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Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India

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Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India Prof. (Dr.) Amar P. Garg Vice Chancellor , Shobhit Institute of Engineering & Technolgy (Deemed-to-be-University), Meerut, India E-mail: [email protected] BHARAT • Land of great diversity with 15 agro-climatic zones • Home for a large variety of flora and fauna with 30% of total bio-diversity of the world • Traditional medical folklore in the form of Ayurveda, Homeopathy, Siddha, Unani • Traditional medical healthcare systems based on plants (herbs, shrubs and trees) World View of Medicinal Plants Based Healthcare System • WHO- 80% of world population relies on plant based medical treatment • Raw materials for medicinal purpose obtained from 20,000 plant species • About 100 species are commercially cultivated in different parts of Bharat Significance •Plants possess unique features •Wide spread and used in various formulations •Quite effective in small dose(s) •Little or no side effects being natural •Preparations: simple, effective with broad spectrum activities • Rich in disease specific curative properties Medicinal Plants in Scriptures The age-old scriptures contain detailed accounts of medicinal plants-5000 B.C. Scripture Dates back No. of Plants Yajurveda 4500 – 2500 B.C. 290 Atharvaveda Charaka Samhita 700 B.C. 1100 Sushruta Samhita 200 B.C. 1200 Number of Medicinal Plants under Different Categories Category No. of plants Tribal communications 550 Ethnic groups 220 Forest villages 5000 Plants from higher group 17,500 Major vegetarian types 16 Ethno-medical utility plants 9500 Zonal Distribution of Medicinal Plants Western Himalayas Gangetic plains Eastern Himalayas Western Ghats North-Eastern region Eastern Ghats Semi-arid region Andaman & Nicobar Islands Medicinal Plants of the State of Uttarakhand S. No. Name of Plant Plant part(s) used as Medicine by Ailments/Diseases for which used. Common Name Botanical Name local Tribes 1. Kalonji Nigella sativa Seeds Diarrhoea, dysentery 2. Neem Azadirachta indica Roots, bark, flowers Arthritis, bronchitis, cough, diabetes 3. Dhatura Dhatura stramonium Leaves and fruits Asthma, cardiac pains 4. Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Leaves Anti-allergic, anti-diabetic 5. Anar Punica granatum Seeds, flowers Syphilis, bronchitis, stomachic 6. Khajoor Phoenix dactylifera Fruit Genito-urinary ailments, diarrhea 7. Methi Trigonella foenum Seeds Constipation, diabetes 8. Paiya Prunus cerasoides Bark, fruit Antipyretic, leprosy 9. Kuphi Acalypha indica L. Leaf Ear Problem 10. Bael Aegle marmelos (L.) Corea Fruit Cholera 11. Lehsun Allium sativum L. Bark, Diarrhoea 12. Chitwan Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br Bark Cholera 13. Basingo Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Leaf Gastric complaints 14. Pili kantiya Argemone maxicana L. Seed Digestive disorder 15. Danti/Vanchura Balioselia retusa (permum momnatum Leaf Asthama (Willd) Mull-Arg 16. Pila bansa Barleria prionitis L. Leaf Skin ailment 17. Poy Basella rubra L. Leaf Cold and cough 18. Semal Bombax ceiba L. Root Burns 19. Khaja Bridelia retusa (L.) Sprengel Root Abdominal pain 20. Patharchut Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oxen Leaf Headache 21. Gorghanta Caesulia axillaris Roxb Flower Cuts 22. Gorghanta Caesulia axillaris Roxb Flower Cuts 23. Gorghanta Caesulia axillaris Roxb Flower Cuts 24. Ratti Abrus precatorius Linn. Leaf, seed and root decoction. Fever, asthma, chest pain, tuberculosis. 