DOCSLIB.ORG

New Communications Technologies : Applications for Development

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Communications Technologies : Applications for Development This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. New communications technologies : applications for development Simatupang, Iwan 1994 Simatupang, I. (1994). New communications technologies : applications for development. In AMIC Conference on Communication, Convergence and Development: Bangkok, Jun 23‑25, 1994. Singapore: Asian Media Information and Communication Centre. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/92508 Downloaded on 25 Sep 2021 16:21:06 SGT ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library New Communications Technologies: Applications For Development By Iwan Simatupang Paper No.6 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library NEW COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES : APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT IWAN D. SIMATUPANG PT INDOSAT - INDONESIA Presented at "COMMUNICATIONS, CONVERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT AMIC ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROGRAM Bangkok, June 23-25, 1994 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library COIVIMUNICATIONS, CONVERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT AMIC ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROGRAM New Communication Technologies : Applications for Development PT INDOSAT 1. INTRODUCTION Welcome to the AMIC session describing Communications, Convergence and Development. I am delighted to be nere today to share my ideas on the very important topic "New Communications Technologies : Applications for Development" with you. The telecommunications marketplace is complex, dynamic and enormous. Worldwide annual spending on telecommunications product and services will reach a trillion dollars by year 2001 (Figure 1). The market potentially encompases every person an every computer on earth. Communications technology development has brought forward the introduction of various new and convenient services, including mixed services using a single terms mission lines. Technological advancements have opened new horizons and new opportunities which never been predicted before. The global communications network enables us to access, collect, process and deliver information from an office or a terminal to almost any place in the world. Indeed we are now part of the global connectivity, global mobility and global information society. Within this environment, a nation or a region with different stages of communication infrastructure can no longer progress or have a competitive advantage without the support of high-quality communications networks. Several systems which have played a very significant role in the improvement of communications services include satellite, optical fiber and switching systems. The improvement has also been supported by the advances in standardization and software development. The following paragraphs will discuss a number of important developments and trends in telecommunications. These include communications networks optical fiber, satellite technologv, ISDN, personal communication system (PCS), ATM and Broadband services, and factors influencing services development, services development challenges, and applications for development. l ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Figure 1a : The World Market for Telecommunications Figure 1b : Basic Service Will Continue To Dominate 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Communications Networks Currently, public telecommunications networks are going through a period of unprecedented change as they evolve from voice services networks to become integrated, multimedia information services network with a wide range of services. The expanded needs of the communications users will be fulfilled by the future networks through advances in key technologies such as inte­ grated electronics, fiber optic communications, artificiafintelligence and distributed processing. Advance of technology has also made it possible to introduce numerous enhancement of services on the embedded public telephone networks. The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISTJN) takes advantage of the digitizations of the voice network to provide integrated voice and data services. Newer technologies such as cellular mobile for both voice and data, V-sat, fiber optics and personal mobile satellite services have become