokinetic parameters of, 863t dysautonomia, 118 1269–1270 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

EIPH. see exercise-induced pulmonary enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), drug availability, 267 hemorrhage 1443, 1472 drug interactions, 267 electrocardiogram, cardiac glycosides eosinophilic colitis, 1269 history, 264 and digitalis effects on, 508 epidural barrier, 180, 180f, 181f indications, 265 Electronic Submissions Gateway epinephrine, 136, 175, 1304, 1304t mechanism of action, 265 (ESG), FDA, 1453 eplerenone, 614 metabolism, 266 Electronic Submissions System (ESS), eprinomectin, 1102, 1103f, 1108, 1116, overdosage/acute toxicity, 267 1453 1175, 1176, 1460 pharmacokinetics, 265–266 elimination, drug pour-on formulation, 1177 physiological effects, 265, 266f of aminoglycosides, 883 epsiprantel, 1085, 1085f, 1086f analgesic effects, 265 of angiotensin-converting enzyme Equidone, 680 cardiovascular effects, 265 inhibitors, 616 equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), CNS effects, 265 of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 678t, 679 endocrine system, 265 602 equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1), muscular effects, 265 of cephalosporins, 843 1011 respiratory system, 265 of florfenicol, 910 equine, propofol effect on, 258 preparation, 264–265 of loop diuretics, 607 equine protozoal myelitis, drugs for, regulatory information, 267 of mannitol, 603–604 1130t species differences, 266–267 of mineralocorticoid receptor equine protozoal myeloencephalitis stability of, 267 antagonists, 613 (EPM), 799, 1142, 1149 storage of, 267 of osmotic diuretics, 603–604 Equipoise, 685 etorphine, 303–304 of penicillins, 833 ertapenem, 849 eucalyptus oil, 1314 of tetracyclines, 861t–863t, 864 erythromycin, 11, 912t, 920–921, 1253 European Association for Veterinary elimination half-life, 1474 chemical structures of, 913f Pharmacology and Toxicology emodepside, 1069, 1070, 1070f clinical use of, 921 (EAVPT), 5 endectocides, 1369 formulations, 920 European Medicines Agency (EMA), endocannabinoids, 177 for ocular infections, 1328 1453 endocrine effects pharmacokinetic parameters of, 919t European Union (EU), 1425 of glucocorticoids, 742, 742t regulatory considerations, 921 euthanasia, 388 of thyroid hormones, 708 erythropoietin, 1446 euthanizing agents endometritis, persistent escitalopram, 434 in animals, 393 oxytocin for, 681 esmolol, 546 immersion agents, 391–392 prostaglandins analogs and, 681 esters, 742 benzocaine hydrochloride, 392 endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), estradiol, 682 2-phenoxyethanol, 392 121 estradiol benzoate, 682–683 quinaldine sulfate, 392 energy metabolism, glucocorticoids estrogens, 682–683 tricaine methane sulfonate, and, 737 estrous cycle, 674–675, 675f 392 enflurane, 228 estrous synchronization, 681 inhaled agents, 388–390 CNS, effects of, 231 Estrumate, 678t anesthetic overdose, 390 pharmacokinetics, 231 estrus synchronization, 676 argon, 389 rubber or plastic/gas partition E-test, 1379 carbon dioxide, 388–389 coefficient of, 219t ethyl alcohol, 782–783 carbon monoxide, 389 solubility of, 218t ethylenediamine dihydroiodide nitrogen, 389–390 tonic–clonic muscle activity, 224 (EDDI), 1008, 1314 injected agents undesirable features of, 231 ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid barbiturate, 390 vapor pressure of, 228t (EDTA), 628 carfentanil citrate, 391 enilconazole, 1008–1009 ethylene oxide, 786 dissociative agents, 391 enoxaparin (Lovenox), 632 etofenprox, 1179 embutramide, 391 enrofloxacin, 953, 954t, 955f, 969t, etomidate etorphine hydrochloride, 391 1337, 1433 adverse effects/ contraindications, potassium chloride, 391 enteric nervous system, 121 266 tributame, 390–391 enterohepatic recycling, 15–16 chemistry, 264, 264f miscellaneous considerations, concentration vs time profile, 16f classification, 264–265 392–393 Environmental Protection Agency compatibility of, 267 opioids, 391 (EPA), 781, 1408, 1453, 1470 dose, 266 evidence-based pharmacology, 4 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

Evidence-Based Veterinary Medical Fasciola hepatica, 1046, 1053, distribution, 909–910 Association (EBVMA), 1466 1085–1087, 1087t metabolism and elimination, 910 evidence-based veterinary medicine fasciolosis, 1085–1086. see also pharmacokinetic– (EBVM), 1465–1467 antitrematodal drugs pharmacodynamic properties, clinical decision making, 1465 febantel, 1039, 1048, 1138 911 definition of, 1465 Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act regulatory information, 912 evidence hierarchy, 1466, 1467f (FFDCA), 1407, 1408, 1425 structure of, 909 evidence rating system, 1467, 1467f Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and flubendazole, 1036f, 1049. see also excitatory amino acid transporters RodenticideAct (FIFRA), 1408 benzimidazoles (EAATs) neurotransmitters, 172 Federation Equestre International fluconazole, 993t, 997–998 excretion (FEI), 1440 adverse effects, 998 chloramphenicol, 905 felbamate, 405 clinical use clindamycin, 929 feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1), exotic animals, 998, 999t–1000t fluoroquinolones, 967 1011, 1013 large animals, 998 macrolide antibiotics, 920 fenbendazole, 1036f, 1048–1049, small animals, 997–998 pharmacogenetics of, 1339–1340 1137f, 1138. see also interactions, 998 sulfonamides, 805 benzimidazoles pharmacokinetics, 997 exercise-induced pulmonary fenleuton, 1314 spectrum of activity, 997 hemorrhage (EIPH), 609–610, fentanyl, 178, 1398–1399 structure of, 1004f 1445 fenthion, 1169t, 1181 flucytosine, 1008 exocytosis, 171 fenvalerate, 1179 fluid therapy, 577–588 exogenous glucocorticoids, 701–702 fescue toxicosis, 1251 diagnosis and monitoring for, exotic animals, antifungal drugs for, FFDCA. see Federal Food Drug and 577–578, 579t 998, 999t–1000t Cosmetic Act fluid volume and type for, 578–580 expectorants and mucolytics, 1314 fibrinolytic agents, 640–641 products for, 582–588 acetylcysteine, 1315 Fick’s law of diffusion, 10, 31 blood substitutes, 585–588 demulcents, 1315 field-block anesthesia, 370 colloids, 583–584 direct stimulants, 1314 finasteride, 678t, 685 crystalloids, 582–583 guaifenesin, 1315 fipronil, 1166, 1170–1172, 1170t hypertonic solutions, 584–585 saline expectorants, 1314 chemistry, 1171 rates and routes of administration, extended-spectrum β-lactamases efficacy, 1171 580–582 (ESBLs), 828 formulations, 1170–1171 solutions, composition of, 579t extracellular fluid (ECF), 556 mechanism of action, 1171 units of measure and conversions cations in, 557–558 pharmacokinetics, 1171 used in, 556t osmolality, 557 safety/toxicity, 1171–1172 flumazenil extralabel use (ELU), 1358–1359, 1375, firocoxib, 471f, 475t adverse effects/contraindications, 1410 fish 337 definition of, 1472 florfenicol for, 911–912 analgesic activity of, 337 drugs prohibited for, 1429t, 1473t fluoroquinolones for, 971–972 cardiovascular effects, 337 regulatory discretion for, 1427 morphine and, 296 CNS depressant effects, 337 requirements for, 1429t propofol and, 259 doses, 338 veterinarian and, 1472–1473 flea allergy dermatitis, 1166 indications, 337 extrusion processes, 106 flip-flop phenomenon, 47 mechanism of action, 337 florfenicol, 909–912, 1361 molecular formula, 337 F adverse effects, 912 musculoskeletal effects, 337 factor Xa inhibitors, 636–637 in aquatic animals, 1385, 1388–1389 pharmacokinetics properties, Factrel, 676, 678t clinical use, 911–912 338 famciclovir, 1012–1013 cattle and pigs, 911 regulatory information, 338 adverse effects, 1013 fish, 911–912 respiratory effects, 337 clinical use, 1013 horses, 912 flumequine, 1385–1386 pharmacokinetics, 1012–1013 other species, 912 flumethasone, 740t, 741f famotidine, 1256–1257, 1256t small animals, 911 flunixin, 1475–1476 famphur, 1181 topical forms, 911 flunixin meglumine, 1313 FARAD. see Food Animal Residue pharmacokinetics of, 909–911, 910t fluoroquinolone-induced retinal Avoidance Databank (FARAD) absorption, 909 toxicity, 1337 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

fluoroquinolones, 953, 1265 foals, antimicrobials for diarrhea in, complexing and dispersing agents, advantages of, 953 1267 98 antibacterial spectrum, 956–957, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), flavors, 99 956t 649, 651f, 675f, 678t, 679 flocculating/suspending agents, chemical features, 953–955 Follitropin, 678t 98 clinical use Follutein, 678t humectants, 99 birds, 971 Food and Agriculture Organization preservatives, 98 dogs and cats, 968–970 (FAO), 1426, 1476 solubilizing agents, 98 fish, 971–972 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thickening agents, 98–99 horses, 972–973 6, 96, 1407–1409, 1409t, 1431, tonicity agents, 98 nursing animals, 974 1448, 1470–1471. see also wetting agents, 98 pigs, 973–974 regulation of animal drugs for modified release formulations pregnant animals, 974 postapproval surveillance program, coated tablets, 97 reptiles, 971 1448 matrix tablets, 97 ruminants, 973 Food and Drug Administration natural ingredients, 95 small mammals, 970–971 Amendments Act (FDAAA), semisynthetic ingredients, 95–96 young animals, 974–975 1452 for solid dosage forms dose guidelines, 968, 969t Food Animal Residue Avoidance binders, 97 drug interactions, 977 Databank (FARAD), 816, 882, coating agents, 97 formulations, 977–978 1348, 1351, 1352, 1469, 1477 disintegrants, 97 mechanism of action, 955–956 food animals, use of drugs in, 1358 fillers (diluents), 96–97 for ocular infections, 1327 anesthetics and analgesics, glidants, 97 pharmacokinetics, 958, 959t–964t, 1369–1370 lubricants, 97 965–987 antibiotics, 1361–1365, 1362t–1363t synthetic ingredients, 96 excretion, 967 anticoccidials, 1365, 1366t Freedom of Information (FOI) intramuscular and subcutaneous antiinflammatories, 1365–1368, summaries, 1407 injection, 966 1366t free hormone hypothesis, 698–699 metabolism, 966 antiparasitics, 1367t, 1369 frog oral absorption, 965–966 extralabel use, 1358–1359 metomidate in, 272 protein binding, 965t, 967 hormones for reproductive use, opioid in, 312, 312t tissue distribution, 967 1367t, 1369 Frontline Plus, 1166, 1170 pharmacokinetics– miscellaneous drugs, 1370 furazolidone, 934–935 pharmacodynamics, production enhancement drugs, furosemide, 605–610, 1234, 967–968 1366t, 1368–1369 1444–1445 resistance to, 957–958 residues andwithdrawal times, clinical, 957–958 1359–1361 G human health risks of, 958 food code, 1426 GABA, as neurotransmitters, 172, safety of, 975–976 food-producing animals 173t, 174 blindness in cats, 975–976 major, 1345 gabapentin, 405–406 CNS effects, 975 minor, 1345 adverse effects, 406 problems in young animals, 976 Food Safety and Inspection Service clinical use, 406 structure–activity relationships, (FSIS), USDA, 1470–1472 pharmacokinetics, 406 954–955 formaldehyde, 784–785, 791 GABA receptors, 174, 174f susceptibility testing, 954t, 957 formulation elements, 95–99 GADPTRA. see Generic Animal Drug third-generation, 953, 955 function of excipients, 95 and Patent Term Restoration used in veterinary medicine, 954t International Conference on Act 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 1008, Harmonization (ICH) gallamine (Flaxedil), 201–202 1209–1210, 1209f guidelines, 96 γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), 174 fluoxetine, 176, 432–433 in liquid and semisolid formulations γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), 731 fluralaner, 1174–1175 antimicrobial agents, 98 gamithromycin, 912t, 923 flush treatments, 1377 antioxidants, 98 chemical structures of, 914f fluticasone, 1312–1313 buffering agents, 97 pharmacokinetics of, 917t fluvoxamine, 434 bulking agents, 97 gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), chelating agents, 98 422 1070–1071 coloring agents, 99 ganciclovir, 1013 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

gantacurium, 198, 201 chemical structure of, 877, 878f clinical use, 1311–1312 characteristics of, 199t disposition of dosage, 1227 gas chromatography (GC), 1441–1442 age on, effect of, 886 every-other-day (EOD) therapy, gas disinfectants, 786 body condition and disease on, 1227 GastroGard®, 1260 effect of, 886, 888 exogenous, 701–702 gastrointestinal effects, of once-daily dosages for, 880t fatal sequela in dog, 743 glucocorticoids, 742t, 743 pharmacokinetic data for, 887t–888t genomic mechanisms of action, gastrointestinal function, drugs ghrelin, 661 732–736, 733f affecting giardiasis, drugs for, 1129t genomic effects via cGCR, acetylcholine (ACh), 155 glaucoma, 1323–1325 732–733 alpha-2-adrenergic receptor pharmacological therapy, 1323 lipocortin induction and agonists, 341 beta-blockers, 1323 phospholipase A2 inhibition, barbiturates, 252 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, 734, 735f bethanecol, 156 1323–1324 posttranslational modifications, carbachol, 156 hyperosmotic agents, 1324–1325 736 choline esters, 156 parasympathomimetics, 1325 steroid receptor isoforms, inhalation anesthetics, 226 prostaglandin analogues, 1324 735–736 muscarinic receptor antagonists, physiology of, 1323 hypoadrenocorticism management, 160 glial cells, 177–178 729 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory glomerular filtration, 27–28, 28f for immune-mediated diseases, drugs (NSAIDs), 482–484 glomerular net filtration pressure, 596f 1226–1227 opioids, 288–289 glomerulus, anatomy of, 598f immunosuppressive effects, gastrointestinal stasis, 188 glucagon, 771–772 1227 gastrointestinal tract, thyroid hormone glucagon-like peptide 1, 772 for inflammatory bowel diseases, effect on, 707 glucocorticoids, 729–750 1268–1269 gastrointestinal ulcers, drugs for, 1254, adverse effects, 1227 laminitis in horse, 743, 749 1254t, 1255f cellular effects, 1226–1227 mechanism of action, 1311 antacids, 1255–1256 chemistry of, 740–742, 740t, 741f mechanism of action of, 734, 734f Helicobacter gastritis and, 1262 esters, 742 molecular mechanisms of action,

