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JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index Note: Page number followed by f and t indicates figure and table only. A pharmacogenetics of, 1334–1335, acid-base metabolism abamectin, 1102, 1103f 1335f anesthetics and, 588–589 Abbreviated New Animal Drug pH-dependent, 11 in cattle, 588 Applications (ANADAs), 1407, respiratory, 20–21 disorders of, 573–577 1409, 1420 aerosols and particulates, 21 characteristics of, 574t ABCG2 (drug transporter), 1337 vapors and gases, 20–21 metabolic acidosis, 574–576, 575f, ABON algorithm, 1453 rifampin, 932 578t abortion sulfonamides, 800 metabolic alkalosis, 576 prostaglandins analogs for, 681 systemic, 22 mixed disturbances, 577, 578t reproductive hormonal drugs for, tetracyclines, 860–861, 861t respiratory acidosis, 576–577, 686–687 topical and percutaneous, 17–20 576t, 578t absorption and clearance processes dermis and appendages, 18 respiratory alkalosis, 577, 577t (AME), 48 drug delivery system and fluid therapy and, 578–580 absorption, distribution, metabolism, definition of dose, 18–19 in horses, 588 and elimination (ADME factors modulating, 19–20 principles of, 569–573 processes), 8, 9f, 48, 90 mechanisms in skin, 17–18, 18f anion gap, 571–572 absorption, drug pathways for, 19 disturbance assessments, 571 aminoglycosides, 882 stratum corneum barrier, 18 homeostasis, 569–570 benzimidazoles, 1037–1038, 1038f variations in species and body hydrogen ion, carbon dioxide, and bioavailability region, 19 bicarbonate regulation, absolute systemic availability, 22 absorption spectroscopy detection 570–571, 570t, 571f relative systemic availability, 22 methods, 1442 nontraditional analysis, 572–573, cephalosporins, 842 acarbose, 770–771 573t chloramphenicol, 904–905 acceptable daily intake (ADI), 1359, acid citrate dextrose (ACD), 629 clindamycin, 928–929 1470 acidosis florfenicol, 909 acepromazine, 179, 325, 328, 1245, metabolic, 574–576, 575f fluoroquinolones, 965–966 COPYRIGHTED1246t MATERIALrespiratory, 576–577, 576t gastrointestinal, 12–17 acepromazine maleate, 326, 327f ACTH. see adrenocorticotropic disintegration, dissolution, and acetaminophen, 481 hormone diffusion, 14–15 acetylcholine (ACh), 151, 174, 194, actinomycin D, 1206, 1207f enterohepatic recycling, 15–16 422, 1181 activated partial thromboplastin time first-pass metabolism, 16–17 muscarinic and nicotinic effects of, (aPTT), 628 formulation factors, 17 156f active pharmaceutical ingredient species effects, 16 pharmacological mechanisms and (API), 87–88, 88f, 1431 lincomycin, 926 effects, 154–155 chemical properties of lipophilic compounds, 9–10 target organ effects of, 155 apparent solubility, 93 macrolide antibiotics, 918–920 acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 174, 196, buffer composition, 94 penicillins, 830, 833 1181 common ion effect, 94 peritoneal, 22 acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), 174 geometrical configuration, 93 pharmaceutical factors affecting, 17t acetylcysteine, 1315 ionic strength of a solution, 94 Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tenth Edition. Edited by Jim E. Riviere and Mark G. Papich. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/riviere/pharmacology JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) melting point, 91–92 selectivity and tissue distribution, (Continued) particle geometry, 89–90 134–137 optic rotation, 93 partition coefficients, 91 types and subtypes, 133t permeability, 95 rheology, 92 adrenocorticotropic hormone pH of solvent, 94 product quality control, 107 (ACTH), 561, 651–655, 654t, saturation concentration, 93 Activyl Tick Plus, 1179 662t solubility, 93–95 acute renal failure (ARF), mannitol in, biosynthesis of, 651–652, 652f stability, 92 604–605 dosage protocols for, 654t stereochemistry, 93 acyclovir, 1010–1012 function of, 653–654 temperature effects, 95 adverse effects, 1012 negative-feedback systems, 653 dosage form considerations, 99–105 clinical use, 1011–1012 preparations of, 654 biomass products, 103–104 pharmacokinetics, 1011 secretion regulation of, 653 bolus, 102 spectrum of activity, 1011 stimulation test, 654–655, 747 capsules, 103 ADAA. see Animal Drug Availability structure of, 652–653, 652f chewable tablets, 102–103 Act adrenolytic drugs, 751–755 common veterinary forms, 99f ADE. see adverse drug experience hyperadrenocorticism treatment considerations when formulating, adefovir. see PMEA with, 751–752 100f adenine dinucleotides, 177 ketoconazole, 754 controlled internal drug release adenosine, 177 L-deprenyl, 754–755 system (CIDR), 104 adenosine diphosphate, 627 mitotane, 752–753 cream, 101 ADE reports, 1424–1425. see also structures of, 752f delayed release, 101–102 adverse drug experience (ADE) trilostane, 753 emulsions, 100 