widely available. These technologies have led to cheaper, smarter networks/terminals and more cost effective services. A range of choices and solutions can be found or tailor made to meet precisely defined communications needs or to solve communications problem. Optical Fiber Technology Technical development of optical fiber and associated digital transmission systems has been occuring rapidly over the last several years. Not only has the capacity of fiber been increased (Giga bit system, see Figure 2), but also the average distance between repeaters has" lengthened. Consequently, optical fiber can now be employed throughout the network. Installations of optical fiber in the international and the national cable network will bring great advantages to operators and business customers, particularly in providing huge capacity transmission medium, increasing the availability of network lines and in providing the building blocks for private networks. Several countries have already completed a fiber optic backbone network and have links to international fiber optic cables. Within the next five years or so, fiber will become the medium of choice for most international traffic and an increasing percentage of inter-city national traffic. For the Asia Pacific Region 5 Giga bits system will be ready for operation by 1995 - 1996. 2 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Figure 2a : Progress of Longhaul Experiments Figure 2b : Advances in Microelectronics on Optical Amplifier Submarine Systems Integrated Circuits In order to exploit the full potential of fiber and to justify costwise the installation of fiber rather than copper in the local loop, the network operators will need to develop a new range of sophisticated-based services. The three key technologies of fiber optics, data compression and ATM switching promise a future in which bandwidth capacity is the underlying force. Not only dis­ tance sensitive tariffing^ but also volume-based tariffing will be redundant. For almost the first time, the network operators will no longer need to use tariff structures as a way of rationing network access, but instead will need to concentrate their resources on developing demand for new services with the availability of enormous capacity in fiber optic network, sophisticated services like ISDN, and ATM switch will require higher a bandwith could be implemented. Satellite Communications Whether capacity is concentrated in a few large spacecraft or spread among smaller platforms, the market for satellite communications continues to grow. Satellite payloads will become more efficient, using spot beams to illuminate centers of high-density traffic. The beams will be steerable, allowing them to be switchecT to any new high-traffic area to emerge during the fife of the satellite. The future development could be an extrapolation of the present spacecraft configurations that would lead to multiple payload of satellites, offering a wide diversity of serives, with mass in the range of 3000 to 5000 kg, launched by either the NASA Shuttle, ARIANE, Hughes or Delta. The present state of the art of 10 years' design lifetime would probably be extended to twelve years, or fifteen years. The above scenario is appealing as, eventhough the cost per spacecraft in­ creases with size, the specific cost (cost per kg, or better per channel-year) decreases with growing mass. Market studies indicate that beyond 1995 the demand for such satellite should be in order of about 20 to 40 per year. Previous generation of satellite use GSO technology, and currently there is a growing number of blueprints of global low-earth orbiting satellite system. Hundreds of satellites will come in with the advent of application of Global Mobile Satellite System. Not only with mobile communications be a matter for terestrial systems but also for satellite system. Along with mobile communications"^ global paging will also implement. The following is a list of mobile satellite project that are planned to be in operation (Table 1.) 3 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Table 1 : Selected Mobile Satellite Projects Name Major Investors Projected Main Services | Altitude Nbr. of System Launch i (miles) Satellites Type Teledesic Craig McCaw. Bill Gates ; 2001 ' ATM-based svcs. 400 840 Big LEO Iridium Motorola. BCE. DDI. Great: 1998 Voice, cata, 420 56 Big LEO Wall Industry. Rytheon. messaging,pacing, i Sprint, STET. United positioning Comm. Industries Project 21 Inmarsat 1998-2000 Voice, cata. ' * MEO (carrier consortium) messaging.paging. or GEO Globalstar Airtouch, Alcatel, Alenia 1998 Voice, data, 750 46 MEO Spazio, Dacom, Deutsche ! messagmg.paging, Deutche Aerospace, positioning Hyundai, Loral j Qualcomm, Vodafone. Odyssey TRW 1998 Voice, data, 10.000 ; 12 Big LEO messaging,paging, positioning • Ellipsat Fairchild Space, Harris, 1997 ... ... Elliptical 15 MEO Esrali Aircraft Industries. Voice, messaging. orbit Mobile Communications paging positionig Holdings. Westinghouse Aries Constellation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Konsistensi Absurditas Tokoh Orang Tua/Kakek Dalam Tiga Naskah Drama