histamine H2-receptor antagonists, source, 740 732 1256–1257 steroid base, 741–742 newer preparations of, 749–750 proton pump inhibitors, 1258–1261, structure–activity relationships, nonadrenal disorder management, 1258t 740, 740t, 741f 729 sucralfate, 1257–1258, 1257f choice of drugs, 1227 nongenomic effects of, 736–737 synthetic prostaglandins, 1261–1262 classes of therapy with, 744–750 and NSAIDs, 735f, 748 gatifloxacin, 953 adrenal reserve testing, 747 pharmacologic effects of, 737–740 GC-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) alternate-day therapy, 746–747 cardiorespiratory, 738–739 gene, 738 antiinflammatory and antiallergic CNS, 739, 742–743, 742t gemcitabine, 1208–1209, 1209f therapy, 745 endocrine, 739, 742, 742t general anesthesia, 184–185 chronic palliative therapy, 746 energy metabolism, 737 injectable agents for, 188, 188t immunosuppressive therapy, gastrointestinal, 739–740, 742t, mechanism of action, 185 745–746 743 stages of, 184, 184f intensive short-term and shock growth and development, 737 techniques of, 184–185 therapy, 745 immune and hematologic effects, balanced anesthesia, 184 intraarticular administration, 738 single-agent technique, 184 748–749 water and electrolyte balance, general visceral afferent (GVA) system, neurologic applications, 749 737–738 118 ophthalmic applications, 749 physiological effects of, 737 general visceral efferent (GVE) system, physiological replacement physiology and, 729–737 113 therapy, 744–745 hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal Generic Animal Drug and Patent Term stress supplementation, 747–748 axis, 731–732, 731f Restoration Act (GADPTRA), topical and intralesional usage, negative feedback, cellular 1409, 1420 748 mechanisms of, 732 generic product application, 1421 clinical dosing and cellular actions steroids biosynthesis, 729–731, gentamicin, 877, 886–888 of, relationship of, 734t 730f JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

plasma binding, metabolism, and paromomycin for, 1139 H excretion of, 732 vitamin K1 dose for, 638 Haemonchus contortus, 1046 principles of rational therapy, goitrogens, 715 Hageman factor, 627t 743–744 gold therapy, 1238–1239 half-life of drug, 1474 for respiratory diseases, 1311–1313 adverse effects, 1239 halofuginone, 1146, 1146f thyroid function and, 701–702 clinical use, 1239 haloperidol, 328 toxicity of, 742–743, 742t dosage, 1239 halothane, 228 for vomiting, 1247 formulations for, 1239 advantages, 230 withdrawal from, 747 gonadorelin, 675t, 676–677 biotransformation, 229, 230 glucoreceptor (GR), 71 clinical use of, 676–677 cardiovascular actions of, 230

glucose effect, 252 dosage of, 678t CO2 absorbent stability, 230 glucose metabolism gonadotropin-releasing hormone complete respiratory arrest, 230 diazoxide, 773 (GnRH), 676 declining use and availability, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, gonadotropins, 677–679, 678t 230–231 772 human chorionic, 677–679 hepatic injury related with, 230–231 glucagon, 771–772 mechanism of, 677 pharmacokinetics, 230 glucagon-like peptide 1, 772 secretion and function of, 677 rubber or plastic/gas partition hypoglycemic agents, oral, 768–771 therapeutic uses of, 677 coefficient of, 219t acarbose, 770–771 Good Manufacturing Practices solubility of, 218t metformin, 770 (cGMPs), 1451 vapor pressure of, 228t sodium–glucose cotransporters, G-protein, 655 halothane hepatitis, 231 771 G protein-coupled receptors (GRPCs), haloxon, 1061 sulfonylureas, 768–770 72, 73f, 168 hCG. see human chorionic thiazolidinediones, 770 granisetron, 176 gonadotropin insulin, 763–768 Green Book, 1409 heartworm adulticides, 1064 adverse effects of griseofulvin, 988–990 Helicobacter gastritis, 1262 chemistry and biosynthesis of, clinical use hemicholinium, 198 763–764 adverse effects, 990 hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers history of, 763 large animals, 989–990 (HBOCs), 586–588 mechanism of action, 765 small animals, 989 adverse effects of, 587–588 metabolism of, 765–766 mechanism of action, 988 osmolality of, 586 preparations and properties of, microsized formulations, Hemopure, 587 766–767, 766t 988 hemorrhagic cystitis, 1234 secretion of, 764–765 pharmacokinetics, 988–989 Hemospan, 587 therapeutic uses of, 767–768, spectrum of activity, 988 hemostasis, 625–629 768t ultramicrosized formulations, 988 coagulation phase in, 627–628 somatostatin, 772–773 growth hormone–releasing hormone calcium involvement, 627t, 628 toceranib phosphate, 773 (GHRH), 661 fibrin formation, 626f glutamate, as neurotransmitters, 172, guaiacol, 1315 fibrinolysis phase in, 628 173t guaifenesin, 354f, 1315 natural anticoagulants in, 628 glutamate-gated chloride channels adverse effects/contraindications, vascular and platelet phases in, (GluCl), macrocyclic lactones 355 626–627, 627f and, 1104–1105 classification, 354 in vitro anticoagulants and clotting glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), dose, 355–356 tests, 628–629 172 drug interactions, 356 Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, 10, glutaraldehyde (GLT), 785, 791 indications, 355 27, 29, 570f glycine, as neurotransmitters, 172, mechanism of action, 355 heparin, 629–632 173t metabolism, 355 adverse effects of, 630 glycine xylidide (GX), 381 overdosage/acute toxicity, 356 for IMHA, 630 glycopeptides, 936–937 pharmacokinetics, 355 indications and clinical uses, glycopyrrolate, 161, 1310 physiological effects, 355 629–630 goats regulatory information, 356 low-molecular-weight, 629, 630–632 amprolium for, 1144 species differences, 356 pharmacological properties of, 633t decoquinate for, 1142 guanidine derivatives, as reversing agent for, 632 monensin for, 1148 antiprotozoan drugs, 1143–1144 unfractionated, 629 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

hepatic disposition of drugs, 32–38 mechanism of action, 1256 florfenicol for, 912 bile formation, 36–37 potency of, 1256t fluoroquinolones for, 972–973 biliary drug elimination, 36 smooth muscle activity, effects on, guaifenesin in, 356 cytochrome (Cyt) P450-dependent 1257 heparin dose for, 630 mixed-function oxidation, 33, HIV-1 protease inhibitors, 1337 imidocarb for, 1158 34t Hofmann elimination reaction, 199 intraarticular glucocorticoid usage hepatic clearance, 34–35 homeostasis in, 748–749 metabolism impact, 34 of potassium, 565–566 itraconazole for, 1002 metabolism induction and of water, sodium, and chloride, ketamine in, 262t inhibition, 35–38 558–559, 559f levothyroxine dosages for, 712 phase I and phase II reactions, hormesis, 74 macrocyclic lactones for, 1112 33–34, 33t hormone implants, 1368 metoclopramide in, 1250 hepatic necrosis, sulfonamides and, hormone response elements (HRE), metronidazole for, 1133 806 682 misoprostol in, 1262 hepatozoonosis, drugs for, 1130t hormones morphine in, 295–296 Hetastarch, 582t adrenocorticotropic hormone, phenytoin in, 401 high-ceiling diuretics. see loop 651–655, 654t, 662t ponazuril for, 1150–1151 diuretics antidiuretic hormone, 662t, 665–667 proton pump inhibitors in, 1260 high ceiling effect, 69 corticotropin-releasing hormone, pyrimethamine for, 1154–1155 highly effective antiretroviral therapy 649–651 rifampin use in, 933 (HAART), 1015 follicle-stimulating hormone, 649, tetracyclines for, 1140 Hill model, 80 651f, 675f, 678t, 679 tetracyclines in, effects of, 865 Hippocrates, 3 hypothalamic hormones, 649–668, theophylline in, 1309–1310 histamine, 175 650t, 651t thiopental in, 255 antihistamines luteinizing hormone, 649, 651f, 675 tinidazole in, 1135 chemistry, 456–457 pituitary hormones, 649–668 toltrazuril for, 1150 development, 456 anterior, 649–665 tramadol in, 311

H1 receptor antagonists, 456, 457t posterior, 665–668 TRH for diagnosis of H2 receptor antagonists, 460 reproductive hormones, 674–687, hypothyroidism in, 657 pharmacological effects, 457 675t trimethoprim–sulfadiazine for, side effects and interactions, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 814

459–460 655–657 vitamin K1 dose for, 638 therapeutic uses, 457–459 hormones for reproductive use, 1367t, warfarin dose for, 635 therapeutic uses of, 459 1369 HSS. see hypertonic saline pharmacological effects, 455–456 horses HSS plus dextran (HSD), 585 receptors, 453–455, 454t acepromazine in, 327–328 human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), release, 452–453 airway diseases in, 1305 677–679, 678t serotonin alfaxalone in, 269 adverse reactions and side effects, agonists and antagonists, 463 aminoglycosides toxicity in, 886 679 metabolism, 460–461 anticholinergic drugs in, 1310 dosage of, 678t neuronal uptake of, 461–462 antiherpetic therapy for, 1011–1012 therapeutic uses of, 677–679 pharmacological effects, 462–463 azathioprine in, 1236 Human Genome Project, 1332 physiological and pathological benzodiazepine derivatives in, 333t humidity, 92 processes, 463 butorphanol in, 307 hyaloideocapsular ligament, 1322 side effects and interactions, 463 chloral hydrate in, 357 Hydodan®, 1303 sources, 460–461 chloramphenicol for, 908 hydralazine hydrochloride, 522–523 subtypes, 462 cisapride in, 1252 hydrochlorothiazide, 667 sources, 451–452 corticosteroids in, 1312 hydrocodone, 1303 synthesis, 451–452 decoquinate for, 1142 hydrocortisone, 740t

histamine H2-receptor antagonists, diazepam hydrochloride in, 335 hydrogen peroxide, 785 1256–1257 diclazuril for, 1149–1150 gas plasma, 786 adverse effects, 1256 digitalis in, 509 hydrolysis, 92 antiallergic effects, 1257 diminazene for, 1157 hydromorphone, 296–297 clinical use, 1256 dissociative anesthetics in, 263 dosages, 297t immunological effects, 1257 domperidone in, 1251 4-hydroxycoumarin, structure of, 633f JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

hydroxyquinolones and I chloramphenicol, 1327–1328 naphthoquinones, 1141, 1141f I-653. see desflurane double antibiotic/triple antibiotic atovaquone, 1141f, 1142–1143 ibafloxacin, 954t preparations, 1326–1327 buparvaquone, 1141f, 1143 idiosyncratic reactions, 1340 erythromycin, 1328 decoquinate, 1141–1142, 1141f idoxuridine, 1013–1014 fluoroquinolones, 1327 parvaquone, 1141f, 1143 ifosfamide, 1200–1201, 1200f tetracyclines, 1327 5-hydroxytryptamine, 175–176 imazalil, 1008 antibacterial agents for, 1326–1328 Hyoscyamus niger, 159 imepitoin, 401–402 antifungal agents hyperadrenocorticism, adrenolytic adverse effects, 402 azoles, 1328 drugs for, 751–752 clinical use in dogs, 402 polyenes, 1328 hyperbolar agonist–effect drug interactions, 402 antifungal agents for, 1328 relationships, 74 pharmacokinetics, 402 antimicrobial therapy for, hypercapnia, 224 IMHA. see immune-mediated 1326–1329 hyperchloremia, 565 hemolytic anemia antiviral agents for, 1328–1329 hyperkalemia, 567–568 imidacloprid, 1166, 1170t, 1172–1173 purine analogues, 1329 causes of, 567, 567t chemistry, 1172 pyrimidine analogues, 1328–1329 management of, 568t efficacy, 1172–1173 infertility therapy hypernatremia, 562–563, 563f mechanism of action, 1172 gonadorelin for, 676 hyperosmotic agents, for glaucoma, pharmacokinetics, 1172 hCG for, 677 1324–1325 products, 1172 inflammation, ocular, 1325 hyperosmotic cathartics, 1270 safety/toxicity, 1173 and antiinflammatory therapy, hypersensitivity reactions imidazothiazoles, 1054–1058. see also 1325–1326 cephalosporins and, 847–848 levamisole corticosteroids for, 1325–1326, sulfonamides and, 805–806 imidocarb diproprionate, 1157f, 1325t hyperthyroidism, 691 1158–1159 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory hypertonic saline (HSS), 584–585, imipenem, 849 agents for, 1326, 1326t 790 imipramine, 430–431 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), hypervolemia, 563 immersion disinfection, 782 drugs for, 1267 hypnotic-sedatives, in preanesthetic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia anticholinergics, 1268 period, 187 (IMHA), 625, 1226, 1227 glucocorticoids, 1268–1269 hypoadrenocorticism management, immunoblotting, 1354–1355 immunosuppressive drugs, 1269 glucocorticoids for, 729 immunological effects, of sulfasalazine, 1267–1268 hypochloremia, 565 glucocorticoids, 743 inhalation anesthetics hypochloritesasdisinfectants, immunosuppressive drugs, 1226 as cerebral vasodilators, 224 783–784 azathioprine, 1235–1237, 1235f drug kinetics properties, 218–219 hypoglycemic agents, oral, 768–771 chlorambucil, 1234–1235 methods of characterization, 217 acarbose, 770–771 cyclophosphamide, 1233–1234 pharmacodynamics of, 222–232 metformin, 770 cyclosporine, 1227–1232 cardiovascular system effects, sodium–glucose cotransporters, 771 dapsone, 1239–1240 225–226 sulfonylureas, 768–770 glucocorticoids, 745–746, central nervous system effects, thiazolidinediones, 770 1226–1227 223–224 hypokalemia, 568–569 gold therapy, 1238–1239 desflurane, 228–229 causes of, 568t for inflammatory bowel diseases, effects of volatile anesthetics on potassium supplementation in, 569t 1269 arterial oxygen tension (Pao2), hyponatremia, 563–565, 564f leflunomide, 1238 224, 225f hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, mycophenolate mofetil, 1237–1238 enflurane, 231 731–732, 731f oclacitinib, 1233 gastrointestine, 226 hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, pimecrolimus, 1232 halothane, 230–231 694–695, 695f sirolimus, 1232–1233 isoflurane, 227–228 hypothyroidism, 691 tacrolimus, 1232 kidneys, 226–227 therapeutic trial for diagnosis of, inamrinone, 516–517 liver, 226 713 Increlex, 664 methoxyflurane, 231 thyroid replacement therapy of, 710f infections, ocular nitrous oxide, 231–232 hypotonic fluid loss, 561, 563 antibacterial agents respiratory system effects, hysteresis loop, 79 aminoglycosides, 1327 224–225 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