25. Meetha Bish Aconitum atrox (Buehl) Mukherjee Rhizome paste fried in Ghee is Rheumatism, neuralgia, paralysis, externally used. puerperal fever 26. Ratanjot Anemone polyanthes D Don Seed decoction. Food poisoning. 27. Kingore/Chotar Berberis chitria Lindl. Fruit, bark and root. Jaundice, eye disorders (ophthalmia). 28. Silphara Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. Root decoction, Leaf juice. Kidney stone, Sores, Swellings 29 Brahmi Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Plant extract, leaf paste. Mental disorder, skin disease, blood purifier, diuretic. 30. Amla Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Fruit extract. Stomach problem. 31. Sankhpushpi Evolvulus alsinoides L. Plant and flower extracts. Cough,cold, asthma, bronchitis. 32. Jatamasi Nardostachys jatamansi DC. Rhizome. Epilepsy, Hysteria. 33. Sarpgandha Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. Roots. Fever, anxiety, epilepsy, intestinal & nervous disorders. Medicinal Plants of the State of Jharkhand S. No. Name of Plant Plant part used as Medicine Ailment/Diseases for which used. Common Name Botanical Name by local Tribes 1. Tulsi Ocimum sanclum Leaves/Seed Cough, Cold, Bronchitis,Expectorand 2. Amla Emblica officinalis Fruit Vitamin-C, Cough, Diabetes, Cold, Laxative, Hyper Acidity. 3. Ashok Saraca asoca Bark Flower Menstrual Pain, Uterine, Disorder, Deiabetes. 4. Aswagandha Withania somnifera Root, Leafs Restorative Tonic, Stress, Nerves Disorder, Aphrodiasiac. 5. Guluchi / Giloe Tinospora cordifolia Stem Gout,Pile, General Debility, Fever, Jaundice 6. Calihari / Gloriosa superba Seed, tuber Skin Disease, Labour Pain, Abortion, panchanguliaGlori General Debility. 7. Makoi/Kakamachi Solanum nigrum Fruit/whole plant Dropsy, General Debility, Diuretic, Anti Dysenteric. 8. Sarpa Gandha Rauwolfia serpentina Root Hypertension, Insomnia High Blood Pressure, Insanity, Hyesteria. 9. Satavari Asparagus racemosus Tuber, root Enhance Lactation, General Weakness, Fatigue, And Cough. 10. Gritkumari Aloe verra Leaves Laxative, Wound Healing, Skin Burns,Ulcer. 11. Vringraj Ecliptaalba Seeds/whole Anti-Inflammatory, Digestive, Hair Tonic. 12 Rakta Chitrak Plumbago indica Roots Indyspeipsia, Colic, Inflammation, Cough. 13 Kochila Strychinos nuxvomica Seeds Nervous, Paralysis, Healing Wound. 14 Neem Azadirchata - indica Rhizome Sedatives,Analgesic,Epilepsy, Hypertensive 15 Benachar/ Khus/khus Vetiveria ziziinoides Root Burning, Ulcer, Skin, Vomiting. 16 Mandukparni Centella asiatica Whole plant Anti-Inflammatory, Jaundice, Diuretic, Diarrhea. 17 Kaincha/Baidanka Mucuna truriens Root, Hair, Seed, Nervous, Disorder, Constipation, Leaf Nephropathy, Dropsy. 18 Dalchini Cinnamomum Bark, Oil Bronchitis, Asthma, Cardiac, zeylanicum Disorder, Fever. 19 Kariyasem Mucuna Stem, leaf Asthma, Blood Purity, Menstrual monosperma Disorder, Urinary Problem, Immunity Booster 20 Mexican poppy Argemone Whole plant; Infestation, Skin Diseases, mexicana Seeds; Seed oil, Leprosy, Flowers; Latex Inflammations, Colic, Malarial Roots; Leaves Fever Wounds, Ulcers. Asthma, Constipation, In Dropsy, Jaundice, 21 Khokali Acalyphaindica Whole Anti-helminthic, Expectorant, plant,roots,leaf Emetic, Hypnotic, Asthma, Pneumonia 22 Sada Dhatura Datura metel seeds flowers and Dangerous Level Of Poison Likes leaves Tropane Alkaloids Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Which Are Considered As Deliriants Or Anticholinergics Medicinal Plants of the State of Nagaland S. No. Name of Plant Plant part used as Medicine by local Ailment/Diseases for which used. Common Name Botanical Name Tribes 1. Toothache plant Acmella oleracea Leaves and roots Toothache. 