    Konsistensi Absurditas Tokoh Orang Tua/Kakek dalam Tiga Naskah Drama “Bulan Bujur Sangkar”, “Petang di Taman”, dan “RT 0-RW 0” Karya Iwan Simatupang : Absurditas Albert Camus. KONSISTENSI ABSURDITAS TOKOH ORANG TUA/KAKEK DALAM TIGA NASKAH DRAMA “BULAN BUJUR SANGKAR”, “PETANG DI TAMAN”, DAN “RT 0 – RW 0” KARYA IWAN SIMATUPANG (ABSURDITAS ALBERT CAMUS) Yusril Ihza Fauzul Azhim S1 Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Surabaya [email protected] ABSTRAK KONSISTENSI ABSURDITAS TOKOH ORANG TUA/KAKEK DALAM TIGA NASKAH DRAMA “BULAN BUJUR SANGKAR”, “PETANG DI TAMAN”, DAN “RT 0 – RW 0” KARYA IWAN SIMATUPANG (ABSURDITAS ALBERT CAMUS) Nama Mahasiswa : Yusril Ihza Fauzul Azhim Program Studi : S1 Sastra Indonesia Jurusan : Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas : Bahasa dan Seni Nama Lembaga : Universitas Negeri Surabaya Tahun : 2019 Kata kunci: konsistensi, absurditas, naskah drama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan konsistensi absurditas tokoh Orang Tua/Kakek dalam tiga naskah drama “Bulan Bujur Sangkar”, “Petang Di Taman”, dan “RT 0 – RW 0” karya Iwan simatupang dengan menggunakan kajian filsafat absurd Albert Camus melalui tiga tahap konsep berpikir absurd yaitu, kesadaran absurd, pemberontakan dan kebebasan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan objektif. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah metode pustaka dan simak-catat. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode penafsiran terhadap data dengan melakukan beberapa langkah pembacaan, yaitu (1) membaca kritis, (2) membaca kreatif, dan (3) membaca hermeneutika. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bentuk absurditas tokoh Orang Tua/Kakek melalui tiga tahap konsep berpikir absurd: kesadaran absurd, pemberontakan dan kebebasan. Pada naskah drama Bulan Bujur Sangkar tokoh Orang Tua melakukan perlawanan terhadap absurditas dengan cara atau bunuh diri di tiang gantungan; naskah drama Petang Di Taman, tokoh Orang Tua tetap kembali menemui absurditas sebagai bentuk pemberontakan demi meraih kebebasannya.
    [Show full text]
  • SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY in the NEW ORDER a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Center for Inte
    SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE NEW ORDER A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Sony Karsono August 2005 This thesis entitled SETTING HISTORY STRAIGHT? INDONESIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY IN THE NEW ORDER by Sony Karsono has been approved for the Department of Southeast Asian Studies and the Center for International Studies by William H. Frederick Associate Professor of History Josep Rota Director of International Studies KARSONO, SONY. M.A. August 2005. International Studies Setting History Straight? Indonesian Historiography in the New Order (274 pp.) Director of Thesis: William H. Frederick This thesis discusses one central problem: What happened to Indonesian historiography in the New Order (1966-98)? To analyze the problem, the author studies the connections between the major themes in his intellectual autobiography and those in the metahistory of the regime. Proceeding in chronological and thematic manner, the thesis comes in three parts. Part One presents the author’s intellectual autobiography, which illustrates how, as a member of the generation of people who grew up in the New Order, he came into contact with history. Part Two examines the genealogy of and the major issues at stake in the post-New Order controversy over the rectification of history. Part Three ends with several concluding observations. First, the historiographical engineering that the New Order committed was not effective. Second, the regime created the tools for people to criticize itself, which shows that it misunderstood its own society. Third, Indonesian contemporary culture is such that people abhor the idea that there is no single truth.