inhalation anesthetics (Continued) properties of ideal, 248 intravenous regional nerve block sevoflurane, 229–230 pharmacological, 248 (IVRA or Bier block), 370 skeletal muscle, 227 physiological, 248 intrinsic sympathetic activity (ISA), pharmacokinetics propofol, 255–259, 255f, 259t 145 blood flow characteristics in Innovar-Vet, 328 iodinated radiocontrast agents, 719, different tissue groups, 221t inodilators, 513–516 719f delivery to alveoli, 220 inodoxacarb, 1179 iodine, as antiseptic/disinfectant, 783 dosage, 222 inosine monophosphate iodine metabolism, 691–693 factors contributing to anesthetic dehydrogenate (IMPDH), 1237 iodophors, 783 elimination, 222 inotropic agents, 516–517 ion channels, 66 factors promoting rapid changes, inotropic effect, 506 ionic strength of a solution, 94 220t insect development inhibitors (IDIs), ionotropic receptors, 72, 171 minimum alveolar concentration 1183 ion trapping, 10, 11f (MAC), 222, 222t insect growth regulators (IGRs), 1183 iopanoic acid, 716t movement, 219f inspired concentration, of inhalation ischemia–reperfusion injury, oil/gas partition coefficients vs anesthetics, 220, 231 associated with HBOCs, 587 potency (MAC), 223f Institute for Safe Medication Practices isoflurane, 227 partial pressure between alveoli (ISMP), 1451 anticonvulsant effects of, 228 and venous blood, 221 insulin, 763–768 biotransformation, 227–228 recovery from, 221–222 chemistry and biosynthesis of, cardiovascular actions of, 228 removal from alveoli, 220–221 763–764 CNS, effect on, 228

standard index of potency for, history of, 763 CO2 absorbent stability, 227 222 mechanism of action, 765 immobilizing effects of, 224 upper limit of inspired metabolism of, 765–766 respiratory system, effect on, 228 concentration, 220 preparations and properties of, rubber or plastic/gas partition uptake and elimination, 219–222 766–767, 766t coefficient of, 219t physicochemical characteristics of, secretion of, 764–765 solubility of, 218t 216–218 therapeutic uses of, 767–768, 768t vapor pressure of, 228, 228t chemical, 216–217 intact animals, gonadorelin for, 677 isophosphamide. see ifosfamide forms, gas vs vapor, 217 interferons, 1017 isopropamide, 1264, 1264t, 1310 physical, 217 administration of, 1017 isopropyl alcohol, 782–783 of volatile anesthetics, 218t adverse reactions, 1020 isoproterenol, 137, 138, 544, 1305 postanesthetic cognitive dysfunction alpha, 1017, 1020 isosorbide dinitrate, 524–526 and, 224 clinical and experimental uses of, isoxazolines, 1174–1175 preconditioning effects, 224 1018t–1019t efficacy, 1175 solubility characteristics of omega, 1020 mechanism of action, 1175 in blood and tissues, 220 types of, 1017 pharmacokinetics, 1174–1175 blood/gas solubility, 219 International Conference on safety/toxicity, 1175 high agent solubility, 219 Harmonization of Technical itraconazole, 993t, 998, 1000–1003 oil/gas partition coefficient, Requirements for Registration of adverse effects, 1002–1003 219 Pharmaceuticals for Human Use clinical use, 1001–1002 rubber or plastic/gas partition (ICH), 1425 cats, 1002 coefficients, 219t International Federation of dogs, 1002 for tissues, 219 Horseracing Authorities (IFA), large animals, 1002 trace concentrations of, 232 1440 formulations, 998, 1000 inhaled corticosteroids, 1312–1313 interspecies extrapolations, 62–63, 62f pharmacokinetics, 1001 injectable anesthetics intraarticular administration, of spectrum of activity, 1000–1001 barbiturates, 248–255, 254t glucocorticoids, 748–749 structure of, 1004f CNS activity in seizing patients, 247 intracranial pressure (ICP), diuretics ivermectin, 1102, 1103f, 1104f, 1111f, disadvantages of, 247 to reduce, 605 1115–1116, 1168, 1169t, 1175, dissociative anesthetics, 259–264 intramuscular (IM) injection of 1176. see also macrocyclic etomidate, 264–267 anesthetics, 247 lactones (MLs) indications for, 247 intraocular pressure (IOP), 1321, pour-on products, 1167 intramuscular, 247 1323 sustained release device, 1115–1116 neurosteroids, 267–269 intraosseous fluids, 581 toxicity, 179 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

J antidiuretic hormone, 600 levetiracetam, 407–408 Januvia, 772 cylcooxygenase, 600 adverse effects, 408 Joint Expert Committee on Food renin–angiotensin–aldosterone clinical use, 407–408 Additives (JECFA), 1476 system, 597–600, 599f pharmacokinetics, 407 JournalofBiologicalChemistry,4 sympathetic nervous system, 600 levobupivacaine, 383 Journal of Pharmacology and physiology of, 593–600, 594f, 596f levofloxacin, 953 Experimental Therapeutics, 4 epithelial transport and secretion, levothyroxine, 708–712, 709t Journal of the American Veterinary 600 dosage considerations for, 710–711 Medical Association, 1476 nephron function, 593–597, 595f, dosages Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology 596f for cats, 712 and Therapeutics (JVPT), 5 kinesin, 170 for dogs, 711–712 juvenile-hormone analogs (JHAs), Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase for horses, 712 1183 (KPC), 828 quality control of, 710 juxtaglomerular cells, anatomy of, 598f LFRs (Livestock Food Reports), 1452 L lidocaine, 250, 251, 381–382, 548–549, K labeling error, 1451 1253 K9 AdvantixTM, 1173 labor induction, oxytocin for, 681 behavioral changes attributed to, Kahun Papyrus, 3 lacrimogenics, for ocular disease, 1329 382 kanamycin, 889–890 lactic acidosis, 575 in food animals, 1369–1370 structure of, 879f lamivudine, 1014–1015 pharmacokinetics of, 381 kaolin–pectin, 1262–1263 clinical use, 1015 pharmacological and keratinization, 1279 pharmacokinetics, 1015 nonpharmacological features, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), 1232 larval development assay (LDA), 1109 381 sulfonamides and, 805 lasalocid, 1147–1148, 1147f physical–chemical properties and keratomycosis, in horses, 1328 L-asparaginase, 1212–1213 pharmacological properties of, ketamine, 187, 260f, 263 laudanosine, 200 376t adverse effects/contraindications, law of mass action, 24 uses, 382 263 Lawsonia intracellularis, 1267 ligand-gated ion channels, 67 bronchodilating properties of, 261 laxatives and cathartics, 1270, 1270t lincomycin, 926–927 cardiovascular effects, 261 bulk laxatives, 1270–1271, 1271t absorption and distribution, 926 chemistry, 260 lubricant laxatives, 1271 adverse effects and precautions, CNS effects of, 261 saline cathartics, 1270 926–927 in different species, 262t stimulants, 1270 chemical structures of, 925f dose, 263 stool softeners, 1271 clinical use, 927 history, 259–260 lazaroids, 749 formulations, 926 metabolism, 262 L-deprenyl, 752f, 754–755 mechanism of action and spectrum, pharmacokinetics, 262 leflunomide, 1238 926 preparation, 260 adverse effects, 1238 metabolism and excretion, 926 salivation stimulation of, 261 indications and clinical uses, 1238 regulatory considerations, 927 species differences, 264 leishmaniasis, drugs for, 1130t source and chemistry, 926 ketoacidosis, 575–576 leucovorin, 1207 lincomycin methyl, 1155f ketoconazole, 752f, 754, 993t, 994, leukeran. see chlorambucil lincomycin–spectinomycin, 927 996–997 leukotriene inhibitors, 1314 lincosamides, 925–926, 1155–1156, adverse effects, 996 leukotriene receptor blockers, 1314 1155f clinical use, 996 levamisole, 1055–1058, 1066 clindamycin, 925f, 927–930 interactions, 997 anthelmintic spectrum, 1057 lincomycin, 925f, 926–927 pharmacokinetics, 994, 996 dosages, 1057 lindane, 1470 spectrum of activity, 994 formulations, 1057 linezolid, 940 structure of, 1004f immunomodulatory effects, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, ketoprofen, 471f, 1368 1057–1058 thyroid hormones influence on, kidneys metabolic pathways of, 1055f 706 cardiac glycosides and digitalis with, mode of action, 1055–1056 lipid-soluble drugs, 12 508–509 pharmacokinetics, 1056–1057 lipid : water partition coefficient, 10 factors regulating function of, routes of administration, 1057 lipocortin, 734 597–600 safety and toxicity, 1058 lipooxygenase inhibitor, 1314 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

liquid chromatography (LC), 1442, therapeutic uses, 608–610 dogs and cats, 1113 1443 toxicity, adverse effects, horses, 1112 liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), 1441 contraindications, and ruminants, 1111–1112 liquid petrolatum, 1271 interactions, 607–608 swine, 1112 liver loop of Henle, 27, 595–596, 595f, 598f tissue residues and withdrawal bile secretion in lobule of, 37f loperamide, 1114, 1264–1265 times, 1120 drug localization and lorazepam macrolide antibiotics, 912, 912t biotransformation in, 32 behavioral responses of, 426–427 adverse effects and precautions, 920 relationship between blood flow and chemical name, 334–335 antibacterial activity of, 915 hepatic clearance, 35, 35f molecular formula, 334 azithromycin, 924–925 liver fluke, 1085–1086. see also regulatory information, 335 clarithromycin, 923 antitrematodal drugs low-molecularweight heparin drug interactions, 920 L-lysine, 1020 (LMWH), 629, 630–632 erythromycin, 920–921 lobendazole, 1039 dalteparin (Fragmin), 631–632 gamithromycin, 923 local anesthetics, 183–184 enoxaparin, 632 immunomodulatory effects, activity-dependent blockade, 371 L-triiodothyronine, synthetic, 709t, 916–918 chemical properties 712–713 interpretive criteria for, 916t amino-ester vs amino-amide lubricant laxatives, 1271 mechanism of action, 915 classes, 373 lufenuron, 1007–1008, 1183 pharmacokinetic– effect of local pH, 373–375 Lutalyse, 678t pharmacodynamic properties, stability and formulations, lymphocytic–plasmacytic colitis, 1269 916–917, 917t 375–376 lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 1398 pharmacokinetics, 918–920, 919t stereoisomerism, 375 absorption and distribution, clinical uses in veterinary medicine, M 918–920 369–370 macrocyclic lactones (MLs), 1064, metabolism and excretion, 920 differential effects on nerve fibers, 1102 resistance to, 915 371–373 and ABC transporters, interactions source and chemistry, 912–915 drug interactions, 378 between, 1114–1115 spectrum of activity, 915–916, 916t general ADME considerations, ecotoxicological impact, 1121 structure of, 913, 913f, 914f 377–378 as ectoparasiticides, 1175–1177, tildipirosin, 923–924 major classes of, 373f 1175t tilmicosin, 922 mechanism for, 371–373 chemistry, 1175–1176 tulathromycin, 922–923 metabolic degradation of, 378 efficacy, 1176–1177 tylosin, 921–922 model for sodium channel blockade mechanism of action, 1176 macula densa, anatomy of, 598f by, 372f pharmacokinetics, 1176 maduramicin, 1147f, 1148 for ocular disease, 1330–1331 safety/toxicity, 1177 magnesium hydroxide, 1255, 1256 onset and duration of action, general pharmacology of, Malassezia dermatitis, terbinafine for, 376–377 1102–1104 1007 physical–chemical properties and mechanism of action, 1104–1106, male infertility, hCG for, 677–679 pharmacological properties of, 1105f mammalian target of rapamycin 376t pharmacokinetic– (mTOR), 1232 regulatory issues of, 380–381 pharmacodynamic relationship, mammals, drugs in, 1397 topical use of, 370 1109–1111 farmed/domestic species, toxicity of pharmacokinetics of, 1106–1109 1397–1398 cardiovascular system, 380 drug and host-related factors small/pocket pets/rodents, 1397 central nervous system, 379–380 affecting, 1116–1120, 1118f, zoo/marine mammals, 1398–1400 logit, 81 1119f mammary gland, oxytocin function in, lomustine. see exchange between bloodstream 680 cyclohexylchloroethylnitrosurea and target tissues, 1106–1108, Mannheimia hemolytica pneumonia, (CCNU) 1106f, 1107f 816 long-acting rodenticides, 635 hepatic metabolism, 1108–1109 mannitol loop diuretics preparations available, 1115–1116 absorption and elimination of, absorption and elimination of, 607 resistance to, 1113–1114 603–604 chemistry/formulations of, 605–606 safety and toxicity, 1120–1121 for prophylaxis of acute renal failure, mechanisms and sites of action, 606 therapeutic uses, 1111 604–605 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