2. Fischer monkshod Aconitum fischeri Roots . Diarrhoea, Rheumatism. 3. Walking maiden hair fern Adiantum philippense Leaves and Antipyretic and cough rhizomes 4. White siris Albizia procera Leaves and bark Ulcers and stomachache. 5. Oriental garlic Allium odorum Leaves Urinary problems. 6. Agarwood Aquilaria agallocha Wood and Diarrhoea, Dysentery, resins. Rheumatism. 7. Himalayan cobra lily Arisaema consanguineum Tubers Anti-bacterial anti-fungal 8. Common Artemisia vulgaris Leaves and roots Antipyretic, Anthelmintic wormwood and against skin infection. 9. Climbing bauhinia Bauhinia glauca Bark Astringent, Diarrhoea, dysentery 10. Mountain ebony Bauhinia variegata Flowers, bark Diarrhoea, dysentery and and roots stomach disorders. 11. Fern Blechnum capense Rhizome Muscular pain 12 Kashidoria Blumea lacera Whole plant Cough, Asthma 13 Cotton tree Bombax ceiba Bark, gum seeds, Aphrodisiac and digestive roots, flowers, disorders. 14 Crown flower Calotropis gigantean Whole plant Fever, cough. 15 Jaggery palm Caryota urens . Nuts and Seminal weakness, urinary leaves disorders 16 Wild lemon grass Cymbopogon citrate Leaf oil Asthma and headache. 17 Angel’s trumpet Datura suaveolens Leaves and seeds Asthma and whooping cough. 18 Silver fern Dicranopteris linearis Leaves and roots Fever, epilepsy, deworming and asthma. 19 Yam Dioscorea pentaphylla Tubers Arthritis, asthma, contraceptive. 20 Hyacinth bean Dolichos lablab Whole plant Fever, abdominal pain and antiseptic. 21 Chickweed Drymaria cordata Leaves and stem Antidote, appetizer, blood purifier, reduces fever. 22 Lomba Elsholtzia blanda Whole plant Kidney and urinary bladder problems. 23 Indian gooseberry Emblica officinalis Fruits and seeds. Anaemia, dysentery, haemorrhage, jaundice. 24 China rose Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Flowers, leaves Cough and cold, sores and stems. and relieves periodic pain. 25 Stink grass Houttuynia cordata Whole plant Stomach-ache, cholera, dysentery. 26 Cowhage Mucuna pruriens Roots and Pods Body tonic, menstrual problems. 27 Long pepper Piper longum . Fruits and roots Respiratory tract problems and dysentery. Major exports from India (A) Plantago ovata Cassia angustifolia Rheum australe Rauwolfia serpentina Hedychium spicatum Zingiber officinale 17 18 19 20 Major exports from India (B) Acorus calamus Adathoda vasica Juglans regia Punica granatum Juniperus communis Heracleum candicans 21 22 25 Major exports from India (C) Picrorhiza kurroa Aconitum species Saussurea lappa Swertia chirata Podophyllum emodi Valeriana wallichii Some More Medicinal Plants Apamarga Kaner Babul Sadabahar Bael Brahmi Shirish Musali safed Vish Naag Tejpatra Kalmegh Lemon Kutaki Arjun Medicinal Plants Some More Medicinal Plants Vad Bavchi Gular Chitrak Tulsi Sarpagandha Medha Ashwagandha Pudina Erand Karela Jamun Amla Imli Medicinal Plants Some More Medicinal Plants Karanj Bhringaraaj Baheda Garlic Hirda Turmeric Ginger Adulsa Shatavari Datura Neem Peepal Medicinal Plants Thanks.
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