    [Show full text]
  • Bahasa Dan Susastra Dalam Gunt Ngan
    BAHASA DAN SUSASTRA DALAM GUNT NGAN NOMOR 174 JANUARI 2000 PERPUSTAKAAN PUSAT PEMBINAAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA Jalan Daksinapati Barat IV Jakarta 13220, Telepon 4896558. 4706287, 4706288 DAP-TAR ISI B.\HASA BAHASA INDONESIA-ULASAN Dewa-Dewa Pusat Bahasa 1 Interkoneksi Pikiran, Bahasa dan Kebudayaan 2 Interkoneksi Pemakaian Bahasa dan Jenis 4 Pelepasan Unsur Klausa dan Masalah Makna Kata .... 7 Morfofonemik, Prefiks, dan Pelepasan 9 Meraosisikan Pendidikan Bahasa 11 Generasi yang "^emberang? 14 Menyoal l^^^akna *Jari-Jemari•, Reruntuhan*, 16 BAHASA MALAYSIA-ULASAN Pemerintah Malaysia Hapus Bahasa Baku 19 POTILIK BAHASA-ULASAH Bahasa Indonesia 20 SASTRA CERPEN INDONESIA-ULASAN Siul Jadi Pemenang ^ayembara Penulis Cerpen ••...• 21 NOVEL INDONESIA-ULASAN Novel Terakhir Romo ITangun 22 Tiap Bulon Hasilkan Satu Novel 23 K Gatnbarkan Dialektika Penguasa dan 25 PUISI-ULASAN Seniman Lontarkan Keprihatinan Lewat • 26 ^ Musikalisasi Puisi Ferlu Ditumbuhkan 27 Fohon Fenggugah Hati 28 ^ Kita Tanam Fohon Persaudaraan 29 Sutardji 'Mutung* dalam Acara Tadarus 30 Baca Puisi Gus Dur Mus di Universitas 3I Kolaborasi Puisi dan Nada dalara Musik 32 Penyair Kaltim Terbitkan Antologi Puisi 34 Mengawinkan Puisi dan Sketsa 35 Baca Sajak Pekanbaru, Air Mata yang 36 SASTRA INDONESIA-ULASAN Perempuan Imigran dalam Sstra Australia 38 SASTRA INDONESIA-ULASAN ^ Desakralisasi Jakarta 39 Reforraasi Sastra 4^ Mgsih "Berjalan di Sepanjang Jalan" 44 Karya Sastra 60 Penulis untuk •Aceh yang 46 Dari Madura ke Pergaulan Dunia 47 Keresahan Seorang Iwan Simatupang 49 Saya Hanya Minta untuk Beli Susu 53 Sastra belum Lekat di Masyarakat 54 Penyair Kirdjomuljo Meninggal 55 Karya Sastra Sastrawan Koraunitas 56 Mursal Esten dan Penomena Datuk 59 A Sastra di Koran Berkembang Pesat 61 Potret Sastra Versi Si Tarau 62 y SASTRA-PENGAJARAN Metode Pengajaran Sastra Harus Dirombak 65 BAKk^A IIvDOKEciA-uLA^AN )-p>.
    [Show full text]
  • Polemik Buku 33 Tokoh Sastra Indonesia Paling Berpengaruh
    POLEMIK BUKU 33 TOKOH SASTRA INDONESIA PALING BERPENGARUH Editor: Satrio Arismunandar Polemik Buku 33 Tokoh Sastra Indonesia Paling Berpengaruh Editor Satrio Arismunandar Konsep dan Pengembangan Desain Futih Aljihadi Eksekusi Heri Saparirudin (Desain Cover) Sisko Amin Pratama (Lay Out) Cetakan Pertama, April 2015 ISBN XXX-XXX-XXXXX-X-X Penerbit PT Cerah Budaya Indonesia Menara Kuningan lt. 9G Jalan HR. Rasuna Said Kav V Blok X-7, Jakarta Selatan [email protected] | http://inspirasi.co POLEMIK BUKU 33 TOKOH SASTRA INDONESIA PALING BERPENGARUH Editor: Satrio Arismunandar Daftar Isi Pengantar Editor | 9 BAB 1 - Awal Polemik | 13 BAB 2 - Gerakan Kontra Baru | 81 BAB 3 - Tanggapan Peminat dan Pegiat Satra Lain terhadap buku | 219 BAB 4 - Perdebatan di Media Sosial dan Tanggapan Denny JA | 439 POLEMIK BUKU 33 TOKOH SASTRA INDONESIA PALING BERPENGARUH Editor: Satrio Arismunandar PENGANTAR DARI EDITOR Jagat sastra Indonesia, yang biasanya terkesan adem ayem, di sepanjang tahun 2014 jadi “gonjang ganjing.” Para pegiat sastra dari berbagai daerah angkat bicara, bahkan sebagian melibatkan diri dalam aksi-aksi kampanye tertentu, terkait dengan terbitnya sebuah buku yang memancing sikap pro-kontra dan polemik panjang. Polemik ini cukup keras di media sosial. Buku sastra Indonesia yang jadi bahan perdebatan ini adalah buku berjudul 33 Tokoh Sastra Indonesia Paling Berpengaruh (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia, 2014, 734 halaman). Buku itu disusun oleh Tim 8, yang terdiri atas 8 orang penulis. Mereka adalah: Acep Zamzam Noor, Agus R. Sarjono, Ahmad Gaus, Berthold Damshauser, Joni Ariadinata, Maman S. Mahayana, Nenden Lilis Aisyah, dan diketuai Jamal D. Rahman. Perdebatan awalnya masih “sehat,” karena baru seputar ketidaksepakatan tentang figur sastra tertentu yang dimasukkan atau tidak dimasukkan ke dalam daftar 33 tokoh sastra paling berpengaruh.