Manual of Operative Veterinary metabolic alkalosis, 576 rubber or plastic/gas partition Surgery, 183 metabolic effects, of glucocorticoids, coefficient of, 219t manufacturing defect, 1451 742 solubility of, 218t manufacturing process metabolism, drug, 32–33, 33t undesirable effects of, 231 direct compression, 106 aminoglycosides, 883 vapor pressure of, 228t extrusion, 106 azathioprine, 1235, 1235f methscopolamine, 1264, 1264t factors influencing product benzimidazoles, 1038–1042 methylatropine, 162 dissolution, 106–107 cephalosporins, 843 methylnaltrexone, 1254 roller compaction, 106 chloramphenicol, 905 methylprednisolone, 740t slugging, 106 clindamycin, 929 methylprednisolone acetate, 1269 tableting processes, 106 florfenicol, 910 methylthioinosine monophosphate wet/dry granulation, 105–106 fluoroquinolones, 966 (MeTIMP), 1235 marbofloxacin, 954t, 955f, 973 macrolide antibiotics, 920 methylxanthines, 614, 1307–1308 marcfortine, 1069 penicillins, 834 adverse effects, 1309 marketing exclusivity, for new animal pharmacogenetics of, 1337–1339 antiinflammatory effects, 1308 drug, 1409 sulfonamides, 804–805 clinical use, 1309–1310 maropitant, 1248–1249 tetracyclines, 864 drug interactions, 1309 masitinib, 1215 metabotropic receptors, 171 formulations, 1308 mass spectrometry (MS), 1442, 1443 metaproterenol, 1305 pharmacological effects, 1308 mast cells, 1304 metered-dose inhalers, 1306, metioprim, pharmacokinetics of, 804t materia medica, 3, 5 1312–1313, 1312t metoclopramide, 680, 1247, 1250 mavacoxib, 470, 471f in horses, use of, 1313 adverse effects, 1247 maximum residual limits for in small animals, use of, 1313 antiemetic effects, 1247 veterinary drugs (MRLVD), 1426 metformin, 770 pharmacokinetics, 1247 Maximum Residue Level (MRL), 1360 methacholine, 156 metomidate, 271f MDR-1 deficient dogs, 179 methantheline, 162 chemistry, 271 mebendazole, 1036f, 1049. see also methenamine dose, 272 benzimidazoles (hexamethylenetetramine), 938 drug availability, 272 mecasermin, 664 methicillin, 835 history, 271 mechlorethamine, 1201, 1201f methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus indications for, 271 medetomidine, 345f, 347, 348t aureus (MRSA), 835 mechanism of action, 271 medical devices, 1407–1408 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pharmacokinetics, 271 medication control programs, 1439. pseudintermedius (MRSP), 957 physiology, 271–272 see also performance animals, methimazole (MMI), 715, 716–718, preparation, 271 medication control programs in 716t regulatory information, 272 medication errors, 1451–1452 adverse effects of, 716–717 species differences, 272 mefenoxam, 1009–1010 diagnostic scintigraphy, 718 metoprolol, 146, 147, 546 meglumine antimonate, 1136 monitoring of patients on, 718 metronidazole, 1128, 1131, melarsomine, 1064 pharmacokinetics and 1133–1134, 1262 melengestrol acetate (MGA), 683 pharmacodynamics of, 716 benzoate, 1131 meloxicam, 471f transdermal, 717–718 chemical structure of, 1134f in food animal, 1368 methohexital, 248, 249f, 249t, 250–251 clinical use, 1133–1134 melphalan, 1202, 1202f dose of, 254t metronidazole-responsive diarrhea, menadiol, 637 effects on dogs, 254 1265–1266 menadione, structure of, 633f generalized excitement and metronomic chemotherapy, 1193 meperidine, 176, 313 activation of epileptic foci, 251 mexiletine, 549 analgesic effects of, 312–313 regulatory information, 250t Meyer–Overton rule, 185 mepivacaine, 376t, 383 methoprene, 1166, 1170, 1183 Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetics, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), 1235 methotrexate (MTX), 1206–1207, 28 meropenem, 849 1207f, 1208f Michaelis Menten equation, 69 mesalamine, 811, 1268, 1268f, 1268t methoxyflurane, 228 miconazole, 1009 mesna (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate), advantages, 231 microglia, 178 1200, 1234 biotransformation, 231 Microzide, 667 metaanalysis, 1353 pharmacokinetics, 231 Midamor, 611 metabolic acidosis, 574–576, 575f renal failure and, 231 midazolam, 404 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

midazolam maleate for cervids/other ruminants, morphine, 178, 312 chemical name, 334 1348t analgesic effects of, 312–313 dose, 334 for small ruminants, 1347t as antitussive, 1302 molecular formula, 334 legislation and policies supporting mosapride, 1251 regulatory information, 334 availability of, 1346–1350 motility modifiers, for diarrhea, migration inhibition assay (LMIA), Animal Medicinal Drug Use 1263–1264 1109 Clarification Act, 1346–1348 Motilium, 680 milbemycin oxime, 1102, 1169t, Compliance Policy Guide (CPG), moxidectin, 1102, 1104, 1104f, 1177 1348–1349 1107–1108, 1108f, 1111f, 1116, milbemycins, 1102, 1104, 1175. see Minor Use and Minor Species 1175, 1177 also macrocyclic lactones (MLs) Animal Health Act, 1349–1350 moxifloxacin, 953, 973 milk discard time, 1469, 1476 programs supporting use of, MSRT (morantel slow release milk letdown, oxytocin for, 681 1350–1351 trilaminate bolus), 1060 milrinone, 517 Food Animal Residue Avoidance Mucinex®, 1315 mineralocorticoid, 740t and Depletion Program, 1351 mucosal protectants and adsorbents, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), 71 Minor Use Animal Drug Program, 1262–1263 mineralocorticoid receptor 1350–1351 bismuth subsalicylate, 1263 antagonists, 612–614 withdrawal intervals, estimation of, kaolin–pectin formulations, absorption and elimination of, 613 1351–1355 1262–1263 chemistry/formulations of, 612–613 allometric scaling, 1353–1354 multiple drug resistance (MDR), 12, mechanisms and sites of action, 613 comparative pharmacokinetics, 1196 therapeutic uses, 613–614 1351–1353 muscarinic receptor antagonists, toxicity, adverse effects, species grouping, 1354 159–161 contraindications, and drug in vitro and molecular studies, antimuscarinic effects of, 161 interactions, 613 1354–1355 clinical uses, 161 mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, Minor Use and Minor Species pharmacological effects, 160–161 520–522 (MUMS) Animal Health Act, mustargen. see mechlorethamine clinical uses, 521–522 1349–1350, 1401, 1422–1423 mutation, 1333 mineralocorticoids, 750–751 conditional approval, 1350 myasthenia gravis, 1237 history of, 750 designation of drugs, 1350 mycophenolate, 1237–1238 preparations and properties of, 751 indexing, 1350 adverse effects, 1238 secretion and mechanism of action Minor Use Animal Drug Program, clinical use, 1237 of, 750 1350–1351 pharmacokinetics/ side effects of, 751 Miostat®, 157 pharmacodynamics, sructure of, 751f mirtazapine, 435, 1249–1250 1237 therapeutic use of, 751 misoprostol, 1261–1262 mydriasis, 188 mineral oil, 1271 mitotane, 752–753 mydriatics, 1330 minimum alveolar concentration mitoxantrone, 1205–1206, 1206f myocardial contractility, with digitalis (MAC), 222, 222t, 303 mivacurium, 198, 200 and cardiac glycosides, 505 cortical function and, 223 MLs. see macrocyclic lactones myxedema coma, thyroid hormones volatile anesthetic concentrations The Modern Horse Doctor, 183 for treatment of, 714–715 and, 223 monensin, 1147f, 1148 minimum inhibitory concentration monepantel, 1071–1072 N (MIC), 827 Moniezia expansa, 1046 naftifine, 1006 minocycline, 178, 859f, 859t, 869 Monitored Adverse Reaction nalbuphine, 308 pharmacokinetic parameters of, Committee (MARC) meeting, nalidixic acid, 1386 863t 1454 N-alkane anesthetics, 226 minor food-producing animals, monoamine oxidase inhibitors nalmefene, 308 veterinary pharmaceuticals in, (MAOIs), 175, 435–436 nalorphine, 308 1345 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 1214 naloxegol, 1254 approval process for use of, monoethylglycine xylidide (MEGX), naloxone, 308 1345–1346 381 naltrexone, 308 considerations and challenges, 1345 MonteCarlo simulations, 83f, 84 nandrolone, 685 FDA-approved drugs, 1346 montelukast, 1314 naphtalophos, 1061 for aquaculture species, 1349t morantel, 1058, 1059f, 1060 naphthalophos, 1061 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

narasin, 1147f, 1148 neurokinin receptor (NK), 1302 indications, 268 narcotics, 1430 neuromuscular blocking (NMB) mechanism of action, 267 natamycin, 1010 agents, 194 metabolism, 269 National Antimicrobial Resistance action mechanism of, 194 overdosage/acute toxicity, 269 Monitoring System (NARMS), characteristics of, 199t pharmacokinetics, 268, 268t 958 clinical use of, 208–211 physiological/pharmacodynamic National Coordinating Council for competitive nondepolarizing agents, effects, 268 Medication Error Reporting and 195, 198–202, 199t allergic reactions, 268 Prevention (NCCMERP), asymmetric mixed-onium analgesic effects, 268 1451–1452 chlorofumarates, 201 cardiovascular effects, 268 National Formulary (NF), 96 atracurium, 199–200 CNS effects, 268 National Human Genome Research doxacurium, 200 following cesarean section, 268 Institute, 1332 mivacurium, 200 muscular effects, 268 National Pesticide Information Center pancuronium, 200 respiratory effects, 268 (NPIC), 1453 rocuronium bromide, 201 regulatory information, 269 National Research Support Project #7 trisquaternary ether NMB agent, species differences, 269 (NRSP-7). see Minor Use Animal 201–202 neurotransmitters, 168, 170–171, Drug Program vecuronium, 200–201 170f National Residue Program (NRP), 1470 depolarizing agents, 195, 202–204 and receptors, 171–172 Naunym-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of phase I block, 202 agmatine, 177 Pharmacology, 4 phase II block, 202 amines, 174–176 N-butylscopolamine bromide (NBB), development of, 194–195 amino acids, 172–174 161–162 drug interactions, 208 endocannabinoids, 177 N-butylscopolammonium bromide, impulse transmission at somatic peptides, 176–177 1264, 1310 NMJ, 195 purines, 177 NCCMERP. see National Coordinating pharmacological considerations, neutral endopeptidase inhibitors, Council for Medication Error 198 615 Reporting and Prevention physiological and anatomic New Animal Drug Applications nebulization, 1306 considerations, 195–196, 195f (NADAs), 1346, 1361, 1407, nedocromil sodium, 1307 indications for, 194 1412–1419 nemadectins, 1175 margin of safety of neuromuscular n-3 fatty acids, for colitis, 1269–1270 neomycin, 890 transmission, 209 N-halamines, 784 structure of, 879f pharmacological effects of, 204 nicarbazin, 1145–1146, 1145f neonicotinoids, 1168 autonomic effects, 206–207 niclofolan, 1087, 1088 dinotefuran, 1174 cardiovascular effects, 207–208 niclosamide, 1082, 1082f imidacloprid, 1172–1173 central nervous system, 207 nicotine injections, 224 isoxazoline, 1174–1175 histamine release, 207 nicotinic cholinergic receptor, 72, 194, nitenpyram, 1173 ocular effects, 208 196–198, 196f spinosad, 1174 serum potassium, 208 NMB agents and, 197, 197f neosporosis, drugs for, 1130t skeletal muscle, 204–206, 204f, nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), 174 neostigmine, 158–159, 205, 1252–1253 205f nifurtimox, 1139–1140, 1140f for reversal of neuromuscular reversal of blockade, 209–210 nitarsone, 1137 blockade, 210 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, nitazoxanide (NTZ), 1069, 1159 nephron 210 nitenpyram, 1173 aatomy of, 594f sugammadex, 210–211 efficacy, 1173 function of, 593–597 sporadic use of, 194 pharmacokinetics, 1173 ion and water movement, 596f neuromuscular junction (NMJ), 194 safety/toxicity, 1173 structure of, 26–27, 27f neuropeptide Y (NPY), 120 nitric oxide (NO), 121 Neptazane, 601 neurosteroid anesthetics nitrobenzamides, 1144–1145, 1145f netobimin, 1039, 1048 adverse effects/ contraindications, aklomide, 1145, 1145f neural NO synthase (nNOS), 121 269 dinitolmide, 1145, 1145f neuroendocrine effects, of cardiac classification, 267 nitrofurans, 934–935 glycosides and digitalis, 507 dose, 269 as antiprotozoan drugs, 1139–1140 neurokinin, 1245 drug availability, 269 in food-producing animals, 1470 neurokinin-1 (NK-1), 1248 history, 267 nitrogen, 389–390 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

nitrogen mustard, 1191, 1200–1202 nonhuman primates, morphine effects renal, 484–485 chlorambucil, 1201–1202, 1201f on, 296 reproductive system, 487 cyclophosphamide, 1200, 1200f nonlinear zero order kinetics, 29 respiration, 487 ifosfamide, 1200–1201, 1200f nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs skin, 487 mechlorethamine, 1201, 1201f (NSAIDs), 65, 606, 703 soft tissue healing and repair, melphalan, 1202, 1202f additional actions of, 481 486–487 nitroglycerin, 524–526 chemical classification of classical, No Observable Effect Level (NOEL), nitroimidazoles, 1128, 1129t, 1134f 470t 1359 benznidazole, 1135 SAID, 470–472 norepinephrine (NE), 136, 175, 421, metronidazole, 1128, 1131, eicosanoids and, 467–468 1304, 1304t 1133–1134 in food animals, 1370 novobiocin, 930–931 ronidazole, 1135 and glucocorticoids, 735f, 748 noxious stimulus, 181 secnidazole, 1135 history of, 469–470 Noyes–Whitney equation, 106 tinidazole, 1134–1135 for ocular inflammation, 1326, 1326t NSAIDs. see nonsteroidal nitroprusside, 524–526 pharmacodynamics antiinflammatory drugs nitrosoureas, 1202 central sites and mechanisms of nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, nitrosteroids, 749 action of, 480–481, 482t 704–705 nitrous oxide efficacy, potency, and sensitivity of nucleoside analogs analgesic actions of, 224 COX inhibition, 478–480 acyclovir and valacyclovir, biotransformation, 231 inhibition of COX and 5-LO, 1010–1012 cardiovascular actions of, 232 477–478, 478t cidofovir, ganciclovir, and cerebral blood flow, in, 232 pharmacokinetics of, 472t valganciclovir, 1013 CNS, effects of, 231–232 absorption, 472 cytarabine and vidarabine, 1014 kidney, effects of, 232 distribution, 472–473 idoxuridine and trifluridine, liver, effects of, 232 drug residues, 476–477 1013–1014 potency of, 231 excretion and metabolism penciclovir and famciclovir, respiratory system, effects of, 232 (elimination), 473–476 1012–1013 vapor pressure of, 228t species differences in, 474, 475t ribavirin, 1014 nitrovasodilators, 524–526 terminal half-life of, 474t zidovudine, PMEA, and lamivudine, adverse effects, 526 for respiratory diseases, 1313–1314 1014–1015 clinical uses, 525–526 selection of dose and dose regimen, nucleoside reverse transcriptase mechanism of action, 524 81 inhibitor (NRTI), 1014 pharmacokinetics, 524 therapeutic uses of nutraceuticals, 439 tolerance, 526 acute pain and inflammation, nystatin, 1010 nitroxynil, 1087–1088, 1087f 487–488, 488t administration of, 1088 antihemostatic actions of aspirin, O chemical structure of, 1087f 489 occupancy theory, 74 mechanism of action, 1088 antipyresis, 489 Occupational Safety pharmacokinetic behavior, 1088 calf and piglet scours, 491 andHealthAdministration side effects, 1088 cancer, 489–490 (OSHA), 1199 nizatidine, 1256–1257, 1256t chronic pain, 488–489 oclacitinib, 1233 Nizoral, 754 mastitis, metritis, and clinical use, 1233 NK-1 receptor antagonists, 1248–1249 endotoxemia, 490 mechanism of action, 1233 adverse effects, 1249 neurodegenerative diseases, 491 pharmacokinetics, 1233 clinical use, 1249 ophthalmic uses, 491 safety and adverse effects, 1233 pharmacokinetics, 1248–1249 respiratory diseases, 490–491 octreotide, 661–662 N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA toxicity of ocular globe, 1321 receptor), 172, 178 bone, tendon, and ligament Office of Minor Use and Minor Species nociceptors, 168, 182 healing, 486 Animal Drug Development nonadrenal disorder management, cardiovascular system and blood (OMUMS), 1422–1423 glucocorticoids for, 729 cells, 485–486 Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation nonadrenergic–noncholinergic gastrointestinal, 482–484 (ONADE), 1454 (NANC) fibers, 121 hepatotoxicity, 485 oil/gas partition coefficient of nonadrenergic–noncholinergic local irritancy, 484 anesthetics, 219 neurons, 121 nervous system, 487 ointments, 1322 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