aditoprim, pharmacokinetics of, 804t adriamycin. see doxorubicin extended release (ER) tablets, 101 adrenal insufficiency, in foals, 655 adverse drug experience (ADE), 1449 gels, 101 adrenal reserve testing, definition of, 1449 granules, 103 glucocorticoids, 747 reporting of, 1449–1453, 1450f immediate release (IR) tablets, 101 adrenal steroidogenesis, 730f animal devices, 1450–1451 implants, 102 adrenal steroidogenic enzymes, 730t approved versus unapproved liquid suspension, 99–100 adrenergic agonists, classification of, drugs, 1450 lotions, 101 131, 132f, 133t medication errors, 1451–1452 medicated feed, 103 adrenergic receptors, 123–126, pesticide products/vaccines, 1453 modified release (MR) tablets, 101 132–134 pet food adverse event and ointment, 101 agonists, clinical applications of, product problem reporting, 1452 parenteral products, 104–105 137–142 product defect, 1451 pastes, 101 beta-adrenergic receptor (βAA), AeroHippus® mask, 1313 powders, 103 141 Aeromonas salmonicida, 1380–1381, solutions, 99 blood pressure regulation and, 1382t, 1383t–1384t suspoemulsion (SE), 101 138–139 affinity, of drugs, 69–70, 69f, 70f tablets, 101 in food production, 141–142 constant of, 69 topical products, 105 for improved respiratory effort, afoxolaner, 1174–1175 transdermal drug delivery, 105 137–138, 138f agar and broth dilution susceptibility formulation elements, 95–99 in ophthalmology, 140–141 tests, 1379 manufacturing process sedative and analgesic effects, agmatine, 177 direct compression, 106 140 airway irritation, 225 extrusion, 106 treatment of urinary aklomide, 1145, 1145f factors influencing product incontinence, 139–140 albendazole, 1036f, 1039, 1045, 1048, dissolution, 106–107 vasoconstriction, 140 1137–1138, 1137f. see also roller compaction, 106 antagonists, clinical applications of benzimidazoles slugging, 106 alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, albuterol, 1305, 1306–1307 tableting processes, 106 142–144 alcohol-based handrubs, 789 wet/dry granulation, 105–106 beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, alcohols, use of, 782–783 physical properties 144–148 alcuronium (Alloferin), 202 crystalline form, 88–89 pharmacodynamic characteristics aldehyde disinfectants, 784–785 dissociation constants/pKa, 90–91 of, 145t aletplase, 641 Log P and D, 91 and cell signaling, 132–134 alfaxalone, 174, 188, 267f JWST799-bind JWST799-Riviere November 20, 2017 10:3 Printer Name: Trim: 279mm × 216mm Index chemistry, 267 detomidine hydrochloride, 345f, AMDUCA. see Animal Medicinal history, 267 346–347, 346t Drug Use Clarification Act metabolism, 269 dexmedetomidine, 345f, 348, 348t American Academy of Veterinary pharmacokinetics, 268, 268t doses for sedation, 343 Pharmacology and Therapeutics physiological/pharmacodynamic drug interactions, 349 (AAVPT), 5, 1466 effects, 268 indications, 339 American Board of Anesthesiologists preparation of, 267 mechanism of action, 339 (ABA), 180 species differences, 269 medetomidine, 345f, 347, 348t American Board of Clinical Alfaxan®, 267 overdose/acute toxicity, 349 Pharmacology (ABCP), 5 alfentanil, 303 pharmacokinetics properties, 343, American College of Veterinary alfuzosin, 143 344t Anesthesiologists, 180 alkaloids, as antiprotozoan drugs, 1146 physiological effects American College of Veterinary alkalosis analgesic activity, 343 Clinical Pharmacology metabolic, 576 cardiovascular effects, 340–341 (ACVCP), 5 respiratory, 577, 577t CNS effects, 339–340 American Feed Industry Association alkeran. see melphalan equine receovery, 342 (AFIA), 1462 allele, 1333 gastrointestinal effects, 341 American Society of Pharmacology and allethrin, 1179 on glucose homeostasis, 342 Experimental Therapeutics, 4 allometric relationship, 62 musculoskeletal effects, 341 American Veterinary Medical allometric scaling, 1353–1354 neuroendocrine stress response, Association (AVMA), 1373, allometry, 62 342 1462, 1466 in zoo medicine, 1400–1401 platelet activism, 342 amicarbalide, 1157f, 1158 allyltrenbolone, 683 renal effects, 341 amikacin, 877, 888–889 alpaca, alfaxalone effects on, 269 reproductive effects, 342 once-daily dosages for, 880t alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists, respiratory effects, 341 pharmacokinetic data for, 888t, 889t 142–144 thermoregulation of body, 342 structure of, 879f adverse effects/contraindications, preparation, 339 amiloride, 611–612 353–354 ratio of drug selectivity and amines, as neurotransmitters, 174–176 atipamezole, 350, 350t imidazoline receptor activity, acetylcholine, 174 classification, 349 339t dopamine, 174–175 clinical applications of romifidine, 345f, 347, 347t histamine, 175 cardiovascular effects, 142–143 species differences, 348 5-hydroxytryptamine, 175–176 for hypertension, 143 xylazine hydrochloride, 343–346, norepinephrine