    [Show full text]
  • Modenisasi Dan Postmodenisasi Dalam Sastera Indonesia Moderniism and Postmodernism in Indonesia Literature
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by RUMPUN (E-Journal) Jurnal Antarabangsa Persuratan Melayu (RUMPUN) International Journal of Malay Letters Jilid 2/Jan/2014, 84-95 Persatuan Penulis Budiman Malaysia ISSN:2289-5000 Budiman Writers Association of Malaysia MODENISASI DAN POSTMODENISASI DALAM SASTERA INDONESIA MODERNIISM AND POSTMODERNISM IN INDONESIA LITERATURE Ikhwanuddin Nasution University of Sumatra Utara Medan, Indonesia. [email protected] ABSTRAK Modenisasi dalam dunia sastra diertikan sebagai perubahan dan kemajuan baik dalam bentuk maupun isi. Tema-tema atau ide-ide dalam sastra Indonesia khususnya Angkatan Pujangga Baru dan Angkatan ’45 telah mencerminkan adanya modernisasi. Modenisasi dikaitkan dengan tematema yang universal dan kebudayaan nasional. Sementara angkatan sebelumnya, iaitu Angkatan Balai Pustaka masih mengutarakan tema-tema yang bersifat kedaerahan. Modenisasi itu masih terlihat pada Angkatan ’66. Postmodenisasi dalam sastera Indonesia telah tercermin pada Angkatan ’70an dan ’80-an, yang biasa juga disebut dengan Angkatan Kontemporer atau Angkatan Kontekstual. Tema-tema makin individual dan absurd. Postmodenisasi ini semakin tercermin pada Angkatan 2000 dengan munculnya sastera-sastera feminis. Hal ini memunculkan estetika postmodenisme dan estetika feminisme. Kata Kunci: Modenisasi, Postmodenisasi, Sosial-budaya, Keuniversalan, Keberagaman ABSTRACT Modernism in literature represents changes and transformation in textual contents as well as in themes and ideas. In Indonesian literature this is especially the case for The New Literary Writers or 68 the 45 Literary Movement. Modernism, for this group, displays the universal themes and national cultures whereas the previous literary movement, known ass The Balai Pustaka movement, still clung to themes that were parochial in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • UDAYANA UNIVERSITY Course Syllabus INDONESIAN LITERATURE (Code: BIP 1016)
    UDAYANA UNIVERSITY Course Syllabus INDONESIAN LITERATURE (Code: BIP 1016) Credits: 3 1. Course Description The course provides knowledge about Indonesian literature as represented by Indonesian literary works of the three main sub genres of poetry, fiction and drama selected in a way that allows not only an understanding of Indonesian literary works per se but also of their socio-cultural background that provides the necessary impetus for their production and reception from era to era. 2. Objectives After completing this course the students will have (1) a shape of understanding of Indonesian literature as represented by its three main genres of poetry, fiction and drama, namely an understanding not only of the intrinsic aspect of these works but also of their extrinsic dimension, and (2) a shape of aesthetic experience of reading selected samples of Indonesian literary works. 3. Learning Method : - lecturing - discussion - assignment 4. Assessment : - assignment 30 % - mid semester test 30 % - final semester test 40 % 5. References Badudu, J. S. 1983. Buku dan Pengarang. Bandung: Pustaka Prima. Budiman, Manneke et al. (Ed). 2008. Membaca Sastra: Pengantar Memahami Sastra untuk Perguruan Tinggi. Yogyakarta: Indonesiatera. Mangunwijaya, Y. B. 1988. Sastra dan Religiositas. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius. Sneddon, James, 2003. The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society. Sydney: The University of New South Wales University Press Ltd, Suarka, I Nyoman. 2009. Telaah Sastra Kakawin: Sebuah Pengantar. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan. Sumardjo, Jakob. 1984. Memahami Kesusastraan. Bandung: Penerbit Alumni. Teeuw, A. 1967. Modern Indonesian Lterature. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. Todorov, Tsvetan. 1985. Tata Sastra. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambaan. 6. Lecturer : Drs. I Wayan Resen, M.A., M.