oleandomycin, 913 chemical properties, 290t therapeutic uses in animals, 282t oligodendrocytes, 178 clinical pharmacology United States drug scheduling of, omega interferon, 1020 analgesia, 291 283t omeprazole, 1258–1259, 1258t, 1262, as anesthetic, 291 orbifloxacin, 954t 1433 as antidiarrheal drug, 291 organophosphates, 1061–1062, 1170t, ondansetron, 176, 1247 antitussive use, 291 1180–1182 ophthalmic applications, of effects on temperature regulation, chemistry, 1181 glucocorticoids, 749 292 efficacy, 1181 ophthalmic pharmacology, 1321 in patients with head trauma, mechanism of action, 1181 anatomy and physiology related to, 292 safety/toxicity, 1181–1182 1321 in treatment of congestive heart oritavancin, 936 corticosteroid formulations, 1325t failure, 291 ormetoprim, 1153f, 1154 drug levels in tissues, factors contraindications, warnings, and pharmacokinetics of, 804t influencing drug interactions, 292–294 oseltamivir, 1015–1016 administration factors, 1322–1323 for diarrhea, 1264–1265, 1264t adverse effects, 1016 drug factors, 1322 dose, 312t clinical use, 1016 ocular factors, 1321–1322 emetic properties, 288–289 osmotic compensation, 604 glaucoma and, 1323–1325 in food-producing animals, 294 osmotic diuretics, 603–605 infections and, 1326–1329 history of, 281 absorption and elimination of, inflammation and, 1325–1326 interactions between, 292 603–604 lacrimogenics, 1329 with drug clearance, 293 adverse effects of, 604 local anesthetics, 1330–1331 with other analgesics and chemistry/formulations of, 603 mydriatics and cycloplegics, 1330 antidepressants, 293–294 contraindications of, 604 topical administration, 1322, in nonmammal species, 311–313, drug interactions of, 604 1323t 312t mechanisms and sites of action, opiate antagonists, 1253–1254 partial and mixed, 304–308 603 opioid peptides, 177 buprenorphine, 304–306 therapeutic uses of, 604–605 opioids, 437 butorphanol, 307 Ostwald ripening, 90 advantage of, 281 nalbuphine, 308 ototoxicity, aminoglycosides and, 884 adverse effects of, 281 nalorphine, 308 outsourcing facility, 1431 agonists pentazocine, 308 Ovagen, 678t alfentanil, 303 pharmacodynamics, 285–290 Overnight Rapid Beef Identification apomorphine, 304 antitussive effect, 288 Test (ORBIT), 1472 carfentanil, 303–304 cardiovascular effects, 287–288 over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, 1430 codeine, 298 central nervous system excitation, ovulation induction, gonadorelin for, etorphine, 303–304 286 676 fentanyl, 300–303 gastrointestinal effects, 288–289 Ovuplant, 676 heroin, 298–299 gastrointestinal motility, 289 oxantel, 1058, 1059 hydrocodone, 297–298 immune system effects, 290 oxazepam, behavioral responses of, hydromorphone, 296–297 respiratory depression, 285 426–427 meperidine (pethidine), 300 supraspinal pathways, 285 oxazolidinones, 940 methadone, 299–300 tolerance and dependence, 290 adverse effects, 940 morphine, 294–296 urinary tract, 289 clinical use, 940 oxycodone, 298 pharmacokinetics of, 287t, 290–291 drug interactions, 940 oxymorphone, 297 physiology of, 282–285 oxfendazole, 1036f, 1049. see also propoxyphene, 304 potency of, 296t benzimidazoles remifentanil, 303 as preanesthetics, 187, 1302 oxibendazole, 1049 sufentanil, 303 receptor density in different species, oxidation, 92 antagonists 312t Oxoject, 681 central, 309 receptor types and their associated oxolinic acid, 1385 diprenorphine, 309 effects, 284t oxybarbiturates, 248 nalmefene, 308 role in analgesia, 281, 285–286 oxyclozanide, 1089f, 1091, 1092f naloxone, 308 routes of administration oxygen carrier, 585 naltrexone, 308 epidural, 311 oxyglobin, 586–587 peripheral, 309 periheral, 311 oxymetazoline, 1315 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

oxytetracycline, 859f, 859t, 867–868, penems. see carbapenems and controversies 1140, 1327 penetration-enhancing vehicles, 1434 anabolic steroids, 1445–1446 in aquatic animals, 1381, 1384, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), 826 furosemide, 1444–1445 1386–1397 penicillin G, 1360 recombinant products, 1446 pharmacokinetic parameters of, 862t penicillins, 11 drug testing process, 1440 oxytocin, 668, 678t, 680–681 adverse effects, 836 detection, 1442 adverse reactions and side effects, aminopenicillins, 829, 834–835 extraction, 1441 681 dosages for, 835t overview, 1442–1443 clinical uses of, 681 elimination of, 835 referee sample analysis, function of, 680 formulations of, 835 1443–1444 mechanism of action, 681 antimicrobial activity, 829–830 sample type, 1440–1441 structure of, 680 antistaphylococcal, 829, 835 separation process, 1441–1442 β-lactamase inhibitors, 836–838 regulatory agencies and stakeholder P extended-spectrum, 829–830, organizations, 1439 pachycurares, 199 835–836 nonracing drug and medication paclitaxel, 1211, 1211f general pharmacology, 828–829 rules, 1440 pain, 181 structure, 829, 829f racing animals, 1439–1440 acute, 182 unitage, 828–829 thresholds, reporting levels, and amantadine for, 1017 natural, 829, 834 cutoffs, 1444, 1444t in animals, 181–182 formulations, 833t, 834 withdrawal times, factors affecting, chronic, 182–183 penicillin G, 834 1444 mechanisms of, 182–183, 182f penicillin V, 834 peripheral nociceptors, 168 Palladia, 773 pharmacokinetics, 830, 832t, periventricular nucleus (PVN) pancuronium, 197, 198, 200 833–834, 833t neurons, 731 characteristics of, 199t absorption, 830, 833 permeability coefficient, 10 paraherquamide, 1069 distribution, 833–834 permethrin, 1169t, 1179 parasympathetic nervous system elimination, 833 pesticides, 1408 (PSNS), 113, 115f–116f, metabolism, 834 pet food adverse events, reporting of, 116–119, 117t, 120–121, 151 special species considerations, 836 1452 ganglionic nicotinic receptors, 121 susceptibility testing, 830, 831t Pet Food EarlyWarning and parasympatholytics, for ocular disease, pentamidine isethionate, 1157f, 1158 Surveillance System (PFEWSS), 1330 Pentastarch (PEN), 582t 1452 parasympathomimetics, 151 pentavalent antimonials, 1135–1136, PF1022A, 1070 for glaucoma, 1325 1136f PG600, 678t for ocular disease, 1329 meglumine antimonate, 1136 P-glycoprotein (P-gp), 12, 179, 1196, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 561 sodium stibogluconate, 1136, 1136f 1334–1335 receptors, 596 pentazocine, 308 efflux pump, 994 parecoxib, 470, 471f pentobarbital, 248, 249f, 249t, 250 macrocyclic lactones and, paromomycin, 891, 1138–1139, 1138f adverse effects on fetus and 1105–1106 paroxetine, 433 neonates, 252 in oral drug absorption, 1334 partition coefficients of API, 91 cardiovascular activity of, 250 substrates, 1341t parturition delivery mode of, 250 pharmaceutic principles prostaglandins analogs for, 681 dose of, 254t active pharmaceutical ingredient reproductive hormonal drugs for, duration of action of, 250 (API), characteristics of, 87–88, 686 euthanasia solutions, 250 88f parvaquone, 1141f, 1143 regulatory information, 250t formulation challenges, 87 P450 assays, 1354 pentoxifylline, 1307 pharmacodynamics (PD), 65 patent term restoration, 1409 Pen Tsao, 3 alfaxalone, 268 Pausinystalia yohimbe, 144 Penzyme III, 1472 alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists, 353 pegvisomant, 662 peptides neurotransmitters, 176–177, benzodiazepines, 331–332 penciclovir, 1012–1013 176t, 177t butyrophenone, 329 adverse effects, 1013 Pepto Bismol®, 1263 dissociative anesthetics, 260–262 clinical use, 1013 perfluorochemicals, 585–586 dose and dosage regimen selection, pharmacokinetics, 1012–1013 performance animals, medication 81–83 spectrum of activity, 1012 control programs in, 1439 in vivo drug selectivity, 79f JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

dose titration designs, 77–78, 78f alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists, 352t ketoconazole, 994, 996 dose titration vs PK/PD modeling, alpha-2-adrenergic receptor lamivudine, 1015 78–79, 78f, 79f agonists, 343, 344t language of, 41–43 down-and up-regulation, 76 of aminoglycosides, 882–884 levamisole, 1056–1057 inhalation anesthetics, 222–232 barbiturates, 252–253 levetiracetam, 407 neurosteroid anesthetics, 268 behavior drugs, 416–419 lidocaine, 381 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory benzodiazepines (BZDs), 333t macrolide antibiotics, 917t, drugs, 480–481, 482t bromide, 410 918–920, 919t opioids, 285–290 butyrophenone, 329–330 methoxyflurane, 231 PK/PD model building, 79–81, cephalosporins, 840–843, 841t metomidate, 271 80f–81f chloramphenicol, 904–905, 905t, multicompartmental models, 52–53 fundamental differences between 906t mycophenolate, 1237 dose-ranging trial and, 79 cisapride, 1251–1252 neurosteroid anesthetics, 268, 268t in graded concentration response of clindamycin, 929t nitenpyram, 1173 relationship, 80–81 cyclosporine, 1230 nitrovasodilators, 524 Hill model, 80 dapsone, 1239 noncompartmental models, 53–55 limitation of, 84 definition, 41 nonlinear, 55–56 quantal concentration–response diazepam, 402–403 nonsteroidal antiinflammatory relationship, 80 digitalis, 509–510 drugs, 472–476, 472t rate of change of response over dissociative anesthetics, 262 oclacitinib, 1233 time, 80 dosage regimens, 57–62 one-compartment open model, stimulation or inhibition function, adjusting for disease, 60–62, 61f 44–48, 45f 80 constant-dose, interval-extension absorption in, 46–48, 47f PK/PD predictive indices, 82 method (IE), 61, 61f clearance, 45f population, 76–77 constant-interval, dose-reduction C-T profile, 47–48 population PK/PD, 83–84 (DR), 61 equilibrium compartments, 44 types of drug targets, 65–67, 66f dosage rate, 59 parameters of, 45–46, 46f pharmacogenetics, 1332, 1333 efficacy and safety, 60 semilogarithmic in clinical practice, 1341–1342 loading dose, 58 concentration-time profile for, of drug distribution, 1335–1337, maintenance dose, 58 45f 1336f relative dosage interval, 59 volume of distribution (Vd), of drug excretion, 1339–1340 drug passage across membranes, 44–45 P-gp mediated biliary excretion, 10–12 opioids, 287t, 290–291 1339–1340 enflurane, 231 penciclovir, 1012–1013 solute carrier-mediated renal etomidate, 265–266 penicillins, 830, 832t, 833–834, 833t excretion, 1340 famciclovir, 1012–1013 phenobarbital, 253 of drug metabolism, 1337–1339 fipronil, 1171 phenothiazines, 325 canine, CYP polymorphisms in, florfenicol, 909–911, 910t phenytoin, 400 1338 fluconazole, 997 physiological-based CYP polymorphisms in other flumazenil, 338 pharmacokinetic (PBPK) species, 1338 fluoroquinolones, 958, 959t–964t, modeling, 57 Phase II metabolic enzymes, 965–987 pimobendan, 516 1338–1339 fluralaner, 1174–1175 population, 56–57 of drug receptors, 1340 fundamental axioms of, 8–10 praziquantel, 1083–1085, 1084f future directions, 1342 gabapentin, 406 primidone, 399 and idiosyncratic reactions, 1340 griseofulvin, 988–989 propofol, 257 of oral drug absorption, 1334–1335, guaifenesin, 355 and residues, 1473–1476 1335f half-life, 44 rifampin/rifampicin, 932, 932t and protein binding, 1340–1341 halothane, 230 of sulfonamides, 800–805, pharmacogenomics, 1332. see also imepitoin, 402 801t–804t pharmacogenetics imidacloprid, 1172 terbinafine, 1006–1007 pharmacokinetics (PK), 65 interspecies extrapolations, 62–63, tetrahydropyrimidines, 1059–1060 acyclovir, 1011 62f theophylline, 1308, 1309t afoxalaner, 1174 itraconazole, 1001 thiopental, 252–253 alfaxalone, 268, 268t ketamine, 262 tramadol, 310t, 311 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

