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Engelbrecht Bybelse 2012.Pdf (3.390Mb) Bybelse intertekste in resente Afrikaanse gedigte en lirieke, met spesifieke verwysing na identiteitsformasies in die (post)- postmoderniteit deur Gertruida Cornelia Engelbrecht Proefskrif ingelewer vir die graad Doktor in die Lettere in die Fakulteit Lettere en Sosiale Wetenskappe aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch Promotor: Prof. P.H. Foster Departement Afrikaans en Nederlands Desember 2012 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Verklaring Deur hierdie proefskrif elektronies in te lewer verklaar ek dat die geheel van die werk hierin vervat my eie, oorspronklike werk is, dat ek die alleenouteur daarvan is (behalwe in die mate uitdruklik anders aangedui), dat reproduksie en publikasie daarvan deur die Universiteit van Stellenbosch nie derdepartyregte sal skend nie en dat ek dit nie vantevore, in die geheel of gedeeltelik, ter verkryging van enige kwalifikasie aangebied het nie. Desember 2012 Kopiereg © 2012 Universiteit Stellenbosch Alle regte voorbehou Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The 11 September 2001 terror attacks on America are regarded by many as the end of the postmodern era and as a landmark event that irrevocably changed the world. Similarly, the 1994 South African political revolution and transition to democracy was a milestone that had far-reaching effects on all population groups in the country. This study examines evolving identity formation among Afrikaans-speaking South Africans in a new political dispensation and (post-) postmodern era – and specifically the ways in which religion still finds expression in Afrikaans-speakers‟ identity. With theoretical grounding from, among others, Stuart Hall and Zygmunt Bauman, a variety of recent poems and lyrics – representative of various generations and backgrounds – are studied. The conclusion drawn is that religion still forms part of Afrikaans- speakers‟ identity in various ways, but this does not necessarily equate to affiliation with any church. In some instances church and religion are seen as part of the rejected apartheid establishment, but in many cases Afrikaans- speakers‟ religious affiliations are in line with Jacques Derrida‟s “religion without Religion” school of thought, and panentheism is increasingly gaining ground. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Opsomming Die terreuraanval op Amerika op 11 September 2001 word uit verskeie oorde bestempel as die einde van die postmodernisme en as ‟n mylpaalgebeurtenis wat die wêreld onherroeplik verander het. In Suid-Afrika was die politieke om- wenteling met die oorgang na ‟n demokrasie in 1994 eweneens ‟n mylpaal wat alle bevolkingsgroepe in die land ingrypend geraak het. In hierdie studie word ondersoek ingestel na Afrikaanssprekendes se identiteitsformasies in ‟n nuwe politieke bestel en in die (post)-postmoderniteit, en spesifiek na die wyse waarop die religie steeds beslag kry in die Afrikaanssprekende se identi- teit. Met bydraes deur onder andere Stuart Hall en Zygmunt Bauman as teo- retiese begronding, word ‟n verskeidenheid resente gedigte en lirieke van 1994-2012, wat verteenwoordigend is van verskeie generasies en agter- gronde, ondersoek. Die gevolgtrekking is dat religie steeds op verskillende wyses deel van Afrikaanssprekendes se identiteitsformasies is, maar dat dit nie noodwendig met kerkverbondenheid gepaard gaan nie. In sommige gevalle word die kerk en die religie beskou as deel van die establishment wat ná apartheid verwerp word, maar in baie gevalle hou Afrikaanssprekendes se religieuse betrokkenheid nou verband met Jacques Derrida se sogenaamde religie sonder Religie, en wen die panenteïsme toenemend veld. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Dankie Dit sou onmoontlik wees om ‟n studie van hierdie omvang sonder die ondersteuning en hulp van ander aan te pak. Ek wil graag die volgende mense en instansies bedank: My promotor, prof. Ronel Foster van die Departement Afrikaans en Nederlands aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, vir haar kundige raad en leiding. Prof. Foster was ook my magisterstudieleier en het die kooltjies van my passie vir die religie en die letterkunde oor baie jare heen aangeblaas. Finansiële hulp van die Departement Afrikaans en Nederlands word met dank erken. My eksaminatore, prof. Heilna du Plooy van die Noordwes-Universiteit, Potchefstroom-kampus, prof. Jaap Goedegebuure van die Universiteit Leiden en prof. Louise Viljoen van die Universiteit Stellenbosch, vir waardevolle insette oor my proefskrif. Al die Engelbrechts, veral Mari, Johan, Anna, Kallie en Kobie, wat my met geduld verduur het terwyl ek met my neus in die boeke gesit het. Julle is die grootste seëning in my lewe. My kollegas by Media24, in die besonder Joan van Zyl, wat dit vir my moontlik maak om die akademie met my beroep te versoen. Verlofver- gunning van Huisgenoot word met dank erken. Al my vriende, veral Helena Wasserman, wat voorgraads en nagraads oor dekades heen bygedra het tot my akademiese ontwikkeling. Ek skuld julle so baie. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Opgedra aan die volgende geslag Engelbrechts, veral klein Nienie. Mag julle leer om voren- toe én terug te kyk in ‟n nuwe land vol moontlikhede, en mag boeke en die Boek vir julle interessante wêrelde oopsluit. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za O Groot Onbekende van wie niks bekends is behalwe die groot onbekendheid ... Êrens moet die mens weer voor begin, nuut dink oor die groot vakuum, die vraagteken wat god is. En nuut begin, vra vir ‟n oop gemoed, bekend met sy beperkinge en die verbeeldingrykheid van die gees. – M.M. Walters Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za INHOUD Hoofstuk 1: Inleiding 1 1.1 Prikkel vir die studie en die sentrale probleemstelling 1 1.2 Verantwoording 4 1.3 Kernvrae wat in die studie beantwoord sal word 13 1.4 Verloop van die studie 14 Hoofstuk 2: Die ‘evolusie’ van die postmodernisme 16 2.1 ‟n „Sterfdatum‟ – heengegaan op 11 September 2001? 16 2.2 Is die postmodernisme se „dood‟ kultuurstudies se „brood‟? 20 2.3 ‟n Nuwe fase van die postmodernisme? 22 2.4 Postmodernisme of post-postmodernisme? 26 2.5 ‟n Teruggryp na die premodernisme? 31 2.6 Klemverskuiwings in die post-postmodernisme 36 2.6.1 Hernieude klem op meesternarratiewe 36 2.6.2 ‟n Terugkeer na waardes 40 2.6.3 ‟n Terugkeer na religie(ë) 43 2.7 Godsdienstige fundamentalisme 49 2.8 Religie as meesternarratief vir die Afrikaner/Afrikaanssprekende 54 2.9 Ter samevatting 57 Hoofstuk 3: Kultuurstudies en identiteit 58 3.1 Die definiëring van kultuurstudies 58 3.2 Kultuurstudies en die postmodernisme 62 3.3 Identiteitsformasies in die moderniteit, postmoderniteit en post- postmoderniteit 64 3.4 Stuart Hall se teoretisering oor identiteit 69 3.5 Manuell Castells se teoretisering oor identiteit 74 3.6 ‟n Afrikaanse identiteit in diaspora? 81 3.7 Wit identiteit 89 3.8 Hoe belangrik is religie in postapartheid-Suid-Afrika? 96 3.9 Ter samevatting 98 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Hoofstuk 4: ’n Nuwe Moses 101 4.1 Moses deur die eeue 101 4.2 Moses in Suid-Afrika 107 4.3 Adam Small se (modernistiese) uitbeelding van Moses 109 4.3.1 “Kô laat ons sing” 111 4.3.2 “Groot Krismasgabet” 113 4.3.3 “Exodus” 117 4.3.4 “Waar is Moses” 118 4.3.5 Die modernistiese Moses 122 4.4. M.M. Walters se uitbeelding van Moses 124 4.4.1 “XVIII” 125 4.4.2 “XXVIII Oor die sekerheid” 128 4.4.3 “Pardon” 131 4.4.4 “Ope Brief: aan Moses, die Prins van Egipte” 136 4.5 I.L. de Villiers se uitbeelding van Moses 145 4.5.1 “Volk” 146 4.5.2 “Moses” 150 4.6 Johan Steyn se uitbeelding van Moses 156 4.6.1 “Moses” 156 4.7 Lina Spies se uitbeelding van Moses 160 4.7.1 “In vreemdelingskap” 160 4.8 Louis Esterhuizen se uitbeelding van Moses 163 4.8.1 “Hakkelaar” 163 4.9 David Kramer en Lucas Maree se uitbeelding van Moses 165 4.9.1 “Hoekom?” (David Kramer) 165 4.9.2 “Die Eksodus” (Lucas Maree) 168 4.5 Ter samevatting 171 Hoofstuk 5: ’n Nuwe God en Satan? 174 5.1 ‟n Nuwe spiritualiteit 174 5.2 Postteïstiese Christene 178 5.3 Groter polarisasie ná 9/11 181 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za 5.4 Die voorstelling van God in Afrikaanse gedigte en lirieke 184 5.4.1 Resente Godvererende gedigte 185 5.4.1.1 T.T Cloete se uitbeelding van God 185 5.4.1.1.1 “retoriese vraag” 186 5.4.1.2 Cas Vos se uitbeelding van God 188 5.4.1.2.1 “Allergrootste” 189 5.4.1.3 Die uitbeelding van God in ‟n resente lied 191 5.4.1.3.1 “God se kunskafee” (Prop van Rooyen) 191 5.4.2 ‟n „Nuwe‟ God? 194 5.4.2.1 “XIV” (M.M. Walters) 195 5.4.2.2 “Het lied van God: wat ik niet ben” (Stef Bos) 199 5.4.3 God en Satan as teenpole van mekaar 203 5.4.3.1 “Die duiwel en God” (Stef Bos en Koos Kombuis) 203 5.4.3.2 “Eksklusiewe verslag” (M.M. Walters) 208 5.4.3.3 “Ope brief: aan Lucifer” (M.M. Walters) 217 5.4.3.4 “Paradoks” (M.M. Walters) 224 5.4.4 Die Christelike God as een van baie gode 225 5.4.4.1 “As die gode paradeer” (Cas Vos) 225 5.4.4.2 “In memoriam” (M.M. Walters) 227 5.4.4.3 “Ope brief: aan die Groot Onbekende” (M.M. Walters) 230 5.4.4.4 “XLI” (M.M. Walters) 237 5.5 Die uitbeelding van die hemel en die hel 239 5.5.1 Cas Vos se uitbeelding van die hemel 241 5.5.1.1 “Aankoms” (Cas Vos) 241 5.5.2 Lina Spies se hemel op aarde 242 5.5.2.1 “Paradise regained” 242 5.5.2.2 “Hemel” 246 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za 5.5.2.3 “Aanbidding” 248 5.5.3 Peter Snyders se uitbeelding van die hemel 249 5.5.3.1 “Versagtende omstandighede” 249 5.5.4 Die lewe na die dood in enkele tekste 252 5.5.4.1 “Solo” (Coenie de Villiers) 253 5.5.4.2 “Hemel” (Koos Kombuis) 256 5.5.4.3 “Is dit hoe die hemel lyk?”
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