    [Show full text]
  • Their Interaction in Orang-Orang Bloomington In
    T. Hellwig M. Klokke Focalization and theme; Their interaction in Orang-Orang Bloomington In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 141 (1985), no: 4, Leiden, 423-440 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/27/2021 08:50:45PM via free access TINEKE HELLWIG and MARIJKE J. KLOKKE FOCALIZATION AND THEME: THEIR INTERACTION IN ORANG-ORANG BLOOMINGTON1 1. Introduction Orang-Orang Bloomington is a collection of short stories written by Budi Darma and published by Sinar Harapan in 1980. It represents our first confrontation with Budi Darma and his literary work. After reading the various stories of Orang-Orang Bloomington through, we were left with a strange, uneasy feeling, without really knowing what caused it or being able to judge these stories at their true value. After reading them again, however, we were able to discern more clearly the different links that bind the seven stories together, which in turn again helped us to discover why these stories had made us feel so uneasy on reading them the first time. We are of the opinion that for a large part this feeling was caused by the way the focalization and theme interact in the stories of Orang-Orang Bloomington. We would like to demonstrate this in the present article. After giving some background information on the author and his work in general, we will then concentrate on the subject of focalization and theme and try to indicate how much the two of them are intertwined in Orang-Orang Bloomington and in this way link the dif- ferent stories together.
    [Show full text]
  • 196 Isla-3 2014 Building Students' Character Through Main Characters in the Novel Kooong by Iwan Simatupang
    ISLA ---333 Proceeding of the Third International Seminar on Languages and Arts 2012012014201 444 Padang, October 17-18, 2014 BUILDING STUDENTS’ CHARACTER THROUGH MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL KOOONG BY IWAN SIMATUPANG Haryadi Guidance and Counseling, University of Muhammadiyah Palembang [email protected] Abstract The purpose of this paper to illustrate the main character in the novel Kooong by Iwan Simatupang to build the character of students. This is a qualitative study using content analysis method. Design research is asking questions, collecting data, and interpreting the data. This study uses two structural approach and the approach of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud. Results of the study: (1) The structure of the novel Kooong: (a) the theme of human wanderings; (b) a flashback; (c) the background in Jakarta and Central Java; (d) the main character Mr. Sastro; and (d) third-person point of view with her style omniscient. (2) psychological disturbances: (a) the form of psychological disorders: depression and schizophrenia. (b) the causes of mental disorders: loss of turtledoves, children, and his wife. (c) due to mental disorders: a grumpy, left the village, and is considered crazy. (d) solution psychological disorders: submission to God and give a message to Mr. Headman and his friends throughout the village. Keywords : building character, learners, the main character, novel A. INTRODUCTION Literature is a creative activity, a work of art (Wellek and Austin Warren, 2014: 3). Through the literature, one can identify the behaviors and karakater society, even recognizing cultural population (Riris K., 2010: v). Indonesian literature is a mirror of the life of the people of Indonesia and Indonesian national identity.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Tradition of Putu Wijaya 105