pharmacokinetics (PK) (Continued) medical record, 1436 CNS effects, 324–325 tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), storage and security, 1436 musculoskeletal effects, 325 429–430 prescription writing, 1437, 1437t pharmacokinetics and two-compartment open model, unapproved drugs available by metabolism, 325 48–52 importation, 1435–1436 respiratory effects, 325 absorption in, 51 Phased Review process, 1421–1422 platelet aggregation, effect of, 325 clearance, 51 Administrative NADA, 1422 promazine hydrochloride, 326–327, data analysis and limitations, presubmission conference, 1422 327f 51–52 protocol development meetings, regulatory information, 328 volumes of distribution, 50–51 1422 species differences, 327–328 valacyclovir, 1011 standard operating procedures thermoregulation with, 325 voriconazole, 1003–1005 (SOPs), 1422 veterinary approved products, 328 zidovudine, 1014–1015 study documentation and phenothizaine, 1062 zonisamide, 408–409 submission, 1422 phenothrin, 1179 pharmacology study protocols, 1422 phenoxybenzamine, 143 definition of, 3 submissions, 1422 2-phenoxyethanol, 392 history of, 3–4 pheasants, amprolium for, 1144 phentolamine, 143 regulations and standards, 5–6 phenamidine isethionate, 1157f, 1158 phenylbutazone, 11, 474t veterinary, 4–7 phencyclidine, 260f phenylephrine, 136 pharmacopeia, 3 phenobarbital, 248, 249f, 249t, 250, phenylpropanolamine (PPA), pharmacovigilance, 1449–1453. see 395–399 1315–1316 also Center for Veterinary adverse effects phenytoin, 250, 400–401 Medicine (CVM) association with blood disorder, clinical use, 400 Pharmacy Compounding 398 mechanism of action, 400 Accreditation Board (PCAB), on corticosteroid metabolism, 398 pharmacokinetics, 400 1435 on fetus and neonates, 252 therapeutic drug monitoring, 401 pharmacy, veterinary, 1427, 1428t on hormone levels, 398 phosmet dips, 1181 classification of drugs on liver, 397–398 phosphodiesterase enzyme, 1308

compounded drugs, 1430 clinical monitoring, 399 phospholipase A2 (PLA2), inhibition controlled substances, 1430 clinical use, 398–399 of, 734 drug, definition of, 1429 dose of, 254t photolysis, 92 legend (prescription) drugs, drug interactions, 397 photophobia, 118 1429–1430 mechanism of action, 396 pH partitioning phenomenon, 10–11, over-the-counter pharmacokinetics of, 253, 396–397 11f (nonprescription) drugs, 1430 regulatory information, 250t PhRMa website, 1412 VFD drug, 1430 phenolphthalein, 1270 physiologically based pharmacokinetic compounded drugs phenothiazine, 1245, 1246t (PBPK) modeling, 57, 1353 current status of, 1430–1432 phenothiazines, 175, 179, 186–187, physostigmine, 158–159 potential problems from, 324–328 phytonadione, 637 1432–1434 acepromazine maleate, 326, 327f pigeons, ronidazole for, 1135 transdermal medications for pets, analgesic activity of, 326 pigs 1434–1435 as antiemetic, 326 acepromazine in, 328 veterinarians and veterinary antihistamine properties of, 326 antimicrobials for diarrhea in, pharmacists, guidelines for, 1435 chemistry, 324 1266–1267 drug dispensing labeling chlorpromazine hydrochloride, 327, dissociative anesthetics in, 264 requirements, 1436–1437 327f florfenicol for, 911 extralabel use contraindications, 328 fluoroquinolones for, 973–974 drugs prohibited for, 1429t drug interactions, 328 macrocyclic lactones for, 1112 regulatory discretion for, 1427 hematocrit of animals, effect of, 326 ponazuril for, 1151 requirements for, 1429t indications, 324 propofol in, 258 legal extralabel use, need for, mechanism of action, 324 toltrazuril for, 1150 1427–1429 overdose/acute toxicity, 328 trimethoprim–sulfadiazine for, 815 prescribing controlled substances, phototoxicity properties of, 326 pilocarpine, 157 1436 physiological effects for ocular disease, 1329 inventory records, 1436 cardiovascular effects, 325 pimecrolimus, 1232 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

pimobendan, 513–516 PMEA, 1014–1015 febantel and, 1083 adverse effects, 516 adverse effects, 1015 formulations, 1083 clinical application, 514–515 clinical use, 1015 mode of action, 1083 formulations and dosing, 516 poikilothermic animals, 1354 pharmacokinetics of, 1083–1085, mechanism of action, 515–516 Poison Prevention Packaging Act, 1084f pharmacokinetics, 516 1436–1437 pyrantel, oxantel and, 1083 pinocytosis, 693 polyenes, for ocular infections, 1328 safety, 1085 piperacillin–tazobactam, 836, polyether ionophores, 1146–1147, prazosin, 143, 157, 522 838 1147f, 1368–1369 preanesthetic medications, 186

piperazine, 1062–1063, 1063f lasalocid, 1147–1148, 1147f α2-adrenergic drugs, 187 dosages, 1062–1063 maduramicin, 1147f, 1148 dissociative drugs, 187 mode of action, 1062 monensin, 1147f, 1148 drug classes for, 186t safety and toxicity, 1063 narasin, 1147f, 1148 drug combinations, 187 piperonyl butoxide, 1171 salinomycin, 1149 hypnotic-sedatives, 187 piromidic acid, 1386 semduramicin, 1147f, 1148–1149 opioids, 187 piroxicam, 1213 PolyHeme, 587 parasympatholytic (anticholinergic) Pitocin, 678t, 681 polyhexamethylene biguanide drugs, 187–188 pituitary hormones, 649–668, (PHMB), 784 tranquilizer-sedatives, 186–187 651t polymorphisms, 89, 1333, 1337–1338 prednisolone, 740, 740t, 741f, 1214, anterior, 649–665, 650t polymyxins, 938–939 1269 adrenocorticotropin, 651–655 ponazuril, 1150–1151 for feline asthma, 1311 corticotropin-releasing hormone, population pharmacokinetics, 1352 prednisone, 740t, 741f, 1269 649–651 posaconazole, 1005–1006 pregabalin, 406–407 glycoprotein hormones and postantibiotic effect (PAE), 878 premature ventricular contraction associated releasing hormones, Postapproval Experience (PAE) (PVCs), 84 655–661 section, 1454 preprothyrotropin-releasing hormone melatonin, 655 Postapproval Monitoring Programs (preproTRH), 655 somatomammotropins and (PAMPs), 1455 prescription, 1437 regulatory hormones, 661–665 postsynaptic processes, 171 for controlled substances, 1437t posterior, 665–668 potassium, 565–569 for noncontrolled substances, 1437t antidiuretic hormone, 665–667 disorders of balance, 566–569 writing of, 1437, 1437t oxytocin, 668 homeostasis, 565–566 prescription drugs, 1429–1430 pivampicillin, 835 renal regulation of excretion of, 566 presynaptic processes, 168, 170–171, planar chromatography, 1441 potassium clavulanate, 837 170f plasma potassium iodide, 716t, 1008, 1314 Primer on the Autonomic Nervous cations and anions in, potassium peroxymonosulfate System, 113 concentrations of, 557t (PPMS), 785 primidone, 399–400 hypertonicity, 558 potency adverse effects, 400 plasma hormone binding, of thyroid of drugs, 69–70, 69f, 70f clinical efficacy, 399–400 hormones, 698 of inhaled anesthetic, 222 clinical use, 400 plasma membrane transporters, potentiated sulfonamides, 813 pharmacokinetics, 399 thyroid hormones translocated sulfadimethoxine–ormetoprim, 816 therapeutic monitoring, 400 by, 704 trimethoprim–sulfachlorpyridazine, probenecid, 834 plasma protein binding, 24–25 815 pro-benzimidazoles assessment of, 25 trimethoprim–sulfadiazine, administration routes, 1050 covalent binding, 24, 26 813–815 anthelmintic spectrum, 1047–1049 displacement with, 24–25 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, chemistry of, 1035–1037, 1036f dissociation in, 24 815 disposition kinetics and efficacy of, hydrogen bonding, 25 pradofloxacin, 953, 954t, 955, 955f 1050–1053 noncovalent binding, 24 for dogs and cats, 970 drug transfer into target parasites, plasma volume, in animals, 556t pranlukast, 1314 1046–1047 plasmin, 628 praziquantel, 1082–1085 febantel, 1048 pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO), 717, chemical structure of, 1082f formulations of, 1050, 1053 1434 dosage of, 1083 netobimin, 1048 p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, 178 and epsiprantel, 1085, 1086f pharmacodynamics, 1037 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

pro-benzimidazoles (Continued) dose, 259 purine analogues, for ocular pharmacokinetics induction dose and constant rate infections, 1329 in nonruminant species, infusion dose, 259t purines, 177 1044–1046 drug availability, 259 pyrantel, 1058–1061, 1059f. see also in ruminant species, 1037–1044 drug interactions, 259 tetrahydropyrimidines withdrawal times, safety, and history, 255 pyrethrins and pyrethroids, 1170t, toxicity, 1053–1054 mechanism of, 256 1178–1180 procainamide, 547 metabolism, 257–258 chemistry, 1178 procaine, 384 overdosage/acute toxicity, 259 efficacy, 1179–1180 procaine penicillin G, 834 pharmacokinetics of, 257 fifth-generation pyrethroids, 1179 procarbazine (PCB), 1203–1204, physiological effects first-generation pyrethroids, 1179 1204f antioxidant effects, 257 formulations, 1178 prochlorperazine, 1245, 1246t cardiovascular effects, 256–257 fourth-generation pyrethroids, 1179 product defects, 1451 CNS effects, 256 mechanism of action, 1178–1179 reporting of, 1451 muscular effects, 257 pharmacokinetics, 1178 production enhancement drugs, 1366t, nausea and vomiting, 257 pyrethroid ether, 1179–1180 1368–1369 respiratory effects, 257 safety/toxicity, 1180 progesterone, 678t preparation of, 256 second-generation pyrethroids, 1179 progestins, 678t, 683–684 regulatory information, 259 third-generation pyrethroids, 1179 Proglycem, 773 species differences, 258–259 pyridinols, 1143 proinsulin, 763, 764f structure, 255f pyridostigmine, 158–159 prokinetic drugs, 1250 syndrome, 258 for reversal of neuromuscular bethanechol, 1252 withdrawal times, 259 blockade, 210 cisapride, 1251–1252 propoxyphene, 304 pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), 172 domperidone, 1251 propranolol, 145, 146, 546 pyrimethamine, 1153f, 1154–1155 erythromycin, 1253 propylthiouracil (PTU), 716, 716t pyrimidine analogues, for ocular

H2-receptor antagonists, 1253 Proscar, 678t, 685 infections, 1328–1329 lidocaine, 1253 prostaglandin analogues, for pyriproxyfen, 1174, 1183 metoclopramide, 1250 glaucoma, 1324 neostigmine, 1252–1253 prostaglandin (PG)H synthase, 467 Q opiate antagonists, 1253–1254 prostaglandins, 678t quaternary ammonium compounds prolactin (PRL), 664–665, 679–680 analogs, 681–682 (QACs), 781 drugs affects, 680 adverse reactions, 682 quinaldine sulfate, 392 mechanism of, 679 clinical uses of, 681–682 quinidine, 547–548 regulation of, 679 protamine sulfate, 632 quinolones, in aquatic animals, structure and function of, 679 proteomics, 1354, 1355 1385–1386 therapeutic uses, 680 prothrombin time (PT), 628 prolactin-inhibitory hormone, 651t proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), R prolactin-releasing hormone, 651t 1258–1261, 1258t rabacfosadine, 1215–1216 proliferative enteropathy, 1267 adverse effects, 1260–1261 rabbits promazine hydrochloride, 326–327, clinical use, 1259 alfaxalone and, 269 327f, 328 in dogs and cats, 1259–1260 diclazuril for, 1150 promethazine, 1246, 1246t in horses, 1260 dissociative anesthetics in, 264 proopiomelanocortin (POMC), 176 drug interactions, 1261 lasalocid for, 1148 propantheline, 162, 1264, 1264t, 1268, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, morphine and, 296 1310 1259 robenidine for, 1144 propantheline bromide, 543–544 proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), sulfonamides for, 1151 proparacaine, 384 594–595, 597–598, 597f rabeprazole, 1259 propofol, 138, 188, 255–259, 259t pseudoephedrine, 1315–1316 racing animals, medication rules for, adverse effects/contraindications, pseudomembranous colitis, 927, 929 1439–1440 258 pseudopregnancy, reproductive Racing Medication and Testing chemistry, 255 hormonal drugs for, 686 Consortium (RMTC), 1440 classification, 255–256 Publius Vegetius, 3 ractopamine, 1368 compatibilities and pulmonary edema, furosemide for, radioactive iodine (131I) therapy, 719 incompatibilities, 259 608–609 rafoxanide, 1089f, 1091, 1092f JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

ranitidine, 1256–1257, 1256t Drug Experiencing Reports, estrous cycle, 674–675 Rational Questionnaire (RQ), 1453 1423–1424 finasteride, 685 Rauwolfia root, 144 prescription (Rx) products, 1420 follicle-stimulating hormone, 679 RBC volume, in animals, 556t veterinary feed directive drugs gonadorelin, 676–677 receptor internalization, 171 (VFD), 1420 gonadotropin-releasing hormone, receptor reserve, 74 Regumate, 678t, 683 676 receptors, 172, 173t, 174 remifentanil, 303 gonadotropins, 677–679 neurotransmitters and, 171–172 renal elimination, 26–32 human chorionic gonadotropin, agmatine, 177 of aminoglycoside antibiotics, 31 677–679 amines, 174–176 biotransformation, 30 overview, 674 amino acids, 172–174 clearance, 30–31 oxytocin, 680–681 endocannabinoids, 177 calculating, 30–31 progestins, 683–684 peptides, 176–177 para-amino hippurate (PAH), 32 prolactin, 679–680 purines, 177 determinants of, 27–30 prostaglandin analogs, 681–682 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, brush-border tubular membrane, steroid hormones, 682–685 72, 1214 28, 28f reptiles recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO), cellular structure of transport drugs for, 1396 1446 systems, 28, 28f fluoroquinolones for, 971 recombinant growth hormone (rGH), differences in urinary pH, 29 metronidazole for, 1134 1446 glomerular filtration barrier, resiniferatoxin, 168 Red Book, 1470 27–28, 28f resmethrin, 1179 Reglan, 680 mechanism of nonionic passive respiratory acidosis, 576–577, 576t regulation of animal drugs, 1407 tubular reabsorption, 29 respiratory alkalosis, 577, 577t FDA/CVM on, 1407 organic anion and organic cation respiratory stimulants, 1316 animal drugs, 1407 transporters, 28 Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid device, 1407–1408 mechanism of, 27–30 Tumors (RECIST), 1197 history of, 1408–1409, 1409t nephron, structure of, 26–27, 27f retinoid X receptor (RXR), 704 pesticides, 1408 physiology relevant to, 26–27 rheology, 92 veterinary biologics, 1408 of pinocytozed drugs, 29 ribavirin, 1014 Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic tubular secretion and reabsorption, ricobendazole, 1045, 1048 Act (FFDCA) on, 1407, 1408 31–32 rifampin/rifampicin, 931–934 amendments to, 1409–1411 renal epithelial sodium channel adverse effects, 933 international harmonization, inhibitors, 611–612 clinical use, 933–934 1425–1426 renal insufficiency, furosemide for, 608 interactions, 932–933 laws, regulations, and guidance, renal vasculature, anatomy of, 598f mechanism of action and spectrum, 1408 renin–angiotensin–aldosterone 931–932 minor use/minor species, drugs for, system (RAAS), 597–600, 599f pharmacokinetics, 932, 932t 1422–1423 repellents, 1184 rifaximin, 1265 new animal drug, 1408, 1431–1432 replacement therapy, glucocorticoids, rimantadine, 1016–1017 challenges in development of, 744–745 Risk Minimization Action Plans 1411–1412 Reportable Food Registry (RFR), 1452 (RiskMAPs), 1455 premarket evaluation of, reproductive hormonal drugs, uses of, rivaroxaban, 636–637, 636t 1411–1412 686–687 robenacoxib, 470, 471f New Animal Drug Applications for abortion, 686–687 robenidine, 1143–1144, 1143f (NADAs), 1407, 1412–1419 for benign prostatic hypertrophy, rocuronium, 198 abbreviated, 1420–1421 687 characteristics of, 199t components of, 1412–1419 for cryptorchidism, 687 rocuronium bromide (Zemuron), 201 Phased Review process, for parturition, 686 romifidine, 345f, 347, 347t 1421–1422 for pseudopregnancy, 686 in preanesthetic period, 187 over-the-counter (OTC) products, for superovulation, 686 ronidazole, 1135, 1266 1420 reproductive hormones, 674–687, 675t chemical structure of, 1134f postapproval monitoring of drugs, anabolic steroids, 684–685 clinical use, 1135 1423–1425 androgens, 684 ropivacaine (Naropin), 383–384 Adverse Drug Experience equine chorionic gonadotropin, 679 roxarsone, 1137 Reports, 1424–1425 estrogens, 682–683 rumen flukes, 1085 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

ruminants serotonin (5-HT), 421. see gross features of, 18, 18f barbiturate and, 254–255 5-hydroxytryptamine layers, 17–18 fluoroquinolones for, 973 agonists and antagonists, 463 medicated applications, 1293 macrocyclic lactones for, 1111–1112 metabolism, 460–461 dressings, 1294 metoclopramide for, 1250 neuronal uptake of, 461–462 lotions, 1294 morphine and, 296 pharmacological effects, 462–463 ointments, 1293–1294 RXR. see retinoid X receptor (RXR) physiological and pathological pastes, 1294 processes, 463 plasters, 1294 S side effects and interactions, 463 poultices, 1294 Safety Reporting Portal (SRP), 1452 sources, 460–461 powders, 1294 safety signal, 1453 subtypes, 462 suspension, 1294 salicylanilides, 1087, 1088 serotonin antagonists, 1247 percutaneous absorption closantel, 1088–1091 serotonin syndrome, 176 electrically assisted transdermal oxyclozanide, 1091 sertraline, 433–434 drug delivery, 1289 rafoxanide, 1091 seven transmembrane receptors (7TM factors affecting, 1287 saline cathartics, 1270, 1270t receptors), 72 penetration enhancers, saline expectorants, 1314 sevoflurane, 224 1287–1289 saline, hypertonic, 790 biotransformation, 229 principles of, 1283–1285, 1283f, salinomycin, 1149 cardiovascular actions of, 230 1284f Salmonella, 791, 1266 CNS, effect on, 229–230 pig, 1280–1281

Sandostatin, 773 CO2 absorbent stability, 229 stratum corneum, 18–19 sarcocystis, drugs for, 1131t respiratory system, effect on, 230 topical vehicles, 1285–1287, 1286f, saturated vapor pressure, 218 rubber or plastic/gas partition 1289 scopolamine, 160, 1245–1246 coefficient of, 219t adsorbents and protectives, 1289 secnidazole, 1135 solubility of, 218t astringents, 1290 sedation, 184 vapor pressure of, 228t caustics and escharotics, 1291 sedatives sheep demulcents, 1289–1290 alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists, alfaxalone effects on, 269 emollients, 1290, 1290t 349–354 decoquinate for, 1142 keratolytics, keratoplastics, and alpha-2-adrenergic receptor lasalocid for, 1148 antiseborrheics, 1291–1293

agonists, 338–349 vitamin K1 dose for, 638 rubefacients, irritants, and benzodiazepine antagonists, signal detection, at CVM, 1453 vesicants, 1291 336–338 sildenafil, 526–527 skin elasticity, and dehydration, benzodiazepine derivatives, silodosin, 143 561–562 330–336 sinus tachycardia, antiarrhythmic slugging, 106 butyrophenone, 328–330 agents for, 544–546 small intestinal bacterial overgrowth chloral hydrate, 357–358 sirolimus, 1232–1233 (SIBO), 1265 guaifenesin, 354–356 skin, 1278 SNARE proteins, 171 phenothiazines, 324–328 anatomy and histology, 1278–1279, soaker-type catheter, 370 selamectin, 1102, 1103f, 1175, 1177 1279f Society of Veterinary Hospital selective glucocorticoid receptor blood supply, 1280, 1281t Pharmacists, 1435 agonists (SEGRAs), 733, 734f, dermis, 1279f, 1280 sodium cromoglycate. see cromolyn 749 epidermis, 1279–1280, 1279f sodium–glucose cotransporters, selective glucocorticoid receptor avian, 1280 771 modulators (SEGRMs), 733, 734f as a barrier, 17–18, 18f sodium hypochlorite, 393, 783, 790 selective relaxant binding agent biochemistry sodium iodide, 1008 (SRBA), 210 drug biotransformation, sodium nitroprusside, 525 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 1281–1282 sodium o-phenylphenol, 786 (SSRIs), 176, 431–436, 433f energy production and utilization, sodium stibogluconate, 1136, 1136f adverse effects, 432–434 1281 “soft” steroids, 749–750 nonbehavior modifying effects, 432 lipid metabolism, 1282 solid-phase extraction (SPE), 1441 selectivity of drug, 70–72 protein metabolism, 1282 solute carrier (SLCs) proteins, 179 selegiline, 176, 435–436 cells, 17–18 solute carrier (SLC) transporters, semduramicin, 1147f, 1148–1149 cleansers, 789 1340 Sentinel Initiative, 1455–1456 dermis and appendages, 18 somatostatin, 661, 662t, 772–773 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

somatotropin (GH), 662–664 St John’s wort, 176 sulfaquinoxaline, 797f, 797t, 810–811, adverse effects of, 664 stool softeners, 1271 1151, 1152f function of, 663 streptokinase, 641 and hypoprothrombinemia, 806 porcine, 663 Streptomyces avermitilis, 1102 sulfasalazine, 811 secretion of, 662, 662t streptomycin, 879f for inflammatory bowel diseases, structure of, 662 stress supplementation, and 1267–1268, 1268f therapeutic use, 663–664 glucocorticoids, 747–748 sulfathiazole, 811 somatotropin-inhibitory hormone, strong ion difference (SID), 572–573 pharmacokinetics of, 811 651t Stuart–Prower factor, 627t sulfisoxazole, 812 somatotropin-releasing hormone, 651t substance P, 177 sulfonamides, 796 sotalol, 546, 550 succinylcholine, 197, 202–204 adverse effects, 805 spare receptors, 74 cardiovascular effects of, 207 acetylator status and, 806–807 spatial summation, 171 characteristics of, 199t blood clotting disorders, 806 species grouping, 1354 neuromuscular blocking effect of, blood dyscrasias, 806 specificity of drug, 70–72 205–206, 206f carcinogenesis, 807 spectinomycin, 939–940 side effects from, 203 crystalluria, 805 antimicrobial activity, 939 sucralfate, 1257–1258 diarrhea, 807 clinical use, 939–940 clinical use, 1258 hepatic necrosis, 806 pharmacokinetics, 939 drug interactions, 1258 hypersensitivity, 805–806 spheroblasts, 826 structure, 1257f keratoconjunctivitis sicca, 805 spinal and epidural anesthesia, Sucromate, 676 potassium regulation, 807 370–371 sufentanil, 303 skin reactions, 806 spinosad, 1174 sugammadex, for neuromuscular thyroid metabolism disorders, 806 spironolactone, 612–614 blockade reversal, 210–211 as antiprotozoan drugs, 1151, 1152f splash blocks, 370 sulbactam–ampicillin, 838 pharmacokinetics of, 800–805, Spot Test, 1472 sulfabromomethazine, 812 801t–804t SRP. see Safety Reporting Portal sulfachlorpyridazine, 812–813 distribution, 800, 802, 804 stability of drug, 92 sulfadiazine, 797f, 797t, 811–812, excretion, 805 stanazolol, 678t, 685 1151, 1152f metabolism, 804–805 Staphylococcus aureus, 788 pharmacokinetics of, 802t oral absorption, 800 static baths, 1377 sulfadimethoxine, 797f, 797t, 807–808, pharmacology of, 796–800 statistical tolerance limit procedure, 1151, 1152f clinical uses and microbial 1471 clinical use of, 808 susceptibility, 798–799 steady state blood concentrations, 31 formulations, 808 drug resistance, 799–800 stereochemistry of the API, 93 pharmacokinetics of, 807–808 interactions affecting stereoisomers, 71 sulfadimethoxine–ormetoprim, 816 antimicrobial activity, 799 sterilization, 782 in aquatic animals, 1384–1385, mechanism of action, 798, 798f steroid base, 741–742 1387–1388 susceptibility testing, 799 steroid hormones, 674, 682–685 sulfadimethoxine–sulfamethoxazole, potentiated, 813 anabolic steroids, 684–685 813 sulfadimethoxine–ormetoprim, estrogens, 682–683 sulfadimidine. see sulfamethazine 816 finasteride, 685 sulfadoxine, 797f, 797t, 1151, 1152f trimethoprim– mechanism of action of, 682 sulfaethoxypyridazine, 812 sulfachlorpyridazine, progestins, 683–684 sulfaguanidine, 797f, 1151, 1152f 815 testosterone, 684, 684f sulfamerazine, 811 trimethoprim–sulfadiazine, steroid implants, 1368 pharmacokinetics of, 811 813–815 steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) sulfamethazine, 797f, 808–810, 1151, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, protein, 730, 730f 1152f 815 steroid receptor isoforms, 735–736 pharmacokinetics of, 801t properties of, 797t steroid synthesis inhibitors, 751–755 sulfamethoxazole, 797f, 797t, 1151, residues in food animals, 816–817 Stewart’s acid–base analysis, 572–573, 1152f structure of, 797f 573t pharmacokinetics of, 802t in veterinary medicine, 807–813 Stilboestrol, 683 sulfanilamide, 796 sulfabromomethazine, 812 stimulant laxatives, 1270 sulfanitran, 1151, 1152f sulfachlorpyridazine, 812–813 stimulation or inhibition function, 80 Sulfa-on-Site (SOS) test, 1472 sulfadiazine, 811–812 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

sulfonamides (Continued) tachykinins, 177 dosages, 866t sulfadimethoxine, 807–808 tachyphylaxis, 76 doxycycline, 868–869 sulfaethoxypyridazine, 812 tacrolimus, 1232 formulations of, 864t sulfamerazine, 811 tamsulosin, 143 indications for, 858 sulfamethazine, 808–810 tapeworm infections, 1081. see also mechanism of action, 858 sulfaquinoxaline, 810–811 anticestodal drugs; minocycline, 859f, 859t, 869 sulfasalazine, 811 benzimidazoles nonantimicrobial uses of, 869–870 sulfathiazole, 811 targeted therapies, 1191 angular limb deformities in foals, sulfisoxazole, 812 TBG. see thyroxine-binding protein 870 sulfonylurea glipizide, 769f TCBZ. see triclabendazole arthritis, 870 sulfonylureas, 768–770, 769f, 769t tedizolid, 940 dermatology, 869–870 superovulation, reproductive teeth discoloration, tetracyclines and, for ocular infections, 1327 hormonal drugs for, 686 865 oxytetracycline, 859f, 859t, 867–868 surface disinfection, 782 Tegretol, 667 pharmacokinetic parameters of, surfactant, 94–95 telavancin, 936 862t surfactants, 1271 telazol, 187, 263–264 pharmacokinetic– Swab Test on Premises (STOP), 1472 dose, 263 pharmacodynamic properties, swine species differences, 263–264 860 etomidate in, 267 temodar. see temozolomide absorption, 860–861, 861t morphine in, 296 temozolomide, 1203, 1203f distribution, 861–864 thiopental in, 255 temperature-sensitive thermogels, excretion and elimination, 864 xylazine in, 345 1460 metabolism, 864 sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), temporal summation, 171 protein binding, 860t 113 teratogen, 1471 resistance to, 859 sympathetic nervous system (SNS), terazosin, 143 structure of, 858, 859f 113, 117t, 131, 600 terbinafine, 1006–1007 susceptibility testing, 859–860 anatomy of, 119–120 adverse effects, 1007 breakpoints for, 860t “fight-or-flight” response, 114 clinical use, 1007 tetracycline, 859f, 859t, 867 preganglionic and postganglionic pharmacokinetics, 1006–1007 tetrahydropyrimidines, 1058–1061 anatomical relationships of spectrum of activity, 1006 anthelmintic spectrum, 1060–1061 nerves, 120f terbutaline, 1305 chemistry, 1058–1059, 1059f SNS-induced physiological testosterone, 684, 684f dosages, 1060 responses, 113–115 tetanus toxin, 171 formulations, 1060 sympathomimetics, 131–132 tetracaine (Amethocaine), 384 mode of action, 1059 chemical structures of, 132f tetracycline antibiotics, 858, 859f, pharmacokinetics, 1059–1060 dobutamine, 513 859t, 867 routes of administration, 1060 dopamine, 513 adverse effects safety and toxicity, 1061 for ocular disease, 1330 allergy, 865 tetramisole, 1054 synaptic vesicles, 170 esophageal lesions, 865 tetroxoprim, 804t synaptosomal nerve-associated gastrointestinal microflora theileriosis, 1143 proteins (SNAPs), 122 changes, 865 drugs for, 1130t synergists, 1183–1184 hepatic disease, 865 theophylline, 1307–1310, 1308t, 1309t. SynergizeTM, 785 interactions, 865 see also methylxanthines synthetic L-thyroxine. see IV administration, risks from, therapeutic drug monitoring, 77 levothyroxine 865–866 therapeutic index, 77, 1191 synthetic prostaglandins, 1261–1262 outdated products and, 865 therapeutic window, 72, 77 synthetic vitamin K, structure of, 633f photosensitivity, 865 thermal degradation, 92 Syntocinon, 678t, 681 problems in young animals, 865 thiabendazole, 1048, 1054 systemic inflammatory response renal tubular necrosis, 865 thiacetarsamide sodium, 1064 syndrome (SIRS), 583–584 antimicrobial spectrum and clinical thiamine analogues, 1144 uses, 864–865 thiamphenicol, 908–909 T as antiprotozoan drugs, 1140 thiamylal, 249t, 250 tableting processes, 106 chemical and physical properties of, thiazide, 610–611 tachyarrhythmias, antiarrhythmic 859t thiazidelike, 610–611 agents for, 544–550 chlortetracycline, 866–867 thiazolidinediones, 770 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