    The N ew Tradition of Putu W ijaya Ellen Rafferty Introduction Putu Wijaya is one of Indonesia's most prominent and prolific authors, contributing numerous novels, short stories, dramas, and film scripts to Indonesian literature.1 He is Balinese by birth and Jakartan by choice having spent the past twenty years there. The marriage of Balinese and Jakartan cultures is reflected in his literary style which is char­ acterized by a departure from the conventions of realism, an eagerness to borrow from traditional and folk genres,2 * and a black and biting humor. This style draws on elements commonly found in regional genres, such as wayang, arja, ludruk, ketoprak, lenong, and Srimulat * creating artistic forms that are reminiscent of Javanese and Balinese cultures, while remaining rooted in contemporary Jakarta. His language is colloquial, peppered with Jakartanese and Javanese expressions; his syntax is bare, direct, even shockingly abrupt. His themes, often arising out of urban settings, include feelings of alienation, 2Putu Wijaya was a Fulbright scholar at the University of Wisconsin, Madison during the 1985-1986 aca­ demic year. I am grateful to him and to two anonymous readers for their comments on this essay. 2By "traditional genres" I mean the contemporary cultural expressions of ethnic groups such as Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, etc., not the performance traditions of past eras. Since performance traditions may be learned and performed by anyone of a particular region, the Indonesian term kesenian daerah or "regional arts" is a more appropriate term because it avoids the distinction between ethnic affiliation and regional group identity. The term "folk" characteristically is used to identify cultural performances associated with the lower class.
    [Show full text]
  • 196 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Badrun, Ahmad. 2003. Patu Mbojo
    196 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Badrun, Ahmad. 2003. Patu Mbojo: Struktur, Konteks Pertunjukan, Proses Penciptaan, dan Fungsi. Disertasi Program Studi Ilmu Susastra FIB UI. Jakarta: Tidak diterbitkan. Danandjaja, James. 2007. Folklor Indonesia: Ilmu Gosip, Dongeng, dan lain-lain. Jakarta: PT Pustaka Utama Grafiti. Hutomo, Suripan Sadi. 1991. Mutiara yang Terlupakan. Surabaya: HISKI. Keraf, Gorys. 2010. Diksi dan Gaya Bahasa. Jakarta: Gramedia. Koentjaraningrat. 1990. Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Kridalaksana, Harimurti. 2011. Kamus Linguistik: Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: Gramedia. Moleong. 2007. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif: Edisi Revisi. Bandung: Rosdakarya. Pardosi, Jhonson. 2008. Makna Simbolik Umpasa, Sinamot, dan Ulos pada Adat Perkawinan Batak Toba. Dalam Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa dan Sastra USU [Online]. Vol IV (2) halaman 101. Tersedia: http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/17518 atau http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/17518/1/logokt2008- 4%20%285%29.pdf. [ 20 Mei 2014]. Pradopo, Rachmat Djoko. 2010. Pengkajian Puisi. Yogyakarta: UGM Press. Putrayasa, Ida Bagus. 2007. Analisis Kalimat: Fungsi, Kategori, dan Peran. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama. Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. 2013. Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Saragih, Ferdinan De Jecson. 2011. Umpasa Pernikahan Simalungun: Struktur, Konteks Penuturan, Proses Penciptaan, dan Fungsi. Skripsi FPBS UPI. Bandung: Tidak diterbitkan. Siahaan. 1964. Sedjarah Kebudajaan Batak. Medan: Napitupulu dan Soons. Siahaan, S.T.P. 2013. Buku Angka Umpasa dohot Umpama Batak. -------- Sibarani, Robert. 1997. Sintaksis Bahasa Batak Toba. Medan: USU Press. Bendhawer Pasaribu , 2015 LEGITIMASI KETUHANAN DALAM UMPASA PEMBAPTISAN DALAM ADAT BATAK TOBA Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu 197 Sudaryanto. 1994. Predikat-Objek dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Keselarasan Pola Urutan. Yogyakarta: Djambatan.
    [Show full text]
  • Sastra Keagamaan Dalam Perkembangan Sastra Indonesia Puisi 1946-1965.Pdf
    • 4 • O : PAR NA IONAL SASTRA KEAGAMAAN DALAM PERKEMBANGAN SASTRA INDONESIA: PUISI1946-1965 Fuji Santosa Utjen Djusen Ranabrata Dwi Pratiwi PUSAT BAHASA DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL 2004 Penyunting Prih Suharto Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Jalan Daksinapati Barat IV Rawamangun, Jakarta 13220 HAK CIPTA DILBSDUNGI UNDANG-UNDANG Isi buku ini, baik sebagian maupun seluruhnya, dilarang diperbanyak dalam bentuk apa pun tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit, kecuali dalam hal pengutipan untuk keperluan penulisan artikel atau karangan ilmiah. Katalog dalam Terbitan(KDT) 809 SAN SANTOSA, Fuji k Sastra Keagamaan dalam Perkembangan Sastra Indonesia: Puisi 1946~1965/Puji Santosa, Utjen Djusen Ranabrata, dan Dwi Pratiwi.—Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2004 ISBN 979 685 440 6 1. AGAMA DALAM KESUSASTRAAN 2. KESUSASTRAAN INDONESIA KATA PENGANTAR KEPALA PUSAT BAHASA Sastra menipakan cermin kehidupan suatu masyarakat, sastra juga menjadi simbul kemajuan peradaban suatu bangsa. Oleh karena itu, masalah kesastraan di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari kehidupan masya rakat pendukungnya. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia telah terjadi berbagai perubahan, baik sebagai akibat tatanan kehidupan dunia yang baru, giobalisasi maupun sebagai dampak perkembangan teknologi informasi yang amat pesat. Sementara itu, gerakan reformasi yang bergulir sejak 1998 telah mengubah paradigma tatanan ke hidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bemegara. Tatanan kehidupan yang serba sentralistik telah berubah ke desentralistik, masyarakat ba- wah yang menjadi sasaran (objek) kini
    [Show full text]
  • Academic Journey
    MALAY LITERATURE VOLUME 29 NUMBER 2 DECEMBER 2016 ACADEMIC JOURNEY Harry Aveling [email protected] School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Australia. PENANG: TURNING POINT IN A LIFE TRANSLATING INDONESIAN AND MALAY LITERATURE1 When I went up to the University of Sydney in 1959, my intention was to become a high school teacher of English and History. Towards the end of that first year, our History class received a visit from the lecturer in Malay, Dr. A.H. Hill2, who talked about a new programme in Indonesian and Malayan Studies. I remember his visit, complete with batik cloths and wayang puppets, just as I remember the History lecturer’s counter-claim that he had “the head of Oliver Cromwell in a bottle–Oliver Cromwell as a boy”, that was. Indonesian and Malayan Studies seemed a fascinating new area to explore and I enrolled the next year. My seniors were Glenda Adams, later to be an important fiction writer, and Doug Miles, who conducted anthropological fieldwork among the Ngaju Dayak in Central Kalimantan and the Yao of Northern Thailand. Two of my classmates were to become leading scholars of classical Malay, Javanese and Balinese literatures: Peter Worsley, later professor of Indonesian Studies, at the University of Sydney, and Stuart Robson, head of Indonesian, Monash University. George Miller became the senior Asian Studies librarian at the Australian National University. Another fellow student was the poet, Les Murray, who favorably reviewed one of my first books, Contemporary Indonesian Poetry, in the Sydney Morning Herald (15 May 1975).
    [Show full text]