thin layer chromatography (TLC), cytosolic binding proteins, 704 alpha and beta subunits of, 658 1441 extranuclear actions, 705 binding of, 658 thiobarbiturates, 188, 248, 252, 253, nuclear thyroid hormone chemistry of, 657 254, 291, 301, 390 receptors, 704–705 concentration of, effects of drugs on, thiopental, 248, 249–250, 249f, 249t plasma membrane transporters, 660–661 cardiovascular effects, 251 704 glycosylation patterns, 660 dose of, 254t metabolism of, 695–698, 696f, 697f mechanism of action, 658 pharmacokinetics of, 252–253 clearance rate, 699, 700t preparation of, 658–659 pH of, 253 compartmental model of, 699f protocols for, 659t regulatory information, 250t drug effect on, 701–703 stimulation test, 659–660 thiophanate, 1039 extrathyroidal factors affects, structural homology, 660 thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), 699–703 thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), 1235–1237, 1339 illness and malnutrition effect, 655–657 thiostrepton, 931 699–701 diagnosis of hypothyroidism thioureylenes/thionamides, 715–719, pathways of, 696f in cats, 657 715f monitoring therapy with, 713–714 in dogs, 656–657 medical options to, 718–719 myxedema coma treatment, in horse, 657 thrombin inhibitors, 635–636 714–715 stimulation test, 656–657 thrombocytopenia, sulfonamides and, overdose effect of, 713 protocols for, 657t 806 peripheral action of, 696f thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA), thromboelastography (TEG) test, 629 physiologic and pharmacologic 698 thyroglobulin (Tg), 693 effects of, 705–708, 706t thyroxine-binding protein (TBG), 698 thyroid calorigenesis and ticarcillin, 836 antithyroid drugs, 715–719, 715f, thermoregulation, 705 ticarcillin–clavulanate, 836, 838 716t cardiovascular effects, 707 ticlopidine, 640 factors altering function of dermatological effects, 706 tigecycline, 858, 859 illness and malnutrition effect, dermatologic effects, 706 tigers, dissociative anesthetics, effects 699–701 endocrine effects, 708 of, 263 imaging of, 720 gastrointestinal effects, 707 tiletamine, 187, 260, 260f physiology of, 691–699 growth and maturation effects, adverse effects/contraindications, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid 705–706 263 axis, 694–695, 695f hematologic effects, 708 tilmicosin, 912t, 922 iodine metabolism, 691–693 immunologic effects, 708 chemical structures of, 914f metabolic clearance rate, 699 lipid and carbohydrate pharmacokinetics of, 917t plasma hormone binding of metabolism, 706 timolol maleate, 148 thyroid hormone, 698 neuromuscular effects, 707 tincture of iodine, 783 thyroid hormone metabolism, reproductive effects, 707 tinidazole, 1134–1135, 1266 695–698, 696f, 697f plasma hormone binding of, 698 chemical structure of, 1134f thyroid hormone secretion, preparations of, 708–715 clinical use, 1134–1135 693–694 crude products, 708 tissue residue depletion studies, thyroid hormone synthesis, 692f, synthetic L-thyroxine, 708–712 1420–1421 693 synthetic L-triiodothyronine, tissue solubility of anesthetics, 219 tissue thyroid hormone uptake, 712–713 tissue-type plasminogen activator 698–699 secretion of, 693–694 (t-PA), 641 thyroid hormones, 691–719 synthesis of, 692f, 693 tobramycin, 890 analogs, relative nuclear binding therapeutic failure, 714 structure of, 879f affinity of, 703t therapeutic trial for hypothyroidism, toceranib, 1197, 1214–1215, 1214f antithyroid drugs, 715–719, 715f, 713 toceranib phosphate, 773 716t thyroid physiology, 691–699 α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 cellular localization of, 697f uptake of, 698–699 succinate (TPGS), 96 hyperthyroidism, 691 thyroid peroxidase (TPO), 693 tolazoline, 144, 351–353, 351f, 353t, hypothyroidism, 691 thyroid-response element (TRE), 704 354 mechanism of action of thyroid scintigraphy, 718 tolerance, 76, 1470–1471 clinical effect correlation with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), tolfenamic acid, 471f cellular actions, 703–704 651t, 657–661, 692f, 694–695 toltrazuril, 1149f, 1150 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

 Index

topical anesthesia, 370 chemical structure and metabolic tylosin-responsive diarrhea, 1265 total body water (TBW), 556, 556t pathways, 1094f tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 1214–1215 total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) combined formulations, 1096 masitinib, 1215 techniques, 247 in lactating animals, 1096–1097 toceranib, 1214–1215, 1214f Toxicologie Generale, 4 pharmacokinetics of, 1094–1095, toxoplasmosis, drugs for, 1130t 1095f U TPO. see thyroid peroxidase resistance to, 1096, 1096f UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UGT) tramadol, 176, 309–311, 310t, 312, sulfoxide metabolite of, 1094, 1095 enzymes, 1338 438–439 triclosan, 786 ulceration, gastrointestinal, 1254–1262 as antitussive, 1304 tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), ulcerative colitis, in dogs, 1266 drug availability, 311 428–431, 429f unfractionated heparin (UFH), 629 efficacy of, 310 adverse effects, 430–431 unitarytheoryofnarcosis,185 mode of administration, 309 pharmacokinetic properties, United States Department of pharmacokinetics and metabolism 429–430 Agriculture (USDA), 1350, 1470, of, 311 trifluoroacetic acid, 230 1471 uses, 309 trifluridine, 1013–1014 United States Equestrian Federation tranquilizers, as preanesthetic drug, trilostane, 752f, 753 (USEF), 1440, 1444 186–187 trimethoprim, 1152–1154, 1153f United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 4, transduction, 168 pharmacokinetics of, 803t 5, 1431, 1435, 1451 transient receptor potential vallinoid trimethoprim–sulfachlorpyridazine, up-regulation, 76 (TRPV) family of receptors, 168 815 ureidopenicillins, 836 transmissible spongiform trimethoprim–sulfadiazine, 813–815 urethane, 271f encephalopathies (TSE), 96 for bacterial skin infections, 814 carcinogenicity, 271 transpeptidation reaction, 826 for cattles, 815 chemistry, 271 transthyretin (TTR), 698, 704 clinical uses, 814 dose, 271 Transylol, 642 for dogs and cats, 814–815 drug availability, 271 trazodone, 434–435 dosage, 814 history, 270 trenbolone, 1368 formulations, 813 mechanism of action, 271 trenbolone acetate, 685 for horses, 814 metabolism, 271 triamcinolone, 740t, 741f for pigs, 815 physiological effects, 271 triamterene, 611–612 for urinary tract infections, 814 regulatory information, 271 triazine derivatives, 1149, 1149f trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, 815 urokinase, 641 diclazuril, 1149–1150, 1149f trimethoprim–sulfonamides, 798–799 ursodeoxycholic acid, 1271 ponazuril, 1150–1151 Trusopt, 601 US Controlled Substances Act, 1970, toltrazuril, 1149f, 1150 trypanosomiasis, drugs for, 1129t 247 tribromoethanol, 272f TTR. see transthyretin US Department of Agriculture, adverse effects, 272 tubular secretory pathways, 31–32 1408 chemistry, 272 tubulin, 1037 USEF. see United States Equestrian dose, 272–273 tulathromycin, 912t, 922–923 Federation drug availability, 273 chemical structures of, 914f uterine contractions, prostaglandins history, 272 pharmacokinetics of, 917t analogs and, 681 mechanism of action, 272 turkeys uterine infections, prostaglandins physiology, 272 amprolium for, 1144 analogs for, 682 tricaine methanesulfonate, 273f, 392, diclazuril for, 1150 uterus, oxytocin function in, 680 1396 dinitolmide for, 1145 adverse effects, 273 halofuginone for, 1146 V chemistry, 273 lasalocid for, 1148 valacyclovir, 1010–1012 drug availability, 273 monensin for, 1148 adverse effects, 1012 history, 273 ormetoprim for, 1154 clinical use, 1011–1012 mechanism of action, 273 sulfonamides for, 1151 pharmacokinetics, 1011 physiology of, 273 two-state model of drug action, 75–76, spectrum of activity, 1011 withdrawal information, 273 75f valganciclovir, 1013 trichlorfon, 1061 tylosin, 912t, 921–922 valproic acid, 401 trichomoniasis, drugs for, 1129t chemical structures of, 913f vancomycin, 936–937, 1265 triclabendazole, 1093–1097 pharmacokinetic parameters of, 919t administration guidelines, 937 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm

Index 

adverse effects, 937 vincristine (VCR), 1210–1211, species grouping, 1354 clinical use, 937 1210f in vitro and molecular studies, vapor pressure, of anesthetic, 218 Vinstrol-V, 678t 1354–1355 vasopressin, 614–615 virginiamycin, 935–936 withdrawal time, 1469, 1470, 1471, effects of drugs and electrolytes, Virus Serum Toxin Act, 1408 1475 559f visceral targets, 152f definition of, 1443

Vasostrict, 666 vitamin K1, 637–638 factors affecting, 1443 vecuronium, 197, 200–201 vitamin K2, 637 Wolff–Chaikoff effect, 693 characteristics of, 199t vitamin K3, 637 World Health Organization (WHO), ventricular tachycardia, vitreous humor (VH), 1321 1426, 1449, 1476 antiarrhythmic agents for, volatage-gated Na+ channels, 66 546–550 volatile inhalation anesthetics X vesicular glutamate transporters effects on arterial oxygen tension xanthines. see methylxanthines (VGLUTs), 172 (Pao2), 224, 225f xenobiotics, 1400 vesicular monoamine transporter myocardial contractility and, 226 xenon (VMAT), 175 vomiting center, 178 analgesic actions of, 224 The Veterinarian’s Vade Mecum, 5 vomiting, neurotransmitters involved solubility of, 218t veterinary biologics, 1408 in, 1245, 1246t. see also xylazine hydrochloride, 343–346, Veterinary Co-operative Oncology antiemetic drugs 345f Group Common Terminology von Willebrand factor (vWF), 626 xylazine, in preanesthetic period, 187 Criteria for Adverse Events voriconazole, 993t, 1003–1005 xylitol, 96 (VCOG-CTCAE), 1191–1192 adverse effects, 1005 xylometazoline, 1315 Veterinary Drug Information clinical use, 1005 Monographs, 1466 pharmacokinetics, 1003–1005 veterinary feed additives, 1461–1463, structure of, 1003, 1004f Y 1463f yohimbine, 144, 350–351, 351f, 351t veterinary feed directive (VFD), 1349, W 1411, 1420, 1430, 1461 warfarin, 632–638 Z Veterinary International Committee adverse effects of, 635 zafirlukast, 1314 on Harmonization (VICH), 1365 agents to reverse, 637–638 zidovudine, 1014–1015 Veterinary Material Medica and clinical use, administration, and adverse effects, 1015 Therapeutics, 5 monitoring, 634–635 clinical use, 1015 Veterinary Medical Dictionary for mechanism of action, 633 pharmacokinetics, 1014–1015 Drug Regulatory Authorities pharmacological properties of, 633t, zileuton, 1314 (VeDDRA), 1453 634 zilpaterol, 1306, 1368 veterinary pharmacology, 4–7 precautions in using, 635 Zolatel®, 259 Veterinary Services, 1408 structure of, 633f zolazepam, 262, 263 Veterinary Susceptibility Testing thrombin inhibitors, 635–636 chemical name, 335 Subcommittee (VAST) of vitamin-K cycle and, 634f molecular formula, 335 Clinical and Laboratory waterborne treatments, 1377–1378 regulatory information, 335 Standards Institute (CLSI), 6 water, sodium, and chloride, 558–565 zolpidem, 427–428 Vetoryl, 753 disorders of balance, 561–565 zonisamide, 408–409 Vetstarch, 582t homeostasis, 558–559, 559f adverse effects, 406 VICH (International Cooperation on renal regulation of excretion of, clinical use, 409 Harmonization of Technical 559–561, 560f pharmacokinetics, 408–409 Requirements for Registration of wet/dry granulation, 105–106 zoological pharmacology, 1395 Veterinary Medicinal Products), white petrolatum, 1271 allometry in, 1400–1401 1425 Winstrol-V, 685 invertebrates, 1395–1396 vidarabine, 1014 withdrawal intervals, estimation of vertebrates vinblastine (VBL), 1210–1211, 1210f allometric scaling, 1353–1354 avian, 1397 vinca alkaloids, 1210–1211, 1210f comparative pharmacokinetics, mammalian, 1397–1400 extravasation, 1199 1351–1353 reptile and amphibian, 1396 JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm